For excellent background to the gospel scene of Jesus in the wilderness with wild animals, see now Richard Bauckham, "Jesus and the Wild Animals (Mark 1:13): A Christological Image for an Ecological Age," in J. B. Green, M. Turner (eds.), _Jesus of Nazareth, Lord and Christ: Essay on the Historical Jesus and New Testament Christology_ (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1994), 3-21. Larry Hurtado, Religion, Univ. of Manitoba