Page 1 of 1

Meanings of the Word ἄφιξις

Posted: April 1st, 2020, 3:27 am
by Bernd Strauss
Can someone explain how the word ἄφιξις has two diametrically opposed meanings: “departure” and “arrival”?
If the context where this word is used is not sufficient enough, is it impossible, based on the word’s etymology alone, to determine what it means in that context?

Re: Meanings of the Word ἄφιξις

Posted: April 1st, 2020, 7:38 am
by Barry Hofstetter
ἄφιξις, εως, ἡ (s. ἀφικνέομαι, hence usu. of ‘arrival’: Hdt. et al.; so also Lysimachus [200 B.C.]: 382 Fgm. 6 Jac.; Diod S 8, 19, 2; pap; 3 Macc 7:18; EpArist 173; Jos., Ant. 20, 51, Vi. 104; Tat.) in our lit. the point from which one moves is emphasized departure (cp. Demosth., Ep. 1, 2; 3, 39 ἄ. οἴκαδε; Ael. Aristid. 48, 7 K.=24 p. 467 D.; Jos., Ant. 2, 18; 4, 315; 7, 247; PMich 497, 12; other pass. in Gk. lit. may appear to be ambiguous to the modern reader, but not be, because the ancient writer views the departure in terms of movement toward a destination) Ac 20:29.—JWackernagel, Glotta 14, 1925, 59.—DELG s.v. ἵκω. M-M.
Arndt, W., Danker, F. W., Bauer, W., & Gingrich, F. W. (2000). A Greek-English lexicon of the New Testament and other early Christian literature (3rd ed., p. 157). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Re: Meanings of the Word ἄφιξις

Posted: April 2nd, 2020, 7:49 am
by Bernd Strauss
I had looked up the definition of the word in BDAG earlier. The definition in the dictionary is not clear enough in explaining what I need to know. Does the word mean both “departure” and “arrival” at the same time? (This resembles what is known among linguists as the Illegitimate totality transfer fallacy, according to which a word has all of its meanings in a context, which is not the case, because a word has only one of its meanings in a specific context.)

Does the word has two different meanings—“arrival” and “departure”—so that the word means different things in different contexts?

Re: Meanings of the Word ἄφιξις

Posted: April 3rd, 2020, 7:20 am
by Barry Hofstetter
BDAG looks quite clear to me. Of course it can't mean "arrival" and "departure" at the same time -- you've answered your own question about that. Context determines which it means.
ἄφιξις -εως, ἡ [ἀπό, ἵξις] ⓐ arrival HDT. 1.69.3, al. LYS. 2.26 etc.; ἡ οἴκαδε ἄ. return home DEMOSTH. epist. 1.2, al. ‖ leaving, departure ▶ παρά τινα toward or to the side of s.o. HDT. 3.69.6 = ▶ εἴς τινα DEMOSTH. 5.8; ▶ ἐπί or ἔς τι to some place HDT. 7.58.2, 9.17.2 | ▶ abs. NT Acts 20:29 etc. ⓑ entreaty AESCHL. Suppl. 843, cf. ἱκεσία Ion. ἄπιξις -ιος.
Montanari, F. (2015). M. Goh & C. Schroeder (Eds.), The Brill Dictionary of Ancient Greek. Leiden; Boston: Brill.

ἄφιξις, εως, Ion. ἄπιξις, ιος, ἡ: (ἀφικνέομαι):—arrival, Hdt.1.69, al.; τὴν ἀπὸ Κορίνθου ἄ. arrival from C., Id.5.92.ζ; ἐς Θήβας Id.9. 17; ἄ. ἐπὶ Σαρπηδονίης ἄκρης ποιεῖσθαι Id.7.58; μέρος αὐτῆς ἀπίξιος παρὰ τὸν μάγον her turn for going in to him, Id.3.69, cf. Pl.Ep.337e, Aristeas173, J.Ap.1.18, etc.; ἄ. εἰς τοὺς πολεμίους ποιησάμενος D.5.8; ἄ. εἰς Κύπρον Isoc.9.53; ἡ ἐνθάδε ἄ. Hdt.2.145, Lys.2.26; ἡ οἴκαδε ἄ. home again, D.Ep.1.2, 3.39.
2. departure, J.AJ2.2.4, Act.Ap.20. 29.
II. = ἱκεσία, A.Supp.483.

Liddell, H. G., Scott, R., Jones, H. S., & McKenzie, R. (1996). A Greek-English lexicon (p. 291). Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Re: Meanings of the Word ἄφιξις

Posted: April 4th, 2020, 7:12 am
by Bernd Strauss
Thank you. It appeared to me that the meanings “departure” and “arrival” are somehow merged in the word ἄφιξις because of what is stated in the BDAG lexicon: “Other pass. in Gk. lit. may appear to be ambiguous to the modern reader, but not be, because the ancient writer views the departure in terms of movement toward a destination.”