The use of demonstratives
Carl W. Conrad
cwconrad at artsci.wustl.edu
Fri Aug 21 16:32:11 EDT 1998
At 12:55 PM -0700 8/21/98, Kyle Dillon wrote:
>How do TOUTOS and EKEINOS differ in relation to their antecedents and/or
>appositives? For example, if there are two possible antecedents in a
>sentence, would EKEINOS refer to the former and TOUTOS to the latter? In
>other words, when would TOUTOS be used instead of EKEINOS (or vise versa)?
>
>Kyle Dillon
I think you must mean hOUTOS/hAUTH/TOUTO--those are the nom. sg. forms of
the demonstrative normally translated 'this' or 'this one.' This is the one
that will should TOUT- forms in the oblique cases of the m. and n., TAUT-
forms in the oblique cases of the f.
The tendency is for hOUTOS to refer to a noun that follows or is nearest,
while EKEINOS refers to a noun that precedes or is more remote. If both
demonstratives appear, then hOUTOS refers to the nearer noun, EKEINOS to
the more remote noun. Example: EPIFANEIS HSAN hO TE DHMOSQENHS KAI hO
KIKERWN, ALL' EKEINOS MEN hELLHN HN, hOUTOS DE RWMAIOS. "Both Demosthenes
and Cicero were illustrious, but the former was a Greek, the latter a
Roman."
Carl W. Conrad
Department of Classics/Washington University
One Brookings Drive/St. Louis, MO, USA 63130/(314) 935-4018
Home: 7222 Colgate Ave./St. Louis, MO 63130/(314) 726-5649
cwconrad at artsci.wustl.edu OR cconrad at yancey.main.nc.us
WWW: http://www.artsci.wustl.edu/~cwconrad/
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