hOUTWS Jn3.16 "In this way"

Carl W. Conrad cwconrad at artsci.wustl.edu
Sun Apr 2 14:04:45 EDT 2000


At 4:54 AM -0500 4/2/00, Jason Hare wrote:
>cc: «My own sense here is rather that hOUTWS ... hWSTE constitutes a
>standard "consecutive" pattern having an emphatic adverb in an initial
>clause followed by hWSTE with an infinitive or an indicative verb in a
>result clause.»
>
>Are there any other instances that you can give of this kind of use.  That
>might be interesting to note.  Thanks.

The classical construction is a simpler one with hOUTWS or some other
qualitative or quantitative adverbial expression (e.g. TOSOUTOS/H/O or
TOIOUTOS/H/O either modifying the verb or an adjective or another verb in
the main clause and a hWSTE introducing either a finite verb clause (for an
ACTUAL result) or an infinitive (for a NATURAL or PROBABLE result). There
are also some less frequent variants to this pattern. Cf. Smyth's grammar,
##2273-2278.
(http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/text?lookup=smyth+2273&vers=english&browse=1)
and LSJ hOUTWS III
(http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/lexindex?lookup=ou(/tws&lang=greek)

In the GNT the pattern is less consistent; there may be hWSTE as in John
3:16 or in Acts 14:1 (EGENETO DE IN IKONIWi KATA TO AUTO EISELQEIN AUTOUS
EIS THN SUNAGWGHN TWN IOUDAIWN KAI LALHSAI h O U T W S  h W S T E PISTEUSAI
IOUDAIWN TE KAI hELLHNWN POLU PLHQOS.  = "And it happened in Iconium at the
same time that they entered into the synagogue of the Jews and spoke such
that a sizable throng of both Jews and Greeks came to faith.") or Matthew
15:33 (KAI LEGOUSIN AUTWi hOI MAQHTAI: POQEN hHMIN EN ERHMIAi ARTOI  T O S
O U T O I  h W S T E  CORTASAI OCLON TOSOUTON. = "And his disciples say to
him, 'Where do we have in the wilderness loaves sufficient to feed a crowd
this large?'")

or there may be a hOPWS clause, as in Matthew 5:16 (h O U T W S  LAMYATW TO
FWS hUMWN EMPROSQEN TWN ANQRWPWN, h O P W S IDWSIN hUMWN TA KALA ERGA KAI
DOXASWSIN TON PATERA hUMWN TON EN TOIS OURANOIS,  = "Let your light so
shine before people that they see your good works and glorify your father
in heaven.")

or there may be a relative clause functioning to indicate the result, as in
1 Cor 6:5  (h O U T W S  OUK ENI EN hUMIN OUDEIS S O F O S,  h O S
DUNHSETAI DIAKRINAI ANA MESON TOU ADELFOU AUTOU? = "Is there nobody so wise
amongst you that he won't be able to judge a matter?")

-- 

Carl W. Conrad
Department of Classics/Washington University
One Brookings Drive/St. Louis, MO, USA 63130/(314) 935-4018
Home: 7222 Colgate Ave./St. Louis, MO 63130/(314) 726-5649
cwconrad at artsci.wustl.edu
WWW: http://www.artsci.wustl.edu/~cwconrad/
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