RENEW

Polycarp66 at aol.com Polycarp66 at aol.com
Thu Apr 27 17:41:06 EDT 2000


In a message dated 4/27/2000 3:21:21 PM Central Standard Time, 
d.roe at t-online.de writes:

<< 
 Sorry, I hastily overlooked the vital aspect of your question:
 "ANAKAINIZW".  Still, I am unaware of the difference between the
 meanings of the verbs ANAKAINIZW and ANAKAINOW. ANAKAINIZW only appears
 once in the NT -- perhaps Carl or others familiar with classical usage
 can further help. >>

Perhaps there really isn't much difference.  


I. Active Voice

Definition 

In general it can be said that in the active voice the subject performs, 
produces, or experiences the action or exists in the state expressed by the 
verb.


411

A. Simple Active
    .
    .
    .

B. Causative Active (a.k.a. Ergative Active)

1. Definition

The subject is not directly involved in the action, but may be said to be the 
ultimate source or cause of it. That cause may be volitional, but is not 
necessarily so. As might be expected, often the causative idea is part of the 
lexeme (especially with 
-OW and -IZW verbs), though other verbs can also be ergative without any help 
from the verbal stem (as in most examples listed below). This usage is fairly 
common if such lexically-colored verbs are taken into account. 

2. Key to Identification

For the simple verb, sometimes the gloss cause to can be used before the verb 
and its object; in such cases it is usually best to convert the verb to a 
passive (e.g., he causes him to be baptized). However, this is not always 
appropriate. The best key is to understand the semantics involved: The 
subject is not the direct agent of the act, but the source behind it.

3. Illustrations

Matt 5:45
TON hHLIN AUTOU ANATELLEI EPI PNHROUS KAI AGAQOUS KAI BREXEI EPI DIKAIOUS KAI 
ADIKOUS
 
he causes his sun to rise on [both] evil and good [people], and he causes it 
to rain on [both] the righteous and unrighteous

[p. 412]

John 3:22
HLQEN hO IHSOUS KAI hOI MAQHTAI AUTOU EIS THN IOUDAIAN GHN KAI EKEI DIETRIBEN 
MET' AUTWN KAI EBATIZEN

 
Jesus and his disciples came into the land of Judea and he remained there 
with them and was baptizing
 
The immediate context gives no clue that this is causative, but in 4:1–2 the 
evangelist mentions that the Pharisees had misunderstood Jesus to be directly 
involved in the baptisms, for “Jesus was not baptizing but his disciples 
were” (v 2).
John 19:1
EMATIGWSEN
 
he scourged [him]
 
Pilate caused Jesus to be scourged, but did not perform the act himself.
Acts 21:11
TADE LEGEI TO PNEUMA TO hAGION, TON ANDRA hOU hH ZWNH AUTH hOUTWS DHSOUSIN EN 
hIEROUSALHM hOI IOUDAIOI KAI PARADWSOUSIN EIS XEIRAS EQNWN.
 
The Holy Spirit says this: “Thus the Jews in Jerusalem will bind the man who 
owns this belt and will hand [him] over to the hands of the Gentiles.”
 
The prophecy by Agabus (already identified as a true prophet in Acts 11:28) 
was fulfilled in Acts 21:33 (where a Roman tribune arrested Paul and ordered 
him to be bound) and in the remainder of the book (where Paul is successively 
brought, as a prisoner, up the chain of command until he got to Rome). Paul 
was not, strictly speaking, bound by the Jews, but by the Romans because a 
riot was breaking out in the temple over Paul. And he was not, strictly 
speaking, handed over by the Jews to the Romans, but was in fact arrested and 
later protected by the Romans because of a Jewish plot to kill him. What are 
we to say of this prophecy? Only that because of the Jews’ actions Paul was 
bound and handed over to the Gentiles. They were the unwitting cause, but the 
cause nevertheless.
1 Cor 3:6
EGW EFUTEUSA, APOLLWS EPOTISEN, ALLA hO QEOS HUCANEN
 
I planted, Apollos watered, but God caused [it] to grow
 
The verb POTIZW, like many verbs, is causative lexically (note the -IZW 
ending).
Cf. also Acts 16:3; Gal 2:4; Eph 4:16; 1 Pet 1:22; Jude 13; Rev 7:15; 8:6. 


Wallace, Daniel B., Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics - Exegetical Syntax of 
the New Testament, (Garland, TX: Galaxie Software) 1999, c1996.

gfsomsel




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