To all: Please comment on the function of PNEUMA in Jn.4:24 without a verb and AGAPH in 1Jn.4:8,16 with the verb ESTIN. What is the grammatical relation to hW QEOS. Both being Nominative Nouns, do they function the same with or without the verb? As Predicate Nouns? Russell Rankin Church of God (Abrahamic Faith) Minnesota, USA