Emphatic expressions

Steven R. Lo Vullo doulos at chorus.net
Thu Jan 11 17:56:04 EST 2001


On 1/11/01 5:21 AM, Carl W. Conrad wrote:

>>> Phil 4: 12
>>> 
>>> OIDA KAI TAPEINOUSQAI
>>> OIDA KAI PERISSEUEIN
>>> EN PANTI KAI EN PASIN MEMUHMAI
>>> KAI CORTAZESQAI...
>> 
>>> In verse 15:
>>> 
>>> OIDATE DE KAI hUMEIS, FILIPPHSIOI
>>> 
>>> The commentary says that the KAI makes hUMEIS emphatic.
>> 
>> I believe the KAI in question is adverbial ("also" or "indeed"), modifying
>> OIDA. It is not KAI that makes hUMEIS emphatic, but the fact that hUMEIS is
>> used when it is already implied in the verb. So the idea would seem to be
>> "you yourselves also know" (NASB) or "you [yourselves] indeed know" (cf.
>> NRSV). (I realize some of the translators out there will hate this mode of
>> expression.)
> 
> I think rather that the adverbial KAI refers to the infinitives; adverbial
> KAI generally precedes immediately what it refers to.

Hi Carl

My comments about KAI and hUMEIS had to do with their occurrences in v. 15.
Mark typed out both v. 12 and v. 15. At first I was dumbfounded when you
mentioned infinitives, but then I realized you were referring to v. 12. I
realize that adverbial KAI usually precedes what it refers to, but what is
your take on its usage in v. 15? It is designated an adverb in Accordance.
Should it be taken with DE as meaning something like "and indeed" or "now
indeed"?

Steve Lo Vullo,
Madison, WI





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