[B-Greek] hOUTWS KAI in 1 Cor 15.45

Steven Lo Vullo slovullo at mac.com
Mon Sep 6 16:42:46 EDT 2004


On Sep 5, 2004, at 7:12 PM, Carl W. Conrad wrote:

> At 5:38 PM -0500 9/5/04, Steven Lo Vullo wrote:
>> Hi all:
>>
>> hOUTWS KAI GEGRAPTAI: EGENETO hO PRWTOS ANQRWPOS ADAM EIS YUCHN ZWSAN,
>> hO ESCATOS ADAM EIS PNEUMA ZWiOPOIOUN.
>>
>> hOUTWS may refer to what precedes or what follows. It's usually not
>> very difficult to decide one way or the other, and at first blush it
>> would seem that in 1 Cor 15.45 it must refer to what follows, since it
>> is used with GEGRAPTAI, which introduces a quote from the OT. BDAG
>> notes that hOUTWS is used in connection with "spoken or written words:
>> what is so introduced follows immediately after hOUTWS GEGRAPTAI" 
>> (BDAG
>> 2, s.v. hOUTWS).
>>
>> But in 1.b, s.v. hOUTWS, it says that hOUTWS may refer to what
>> precedes, "Pointing the moral after figures of speech, parables, and
>> examples." Seeing as the preceding context uses the figure of sowing,
>> it occurred to me that hOUTWS may refer to what precedes, with the
>> quote from Gen 2.7 pointing the moral or offering the explanation of
>> the figure. The idea would be, "All this is clarified/confirmed by the
>> scripture, 'The first man, Adam, became a living soul (YUCHN; cf.
>> YUCIKON in v. 44),' the last Adam became a life-giving spirit (PNEUMA;
>> cf. PNEUMATIKON in v. 44)." Adverbial KAI here would seem to lend some
>> weight to this latter understanding ("also" pointing to and building 
>> on
>> what precedes).
>>
>> So, does hOUTWS here refer to what precedes or what follows?
>
> Perhaps BOTH? I think that the KAI is significant: "That's the way
> scripture reads too" -- where "that" means "There IS a "psychic" SWMA."
> That is to say, the statement EGENETO hO PRWTOS ANQRWPOS ADAM EIS YUCHN
> ZWSAN is offered as a constatement of the principle set forth in 15:44:
> SPEIRETAI SWMA YUCIKON, EGEIRETAI SWMA PNEUMATIKON. EI ESTIN SWMA 
> YUCIKON,
> ESTIN KAI PNEUMATIKON.

Thanks for your helpful comments, Carl. The KAI seemed significant to 
me also. And I was toying with a "plenary" use of hOUTWS.
============

Steven Lo Vullo
Madison, WI




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