[B-Greek] Emphatic pronouns
Harold R. Holmyard III
hholmyard at ont.com
Wed Oct 26 11:37:00 EDT 2005
Dear Kat,
I'm sorry. This web page I gave you is actually quite abbreviated:
http://64.233.187.104/search?q=cache:GV2RxOEYr14J:humanities.uchicago.edu/depts/classics/People/Faculty/helmadik/HelmaDikabstract.pdf+enclitic+pronouns+greek&hl=en&ie=UTF-8
Here is a longer treatment, but it is mostly about accenting:
[PDF] A Brief Note on Greek Accents
File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat
A Brief Note on Greek Accents. Particularly on
Enclitic Forms and ... The following
are the enclitics found in the New Testament: the pronouns µ?, µ??, ...
faculty.bbc.edu/rdecker/documents/enclitics.pdf - Similar pages
HH: This grammar review has some help on the enclitic:
http://64.233.187.104/search?q=cache:nud-UOs4dMgJ:instruct.uwo.ca/classical-studies/022/final_review.pdf+enclitic+pronouns+greek&hl=en&ie=UTF-8
2. Interrogatives and Indefinites
* these two pronouns (also used as adjectives)
have the same forms except for the fact that the
indefinites are enclitic.
Interrogatives:
* the interrogatives (as the name implies) ask a
question: É-? ɿɫɿÉ?ÉÕÉÀ; ="which book?"
É-?ÉÀÉÕV É-?
¼ÉøÉ«É¬?Éø; ="whose children?" É-?V ?É»É?ÉÀÉÕV ?É-É-?; = "who is that man?"
* in order to differentiate between these and the
indefinites, the accent of the interrogatives
never
changes from acute to grave.
Forms of the Interrogative Pronoun and Adjective:
masculine/feminine
neuter
Indefinites:
* the main thing to remember about the indefinite
pronoun/adjective is that it is enclitic (it does
not normally have an accent). Since the
interrogative uses the acute accent on its first
syllable, if
there is no acute accent, you can be nearly
certain that the form of É-É«V/É-É« in the
sentence is an
indefinite and not an interrogative.
* by definition, nouns with an indefinite
adjective modifier do not normally have a definite
article as well
Forms of the Indefinite Pronouns and Adjective:*
masculine/feminine
3. Personal Pronouns and Éø?É-?V
* Greek has pronouns for the first and second
person, but recycles a separate pronoun (Éø?É-?V)
for the third person personal pronoun. One uses
Éø?É-?V in its various numbers and cases (except
the nominative) to express explicitly "he/she/it" or "him/her" or "them".
* remember that the personal pronouns are only
used for emphasis or clarification in a sentence,
since the personal endings of the verb supplies the proper pronoun.
* for the first and second person, there are both
emphatic and unemphatic forms of the singular;
the unemphatic form is far more common, and is also enclitic.
HH: Smythe has some notes on the enclitic:
http://www.ccel.org/s/smyth/grammar/html/smyth_2l_uni.htm
HH: He writes:
a. The enclitic forms are used when the pronoun
is unemphatic, the longer forms and the accented
are
used when the pronoun is emphatic. Thus,
[unemphatic]: give me the book, [emphatic]: they
are plotting not against me, but against you.
Yours,
Harold Holmyard
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