[B-Greek] Preposition governing two nouns
George F Somsel
gfsomsel at yahoo.com
Wed Jul 18 13:53:16 EDT 2007
ἀπεκρίθη Ἰησοῦς· ἀμὴν ἀμὴν λέγω σοι, ἐὰν μή τις γεννηθῇ ἐξ ὕδατος καὶ πνεύματος, οὐ δύναται εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ θεοῦ.
APEKRIQH IHSOUS, "AMHN AMHN LEGW SOI, EAN MH TIS GENNHQHi EC hUDATOS KAI PNEUMATOS, OU DUNATAI EISELQEIN EIS THN BASILEIAN TOU QEOU
As you yourself note there is not an article here but rather a preposition. It is therefore difficult to understand why this would have any relation whatsoever to Granville Sharp's Rule. Regarding the absence of the article here I might note that Robertson takes πνεύματος [PNEUMATOS] as referencing the "ONLY OBJECT OF KIND", i.e. the Holy Spirit.
(k) Only Object of Kind. These partake of the nature of proper names and often occur without the article.… So also πνεῦμα and πνεῦμα ἅγιον may occur with and without the article. Garvie quotes Bartlet on Acts as saying that when πνεῦμα ἕγιον is anarthrous it describes the human condition, not the divine agency. But it may be questioned if this is not a purely artificial rule, as there are evident exceptions to it. The use of πνεῦμα with a genitive like πνεῦμα Χριστοῦ (Ro. 8:9) and with a preposition, ἐκ πνεύματος (Jo. 3:5), accounts for some examples.
Robertson, A. (1919; 2006). A Grammar of the Greek New Testament in the Light of Historical Research (795). Logos.
george
gfsomsel
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defend the truth till death.
- Jan Hus
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----- Original Message ----
From: Aaron Lawton <lawtonaaron at hotmail.com>
To: b-greek at lists.ibiblio.org
Sent: Wednesday, July 18, 2007 12:27:40 PM
Subject: [B-Greek] Preposition governing two nouns
I was recently presented with an argument concerning John 3:5 - GENNHQH EX
hUDATOS KAI PNEUMATOS. This text asserted that since the article (I assume
referring to the preposition EX) governed two nouns joined by KAI then the
nouns point to the same referent. I could not remember anything in grammar
nor find anything in my Greek grammars which would support this assertion.
Is this a misapplication of the Granville-Sharp Rule? Am I missing
something?
Matt. 23:25 seems to offer a similar construction (EX hARPAGHS KAI AKRASIAS)
while not appearing to agree with the rule. If applied to John 4:23, 24 (EN
PNEUMATI KAI ALHQEIA), a Gnostic reading could result. Luke 21:25 (EN hHLIW
KAI SELHNH KAI ASTROIS) only works if the nouns are viewed as synecdoche.
Luke 2:4 (EX OIKOU KAI PATRIAS) could follow the rule.
Aaron Lawton
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