[B-Greek] The value of reading the NT in Modern Greek
Jerry Austin Reimer
jerry at lsm.org
Tue Aug 5 12:33:59 EDT 2008
What is the best Modern Greek NT (which really is Modern Greek [Demotic?])
to buy and where can it be purchased?
Jerry Reimer
-----Original Message-----
From: b-greek-bounces at lists.ibiblio.org
[mailto:b-greek-bounces at lists.ibiblio.org] On Behalf Of Carl W. Conrad
Sent: Tuesday, August 05, 2008 11:12 AM
To: B-Greek B-Greek
Subject: [B-Greek] The value of reading the NT in Modern Greek
Mark Lightman posted this message last night, but it was delayed
because it was formatted in MIME HTML and over the 50k limit our list
software allows for incoming messages. Rather than wait for him to
send a re-formatted text, I'm sending it on the list immediately (CWC).
From: Mark Lightman <lightmanmark at yahoo.com>
Date: August 4, 2008 10:40:03 PM EDT
Subject: the value of reading the NT in Modern Greek
There have been some good discussions on this list about the value of
learning to speak modern Greek. I think most B-Greekers would learn
to speak modern Greek if we could develop the discipline necessary
to produce more time in our lives. If we could give up, say, sleep,
hygiene and gainful employment. If you read the archives, though,
you will find some caveats. For example, Randall Buth, of all
people, is not too enthusiastic. He says the main advantage of
learning to speak modern Greek is that it would be good practice for
learning to speak koine Greek! There is also a post from a teacher
who found that native Greek speakers often find their knowledge of
modern Greek to INTERFERE with learning ancient Greek. But anyway,
that's not what I wanted to talk about right now, not about learning
to speak modern Greek. We've also talked a lot on this list about
the value of pronouncing NT Greek the way Modern Greeks do, but I
don't what to talk about that either.
What I want to talk about is the value of something much more modest
than becoming fluent in speaking modern Greek. I want to talk about
the value of learning to read (and only to read) the New Testament
(and only the New Testament) in modern Greek, using the koine NT as
your crib. You see, this is how I spent my summer vacation. When my
Economic Stimulus check arrived, I filled up my gas tank and paid a
few late fees on my sub-prime mortgage and I still had about $25
left, so I bought one of those diglots with the koine Greek New
Testament on one side and Today's Greek Version on the other side. I
then took this book with me on the only vacation I could afford. (I
moved my couch a few inches southwest, so as to be closer to Florida.)
I have been enjoying the heck out of working my way through the
Modern Greek, using the Ancient Greek, which I know fairly well, as a
"cheat." I have no real desire at this point to learn Modern Greek;
my interest is always in improving my ability to read the Greek New
Testament. As I say, above all, it has been fun. For someone who is
in love with koine, it is interesting to see what has become of the
language. AUTOU has become TOU (not to be confused with the
article.) EIS becomes S. Participles are usually replaced with POU
meaning "who" (and it's not declined) plus the indicative, so hO
BLEPWN becomes hO POU BLEPEI. ("The one who sees," like in English.)
The future is formed with THA (which is from THELW INA) plus the
subjunctive, so literally instead of saying "I will eat," you say "I
want that I should eat" (does anyone else find this weird, that
Modern Greek here sounds like Yiddish?) OIDA and GIGNWSKOW give way
to XERW, which is from EXEURON. "Son" remains hUIOS when talking
about Jesus, but GIOS for ordinary sons. Anyway, these things are
interesting (at least to me) but I think reading the Modern Greek NT
also helps your koine Greek in a number of ways.
NUMBER ONE: You find morphemes that are familiar to you from koine,
but in unfamiliar situations. For example in 2 Cor 10:4 you find the
modern Greek word GKREMIZW, which is akin to Ancient Greek KRHMNOS,
cliff. AS "let" as a helping verb is from AFES. In Jude 5 you have
QUMIZW for
HUPOMIMNNiSKW, which may help you to remember that the morpheme QUM
can include mental activities as well as emotion or wrath, which
might help you remember that the NT word ENTHUMEOMAI means "I
consider or think." Seeing these morphemes in strange places
helps burn the Greek roots deeper into the brain. The value of this
in studying Homeric and Classical Greek is often promoted on this
list, but I had not realized that Modern Greek does the same thing.
NUMBER TWO: The modern Greek will often give you a recognizable
synonym or paraphrase which allows you to understand the koine in a
new way without using any English. AMHN AMHN LEGW hUMIN in John is
rendered SAS BEBAIWNW, a verb which (in a slightly different form) we
know from the koine NT. hODOS is generally replaced with DROMO and
DROMOS in turn in Acts 13:25 becomes ERGO. Buth has talked about
the need for a koine lexicon written in koine, so as to bypass the
English, but this is pretty much what you have in the Modern Greek
NT, and even more so in older Modern Greek translations. These are
so close to the koine as to offer almost an alternate text which is
pretty understandable to any one whose koine is good and who takes
the time to look up a few Modern Greek words and learn the changes
to the language. Are you not sure how to render hO hUIOS TOU QEOU
TOU ZWNTOS in Mt 16:16 into English? (and Carl Conrad says you should
not; see one of his recent Ad Nauseum posts about thinking in Greek
versus translating.) Well, you don't have to. Check out the Modern
Greek which has Ho hUIOS TOU ALEQINOU QEOU, which, if you think
about, is probably what Jesus meant, and here you can avoid
translation. You're not exactly thinking in Greek, but you are at
least not using any English (in my diglot, even the maps are in Greek.)
NUMBER THREE. The Modern Greek is one take on cruxes, a take which,
all things being equal, one might think would have more weight than
say an English translation. Some examples from recent cruxes
discussed on this list: The modern Greek (or I should say, one
version of the Modern Greek) does not retain the distinction between
FILEW and AGAPEW in John 21:15ff (AGAPEW is used throughout) but does
preserve the one between BOSKW and POMAINW. PROS TON THEON is John
1:1 is simply "with (ME) God." (I think ME is from META but not
sure; does anyone know?) The Modern Greek does not repeat QEOS in Jn
11:22, but does add AUTOS, suggesting the QEOS does imply SOME added
emphasis. You can see what becomes of rHMA (more or less replaced
by LOGOS) and of LOGOS (often retained or rendered with a fuller
phrase; in Luke 1:2 LOGOS becomes MHNUMA CARMOSUNOU, "joyful
message".) Now, of course, this could get out of hand. Every
exegetical point could be addressed by saying "But the Modern Greek
says.!" This would get annoying from someone who actually KNOWS
Modern Greek; from someone like me, who has spent about seven hours
looking at one Modern Greek text, this would be intolerable. But I
find it at least interesting to look up tough passages and see the
Modern Greek take(s.)
NUMBER FOUR. Learning to read the Modern Greek NT is probably good
preparation for learning to speak Modern Greek. This is still on my
long term to-do list, somewhere between memorizing the pluperfect
and cleaning the top of my refrigerator, so at least I'm making
progress towards ONE of my goals.
NUMBER FIVE: Trying to read the Modern Greek NT by using the koine
NT as your crutch raises some interesting pedagogical issues. If
your goal is to improve your NT Greek, can you really call it
cheating if you use the koine Greek NT to help you figure out the
Modern Greek NT so you can better read the koine Greek NT? If this is
cheating, it's a pretty benign sort of cheating, like fantasizing
about your wife while making love to her. Conrad has maintained
that if all you know is the Greek NT, you don't really know NT Greek.
If like me, you can read the Modern Greek New Testament with a
dictionary or the Koine NT as your crib, can you say that in any sense
you "know" Modern Greek? Lest someone on the list Alexander Pope me,
let me do it myself. I know that learning a little Modern Greek is
a dangerous thing, and I've been learning a microscopic amount of
Modern Greek. But if your goal is to really know one Greek text
super-well, and if you can, on the basis first of radical
familiarity with the English and then the koine Greek, understand
the Modern Greek NT, should you read it? I think you should, for the
same reason you should climb a mountain. The Modern Greek NT happens
to be THERE, in a convenient format opposite the koine NT. I
remember at one point someone on the list expressed the wish for
having an Attic NT. If someone wanted to produce a koine/Attic NT
diglot, or a Homeric/Koine NT diglot, or a Linear B/Koine diglot, I
would use it and find it helpful. It takes very little time to
become "fluent" not in Modern Greek, but in the Modern Greek New
Testament, and so you get great bang for your time buck.
NUMBER SIX: And most importantly, reading the Modern Greek New
Testament with the ancient Greek New Testament as your crutch keeps
you engaged in the Greek NT. Other pedagogies, reading Homer, trying
to speak koine, working your way through Smyth, are all do doubt
helpful, but whenever I wander too far away from the Greek NT I feel
compelled to go back.
This is probably the point at which some might ask, what is your
question, Lightman? I don't really have a question, I guess I'm just
recommending that once you get very familiar with the Greek NT,
reading the Modern Greek NT might be a good use of your time. I
guess I'd like to know if others have tried this and what they
think. Above all, I had never realized that even a demotic
translation, not to mention what is sometimes called the Modern High
Greek, is so very close to the koine NT. I think the Modern Greek
New Testaments have been underutilized resources for B-Greekers, at
least for this one.
Mark L.
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