[B-Greek] English Cognates for Teaching Biblical Greek Words
Randall Buth
randallbuth at gmail.com
Fri Aug 21 05:22:47 EDT 2009
>I'm looking for a list of Greek NT words followed by their English Cognates. I know there are some books (beginning grammar, etc.) and online resource that list the Modern English cognates for Greek words. Trenchard does not list them in his 'cognate word groups' or 'frequency list' definitions. Mounce lists them as footnotes. Is there a list anywhere or does anyone have a list? I'm looking for quick/easy access, something like
>AGGELOS > angel
HCOS > echo
etc.....
>A search of the archives brought these books up:
. . .
>The reason I ask is because I'm trying to include a spoken element in my class using TPRS (now called "Teaching Proficiency Through Storytelling"; it was called "Total Physical Response through Storytelling). One of the concepts is that the vocabulary needs to be very tightly controlled. People only use about 300-600 words in normal speech and when one is trying to teach people patterns. Excessive vocabulary clutters the learners' playing field with unneeded baggage. Some modern language books have up to 2500 words in the first year books. (Most NT books stick with about 323 - a frequency of 50x or more in the NT - but one has to count odd forms, so I'm not sure the 323 number is accurate for the NT as EIDON and BLEPW are two words).
>In TPRS, certain words are "out of bounds" (i.e. not to be used) unless they were aleady expressly taught. The rule is Keep It Simple Stupid (KISS). New words can be introduced into the story if they are proper nouns/names which are internationally recognized 'BMW, Corvette, UN, etc.' Blaine Ray in the US who teaches these workshops recommends cognates as a good way to introduce vocabulary. By cognates, he means English words (or words in the users native language) which have cognates in the foreign language one is learning. Though the best recommended method for learning new vocabulary is by coming across a new word when reading a story.
>I recognize that using cognates is really only possible for some words, not all. A teacher needs to be careful not to use modern English words which have a significant shift in meaning from the Greek. Something close to the Greek is Hippo-potamus 'river-horse'. Some words are not as appropriate e.g. dyarchy (a two-level government structure).>
shalom Louis,
Personally, I think that cognates work much more effictively in
Spanish and French, and in initial
stages with German. With Spanish and French students discover that the
'big' words are
like English with an accent. With German, its the other way around,
all the little words are like
English with an accent, but too many of big words are all new,
wissenshaftlich-ly speaking.
For Greek, cognates are more like footnotes that usually require at
least one extra jump to be
useful.
TPR is usually more effective, especially since the person associates
the Greek word
with its actual sound rather than with a sound-shifted English.
(Note: EIDWLON is cognate with "idol", where the [i] sound of the KOINH
Greek lines up with the simple English spelling, and with Chaucer's sound,
but the English itself has later great-vowel-shifted into something bizarre
[ay] in 'aye' ='eye'. Students need to think/hear [i'dholon])
Not to begrudge you some help, for what it's worth, here's an
incomplete list (I think I even recorded a similar list for a friend
once but its somewhere in old computer backups):
Συγγενικαὶ Λέξεις
Α
ἄβυσσος, ου, ἡ abyss
ἄγγελος, ου, ὁ angel
ἄγκυρα, ας, ἡ anchor
ἄγνωστος, ον agnostic
ἀγωνία, ας, ἡ agony
ἀγωνίζομαι (impf. ἠγωνιζόμην; 1 aor. ἠγωνισάμην)
ἀγωνίσασθαι agonize
ἀγωνίζεσθαι
ᾅδης, ου, ὁ Hades
**ἀετός, οῦ, ὁ a??
ἀήρ, έρος, ὁ air
ἄθεος, ου, ὁ, ἡ atheist
ἄθεος, ον atheistic
ἄθλησις, εως, ἡ (athletic toil) misery
αἴνιγμα, ατος, τό enigma
αἵρεσις, έσεως, ἡ heresy, division, sect
αἱρετικός, ή, όν heretical, divisive
αἴσθησις, εως, ἡ esthetics, sense
αἰών, ῶνος, ὁ eon, age
ἀλάβαστρος, ου, ὁ and ἡ, also
ἀλάβαστρον, τό alabaster
ἀλληγορῶ
ἀλληγορῆσαι allegorize
ἀλληγορεῖν speak metaphorically
ἀλληγορία, ας, ἡ allegory
ἀνάθεμα, ατος, τό anathema, cursed thing
ἀναθεματίζω
ἀναθεματίσαι anathematize
ἀναθεματίζειν
ἀντίτυπον, ου, τό antitype
ἀντίχριστος, ου, ὁ antichrist
ἀξίωμα, ατος, τό, estimation, opinion, axiom
ἀποκάλυψις , εως, ἡ revelation, apocalypse
ἀπόκρυφος, ον hidden, secret. apocryphal
ἀπολογία, ας, ἡ defence, apology
ἀποστασία, ας, ἡ falling away, apostacy
ἀπόστολος, ου, ὁ apostle
ἀρχάγγελος, ου, ὁ archangel
ἀρχαῖος, αία, αῖον ancient, archaic
ἀρχιτέκτων, ονος, ὁ chiefbuilder, engineer, architect
ἄρωμα, ατος, τό spice. aroma
ἄσβεστος, ου, ἡ unslaked lime; gem. asbestos
ἄσβεστος, ον unquenchable. asbestos
ἡ φλὸξ ἄσβεστος the flame is unquenchable
ὁ ἄσβεστος λύχνος the unquenchable lamp
τὸ πῦρ τὸ ἄσβεστον unquenchable fire
ἀστήρ, έρος, ὁ star. astral
αὐστηρός, ά, όν harsh, severe, austere
αὐτόματος, η, ον self-moved, voluntary. automatic
Β
βαπτίζω
βαπτίσαι
βαπτίζειν
βάπτισμα, ατος, τό
βαπτιστής , οῦ, ὁ
βάρβαρος, ον
βιβλίον, ου, τό
βίβλος, ου, ἡ
βιογραφία, ας, ἡ
βίος, ου, ὁ
βλασφημῶ (impf. ἐβλασφήμουν; 1 aor. ἐβλασφήμησα)
βλασφημῆσαι
βλασφημεῖν
βλασφημία, ας, ἡ
βλάσφημος, ον
**βύρσα, ης, ἡ
Γ
γάγγραινα, ης, ἡ
γέεννα, ης, ἡ
γενεαλογία, ας, ἡ
γένεσις, εως, ἡ
γεράνιον, ου, τό
γνῶσις, εως, ἡ
γραφή, ῆς, ἡ
γυμνάσιον, ου, τό
Δ
δαίμων, ονος, ὁ
δέρμα, ατος, τό
δεσπότης, ου, ὁ
δημοκρᾰτία, ας, ἡ
δημοκρᾰτικός, ή, όν
διάγνωσις, εως, ἡ
διάδημα, ατος, τό
διάκονος, ου, ὁ, ἡ
διαλέγομαι (impf. διελεγόμην, aor. διελεξάμην)
διαλέξασθαι
διαλέγεσθαι
διάλεκτος, ου, ἡ
διάλογος, ου, ὁ
διασπορά, ᾶς, ἡ
διδακτικός, ή, όν
δόγμα, ατος, τό
δράκων, οντος, ὁ
τὸ δρᾶμα, ατος, τό
δυσεντέριον, ου, τό
δῶμα, ατος, τό
δῶρον, ου, τό
Ε
ἐγώ
ἐθνάρχης, ου, ὁ
εἴδωλον , ου, τό
εἰκών , όνος, ἡ
εἰρηνικός , ή, όν
ἑκατόν indecl.
ἐκκλησία, ας, ἡ
ἔκλειψις, εως, ἡ
ἔκστασις, εως, ἡ
ἐλέφας, αντος, ὁ
ἐμῶ 1 aor. ἤμεσα
ἐμέσαι
ἐμεῖν
ἐμπόριον, ου, τό
ἐν prep. w. dat.
ἐνδύω (fut. ἐνδύσω LXX; 1 aor. ἐνέδυσα)
(ἐν-δύω and -δύνω [ῡ], with Med. ἐνδύομαι, f. -δύσομαι, aor. 1
-εδυσάμην and aor. 2 act. -έδυν)
ἐνδῦσαι
ἐνδύειν
ἐνδύσασθαι
ἐνδύεσθαι
ἐνέργεια, ας, ἡ
ἔξοδος, ου, ἡ
ἐξορκίζω (fut. ἐξορκιῶ and ἐξορκίσω)
ἐξορκίσαι (?)
ἐξορκίζειν
ἐξορκιστής, οῦ, ὁ
ἐπίγραμμα, ατος, τό
ἐπιγραφή, ῆς, ἡ
ἐπισκοπή, ῆς, ἡ
ἐπιστολή, ῆς, ἡ
ἐπιφάνεια, ας, ἡ
ἔσχατον, ου, τό
εὐαγγελίζω (fut. εὐαγγελιῶ; 1 aor. εὐηγγέλισα)
εὐαγγελίσαι
εὐαγγελίζειν
εὐαγγελίζομαιω
εὐαγγελίσασθαι
εὐαγγελίζεσθαι
εὐαγγελιστής, οῦ, ὁ
εὐαγγέλιον, ου, τό
εὐγενής, ές, gen. οῦς
εὐλογῶ (impf. ηὐλόγουν and εὐλόγουν; fut. εὐλογήσω; 1 aor. εὐλόγησα)
εὐλογῆσαι
εὐλογεῖν
εὐλογία, ας, ἡ
εὐνοῦχος, ου, ὁ
εὐφημία, ας, ἡ
εὐχαριστία, ας, ἡ
Ζ
ζηλεύω
ζηλεῦσαι
ζηλεύειν
ζῆλος, ου, ὁ (and ζῆλος, ους, τό in NT masc)
ζηλῶ (fut. ζηλώσω; 1 aor. ἐζήλωσα)
ζηλῶσαι
ζηλοῦν
ζηλωτής, οῦ, ὁ
ζώνη, ης, ἡ
ζῷον, ου, τό
Η
ἡγεμονία, ας, ἡ
**ἡγεμών, όνος, ὁ
Θ
θέατρον, ου, τό
**θεμέλιος, ου, ὁ
θεολογία, ας, ἡ
θεολόγος, ου, ὁ
θεός, οῦ, ὁ, ἡ
θεραπεία, ας, ἡ
θερμός, ή, όν
θρόμβος, ου, ὁ
θρόνος, ου, ὁ
θώραξ, ακος, ὁ
Ι
ἰουδαΐζω
ἰουδαΐσαι
ἰουδαΐζειν
ἱπποπόταμος, ου, ὁ (, ἡ?)
ἰχνεύμων, ονος, ὁ
Κ
καθαρισμός, οῦ, ὁ
Καῖσαρ, αρος, ὁ
καλῶ (impf. ἐκάλουν; fut. καλέσω; 1 aor. ἐκάλεσα)
καλέσαι
καλεῖν
κάμηλος, ου, ὁ and ἡ
κανών, όνος, ὁ
κατακλυσμός, οῦ, ὁ
καταλέγω
καταλέξαι
καταλέγειν
κατάλογος, ου, ὁ
κατάλῠσις, εως, ἡ
καταστροφή, ῆς, ἡ
καῦσις, εως, ἡ
κεντυρίων, ωνος, ὁ
κεραμικός, ή, όν
κήρυγμα, ατος, τό
κίνησις, εως, ἡ
κοινωνία, ας, ἡ
κολωνία, ας, ἡ
κόσμος, ου, ὁ
κρανίον, ου, τό
κρίσις [ῐ], εως, ἡ
κύμβαλον, ου, τό
κῶμα, ατος, τό
Λ
λᾰβύρινθος [ῠ], ου, ὁ
λαμπάς, άδος, ἡ
λάμπω (fut. λάμψω; 1 aor. ἔλαμψα)
λάμψαι
λάμπειν
λάρυγξ, γγος, ὁ
λεγιών, ῶνος, ἡ
λέπρα, ας, ἡ
λεπρός, οῦ, ὁ
λέων, οντος, ὁ
λίνον, ου, τό
λογικός, ή, όν
λόγιον, ου, τό
Μ
μαγεία, ας, ἡ
μαγεύω
μαγεῦσαι
μαγεύειν
μάγος, οὑ, ὁ
μάμμη, ης, ἡ
μαμωνᾶς, ᾶ, ὁ
μανία, ας, ἡ
μᾰνῐκός, ή, όν
μάννα, τό indecl.
μάρτυς, μάρτυρος, ὁ
μεταμορφοῦμαι (usually not active)
μεταμορφωθῆναι
μεταμορφοῦσθαι
μεταφορά, ᾶς, ἡ
μέτρον, ου, τό
μίλιον, ου, τό
μῖμος, ου, ὁ
μιμοῦμαι (impv. μιμοῦ; impf. ἐμιμούμην; fut. μιμήσομαι; 1 aor. ἐμιμησάμην)
μιμήσασθαι
μιμεῖσθαι
μόρφωσις, εως, ἡ
Μοῦσα, ης, ἡ
μουσικός, οῦ, ὁ
μῦθος, ου, ὁ
μύλος, ου, ὁ
μυριάς, άδος, ἡ
μῦς, μυός, ὁ
μυστήριον, ου, τό
μωρός, οῦ, ὁ
Ν
ναῦς, ἡ (νηός [Ep.] or νεώς [Att.], νηί, ναῦν [ΝΤ] or νήα [Pseud],
νῆες, νηῶν, ναυσί, νῆας [Ep.] or ναῦς [Att.])
ναυτία, ας, ἡ (= Lat. nausea)
ναυτικός, ή, όν
νάφθα, ης, ἡ (θα - short α)
νέκταρ, ᾰρος, τό
νέμεσις, εως, ἡ
Ο
ὅμοιος, οία, οιον
ὄρνις, ιθος, ὁ and ἡ
ὀρφανός, οῦ, ὁ
ὀρχήστρα, ας, ἡ
ὀστ εον/ὀστοῦν, ὀστοῦ τό
ὄψις, εως, ἡ
ὀφθαλμός, οῦ, ὁ
Π
πάνθηρ, ηρος, ὁ
παραβολή, ῆς, ἡ
παράδεισος, ου, ὁ
παράδοξος, ον
παράκλητος, ου, ὁ
παράλῠσις, εως, ἡ
παραλῠτικός, ή, όν
παράνοιᾰ, ας, ἡ
παρουσία, ας, ἡ
πατριάρχης, ου, ὁ
παύω
παῦσαι
παύειν
πεντηκοστή, ῆς, ἡ
περίμετρον, ου, τό
πέτρα, ας, ἡ
πλάξ, πλακός, ἡ
πλαστός, ή, όν
πληγή, ῆς, ἡ
πλήρωμα, ατος, τό
πλοῦτος, ου, ὁ (plutocracy)
πνευματικός, ή, όν
πόλεμος, ου, ὁ
πόλις, εως, ἡ
πολίτης [ῑ], ου, ὁ
πολῑτῐκός, ή, όν
πολῖτις, ιδος, ἡ (fem. of πολίτης)
πολύπους, πολύποδος, ὁ, ἡ (neut.πολύπουν: acc. masc. πολύποδα: pl.
neut. πολύποδα)
πορνογραφία, ας, ἡ
πρεσβύτης, ου, ὁ
πρόγνωσις, εως, ἡ
προσήλυτος, ου, ὁ
προφητεία, ας, ἡ
προφητεύω (impf. ἐπροφήτευον; fut. προφητεύσω; 1 aor. ἐπροφήτευσα)
προφητεῦσαι
προφητεύειν
προφήτης, ου, ὁ
προφητικός, ή, όν
προφῆτις, ιδος, ἡ
πυλών, ῶνος, ὁ
Ρ
ῥαίνω (fut. ῥᾰνῶ; aor. 1 ἔρρανα)
ῥάναι (?)
ῥαίνειν
ῥεῦμα, ατος, τό (ῥέω) ([riv]er)
ῥῑνόκερως, ωτος, ὁ
Σ
σανδάλιον, ου, τό
σατάν, ὁ indecl. and σατανᾶς, ᾶ, ὁ
σκανδαλίζω (1 aor. ἐσκανδάλισα)
σκανδαλίσαι (?)
σκανδαλίζειν
σκάνδαλον, ου, τό
σκορπίος, ου, ὁ
σοφία, ας, ἡ
σπένδομαι (σπέδω; fut. σπείσω; aor. 1 ἔσπεισα; pf. ἔσπεικα:
—Med., aor. 1 ἐσπεισάμην;
Pass., aor. 1 ἐσπείσθην: pf. ἔσπεισμαι [used
both in med. and pass. sense])
σπείσασθαι (!)
σπένδεσθαι
σπέρμα, ατος, τό
σπίλος, ου, ὁ
σπόγγος, ου, ὁ
σπορά, ᾶς, ἡ
σπόρος, ου, ὁ
στεῖρα, ας, ἡ
στίγμα, ατος, τό
στοά, ᾶς, ἡ
στόμαχος, ου, ὁ
στῦλος, ου, ὁ
συκομορέα, ας, ἡ
συμπαθής, ές
συμπᾰθῶ (1 aor. συνεπάθησα)
συμπαθῆσαι
συμπαθεῖν
συμπόσιον, ου, τό
συμφωνία, ας, ἡ
συνέδριον, ου, τό
σύνοδος, ου, ἡ
συνώνῠμος, ον
σχῆμα, ατος, τό
σχίσμα, ατος, τό
σχολή, ῆς, ἡ
σωματικός, ή, όν
Τ
ταβέρνη, ης, ἡ
τακτικός, ή, όν
ταῦρος, ου, ὁ
τέχνη, ης, ἡ
τεχνίτης, ου, ὁ
τίτλος, ου, ὁ
τονή, ἡ (?)
τόνος, ὁ
τραῦμα, ατος, τό
τραυματίζω (1 aor. ἐτραυμάτισα)
τραυματίσαι (?)
τραυματίζειν
τρέμω (only in pres. and impf.)
τρέμεσθαι (?)
τρέμειν
τύπος, ου, ὁ
Υ
ὕβρις, εως, ἡ
ὑγιής, ές
ὕμνος, ου, ὁ
ὑπερβολή, ῆς, ἡ
ὑπόκρισις, εως, ἡ
ὑποκριτής, οῦ, ὁ
ὕσσωπος, ου, ἡ and ὁ, also ὕσσωπον, τό
Φ
φαινόμενον, ου, τό
φαντασία, ας, ἡ
φάντασμα, ατος, τό
φαρμακεία, ας, ἡ
φάρμακον, ου, τό
φάρμακος, ου, ὁ
φιλανθρωπία, ας, ἡ
φίλος, η, ον
φιλοσοφία, ας, ἡ
φιλόσοφος, ου, ὁ
φυλακτήριον, ου, τό
φύλαξ, ακος, ὁ
φυλή, ῆς, ἡ (phylum, phyle [pl. phylae], phylesis, phyletic)
φυσικός, ή, όν
Χ
χαρακτήρ, ῆρος, ὁ
χάρισμα, ατος, τό
χάρτης, ου, ὁ
χάσμα, ατος, τό
χορός, οῦ, ὁ
χρῖσμα, ατος, τό (chrism)
Χριστιανός, οῦ, ὁ
Χριστός, οῦ, ὁ
Ψ
ψαλμός, οῦ, ὁ
ψευδής, ές
ψυχή, ῆς, ἡ
ψυχικός, ή, όν
Ω
ὦ (O!)
ᾠδή, ῆς, ἡ
ὠκεανός, οῦ, ὁ
ὥρα, ας, ἡ
ὡσαννά indecl.
--
Randall Buth, PhD
www.biblicalulpan.org
randallbuth at gmail.com
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