[B-Greek] Matthew 28: 19,20
yancywsmith at sbcglobal.net
yancywsmith at sbcglobal.net
Thu Dec 3 22:46:33 EST 2009
I'm no 24 carat grammarian, and don't know much about linguistics, but I would be inclined to see BAPTIZONTES and DIDASKONTES as both modal and adverbial participles describing manner. Can't they be both in Greek? We distinguish these functions in English ... but in Greek, it is a tough call. Of course the first participle POREUQENTES (Mat 28:18) is most likely modal, sharing the mode of the principle verb of its clause. (This is a category used by BDF). Some examples:
Gen 12:19
Why did you say, ‘She is my sister,’ so that I took her for my wife? Now then, here is your wife, take her, and be gone.”
לָמָ֤ה אָמַ֙רְתָּ֙ אֲחֹ֣תִי הִ֔וא וָאֶקַּ֥ח אֹתָ֛הּ לִ֖י לְאִשָּׁ֑ה וְעַתָּ֕ה הִנֵּ֥ה אִשְׁתְּךָ֖ קַ֥ח וָלֵֽךְ׃
laœma® }aœmartaœ }∞hΩoœt◊ˆî hiw} waœ}eqqahΩ }oœt◊a®h lˆî l§}isûsûa® w§{atta® hinne® }isût§k≈aœ qahΩ waœleœk≈:
ἵνα τί εἶπας ὅτι Ἀδελφή μού ἐστιν; καὶ ἔλαβον αὐτὴν ἐμαυτῷ εἰς γυναῖκα. καὶ νῦν ἰδοὺ ἡ γυνή σου ἐναντίον σου· λαβὼν ἀπότρεχε..
hINA TI EIPAS hOTI ADELFH ESTIN? KAI ELABON AUTHN EMAUTWi EIS GUNAIKA. KAI NUN IDOU hH GUNH SOU ENANTION SOU LABWN APOTRECE.
Gen 13:17
Rise up, walk through the length and the breadth of the land, for I will give it to you.
ἀναστὰς διόδευσον τὴν γῆν εἴς τε τὸ μῆκος αὐτῆς καὶ εἰς τὸ πλάτος, ὅτι σοὶ δώσω αὐτήν.
Gen 27:9
Go to the flock, and get me two choice kids
καὶ πορευθεὶς εἰς τὰ πρόβατα λαβέ μοι ἐκεῖθεν δύο ἐρίφους
KAI POREUQEIS EIS TA PROBATA LABE MOI EKEQEN DUO ERIFOUS
Ex 5:18
νῦν οὖν πορευθέντες ἐργάζεσθε·
NUN OUN POREUQENTES ERGAZESQE
About the participles BAPTIZONTES and DIDASKONTES, I imagine that a search for the pattern—imperative verb followed by participles (whose putative agent [subject]) is the same as the imperative verb would be best considered modal as well. Here are some interesting examples:
Mk 9:22
βοήθησον ἡμῖν σπλαγχνισθεὶς ἐφ᾿ ἡμᾶς.
BOHQHSON hHMIN SPLAGCNISQEIS EF' hHMAS (I think this one is a fairly clear example of a modal type participle).
Mk 15:30
σῶσον σεαυτὸν καταβὰς ἀπὸ τοῦ σταυροῦ
SWSON SEAUTON KATABAS APO TOU STAUROU (this one seems modal)
Lk 5:24
ἔγειρε καὶ ἄρας τὸ κλινίδιόν σου πορεύου εἰς τὸν οἶκόν σου
EGEIRE KAI ARAS TO KLINIDION SOU POREUOU EIS TON OIKON SOU (modal)
Lk 10:7
ἐν αὐτῇ δὲ τῇ οἰκίᾳ μένετε ἐσθίοντες καὶ πίνοντες
EN AUTH DE TH OIKIA MENETE ESQIONTES KAI PINONTES (ambiguous).
Has anyone done a more thorough NT/LXX search?
This one was interesting to me. An imperatival noun phrase followed by, among other things, "imperatival" or "modal" participles:
Rom 12:9-12
Ἡ ἀγάπη ἀνυπόκριτος. ἀποστυγοῦντες τὸ πονηρόν, κολλώμενοι τῷ ἀγαθῷ,
τῇ φιλαδελφίᾳ εἰς ἀλλήλους φιλόστοργοι, τῇ τιμῇ ἀλλήλους προηγούμενοι,
τῇ σπουδῇ μὴ ὀκνηροί, τῷ πνεύματι ζέοντες, τῷ κυρίῳ δουλεύοντες,
τῇ ἐλπίδι χαίροντες, τῇ θλίψει ὑπομένοντες, τῇ προσευχῇ προσκαρτεροῦντες,
ταῖς χρείαις τῶν ἁγίων κοινωνοῦντες, τὴν φιλοξενίαν διώκοντες.
hH AGAPH ANUPOKRITOS, APOSTUGOUNTES TO PONHRON, KOLLWMENOI TWi AGAQWi
TH FILADELFIA EIS ALLHLOUS FILOSTORGOI, THi TIMH ALLHLOUS PROHGOUMENOI,
THi SPOUDHi MH OKNHROI, TWi PNEUMATI ZEONTES, TWi KURIW DOULEUONTES,
THi ELPIDI CAIRONTES, THi QLIYEI hUPOMENONTES, THi PROSECHi PROSKARTEROUNTES,
TAIS CREIAIS TWN hAGIWN KOINWNOUNTES, THN FILOXENIAN DIWKONTES.
Yancy Smith, PhD
yancywsmith at sbcglobal.net
Y.W.Smith at tcu.edu
yancy at wbtc.com
5636 Wedgworth Road
Fort Worth, TX 76133
817-361-7565
On Dec 3, 2009, at 5:40 PM, George F Somsel wrote:
> It is a matter of interpretation, but I would understand the participles here as expressing the manner in which they were to perform the action of the main verbs.
>
> george
> gfsomsel
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>
> … search for truth, hear truth,
> learn truth, love truth, speak the truth, hold the truth,
> defend the truth till death.
>
>
> - Jan Hus
> _________
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> ________________________________
> From: Thomas Hagen <thomas.hagen at libero.it>
> To: B-Greek <b-greek at lists.ibiblio.org>
> Sent: Thu, December 3, 2009 4:38:33 PM
> Subject: [B-Greek] Matthew 28: 19,20
>
> Dear B-Greek friends –
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> I have two questions concerning Matthew 28:19, 20.
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> 19 Go ye therefore, and make disciples of all the nations, baptizing them into the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, 20 teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I commanded you: and lo, I am with you always, even unto the end of the world.
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> 19πορευθέντες οὖν μαθητεύσατε πάντα τὰ ἔθνη, βαπτίζοντες αὐτοὺς εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ καὶ τοῦ ἁγίου πνευματος, 20διδάσκοντες αὐτοὺς τηρεῖν πάντα ὅσα ἐνετειλάμην ὑμῖν· καὶ ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ μετ' ὑμῶν εἰμὶ πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας ἕως τῆς συντελείας τοῦ αἰῶνος.
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> 19POREUQENTES OUN MAQHTEUSATE PANTA TA EQNH, BAPTIZONTES AUTOUS EIS TO ONOMA TOU PATROS KAI TOU hUIOU KAI TOU hAGIOU PNEUMATOS,
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> 20 DIDASKONTES AUTOUS THREIN PANTA hOSA ENETEILAMHN UMIN· KAI IDOU EGW MET' UMWN EIMI PASAS TAS hHMERAS hEWS THS SUNTELEIAS TOU AIWNOS.
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> The first question concerns the participles βαπτίζοντες / BAPTIZONTES and διδάσκοντες / DIDASKONTES. I would like to ask if these participles are causal or descriptive; that is, do they explain how disciples are to be made (by baptizing… and by teaching…) or do they describe what accompanies the making of disciples (baptism and teaching). There may not be a great difference between the two, but if Greek makes such a difference I would like to know.
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> The second question concerns the meaning of τηρεῖν / THREIN in verse 20. I would like to know if in this context it means keep in the sense of “putting into practice” or in the sense of “preserving, conserving, guarding carefully so as not to lose”.
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> I hope I have succeeded in clearly explaining my questions. Thank you for any enlightenment you can give me.
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> Thomas Hagen
>
> Livorno, Italy
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