From: Paul Toseland (patoseland1@cableinet.co.uk)
Date: Fri Oct 06 2000 - 12:43:45 EDT
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---Return-Path: <paul@toseland.f9.co.uk> Received: from blueyonder.co.uk ([195.188.53.123]) by franklin.oit.unc.edu with SMTP (Lyris List Manager SOLARIS/SPARC version 4.0); Fri, 06 Oct 2000 10:19:33 -0400 Received: from toseland.f9.co.uk ([213.48.100.65]) by blueyonder.co.uk with Microsoft SMTPSVC(5.5.1877.197.19); Fri, 6 Oct 2000 15:20:52 +0100 Message-ID: <39DDDEF0.3F7BDC75@toseland.f9.co.uk> Date: Fri, 06 Oct 2000 15:17:20 +0100 From: Paul Toseland <paul@toseland.f9.co.uk> Reply-To: clayton stirling bartholomew <c.s.bartholomew@worldnet.att.net> X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.72 [en] (WinNT; U) X-Accept-Language: en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: Biblical Greek <b-greek@franklin.oit.unc.edu> Subject: 'Intensive' KAI?? (2 Cor 3:6) Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Return-Path: paul@toseland.f9.co.uk
2 Cor 3:6
hOS KAI hIKANWSEN hHMAS DIAKONOUS KAINHS DIAQHKHS ...
My interest is in the syntactical function of KAI.
The NASB takes KAI in the sense 'also': 'who has also made us adequate as servants of a new covenant'. The difficulty then is to determine the antecedent of KAI. The language of 2:16b (KAI PROS TAUTA TIS hIKANOS?) echoes Exod 4:10 LXX, Moses' call narrative, and the hIKANOS language is picked up again in 3:5, as well as 3:6; so perhaps the implication might be that, just as God made Moses competent for his ministry, so also he has made Paul competent for his. But there is no *explicit* reference to Moses in the preceding context (2:14-3:5), and this would demand quite a lot of the readers.
The NRSV ignores KAI altogether: 'who has made us competent to be ministers of a new covenant' - as do e.g. NIV, and many commentators. The NEB seems to take KAI as adding emphasis to hOS: 'It is he who has qualified us to dispense his new covenant ...' Thrall* suggests that the function of KAI is actually to emphasize the whole relative clause.
I suspect that KAI should be understood as confirmatory: 'Our competence is from God, who has indeed made us competent ...'; and the confirmation then has the *effect* of emphasizing the relative clause. However, Levinsohn** defines KAI as an additive particle, and makes no mention of an emphatic role. Nor does BAGD mention such a category.
I would like to canvass opinion on the notion of 'Intensive KAI'. Is KAI ever purely intensive? Does KAI ever have the role of adding emphasis to to a following (or preceding) word or phrase, or a whole clause, other than as a consequence of introducing a confirmation of a point already made?
Thanks.
Paul Toseland
* Thrall, M. E., 1994, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Second Epistle to the Corinthians, Vol. 1, ICC, Edinburgh: T&T Clark, pp 230-31 n 288. ** Levinsohn, S. H., Discourse Features of New Testament Greek, 2nd edition, SIL 2000, pp 95-106.
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