At 04:11 PM 6/17/98 +0000, Steve Long wrote: >>>> >At 02:05 PM 6/17/98 -0700, you wrote: >>According to the Johannine Gospel account, EDAKRUSEN hO IHSOUS when he >>arrived at the tomb of Lazarus. The question I have is, WHY?? Why did >>Jesus weep before resurrecting Lazarus? The TEV indicates that he was >>"touched" by the weeping of Martha, Mary, and the Jews present >>consoling them. Others (Murray, Borchert) say that Jesus wept out of >>anger. <<<<<<<< Is DAKRUW ever used in the sense of "weeping in anger"? I haven't checked the source documents, but this doesn't seem to be the sense of the word in Louw & Nida nor in the LSJ entry: http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/lexindex?lookup=dakru/w >>>> The interpretation of this verse seems to hinge on John 11:33, >>38: >> >>ENEBRIMHSATO TW PNEUMATI KAI ETARAZEN hEAUTON >> >>PALIN EMBRIMWMENOS. <<<<<<<< Louw and Nida have the following definition for EMBRIMAOMAI: "to have an intense, strong feeling of concern, often with the implication of indignation - `to feel strongly, to be indignant.'" LSJ gives this gloss with respect to these verses: 2. of persons, to be deeply moved, t™i pneumati, en heaut™i, Ev.Jo.11.33,au=Ev.Jo. 11.38=lr. I'm inclined to agree with the above gloss. I notice that Aeschylus uses the verb to describe the sound that horses make (hippous d' en ampuktrsin embrim™menas - Perseus translates this: "He whirls his horses as they snort through their bridles, eager to fall against the gate.") I can imagine the way someone crying sucks in air through the nose while they sob when I read that passage, and think of how similar that is to a horse snorting in air through the nose as they run. I'm not sure of an English word that encompasses both, but think of this as a verb that expresses the NOISE of crying. An English word that does that is "bawl". To bawl AT someone is different from bawling - the first indicates anger, the second does not. It is plausible to me that this would be true of the Greek verb as well. To be clear, here's the guess that I'm making: (1) EMBRIMAOMAI TWi PNEUMATI or EMBRIMAOMAI EN hEAUTWi are similar to the English 'bawling', without any implication of anger or indignation, just an indication of the strength of the sobbing involved. (2) the same verb directed AT someone else does have the feeling of anger or indignation. Note that this lines up reasonably well with the three senses of the verb given by Louw & Nida: a insist sternly 33.320 [L&N...3169] b scold 33.421 [L&N...3270] c feel strongly 25.56 [L&N...2136] This would tend to argue for a conventional understanding of the verse. Jonathan ___________________________________________________________________________ Jonathan Robie jwrobie@mindspring.com Little Greek Home Page: http://sunsite.unc.edu/koine Little Greek 101: http://sunsite.unc.edu/koine/greek/lessons B-Greek Home Page: http://sunsite.unc.edu/bgreek B-Greek Archives: http://sunsite.unc.edu/bgreek/archives --- b-greek home page: http://sunsite.unc.edu/bgreek To post a message to the list, mailto:b-greek@franklin.oit.unc.edu To subscribe, mailto:subscribe-b-greek@franklin.oit.unc.edu To unsubscribe, mailto:unsubscribe-b-greek@franklin.oit.unc.edu?subject=[cwconrad@artsci.wustl.edu]