
Flora of the Carolinas and Virginia, Working Draft of 1 January 1997 -- Gymnosperms Alan S. Weakley.
Copyright - Alan S. Weakley, 1998, 1999. All Rights Reserved.
PINACEAE (Pine Family)
References: Thieret in FNA (1993), Price (1989), abbreviated as Z.
1. Leaves flat and linear.....2
1. Leaves needle-like, angular rather than flat in cross-section.....3
2. Leaves attached directly to twig; cones 4-5 cm long, erect.....Abies
2. Leaves jointed, on short, persistent base; cones 1-3.8 cm long, pendent.....Tsuga
3. Leaves borne singly, 4-sided.....Picea
3. Leaves either borne on short spur-shoots or in fascicles of 2-5, rounded to somewhat flattened in cross-section, but not 4-sided.....4
4. Leaves evergreen, more than 3 cm long, borne in fascicles of 2-5.....Pinus
4. Leaves deciduous or evergreen, less than 3 cm long, borne on short spur-shoots......5
5. Leaves evergreen; cones 6-12 cm long.....Cedrus
5. Leaves deciduous; cones 1-2 cm long.....Larix