
Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas - Radford, Ahles, Bell
Copyright - UNC Press 1998, 1999. All Rights Reserved.
3. JUNIPERUS L. JUNIPER
Dioecious, evergreen trees or shrubs; mature female cones berry-like, of fused sporophylls; leaves scale-like in alternating pairs or linear subulate in whorls of 3; pollen simple; seeds wingless.
- Shrub leaves in whorls of three flattened subulate with up turned edges, a white line on upper surface: berry-like female
cones 6-10 mm in diam., maturing second year..... 1. J. communis.
- Tree leaves short scales in close-set alternating overlapping pairs forming 4-sided twigs except in juveniles where leaves are longer, flat pointed more distant, and in whorls of 3; berry-like cones less than 6 mm in diam., and maturing first year.