
Manual of the Southeastern Flora - Small
Copyright - UNC Press 1998, 1999. All Rights Reserved.
1. ORDER PINALES - PINAL ORDER
Shrubs or trees. Leaves scale-like, narrow, or needle-like, and often borne in bundles. Flowers mainly monoecious, the cones of spirally imbricate bracts, or in Taxaceae the ovulate flowers often solitary. Seed borne in a cone of dry or fleshy scales, or partly or wholly naked. - group developed later and more highly organized than the CYCADALES.
- Ovulate flowers several with carpellary scales, these sometimes bracted: cone with either dry or fleshy scales.
- Carpellary scales with bracts, not peltate: ovules inverted: buds scaly: wing accompanying the seed a portion of the carpellary scale..... Fam.1. PINACEAE.
- Carpellary scales without bracts, mostly peltate, or fleshy: ovules erect: buds naked: wing of the seed when present a portion of the testa..... Fam. 2. JUNIPERACEAE.
- Ovulate flowers solitary or 2, without carpellary scales: cone drupaceous or baccate..... Fam. 3. TAXACEAE.