
Manual of the Southeastern Flora - Small
Copyright - UNC Press 1998, 1999. All Rights Reserved.
1. P. australis Michx. f. Tree becoming 40 m. tall, irregularly branched above, the bark in large plates: leaves typically in 3's, 20-40 cm. long, bright-green, borne in terminal plumes, on twigs about 1 cm. in diameter: staminate ament 5.5-8 cm. long: cone 16-25 cm. long, ascending when young, narrowly conic when closed, broadly conic when open, each scale-appendage with a recurved spine: seed 12-13 mm. long, the wing 4.5-5 cm. long. [P. palustris (F1. SE. U. S.)] - (LONG-LEAF PINE. LONG-STRAW PINE. YELLOW-PINE. GEORGIA-PINE. SOUTHERN-PINE. PITCH-PINE.) - Sandy soil, usually dry and acid, Coastal Plain and rarely adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., N Ala. and S Va. - The Giant of our pines, as well as the one with the longest leaves and the largest cones. A timber tree of the first importance, and the principal source of rosin and turpentine in the U. S.
2. P. caribaea Morelet. Tree usually smaller than P. australis: leaves in 2's or 3's, 18-30 cm. long (rarely shorter), bright-green, on twigs about 5 mm. in diameter: staminate ament 2 5-4 cm. long: half mature ovulate ament ascending: cone 8-15 cm. long, recurving when young, cylindric-conic when closed, cylindric or ovoid-cylindric when open: each scale-appendage turgid: seed 4-7 mm. long, the wing 2-2.5 cm. long, or smaller. - (SLASH-PINE. CARIBBEAN-PINE. ROCK-PINE.) - Dry sandy or rocky soil, often calcareous, pen. Fla. and the lower Keys, extending near the coast to Miss. And Ga. - (W. I.) - The only pine growing naturally on the Florida Keys.
3. P. palustris Mill. Tree becoming 30 m. tall: leaves in 2's or 3's, deep-green: l staminate ament 3.5-5 cm. long: half mature ovulate ament recurved: cone 8-12 cm. long, narrowly ovoid when closed, broadly ovoid when open, each scale-appendage very prominent: seed 6-8 mm. long, the wing 2-3 cm. long. [P Elliottii Engelm.] - (SLASH-PINE. SWAMP-PINE.) - Shallow ponds, swamps, and low grounds, often acid, Coastal Plain, C Fla. to E La. and S. C. - Inhabiting the lower or wet situations within the range of P. australis, and thriving under the influence of either salt or fresh water. The cones are about as long as those of the next preceding species, but broader.
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4. P. taeda L. Tree becoming 45 m. tall, the dark bark deeply furrowed, very rough, exfoliating in coarse plates: leaves in 3's, glaucous, 15-28 cm. long: cone 10-13 cm. long, broadly conic when closed, ovoid or conic-cylindric when open, the scale-appendages thick, projecting little, if at all, beyond the small spine: seed 6 7 mm. long, the wing about 2 cm. long. - (LOBLOLLY-PINE. SHORT-LEAF PINE. OLDFIELD-PINE.) - Sandy or clay soil, frequently acid, Coastal Plain and rarely adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ark., Tenn., and S N. J. - After the manner of a weed completely foresting abandoned cultivated lands.
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5. P. heterophylla (Eli.) Sudw. Tree becoming 35 m. tall, the pale bark shallowly furrowed: leaves in 2's or 3's, glaucous, 12-25 cm. long, often stouter than in P. Taeda: cone 9-14 cm. long, conic when closed, ellipsoid or ovoid-cylindric when open, the scale-appendages thin, projecting beyond the slender spine: seed 5-7 mm. long, the wing 2-2.5 cm. long. - (POND-PINE. SLASH-PINE.) - Sandy swamps, near the coast, Ga. and S. C. - It produces the palest bark and the softest wood of our pines and has the most restricted range.
6. P. serotina Michx. Tree becoming 25 m. tall, with many short irregular branches near the base, the bark flaky: leaves in 3's, glaucous, 15-28 cm. Iong, crowded; sheath about 12 mm. long: staminate ament 1.5-2 cm. long: cone 4-6 cm. long, ovoid or globular-ovoid when closed, very broad when open, each scale with a thick appendage and a minute spine: seed 3-4 mm. long, the wing cm. long. - (BLACK-PINE. POND-PINE. MARSH-PINE.) - Sandy swamps and shallow ponds, frequently acid, Coastal Plain, Fla. and Ala. to S N. J. - The cones are much shorter and thicker than in its relatives.
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7. P. glabra Walt. Tree becoming 40 m. tall, with a relatively smooth grayish bark: leaves in 2's, glaucous, 4-8 cm. long, very slender; sheath 5-8 mm. long: staminate ament about 1 cm. long: cone 3.5-5 cm. long, conic when closed, ovoid when open, each appendage with a minute or almost obsolete spine: seed about 4 mm. long, the wing usually 1.5 cm. long. - (SPRUCE-PINE. CEDAR-PINE. WHITE-PINE. WALTER'S-PINE.) - Hammocks, bluffs and bottoms, Coastal Plain, N Pla. to E La. and S. C. - Readily distinguished by the smooth bark, the very slender leaves, and the small nearly unarmed cones.
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8. P. echinata Mill. Tree up to 40 m. tall, the bark splitting into angular plates: leaves in 2's or occasionally in 3's, deep-green, 8-12 cm. long, slender; sheath 10-15 mm. long: cone 3.5-6.5 cm. long, conic when closed, ovoid when open, each appendage with a slender spine: seed 4-5 mm. long, the wing 1.5-2 cm. long. [P. mitis Michx.] - (SHORT-LEAF PINE. YELLOW-PINE. FOXTAIL-PINE.) - Dry sterile and frequently acid soils, various provinces, N Fla. to Tex., SE Kans., Ind., and S N.Y. - This wide-ranging species may be distinguished from its associates by its slender leaves.
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9. P. clausa (Engelm.) Vasey. Tree becoming 24 m. tall, the bark relatively: smooth: leaves in 2's, deep-green, 4-8 cm. long, very slender; sheath 5-7 mm. long: cone 4.5-6 cm. long, conic when closed, ovoid when open, each scale appendage with a stout spine near the middle: seed 4 mm. long, the wing about 1.5 cm. long. - (SAND-PINE. SPRUCE-PINE.) - Acid sand-ridges and dunes near the coast, and scrublands, Fla. and adj. Ala. - May be recognized by the numerous slender leaves and the persistent cones which are often slow to open.
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10. P. virginiana Mill. Tree becoming 36 m. tall, the bark rough and the branches sinuous, the twigs glaucous: leaves in 2's, deep-green, 4-7 cm. long, rather stout; sheath 5-8 mm. long: cone 5-7 cm. long, narrowly conic when closed, ovoid when open, each scale-appendage with a curved spine: seed 4-5 mm. long, the wing fully 1.0 cm. long. [P. inops Ait.] - (SCRUB-PINE. JERSEY-PINE. POVERTY-PINE.) - Dry sterile soils, various provinces, C Ga. to E Miss., S Ind. and S N. Y. - Characterized by its short stubby leaves and medium-sized cones.
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11. P. rigida Mill. Tree becoming 25 m. tall, with stiff branches, the bark very rough, the twigs yellow: leaves in 3's, bright-green, 6-12 cm. long, rather stout; sheath 10-lo mm. long: cone - 7 cm. long, ovoid when closed, globose ovoid or depressed when open, the scale-appendages relatively thin, each with a recurved spine: seed 4-4.5 mm. long, the wing about 1.5 cm. long. - (PITCH PINE.) - Sterile and usually acid soils, various provinces, N Ga. to Out. and N. B.
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12. P. pungens Lamb. Tree becoming 18 m. tall, the bark rather smooth, but flaky: leaves in 2's, bright-green, 5-10 cm. long, stout, rigid: cone 8-12 cm. long, very persistent, ovoid when closed, globose-ovoid or depressed when open, the scale-appendages very thick, each with a stout incurved spine: seed 6-7 mm. long, the wing fully 2 cm. long. - (TABLE-MOUNTAIN PINE. TABLE-ROCK PINE. MOUNTAIN-PINE.) - Rocky acid soil and cliffs, Piedmont to Appalachian provinces, N Ga. to Pa. and N. J. - Has stout leaves and very stout cones with prominently armed scales. Cones often persist on the branches for many years.
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