Tannin Bearing Glands.   Tannin producing glands found in various parts of the plant, presumably protective in some structures


Tap.   Persistent, well-developed primary root


Tendril.   Long, slender, coiling branch, adapted for climbing (most tendrils are leaf structures)


Tentacular.   Glandular-haired or tentacle-bearing insectivorous leaf, as in Drosera


Tepal.   A member or segment of perianth in which the parts are not differentiated into distinct sepals and petals


Terete.   Cylindrical and elongate


Tergeminate.   With three orders of leaflets, each bifoliolate, or with geminate leaflets ternately compound


Terminal.   At apex or end of stem. Terminal Bud Scale Scar Rings - Several marks in a ring indicating former places of attachment of bud scales


Ternately Compound.   With leaflets in three's


Tessellated.   Color arranged in small squares, so as to have some resemblance to a checkered pavement


Testa.   The outer, commonly hard and brittle seed-coat


Tetracyclic.   Four-whorled


Tetrad.   Pollen grains in clusters of four


Tetradynamous.   With stamens in two groups, usually four long and two short


Tetragonal.   Four-angled


Tetrahedral.   Having the form of a tetrahedron


Tetralocular.   Four-locular


Tetramerous.   Whorl with four members


Tetrandrous.   With four stamens


Tetrastichous.   Leaves or other structures in four rows


Theca.   One half of anther containing two pollen sacs or male sporangia


Thorn.   A sharp-pointed branch


Throat.   An open, expanded tube in the perianth


Thyrse.   A many-flowered inflorencence with an indeterminate central axis and with many opposite lateral dichasia


Tiller.   A grass shoot produced from the base of the stem


Tomentose.   Covered with dense, interwoven trichomes


Torose.   Cylindrical with contractions at intervals


Tortuous.   Irregularly twisted


Trailing.   Sprawling on ground, usually with adventitious roots


Transverse or Explanate.  At rightangles to long axis


Tree.   A tall, woody perennial plant usually with a single trunk


Triangular.   With three sides and three angles


Tricarpellate.   Three-carpellate


Trichome.   A leaf or stem surface hair


Tricyclic.   Three-whorled


Tridynamous.   With stamens in two equal groups of three


Trifid.   Cut or divided into three lobes or parts


Triflorous.   Three-flowered


Trifoliate.   Three-leaved


Trifoliolate.   With three leaflets


Trifurcate.   Divided into three forks or branches; three-forked


Trigonous.   Three-angled


Triheteranthous.   Having different states in three different sets of flowers, only one state present in each set


Triheterophytous.   Having different states in three different sets of plants, only one state present in each set


Trilete Spore.   Basically tetrahedral, but often appearing round or triangular, with three scar lines forming a Y


Trimerous.   Whorl with three members


Trimorphic.   Having three different shapes and/or sizes within the same species


Trioecious.   Plants staminate, pistillate or perfect


Tripalmately Compound.   With three orders of leaflets, each palmately compound


Tripinnately Compound.   With three orders of leaflets, each pinnately compound


Triquetrous.   Three-angled with the sides usually concave


Tristichous.   Leaves or other structures in three rows


Triternate.   With three orders of leaflets, each ternately compound


Trullate.   With widest axis below middle and with straight margins; ovate but margins straight and angled below middle, trowel-shaped


Truncate.   Cut straight across; ending abruptly almost at right angles to midrib or midvein


Tryma (Involucre).   Two-four loculed nut surrounded by a dehiscent involucre at maturity, as in most species of Carya


Tube.   Cylindrical part


Tuber.   A thick storage stem, usually not upright


Tuberculate.   With hard, swollen, persistent base or tubercle. Tuberculate or Verrucose - With a warty surface


Tubercules.   Silica deposits on the stem ridges, as in Equisetum


Tuberous.   Fleshy roots resembling stem tubers


Tubular.   Cylindrical


Turbinate.   Top-shaped; obconic


Turgid.   Tumid or swollen


Turion.   An over-wintering bud, as in Lemna


Twining.   Twisted around a central axis


Umbel.   A determinate or indeterminate flat-topped or convex inflorescence with the pedicels arising at a common point. Compound Umbel - An umbel with primary rays or peduncles arising at a common point with a secondary umbel arising from the tip of the primary rays; a branched umbel


Umbellet.   The secondary umbel in a compound umbel


Umbilicate.   Depressed in the center


Umbo.   Projection, with or without spine or prickle, on the apophysis of the cone scale


Umbonate.   Round with a projection in center


Umbraculate.   Umbrella-shaped, as in Sarracenia


Umbraculiform.   Umbrella-shaped


Undulate.   With a series of vertical curves at right angles to the central axis


Unguiculate.   Clawed


Unicarpellous or Stylodious.   With solitary, free carpel in gynoecium


Unifoliolate.   With a single leaflet with a petiolule distinct from the petiole of the whole leaf, as in Cercis


Unilocular.   One-locular


Uninodal Shoot.   Spring shoot developing from the terminal winter bud and producing only one internode with one whorl of branches at the end; the cones are subterminal at the end of the shoot; e.g., Pinus resinosa


Uniseriate.   One-rowed; in one series


Unisexual.   With only one sex in each flower


Urceolate.   Urn-shaped


Stinging Urent.   With erect, usually long trichomes that produce irritation when touched


Utricle.   A small, bladdery or inflated, one-seeded, dry fruit.


Vallecular Canal.   A canal beneath a stem groove


Valvate.   Sides enrolled, adaxially or abaxially so that margins touch


Valvular.   Dehiscing through a pore covered by a flap of tissue. Valvular or Septifragal Capsule - One with valves breaking away from the septa, as in Ipomoea


Variegated.   The color disposed in various irregular, sinuous, spaces


Bundle or Trace Scar.  Vascular Bundle or Trace Scar A mark indicating former place of attachment within the leaf scar of the vascular bundle or trace


Vegetative Frond.   Frond lacking sporangia


Velum.   The membranous flap covering the sporangium, as in Isoetes


Velutinous.   Covered with dense, straight, long and soft trichomes; pile-like


Ventral.   Pertaining to the surface nearest the axis; inner face of an organ; the upper surface of the leaf; adaxial. Ventral Side - Top side or upper side of a perianth part


Ventricose.   Inflated on one side near the middle


Ventristipular.   On ventral side of stipule


Vermiform.   Worm-shaped


Vernal.   Appearing in spring


Verrucose.   Warty


Versatile.   Dorsifixed but anther seemingly swinging free on the filament


Verticillaster.   Whorled dichasia at the nodes of an elongate rachis


Vespertine.   With flowers opening in the evening or night; appearing or expanding in the evening


Vestigial.   Minute; a remnant


Vexillate.   Having one structure larger than others which is folded over smaller enclosed structures


Villosulous.   Minutely villous


Villous.   Covered with long, soft, crooked trichomes


Vine or Liana.   An elongate, weak-stemmed, often climbing annual or perennial plant, with herbaceous or woody texture


Virgate.   Wand-like; long, slender, and straight


Viscid.   Sticky or glutinous


Whorl.   A cyclic or acyclic group of sepals, or petals, or stamens, or carpels


Whorled, Radiate, or Verticillate.   Three or more leaves or other structures per node


Wing.   Lateral petals, as in the Fabaceae; a flattened extension, appendage or projection from a perianth part


Winged.   With flattened blade-like margins. Winged Nut (Bract) - Nut enclosed in a winglike bract, as in Carpinus


Wood.   Xylem consisting of vessels and/or tracheids, fibers, and parenchyma cells


Woody.   Hard and lignified


Zoned.   The same as ocellated, but the concentric bands more numerous


Zonocaulous.   With branches intermittently spaced along main stem


Zygomorphic or Bilateral.   With floral parts in two symmetrical halves