Subject: [SANET-MG] Water-Quality Data for Pharmaceuticals, Hormones, and Organic Wastewater Contaminants in U.S. Streams

From: Steve Diver <[email-masked]>
Date: Fri, 23 Apr 2004 13:12:42 -0500

Recently I attended a lecture that addressed influence of xenobiotics
on water quality and human health, referring to endocrine disrupting
chemicals (EDCs).

These include:

Pesticides
Pharmaceuticals
Veterinary / human antibiotics
Industrial / household compounds
Hormones and sterols

A few more pieces of information have come to my attention.

During 1999-2000, a reconnaissance of United States water resources by
the U.S. Geological Survey for pharmaceuticals and other wastewater
contaminants indicated that 80% of the streams (139 streams from 30 states)
sampled had measurable levels of contamination.

These findings were said to be reminiscent of Rachael Carson's "Silent
Spring"
with regards to the potential impact of these compounds to our environment.

Here's a few resources to add to your environmental toolbox.

Regards,

Steve Diver

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1.

A xenobiotic (Greek, xenos  foreign ; bios  life ) is a compound that is
foreign to a living organism. Principal xenobiotics include: drugs;
carcinogens; and various compounds that have been introduced into the
environment by artificial means. (1997)
http://www.iupac.org/goldbook/XT06755a.pdf

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2.

Water-Quality Data for Pharmaceuticals, Hormones, and Other Organic
Wastewater Contaminants in U.S. Streams, 1999-2000

By Kimberlee K. Barnes, Dana W. Kolpin, Micheal T. Meyer, E. Micheal
Thurman, Edward T. Furlong, Steven D. Zaugg, and Larry B. Barber

USGS Open-File Report 02-94 | Published in 2002

http://toxics.usgs.gov/pubs/OFR-02-94/

        ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

Figure 2. Most frequently detected compounds
http://toxics.usgs.gov/pubs/OFR-02-94/figure2.html

        ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

Introduction

Little is known about the extent of environmental occurrence, transport,
and ultimate fate of many synthetic organic chemicals after their intended
use, particularly pharmaceuticals and personal care products that are
designed to stimulate a physiological response in humans, plants, and
animals...

organic wastewater contaminants (OWCs)

Analytical methods targeted broad categories of OWC's (Tables 2-6):

antibiotic compounds
human prescription and nonprescription drugs and their metabolites
pesticides
industrial chemicals
steroids and hormones

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3.

Pharmaceuticals, Hormones, and Other Organic Wastewater Contaminants
in U.S. Streams
USGS Fact Sheet FS-027-02 | June 2002
http://toxics.usgs.gov/pubs/FS-027-02/index.html

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4.

Pharmaceuticals, Hormones, and Other Organic Wastewater Contaminants
in U.S. Streams, 1999-2000: A National Reconnaissance
Dana W. Kolpin, Edward T. Furlong, Michael T. Meyer, E. Michael Thurman,
Steven D. Zaugg, Larry B. Barber, and Herbert T. Buxton
Environ. Sci. Technol.; 2002; 36(6) pp 1202 - 1211;
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es011055j

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5.

Research on Emerging Water Quality Issues
USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program
http://toxics.usgs.gov/regional/emc.html

National Reconnaissance of Emerging Contaminants in the Nation's Water
Resources

=================================================
6.

Drugging Our Water - We Flush It, Then We Drink It
by Melissa Knopper
http://www.emagazine.com/january-february_2003/0103gl_health.html

Pharmaceuticals in Drinking Water Supplies
by Kelly A. Reynolds
Water Conditioning and Purification Magazine
June 2003: Volume 45, Number 6
http://www.wcp.net/column.cfm?T=T&ID=2199

=================================================
7.

Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry, MS/MS and Time of Flight
MS: Analyses of Emerging Contaminants
Edited by I. Ferrer and E. M. Thurman
Oxford University Press, New York
American Chemical Society Symposium Series 850. 2003. 415 p.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np030715q

Handbook on the super latest analytical laborotory methods
to detect EDC's, used in the USGS study relating to "National
Reconnaissance of Emerging Contaminants in the Nation's Water
Resources."

"Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry, MS/MS and Time of
Flight MS: Analyses of Emerging Contaminants is a timely text that
introduces sensitive analytical techniques to address environmental
water quality...  "

"While there are no theoretical discussions on mass spectrometry, the
text does provide informative detail on the strengths and weaknesses
of the various mass spectrometers (Q-TOF MS/MS, QIT MS/MS,
triple quadrupole MS/MS) and their application toward monitoring
emerging contaminants: pharmaceuticals, hormones, antibiotics,
pesticides, natural products, and surfactants....  "

=================================================
8.

Iowa Dept of Natural Resources / Iowa Geological Survey / Water Monitoring
http://wqm.igsb.uiowa.edu/

Emerging Water Quality Issues
Iowa's Water - Ambient Monitoring Program
Water Quality Fact Sheet 2001-8
http://wqm.igsb.uiowa.edu/publications/fact%20sheets/emerging/PESTICIDES.htm

http://wqm.igsb.uiowa.edu/publications/fact%20sheets/wfs20018.pdf

Pharmaceuticals, Pesticide Degradates, and Other Emerging Contaminants in
Water: New Analytical Tools Play Key Roles in Water Research
Doug Schnoebelen | U.S. Geological Survey, Iowa City
27-slides in PowerPoint (online in HTML)
http://wqm.igsb.uiowa.edu/monitoring%20conference/power%20point/presentations/09dougemerging.htm

Herbicide degradates significantly increase overal occurrence
Acetanilide degradates most frequently detected compounds
Pharmaceuticals
Veterinary and human antibiotics
Human drugs
Industrial/Household compounds
Hormones and sterols

=================================================
9.

Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) as Environmental
Pollutants
U.S. EPA
http://www.epa.gov/nerlesd1/chemistry/pharma/index.htm

Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) as Environmental
Pollutants
= Pollution from Personal Actions
Christian G. Daughton, Ph.D.
Chief, Environmental Chemistry Branch, Environmental Sciences Division,
National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development
Environmental Protection Agency, Las Vegas, Nevada
60-slides in PowerPoint (download)
http://www.epa.gov/osp/regions/emerpoll/daughton.ppt

Presented at:

U.S. EPA Emerging Pollutants Workshop
11-14 August 2003 | Chicago, IL

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