wget - GNU Wget Manual


SYNOPSIS

       wget [option]... [URL]...


DESCRIPTION

       GNU Wget is a freely available network utility to retrieve
       files from the World Wide Web, using HTTP (Hyper Text
       Transfer Protocol) and FTP (File Transfer Protocol), the
       two most widely used Internet protocols.  It has many use­
       ful features to make downloading easier, some of them
       being:

       ·   Wget is non-interactive, meaning that it can work in
           the background, while the user is not logged on.  This
           allows you to start a retrieval and disconnect from
           the system, letting Wget finish the work.  By con­
           trast, most of the Web browsers require constant
           user's presence, which can be a great hindrance when
           transferring a lot of data.

       ·   Wget is capable of descending recursively through the
           structure of HTML documents and FTP directory trees,
           making a local copy of the directory hierarchy similar
           to the one on the remote server.  This feature can be
           used to mirror archives and home pages, or traverse
           the web in search of data, like a WWW robot.  In that
           spirit, Wget understands the `norobots' convention.

       ·   File name wildcard matching and recursive mirroring of
           directories are available when retrieving via FTP.
           Wget can read the time-stamp information given by both
           HTTP and FTP servers, and store it locally.  Thus Wget
           can see if the remote file has changed since last
           retrieval, and automatically retrieve the new version
           if it has.  This makes Wget suitable for mirroring of
           FTP sites, as well as home pages.

       ·   Wget works exceedingly well on slow or unstable con­
           nections, retrying the document until it is fully
           retrieved, or until a user-specified retry count is
           surpassed.  It will try to resume the download from
           the point of interruption, using `REST' with FTP and
           `Range' with HTTP servers that support them.

       ·   By default, Wget supports proxy servers, which can
           lighten the network load, speed up retrieval and pro­
           vide access behind firewalls.  However, if you are
           behind a firewall that requires that you use a socks
           style gateway, you can get the socks library and build
           Wget with support for socks.  Wget also supports the
           passive FTP downloading as an option.

           you wish to follow.

       ·   The retrieval is conveniently traced with printing
           dots, each dot representing a fixed amount of data
           received (1KB by default).  These representations can
           be customized to your preferences.

       ·   Most of the features are fully configurable, either
           through command line options, or via the initializa­
           tion file .wgetrc.  Wget allows you to define global
           startup files (/usr/local/etc/wgetrc by default) for
           site settings.

       ·   Finally, GNU Wget is free software.  This means that
           everyone may use it, redistribute it and/or modify it
           under the terms of the GNU General Public License, as
           published by the Free Software Foundation.


OPTIONS

       Basic Startup Options

       -V

       --version
           Display the version of Wget.

       -h

       --help
           Print a help message describing all of Wget's command-
           line options.

       -b

       --background
           Go to background immediately after startup.  If no
           output file is specified via the -o, output is redi­
           rected to wget-log.

       -e command

       --execute command
           Execute command as if it were a part of .wgetrc.  A
           command thus invoked will be executed after the com­
           mands in .wgetrc, thus taking precedence over them.

       Logging and Input File Options

       -o logfile

           Log all messages to logfile.  The messages are nor­
           mally reported to standard error.

       -a logfile

       --append-output=logfile
           Append to logfile.  This is the same as -o, only it
           appends to logfile instead of overwriting the old log
           file.  If logfile does not exist, a new file is cre­
           ated.

       -d

       --debug
           Turn on debug output, meaning various information
           important to the developers of Wget if it does not
           work properly.  Your system administrator may have
           chosen to compile Wget without debug support, in which
           case -d will not work.  Please note that compiling
           with debug support is always safe---Wget compiled with
           the debug support will not print any debug info unless
           requested with -d.

       -q

       --quiet
           Turn off Wget's output.

       -v

       --verbose
           Turn on verbose output, with all the available data.
           The default output is verbose.

       -nv

       --non-verbose
           Non-verbose output---turn off verbose without being
           completely quiet (use -q for that), which means that
           error messages and basic information still get
           printed.

       -i file

       --input-file=file
           Read URLs from file, in which case no URLs need to be
           on the command line.  If there are URLs both on the
           command line and in an input file, those on the com­
           mand lines will be the first ones to be retrieved.
           The file need not be an HTML document (but no harm if
           it is)---it is enough if the URLs are just listed
           sequentially.

           will be regarded as html.  In that case you may have
           problems with relative links, which you can solve
           either by adding `<base href="url">' to the documents
           or by specifying --base=url on the command line.

       -F

       --force-html
           When input is read from a file, force it to be treated
           as an HTML file.  This enables you to retrieve rela­
           tive links from existing HTML files on your local
           disk, by adding `<base href="url">' to HTML, or using
           the --base command-line option.

       -B URL

       --base=URL
           When used in conjunction with -F, prepends URL to rel­
           ative links in the file specified by -i.

       Download Options

       --bind-address=ADDRESS
           When making client TCP/IP connections, `bind()' to
           ADDRESS on the local machine.  ADDRESS may be speci­
           fied as a hostname or IP address.  This option can be
           useful if your machine is bound to multiple IPs.

       -t number

       --tries=number
           Set number of retries to number.  Specify 0 or inf for
           infinite retrying.

       -O file

       --output-document=file
           The documents will not be written to the appropriate
           files, but all will be concatenated together and writ­
           ten to file.  If file already exists, it will be over­
           written.  If the file is -, the documents will be
           written to standard output.  Including this option
           automatically sets the number of tries to 1.

       -nc

       --no-clobber
           If a file is downloaded more than once in the same
           directory, Wget's behavior depends on a few options,
           including -nc.  In certain cases, the local file will
           be clobbered, or overwritten, upon repeated download.
           In other cases it will be preserved.

           the same file in the same directory will result in the
           original copy of file being preserved and the second
           copy being named file.1.  If that file is downloaded
           yet again, the third copy will be named file.2, and so
           on.  When -nc is specified, this behavior is sup­
           pressed, and Wget will refuse to download newer copies
           of file.  Therefore, ```no-clobber''' is actually a
           misnomer in this mode---it's not clobbering that's
           prevented (as the numeric suffixes were already pre­
           venting clobbering), but rather the multiple version
           saving that's prevented.

           When running Wget with -r, but without -N or -nc, re-
           downloading a file will result in the new copy simply
           overwriting the old.  Adding -nc will prevent this
           behavior, instead causing the original version to be
           preserved and any newer copies on the server to be
           ignored.

           When running Wget with -N, with or without -r, the
           decision as to whether or not to download a newer copy
           of a file depends on the local and remote timestamp
           and size of the file.  -nc may not be specified at the
           same time as -N.

           Note that when -nc is specified, files with the suf­
           fixes .html or (yuck) .htm will be loaded from the
           local disk and parsed as if they had been retrieved
           from the Web.

       -c

       --continue
           Continue getting a partially-downloaded file.  This is
           useful when you want to finish up a download started
           by a previous instance of Wget, or by another program.
           For instance:

                   wget -c ftp://sunsite.doc.ic.ac.uk/ls-lR.Z

           If there is a file named ls-lR.Z in the current direc­
           tory, Wget will assume that it is the first portion of
           the remote file, and will ask the server to continue
           the retrieval from an offset equal to the length of
           the local file.

           Note that you don't need to specify this option if you
           just want the current invocation of Wget to retry
           downloading a file should the connection be lost mid­
           way through.  This is the default behavior.  -c only
           affects resumption of downloads started prior to this
           invocation of Wget, and whose local files are still
           sitting around.

           the remote file to ls-lR.Z.1, leaving the truncated
           ls-lR.Z file alone.

           Beginning with Wget 1.7, if you use -c on a non-empty
           file, and it turns out that the server does not sup­
           port continued downloading, Wget will refuse to start
           the download from scratch, which would effectively
           ruin existing contents.  If you really want the down­
           load to start from scratch, remove the file.

           Also beginning with Wget 1.7, if you use -c on a file
           which is of equal size as the one on the server, Wget
           will refuse to download the file and print an explana­
           tory message.  The same happens when the file is
           smaller on the server than locally (presumably because
           it was changed on the server since your last download
           attempt)---because ``continuing'' is not meaningful,
           no download occurs.

           On the other side of the coin, while using -c, any
           file that's bigger on the server than locally will be
           considered an incomplete download and only
           `(length(remote) - length(local))' bytes will be down­
           loaded and tacked onto the end of the local file.
           This behavior can be desirable in certain cases---for
           instance, you can use wget -c to download just the new
           portion that's been appended to a data collection or
           log file.

           However, if the file is bigger on the server because
           it's been changed, as opposed to just appended to,
           you'll end up with a garbled file.  Wget has no way of
           verifying that the local file is really a valid prefix
           of the remote file.  You need to be especially careful
           of this when using -c in conjunction with -r, since
           every file will be considered as an "incomplete down­
           load" candidate.

           Another instance where you'll get a garbled file if
           you try to use -c is if you have a lame HTTP proxy
           that inserts a ``transfer interrupted'' string into
           the local file.  In the future a ``rollback'' option
           may be added to deal with this case.

           Note that -c only works with FTP servers and with HTTP
           servers that support the `Range' header.

       --dot-style=style
           Set the retrieval style to style.  Wget traces the
           retrieval of each document by printing dots on the
           screen, each dot representing a fixed amount of
           retrieved data.  Any number of dots may be separated
           in a cluster, to make counting easier.  This option

           determining the number of bytes represented by a dot,
           the number of dots in a cluster, and the number of
           dots on the line.

           With the `default' style each dot represents 1K, there
           are ten dots in a cluster and 50 dots in a line.  The
           `binary' style has a more ``computer''-like orienta­
           tion---8K dots, 16-dots clusters and 48 dots per line
           (which makes for 384K lines).  The `mega' style is
           suitable for downloading very large files---each dot
           represents 64K retrieved, there are eight dots in a
           cluster, and 48 dots on each line (so each line con­
           tains 3M).  The `micro' style is exactly the reverse;
           it is suitable for downloading small files, with
           128-byte dots, 8 dots per cluster, and 48 dots (6K)
           per line.

       -N

       --timestamping
           Turn on time-stamping.

       -S

       --server-response
           Print the headers sent by HTTP servers and responses
           sent by FTP servers.

       --spider
           When invoked with this option, Wget will behave as a
           Web spider, which means that it will not download the
           pages, just check that they are there.  You can use it
           to check your bookmarks, e.g. with:

                   wget --spider --force-html -i bookmarks.html

           This feature needs much more work for Wget to get
           close to the functionality of real WWW spiders.

       -T seconds

       --timeout=seconds
           Set the read timeout to seconds seconds.  Whenever a
           network read is issued, the file descriptor is checked
           for a timeout, which could otherwise leave a pending
           connection (uninterrupted read).  The default timeout
           is 900 seconds (fifteen minutes).  Setting timeout to
           0 will disable checking for timeouts.

           Please do not lower the default timeout value with
           this option unless you know what you are doing.


       --wait=seconds
           Wait the specified number of seconds between the
           retrievals.  Use of this option is recommended, as it
           lightens the server load by making the requests less
           frequent.  Instead of in seconds, the time can be
           specified in minutes using the `m' suffix, in hours
           using `h' suffix, or in days using `d' suffix.

           Specifying a large value for this option is useful if
           the network or the destination host is down, so that
           Wget can wait long enough to reasonably expect the
           network error to be fixed before the retry.

       --waitretry=seconds
           If you don't want Wget to wait between every
           retrieval, but only between retries of failed down­
           loads, you can use this option.  Wget will use linear
           backoff, waiting 1 second after the first failure on a
           given file, then waiting 2 seconds after the second
           failure on that file, up to the maximum number of sec­
           onds you specify.  Therefore, a value of 10 will actu­
           ally make Wget wait up to (1 + 2 + ... + 10) = 55 sec­
           onds per file.

           Note that this option is turned on by default in the
           global wgetrc file.

       -Y on/off

       --proxy=on/off
           Turn proxy support on or off.  The proxy is on by
           default if the appropriate environmental variable is
           defined.

       -Q quota

       --quota=quota
           Specify download quota for automatic retrievals.  The
           value can be specified in bytes (default), kilobytes
           (with k suffix), or megabytes (with m suffix).

           Note that quota will never affect downloading a single
           file.  So if you specify wget -Q10k
           ftp://wuarchive.wustl.edu/ls-lR.gz, all of the ls-
           lR.gz will be downloaded.  The same goes even when
           several URLs are specified on the command-line.  How­
           ever, quota is respected when retrieving either recur­
           sively, or from an input file.  Thus you may safely
           type wget -Q2m -i sites---download will be aborted
           when the quota is exceeded.

           Setting quota to 0 or to inf unlimits the download


       Directory Options

       -nd

       --no-directories
           Do not create a hierarchy of directories when retriev­
           ing recursively.  With this option turned on, all
           files will get saved to the current directory, without
           clobbering (if a name shows up more than once, the
           filenames will get extensions .n).

       -x

       --force-directories
           The opposite of -nd---create a hierarchy of directo­
           ries, even if one would not have been created other­
           wise.  E.g. wget -x http://fly.srk.fer.hr/robots.txt
           will save the downloaded file to
           fly.srk.fer.hr/robots.txt.

       -nH

       --no-host-directories
           Disable generation of host-prefixed directories.  By
           default, invoking Wget with -r http://fly.srk.fer.hr/
           will create a structure of directories beginning with
           fly.srk.fer.hr/.  This option disables such behavior.

       --cut-dirs=number
           Ignore number directory components.  This is useful
           for getting a fine-grained control over the directory
           where recursive retrieval will be saved.

           Take, for example, the directory at
           ftp://ftp.xemacs.org/pub/xemacs/.  If you retrieve it
           with -r, it will be saved locally under
           ftp.xemacs.org/pub/xemacs/.  While the -nH option can
           remove the ftp.xemacs.org/ part, you are still stuck
           with pub/xemacs.  This is where --cut-dirs comes in
           handy; it makes Wget not ``see'' number remote direc­
           tory components.  Here are several examples of how
           --cut-dirs option works.

                   No options        -> ftp.xemacs.org/pub/xemacs/
                   -nH               -> pub/xemacs/
                   -nH --cut-dirs=1  -> xemacs/
                   -nH --cut-dirs=2  -> .

                   --cut-dirs=1      -> ftp.xemacs.org/xemacs/
                   ...

           ture, this option is similar to a combination of -nd
           and -P.  However, unlike -nd, --cut-dirs does not lose
           with subdirectories---for instance, with -nH --cut-
           dirs=1, a beta/ subdirectory will be placed to
           xemacs/beta, as one would expect.

       -P prefix

       --directory-prefix=prefix
           Set directory prefix to prefix.  The directory prefix
           is the directory where all other files and subdirecto­
           ries will be saved to, i.e. the top of the retrieval
           tree.  The default is . (the current directory).

       HTTP Options

       -E

       --html-extension
           If a file of type text/html is downloaded and the URL
           does not end with the regexp \.[Hh][Tt][Mm][Ll]?, this
           option will cause the suffix .html to be appended to
           the local filename.  This is useful, for instance,
           when you're mirroring a remote site that uses .asp
           pages, but you want the mirrored pages to be viewable
           on your stock Apache server.  Another good use for
           this is when you're downloading the output of CGIs.  A
           URL like http://site.com/article.cgi?25 will be saved
           as article.cgi?25.html.

           Note that filenames changed in this way will be re-
           downloaded every time you re-mirror a site, because
           Wget can't tell that the local X.html file corresponds
           to remote URL X (since it doesn't yet know that the
           URL produces output of type text/html.  To prevent
           this re-downloading, you must use -k and -K so that
           the original version of the file will be saved as
           X.orig.

       --http-user=user

       --http-passwd=password
           Specify the username user and password password on an
           HTTP server.  According to the type of the challenge,
           Wget will encode them using either the `basic' (inse­
           cure) or the `digest' authentication scheme.

           Another way to specify username and password is in the
           URL itself.  For more information about security
           issues with Wget,


       --cache=on/off
           When set to off, disable server-side cache.  In this
           case, Wget will send the remote server an appropriate
           directive (Pragma: no-cache) to get the file from the
           remote service, rather than returning the cached ver­
           sion.  This is especially useful for retrieving and
           flushing out-of-date documents on proxy servers.

           Caching is allowed by default.

       --cookies=on/off
           When set to off, disable the use of cookies.  Cookies
           are a mechanism for maintaining server-side state.
           The server sends the client a cookie using the
           `Set-Cookie' header, and the client responds with the
           same cookie upon further requests.  Since cookies
           allow the server owners to keep track of visitors and
           for sites to exchange this information, some consider
           them a breach of privacy.  The default is to use cook­
           ies; however, storing cookies is not on by default.

       --load-cookies file
           Load cookies from file before the first HTTP
           retrieval.  The format of file is one used by Netscape
           and Mozilla, at least their Unix version.

       --save-cookies file
           Save cookies from file at the end of session.  Cookies
           whose expiry time is not specified, or those that have
           already expired, are not saved.

       --ignore-length
           Unfortunately, some HTTP servers (CGI programs, to be
           more precise) send out bogus `Content-Length' headers,
           which makes Wget go wild, as it thinks not all the
           document was retrieved.  You can spot this syndrome if
           Wget retries getting the same document again and
           again, each time claiming that the (otherwise normal)
           connection has closed on the very same byte.

           With this option, Wget will ignore the `Con­
           tent-Length' header---as if it never existed.

       --header=additional-header
           Define an additional-header to be passed to the HTTP
           servers.  Headers must contain a : preceded by one or
           more non-blank characters, and must not contain new­
           lines.

           You may define more than one additional header by
           specifying --header more than once.

                        --header='Accept-Language: hr'        \
                          http://fly.srk.fer.hr/

           Specification of an empty string as the header value
           will clear all previous user-defined headers.

       --proxy-user=user

       --proxy-passwd=password
           Specify the username user and password password for
           authentication on a proxy server.  Wget will encode
           them using the `basic' authentication scheme.

       --referer=url
           Include `Referer: url' header in HTTP request.  Useful
           for retrieving documents with server-side processing
           that assume they are always being retrieved by inter­
           active web browsers and only come out properly when
           Referer is set to one of the pages that point to them.

       -s

       --save-headers
           Save the headers sent by the HTTP server to the file,
           preceding the actual contents, with an empty line as
           the separator.

       -U agent-string

       --user-agent=agent-string
           Identify as agent-string to the HTTP server.

           The HTTP protocol allows the clients to identify them­
           selves using a `User-Agent' header field.  This
           enables distinguishing the WWW software, usually for
           statistical purposes or for tracing of protocol viola­
           tions.  Wget normally identifies as Wget/version, ver­
           sion being the current version number of Wget.

           However, some sites have been known to impose the pol­
           icy of tailoring the output according to the
           `User-Agent'-supplied information.  While conceptually
           this is not such a bad idea, it has been abused by
           servers denying information to clients other than
           `Mozilla' or Microsoft `Internet Explorer'.  This
           option allows you to change the `User-Agent' line
           issued by Wget.  Use of this option is discouraged,
           unless you really know what you are doing.

       FTP Options


       --dont-remove-listing
           Don't remove the temporary .listing files generated by
           FTP retrievals.  Normally, these files contain the raw
           directory listings received from FTP servers.  Not
           removing them can be useful for debugging purposes, or
           when you want to be able to easily check on the con­
           tents of remote server directories (e.g. to verify
           that a mirror you're running is complete).

           Note that even though Wget writes to a known filename
           for this file, this is not a security hole in the sce­
           nario of a user making .listing a symbolic link to
           /etc/passwd or something and asking `root' to run Wget
           in his or her directory.  Depending on the options
           used, either Wget will refuse to write to .listing,
           making the globbing/recursion/time-stamping operation
           fail, or the symbolic link will be deleted and
           replaced with the actual .listing file, or the listing
           will be written to a .listing.number file.

           Even though this situation isn't a problem, though,
           `root' should never run Wget in a non-trusted user's
           directory.  A user could do something as simple as
           linking index.html to /etc/passwd and asking `root' to
           run Wget with -N or -r so the file will be overwrit­
           ten.

       -g on/off

       --glob=on/off
           Turn FTP globbing on or off.  Globbing means you may
           use the shell-like special characters (wildcards),
           like *, ?, [ and ] to retrieve more than one file from
           the same directory at once, like:

                   wget ftp://gnjilux.srk.fer.hr/*.msg

           By default, globbing will be turned on if the URL con­
           tains a globbing character.  This option may be used
           to turn globbing on or off permanently.

           You may have to quote the URL to protect it from being
           expanded by your shell.  Globbing makes Wget look for
           a directory listing, which is system-specific.  This
           is why it currently works only with Unix FTP servers
           (and the ones emulating Unix `ls' output).

       --passive-ftp
           Use the passive FTP retrieval scheme, in which the
           client initiates the data connection.  This is some­
           times required for FTP to work behind firewalls.

           Usually, when retrieving FTP directories recursively
           and a symbolic link is encountered, the linked-to file
           is not downloaded.  Instead, a matching symbolic link
           is created on the local filesystem.  The pointed-to
           file will not be downloaded unless this recursive
           retrieval would have encountered it separately and
           downloaded it anyway.

           When --retr-symlinks is specified, however, symbolic
           links are traversed and the pointed-to files are
           retrieved.  At this time, this option does not cause
           Wget to traverse symlinks to directories and recurse
           through them, but in the future it should be enhanced
           to do this.

           Note that when retrieving a file (not a directory)
           because it was specified on the commandline, rather
           than because it was recursed to, this option has no
           effect.  Symbolic links are always traversed in this
           case.

       Recursive Retrieval Options

       -r

       --recursive
           Turn on recursive retrieving.

       -l depth

       --level=depth
           Specify recursion maximum depth level depth.  The
           default maximum depth is 5.

       --delete-after
           This option tells Wget to delete every single file it
           downloads, after having done so.  It is useful for
           pre-fetching popular pages through a proxy, e.g.:

                   wget -r -nd --delete-after http://whatever.com/~popular/page/

           The -r option is to retrieve recursively, and -nd to
           not create directories.

           Note that --delete-after deletes files on the local
           machine.  It does not issue the DELE command to remote
           FTP sites, for instance.  Also note that when
           --delete-after is specified, --convert-links is
           ignored, so .orig files are simply not created in the
           first place.


       --convert-links
           After the download is complete, convert the links in
           the document to make them suitable for local viewing.
           This affects not only the visible hyperlinks, but any
           part of the document that links to external content,
           such as embedded images, links to style sheets, hyper­
           links to non-HTML content, etc.

           Each link will be changed in one of the two ways:

           ·   The links to files that have been downloaded by
               Wget will be changed to refer to the file they
               point to as a relative link.

               Example: if the downloaded file /foo/doc.html
               links to /bar/img.gif, also downloaded, then the
               link in doc.html will be modified to point to
               ../bar/img.gif.  This kind of transformation works
               reliably for arbitrary combinations of directo­
               ries.

           ·   The links to files that have not been downloaded
               by Wget will be changed to include host name and
               absolute path of the location they point to.

               Example: if the downloaded file /foo/doc.html
               links to /bar/img.gif (or to ../bar/img.gif), then
               the link in doc.html will be modified to point to
               http://hostname/bar/img.gif.

           Because of this, local browsing works reliably: if a
           linked file was downloaded, the link will refer to its
           local name; if it was not downloaded, the link will
           refer to its full Internet address rather than pre­
           senting a broken link.  The fact that the former links
           are converted to relative links ensures that you can
           move the downloaded hierarchy to another directory.

           Note that only at the end of the download can Wget
           know which links have been downloaded.  Because of
           that, the work done by -k will be performed at the end
           of all the downloads.

       -K

       --backup-converted
           When converting a file, back up the original version
           with a .orig suffix.  Affects the behavior of -N.

       -m

           Turn on options suitable for mirroring.  This option
           turns on recursion and time-stamping, sets infinite
           recursion depth and keeps FTP directory listings.  It
           is currently equivalent to -r -N -l inf -nr.

       -p

       --page-requisites
           This option causes Wget to download all the files that
           are necessary to properly display a given HTML page.
           This includes such things as inlined images, sounds,
           and referenced stylesheets.

           Ordinarily, when downloading a single HTML page, any
           requisite documents that may be needed to display it
           properly are not downloaded.  Using -r together with
           -l can help, but since Wget does not ordinarily dis­
           tinguish between external and inlined documents, one
           is generally left with ``leaf documents'' that are
           missing their requisites.

           For instance, say document 1.html contains an `<IMG>'
           tag referencing 1.gif and an `<A>' tag pointing to
           external document 2.html.  Say that 2.html is similar
           but that its image is 2.gif and it links to 3.html.
           Say this continues up to some arbitrarily high number.

           If one executes the command:

                   wget -r -l 2 http://I<site>/1.html

           then 1.html, 1.gif, 2.html, 2.gif, and 3.html will be
           downloaded.  As you can see, 3.html is without its
           requisite 3.gif because Wget is simply counting the
           number of hops (up to 2) away from 1.html in order to
           determine where to stop the recursion.  However, with
           this command:

                   wget -r -l 2 -p http://I<site>/1.html

           all the above files and 3.html's requisite 3.gif will
           be downloaded.  Similarly,

                   wget -r -l 1 -p http://I<site>/1.html

           will cause 1.html, 1.gif, 2.html, and 2.gif to be
           downloaded.  One might think that:

                   wget -r -l 0 -p http://I<site>/1.html

           would download just 1.html and 1.gif, but unfortu­
           nately this is not the case, because -l 0 is equiva­
           lent to -l inf---that is, infinite recursion.  To

           specified on the commandline or in a -i URL input
           file) and its (or their) requisites, simply leave off
           -r and -l:

                   wget -p http://I<site>/1.html

           Note that Wget will behave as if -r had been speci­
           fied, but only that single page and its requisites
           will be downloaded.  Links from that page to external
           documents will not be followed.  Actually, to download
           a single page and all its requisites (even if they
           exist on separate websites), and make sure the lot
           displays properly locally, this author likes to use a
           few options in addition to -p:

                   wget -E -H -k -K -nh -p http://I<site>/I<document>

           In one case you'll need to add a couple more options.
           If document is a `<FRAMESET>' page, the "one more hop"
           that -p gives you won't be enough---you'll get the
           `<FRAME>' pages that are referenced, but you won't get
           their requisites.  Therefore, in this case you'll need
           to add -r -l1 to the commandline.  The -r -l1 will
           recurse from the `<FRAMESET>' page to to the `<FRAME>'
           pages, and the -p will get their requisites.  If
           you're already using a recursion level of 1 or more,
           you'll need to up it by one.  In the future, -p may be
           made smarter so that it'll do "two more hops" in the
           case of a `<FRAMESET>' page.

           To finish off this topic, it's worth knowing that
           Wget's idea of an external document link is any URL
           specified in an `<A>' tag, an `<AREA>' tag, or a
           `<LINK>' tag other than `<LINK REL="stylesheet">'.

       Recursive Accept/Reject Options

       -A acclist --accept acclist

       -R rejlist --reject rejlist
           Specify comma-separated lists of file name suffixes or
           patterns to accept or reject.

       -D domain-list

       --domains=domain-list
           Set domains to be accepted and DNS looked-up, where
           domain-list is a comma-separated list.  Note that it
           does not turn on -H.  This option speeds things up,
           even if only one host is spanned.

           Exclude the domains given in a comma-separated domain-
           list from DNS-lookup.

       --follow-ftp
           Follow FTP links from HTML documents.  Without this
           option, Wget will ignore all the FTP links.

       --follow-tags=list
           Wget has an internal table of HTML tag / attribute
           pairs that it considers when looking for linked docu­
           ments during a recursive retrieval.  If a user wants
           only a subset of those tags to be considered, however,
           he or she should be specify such tags in a comma-sepa­
           rated list with this option.

       -G list

       --ignore-tags=list
           This is the opposite of the --follow-tags option.  To
           skip certain HTML tags when recursively looking for
           documents to download, specify them in a comma-sepa­
           rated list.

           In the past, the -G option was the best bet for down­
           loading a single page and its requisites, using a com­
           mandline like:

                   wget -Ga,area -H -k -K -nh -r http://I<site>/I<document>

           However, the author of this option came across a page
           with tags like `<LINK REL="home" HREF="/">' and came
           to the realization that -G was not enough.  One can't
           just tell Wget to ignore `<LINK>', because then
           stylesheets will not be downloaded.  Now the best bet
           for downloading a single page and its requisites is
           the dedicated --page-requisites option.

       -H

       --span-hosts
           Enable spanning across hosts when doing recursive
           retrieving.

       -L

       --relative
           Follow relative links only.  Useful for retrieving a
           specific home page without any distractions, not even
           those from the same hosts.

       -I list

           Specify a comma-separated list of directories you wish
           to follow when downloading  Elements of list may con­
           tain wildcards.

       -X list

       --exclude-directories=list
           Specify a comma-separated list of directories you wish
           to exclude from download  Elements of list may contain
           wildcards.

       -nh

       --no-host-lookup
           Disable the time-consuming DNS lookup of almost all
           hosts.

       -np

       --no-parent
           Do not ever ascend to the parent directory when
           retrieving recursively.  This is a useful option,
           since it guarantees that only the files below a cer­
           tain hierarchy will be downloaded.


FILES

       /usr/local/etc/wgetrc
           Default location of the global startup file.

       .wgetrc
           User startup file.


BUGS

       You are welcome to send bug reports about GNU Wget to
       <`bug-wget@gnu.org'>.

       Before actually submitting a bug report, please try to
       follow a few simple guidelines.

       1.  Please try to ascertain that the behaviour you see
           really is a bug.  If Wget crashes, it's a bug.  If
           Wget does not behave as documented, it's a bug.  If
           things work strange, but you are not sure about the
           way they are supposed to work, it might well be a bug.

       2.  Try to repeat the bug in as simple circumstances as
           possible.  E.g. if Wget crashes on wget -rLl0 -t5 -Y0
           http://yoyodyne.com -o /tmp/log, you should try to see
           if it will crash with a simpler set of options.

           Also, while I will probably be interested to know the
           contents of your .wgetrc file, just dumping it into
           the debug message is probably a bad idea.  Instead,

           .wgetrc moved out of the way.  Only if it turns out
           that .wgetrc settings affect the bug, should you mail
           me the relevant parts of the file.

       3.  Please start Wget with -d option and send the log (or
           the relevant parts of it).  If Wget was compiled with­
           out debug support, recompile it.  It is much easier to
           trace bugs with debug support on.

       4.  If Wget has crashed, try to run it in a debugger, e.g.
           `gdb `which wget` core' and type `where' to get the
           backtrace.

       5.  Find where the bug is, fix it and send me the patches.
           :-)


SEE ALSO

       GNU Info entry for wget.


AUTHOR

       Originally written by Hrvoje Niksic <hniksic@ars­
       digita.com>.


COPYRIGHT

       Copyright (c) 1996, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2001 Free Software
       Foundation, Inc.

       Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim
       copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and
       this permission notice are preserved on all copies.

       Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify
       this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documenta­
       tion License, Version 1.1 or any later version published
       by the Free Software Foundation; with the Invariant Sec­
       tions being ``GNU General Public License'' and ``GNU Free
       Documentation License'', with no Front-Cover Texts, and
       with no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is
       included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation
       License''.


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