printcap - printer capability data base
SYNOPSIS
/etc/printcap database
DESCRIPTION
The format of the LPNng printcap database was based on the
termcap(5) data base file format. Entries in the printcap
Each entry in the data base is used to define various
options and values to control the printing and spooling of
print jobs.
USER AND SYSTEM PRINTCAP FILES
The system printcap file is usually in /etc/printcap, and
contains information common to all users and the LPRng
printing system. User printcap files are usually in
${HOME}/.printcap, and contain user configurable informa
tion for printer information.
The user printcap file is used only by client programs
such as lpr , lprm , lpq , and lpq . The information in
the user printcap file overrides the information in the
system printcap file.
CAPABILITIES
The database is a simplified form of the termcap (5)
database. Leading whitespace on each line is discarded,
and blank lines or lines which then start with a comment
character (#) are discarded. A line which does not start
with a colon (:) or bar (|) starts a printer entry defini
tion. Lines ending with a backslash (\) are assumed to
continue to the next line; this is for compatibility with
other historical printcap file formats. Trailing blanks
and tabs (whitespace) for an option value are deleted
unless the last one is escaped with a backslash (``\'').
A printer definition starts with a primary printer name,
followed by zero or more alternative printer names, fol
lowed by a set of keyword entries and values. For exam
ple:
#comment
# primary printer name
lp
#alternate names
|lp2|lp3
|Example of a printer
:sd=/usr/spool/LPD/lp
:rw:lp=/dev/lp:mx#100
include /etc/printcap/mainprintcap
The special printcap definition include will read the
next set of printcap entries.
Keywords can be 1 to an indefinate number of characters
long, and are case sensitive. Values for keywords can be
strings (:st=string:), signed integer values using the C
language notation, (:nu#12:max#-2:mask#0x1EF:), or flags
(:flag: to set to 1, :flag@: to clear to 0). Integer val
ues must be representable as 32 bit 2's complement num
bers; care should be taken with extremely large numbers.
If the primary name of a printcap entry starts with a
punctuation character, then the entry may be referenced
using the tc capability, but is ignored otherwise. This
allows common printcap information to be placed in a sin
gle entry.
The special printcap entry oh (i.e. - only this host) may
be used to select a printcap entry for use by one or more
hosts. The oh entry can be a list of one or more host
names or glob type of patterns. These patterns are first
applied to the host's fully qualified domain name, and
then used to to a lookup of an IP address. If either the
glob match or the host has a matching IP address then the
printcap entry is selected for use. In addition, the
server flag indicates that only the LPD server is to use
this printcap entry. This allows client and server print
cap information be to be segragated in a simple manner.
The following is a list of the keywords currently used by
the LPRng software. Many of these keywords are used only
by the LPD server, others are used by the client programs
LPR, LPC, LPRM, PAC, as well as the server. In the Use
column in the table below, an A stands for all programs, D
stands for lpd, and R stands for the client programs such
as LPR.
Some of these entries can only appear or have an effect if
they are in the lpc.conf initialization file. See
lpd.conf(5) for further details.
ENTRIES BY ALPHABETICAL ORDER
FL Use Type Default Description
Xf D str NULL output filter for format X (used by lpd).
'filter' sets default filter
ab D bool false always print banner, ignore lpr -h option
achk D bool false
If TRUE LPD will check for a 'ACCEPT' reply to the initial
accounting information written to a filter at the start
of a job.
ae D str accounting format for end of job or a program to run
to record accounting information (see also af, la, ar
and Accounting).
af D str NULL
If the format is host%port, a tcp socket connection will
be made to port on host. The as and ae strings
will be printed to the specified destination.
The accounting file will not be created, it must exist for
LPD to append data to it.
ah D bool false auto-hold - job held until explicitly released
all A str NULL a list of all printers; (see ALL PRINTERS)
allow_duplicate_flags A bool false
allow duplicate command line flags; last overwrites earlier
allow_getenv A bool (compile time)
allows LPRng software to use the LPD_CONF environment variable
to specify the location of a configuration file. This is
for testing only.
allow_user_logging A bool false
if mail is requested using lpr -mhost%port,prot operations,
and the allow_user_logging flag is true, then job logging
information will be sent to host%port,prot.
allow_user_setting A str NULL
allow these users to impersonate other users with the
lpr -U user@host, lpc -U user@host, etc., options
append_z A str
append these options to the -Z options for the job
ar D bool true write remote transfer accounting (if af, and as/ae set)
architecture A str (compile time)
architecture the software was compiled for. (Obsolete.)
as D str accounting format for start of job or a program to run
to record accounting information (see also af, la, ar
and Accounting).
auth R str NULL
client to server authentication type
be D str banner printing program for end (overrides bp, hl)
bk R bool false Berkeley-compatible: be strictly RFC-compliant
or more exactly, BSD LPR compatible when sending jobs.
bk_filter_options D str (see source code)
when bk flag set, options for non OF print filters
bk_of_filter_options D str (see source code)
when bk flag set, options for OF print filters
bkf R bool false
use bk_filter_options and bk_of_filter_options when
invoking print filter.
bl D str banner line - sent to banner printer program
default: $-'C:$-'n Job: $-'J Date: $-'t
expands to: Class:User Job: job Date: date
This is to force compatibility with vintage print filters
that require a non-standard banner string. Usually used with
:sb: option.
bp D str banner printing program (see hl)
(default: configuration variable default_banner_printer)
bq_format D str l format of output from bounce queue filters
br D num none if lp is a tty, set the baud rate (see ty)
break_classname_priority_link A flag false
Do not set priority to first letter of class name
bs D str banner printing program for start (overrides bp, hl)
check_for_nonprintable R bool false
lpr checks f and p formats for printable files
check_for_protocol_violations R bool false
check for RFC1179 protocol violations
chooser D str load balance queue destination chooser program
chooser_interval D num 10
load balance queue does checks for a
destination queue available at this interval
chooser_routine D bool false
use the user provided chooser routine for this queue
class_in_status A bool true
show class name in lpq status rather than priority
cm A str NULL comment identifying printer (LPQ)
config_file A str /etc/lpd.conf:/usr/etc/lpd.conf
location of LPRng configuration information. Compile
time option only - see allow_getenv.
connect_grace A num 0
time between jobs to allow printer recovery
connect_interval A num 10
time between open or connection attempts
connect_timeout A num 10
timeout value for connection or open
control_file_line_order D str NULL
Put the control file lines in a specific order
control_filter D str NULL
Filter for control file. Used when sending job to remote
spool queue.
create_files D bool false
create log, debug, etc., files automatically
db A str NULL LPD debug options when serving this queue.
See lf (log file) entry as well.
default_format R str f
default format for printing jobs
default_permission D str A
default permission for operation
default_printer A str lp
default printer for printing jobs
default_priority R str A
default priority for printing jobs
default_remote_host A str localhost
default remote host for printing operations
default_tmp_dir A str /tmp
default temporary directory
destinations D str NULL
names of printers that lpq/lprm should talk to
find a job that has been processed by a router
script (see README.routing)
df D str NULL tex data filter (DVI format)
exit_linger_timeout A num 10
socket SO_LINGER timeout value
fd D bool false if true, no forwarded jobs accepted
ff D str ``\f'' string to send for a form feed (see INITIALIZATION)
filter D str NULL
filter_ld_path D str (see source)
the LD_LIBARY_PATH environment variable value for filters
filter_options D str (see source code)
when bk flag clear, options for non OF print filters
filter_path D str (see source)
the PATH environment variable value for filters
filter_poll_interval D num 30
interval to poll OF filter
filter_stderr_to_status_file D bool false
set the filter STDERR to the status file and do
no report errors in the queue status file.
fo D bool false print a form feed when device is opened
force_fqdn_hostname A bool FALSE
Force a fully qualified host name in control file
force_localhost A bool FALSE
Forces the clients programs (lpr, lpc, etc.)
to send all print jobs and requests to the server running
on the localhost entry for action. This flag effectively
forces BSD LPR behaviour.
force_lpq_status D str NULL
Specifies a list of LPQ formats and hosts which get status
returned in this format. For example
force_lpq_status=s=pc*;l=mac* will cause hosts whose
FQDN matches pc* to get short status and those which
match mac* to get long format.
force_queuename A str NULL
When :qq: flag or use_queuename configuration is enabled,
specifies the queuename to be used for control file Q
information.
ff_separator D bool false
need form feeds to separate job files
fq D bool false print a form feed when device is closed
full_time D bool detailed time format specification in log messages
fx A str NULL valid output filter formats
i.e. ``flp'' would allow f, l, and p
default is to allow all formats
gf D str NULL graph data filter (plot (3X) format)
generate_banner D bool false
generate a banner when forwarding job
group D str daemon LPD server group id for execution
hl D bool false print banner after job instead of before
if D str NULL filter command, run on a per-file basis
ignore_requested_user_priority D bool false
Ignore the requested user priority when ordering jobs.
Prevents students... um... users from queue jumping.
ipv6 A bool false Use IPV6
keepalive A bool true
set socket SO_KEEPALIVE option
kerberos_keytab D str /etc/lpd.keytab
Kerberos lpd server keytab file
kerberos_life D str NULL
Kerberos lpd server key lifetime
kerberos_renew D str NULL
kerberos_server_principle D str NULL
Kerberos remote lpd server principle
kerberos_service D str lpr
Kerberos service used in principle requests
la D bool true write local printer accounting (if af is set)
ld D str NULL leader string printed on printer open (see INITIALIZATION)
lf D str ``log'' error and debugging log file (LPD)
lk D bool false lock the lp device to force arbitration
lockfile D str /var/spool/lpd/lpd
lpd lock file (used only in lpd.conf).
The lpd_port port value is appended
to the lockfile value to provide a unique lockfile
even when different versions of LPRng are running
on the same system.
logger_destination D str NULL
destination for logging information. Format is
host%port
logger_max_size D num 1024
logger file maximum size in K
logger_path D str NULL
logger file pathname
logger_timeout D num 0
logger connection timeout. 0 is no timeout.
longnumber D bool false
use 6 digit job numbers
lp D str NULL device name or pipe to send output to
lpd_bounce A bool FALSE
Forces lpd to filter jobs and then forward them.
(See Bounce Queues)
lpd_force_poll A bool FALSE
Forces lpd to periodically poll lpd queues.
lpd_poll_time A num 600
After this amount of idle time, lpd will poll queues
lpd_port D str printer
format is [ipaddr%]port. If the ipaddr is present
then the lpd listening socket is bound to the specified
ip address and port only, otherwise it is bound to all
interfaces. If the port value is not a number then the
lpd_printcap_path D str (see source)
printcap path for lpd, in addition to normal one
(configuration value only)
lpr_bounce R bool true
Forces lpr to filter jobs and then send them.
(See Bounce Queues)
lpr_bsd R bool false
when set, LPR -m will not take argument, but will use
$USER value for return mail address.
mail_from D str NULL
specifies the user part of email From: address
mail_operator_on_error D str NULL
send mail to this user when LPD encounters printing error.
max_connect_interval A num 60
max_log_file_size D num 0
maximum log file size in K bytes (0 is unlimited)
spool queue log file truncated to min_log_file_size
when value is nonzero and limited exceeded.
max_servers_active D num 0
maximum servers that LPD will allow to be active at one
time. 0 selects the system default, which is usually
pretty small, perhaps 10. (configuration value only).
max_status_line D num 79 maximum number of characters on an LPQ status line
max_status_size D num 10 maximum size (Kbytes) of status file
mc R num 1 maximum copies allowed
min_log_file_size D num 0 minimum size (Kbytes) of log file
min_status_size D num 2 minimum size (Kbytes) of status file
minfree D str 0
minimum space (in K) for spool directory
ml R num 32 minimum printable characters for printable check
ms_time_resolution D bool false
log time in milliseconds
mx R num 0 maximum job size in K, 0 = unlimited
nb D num 0 if non-zero, do a nonblocking open on lp device
nf D str NULL DITROFF data filter
network_connect_grace A num 0
time between attempts to send jobs to spooler
Useful when dealing with network printer using LPD
interface to allow a bit of time between jobs.
nline_after_file D bool false
put the N (filename) after the data file information
in the control file. Use to handle systems that want
it that way.
of D str NULL output filter, run once for all output
(used for banner printing, form feeds between files)
of_filter_options D str (see source code)
when bk flag clear, options for OF print filters
oh A str NULL Specific printcap entry for host;
(printcap entry ignored unless IP address of host and
entry value match. Entry is used first to do glob
style match against the host's fully qualified domain name,
and then interpreted as a general IP address)
order_routine D bool false
use a user provided routine to generate queue order
information.
originate_port A str 512 1023
when originating a connection, use ports in this range.
pass_env A str PGPPASS,PGPPATH
if not the LPD server, sanitize and put these variables
in a filter environment variable list.
perms_path A str /etc/lpd.perms:/usr/etc/lpd.perms
location of perms file (used in lpd.conf)
pl D num 66 page length (in lines)
pr D str ``/bin/pr'' pr program for p format
prefix_o_to_z D bool false
prefix the control file O line to the control file
Z line.
prefix the specified options to the control file
Z line.
prefix_z_to_o D bool false
prefix the control file Z line to the control file
O line.
printcap_path A str /etc/printcap:/usr/etc/printcap
location of printcap file (used in lpd.conf)
ps A str ''status'' printer status file name
pw D num 132 page width (in characters)
px D num 0 page width in pixels (horizontal)
py D num 0 page length in pixels (vertical)
qq A bool false LPR - puts in the queue name (Q entry)
in the job control file when spooled or transferred.
LPD - when receiving or transferring a job,
if the queue name (Q entry) in the job control
file is not present, puts in the queue name.
queue_control_file D str control.%P
name of the queue control file
queue_lock_file D str %P
name of the queue lock file
queue_status_file D str status.%P
name of the queue status file
queue_unspooler_file D str unspooler.%P
name of the queue unspooler status file
remote_support A str NULL
if non-null, specifies allowed operations to remote queue.
R=lpr, M=lprm, Q=lpq, V = lpq -v, C=lpc. For example,
remote_support=RM would only allow LPR and LPRM operations.
remove_z D str null
remove these options from the control file Z line
report_server_as A str NULL
use the str value as the name of the server when reporting
LPQ or LPC status.
retry_econnrefused A bool true
if set, retry a connection to a remote system when an
ECONNREFUSED error is returned.
retry_nolink D bool true
if LPD is sending a job or opening a device for
printing and the value is true, then the connection or
device open is repeated indefinately.
return_short_status D str NULL
Some legacy (non-LPRng) LPQ programs expect 'short' status
to be returned. This option allows you to specify which hosts
will get it. The value is a list of hosts and/or IPaddresses
and masks to which the LPD server will provide short status.
For example: return_short_status=192.8.0.0/16 will make LPD
return short status to all requests from hosts in subnet
192.8.0.0. (See short_status_length)
reuse_addr A bool false
if set, use SO_REUSEADDR on outgoing connection ports.
This reduces the problems with exhausting port numbers.
(usually only in lpd.conf)
reverse_lpq_status D str NULL
hosts or IP addresses, then the LPQ status format is inverted.
For example, if reverse_lpq_status=host*,127.0.0.0/8,
then when a LONG status request arrives from host1 or from
ip address 127.0.0.1, the SHORT status will be returned.
reverse_priority_order D bool false
Make highest priority A, lowest Z
rf D str NULL filter for printing FORTRAN style text files
rm A str NULL remote-queue machine (hostname) (with rp)
router D str NULL script that dynamically re-routes a job
(see README.routing)
rp A str NULL remote-queue printer name (with rm)
rw D bool false open the printer for reading and writing
safe_chars D str NULL
additional safe characters for control file contents
save_on_error D bool false
Save job when an error occurs to allow post-mortem
diagnostics or reprinting. This should only be set on
print queues. It is also a diagnostic aid.
save_when_done D bool false
Save job when done (printed, transferred) to allow
retry at a later time. This should only be set on
print queues. It is also a diagnostic aid.
sb D bool false short banner (one line only)
sd A str NULL spool directory (only ONE printer per directory!)
send_block_format A bool false
Use the LPRng extended 'block job' job transmission
method to send a job to a remote site.
send_data_first A bool false send data files then control files
when sending a job to a remote host.
send_failure_action D str "remove"
Action on print or transmission failure after send_try
attempts; use the following codes:
'success' (JSUCC) - treat as successful
'abort' (JABORT) - abort printer
'retry' (JRETRY) - retry job
'remove' (JREMOVE)- remove job
'hold' (JHOLD) - hold job
If the value is "|/filter", the filter will be run and
the number of attempts can be read from standard input.
The filter should exit with one of the error codes listed
above to cause the appropriate action.
send_job_rw_timeout A num 6000
timeout on read/write operations when sending job to
printer or remote host (0 value is no timeout)
send_query_rw_timeout A num 6000
timeout on read/write operations when performin a status
operation (0 value is no timeout)
send_try A num 3
number of times to try sending
or printing a job. 0 is infinite.
sendmail D str /usr/sbin/sendmail -oi -t
sendmail command to send mail to user. Flags must be set
so that address and other information is taken from
server A bool false printcap entry for server only
server_auth_command A str NULL
authentication command for server program
server_tmp_dir D str /tmp
temporary directory for server to create files when there
is no spool directory.
server_user D str daemon server user name used in authentication operations
sf D bool true suppress form feed separators between job files
sh D bool false suppress headers and/or banner page
shell D str /bin/sh
SHELL enviornment variable value for filters
short_status_length D num 1
If the return_short_status value is used and has a match against
a requesting address, this amount of status is set by the
short_status_length option. For most legacy systems a 1 is
suitable (1 line of status).
socket_linger A num 10
if nonzero, forces a SO_LINGER operation to be done
on all TCP/IP connections. This usually corrects a problem
with missing last data transmissions to remote hosts.
spool_dir_perms D num 042700 permissions for spool directory
spool_file_perms D num 0600 permissions for spool file
ss D str NULL name of queue that server serves (with sv)
stalled_time D num 120
Time after which to report an active job as stalled
stop_on_abort D bool true
Stop processing queue when print filter aborts.
stty D str NULL stty settings for serial connected printer
suspend_of_filter D bool true
suspend OF filter and restart. If false, close filter
and start new one for each activity.
sv D str NULL names of servers for queue (with ss)
syslog_device D str /dev/console
name of syslog device to use if no syslog facility
tc A str NULL reference to a printcap entry to include as part of
the current entry.
tf D str NULL troff data filter (C/A/T phototypesetter)
tr D str NULL trailer string to print when queue empties
translate_format D str NULL
translate job format (similar to tr(1) utility)
on outgoing jobs.
Example: translate_format=pfml
p format changed to f, m format to l
translate_incoming_format D str NULL
translate job format (similar to tr(1) utility)
on incoming jobs. See translate_format.
use_date A bool true add date line ('D') to control file
use_identifier R bool true
add job identifier lines ('A') in the control file
use_info_cache D bool true cache printcap information
use_shorthost R bool false
use only the hostname for job control
and data file names. Host information in job file
user D str daemon LPD effective user (EUID) for SUID operations
wait_for_eof D bool true
wait for EOF on input when readable IO device,
do not close immediately at job end.
vf D str NULL (Versatek) raster image filter
ENTRIES BY FUNCTION
See the alphabetical listing for detailed information.
Filters and Page Formats
Xf D str NULL output filter for format X (used by lpd)
'filter' sets default filter
cf D str NULL cifplot data filter
control_filter D str NULL
Filter for control file. Used when sending job to remote
spool queue.
df D str NULL tex data filter (DVI format)
direct_read D bool false
if true, filters are given direct access to file.
This means no progress indication possible.
fx A str NULL valid output filter formats
i.e. ``flp'' would allow f, l, and p
default is to allow all formats
gf D str NULL graph data filter (plot (3X) format)
if D str NULL filter command, run on a per-file basis
lpd_bounce R bool false
Forces lpd to filter jobs and then forward them.
(See Bounce Queues)
lpr_bounce R bool false
Forces lpr to filter jobs and then send them.
(See Bounce Queues)
nf D str NULL DITROFF data filter
of D str NULL output filter, run once for all output
pl D num 66 page length (in lines)
pr D str ``/bin/pr'' pr program for p format
pw D num 132 page width (in characters)
px D num 0 page width in pixels (horizontal)
py D num 0 page length in pixels (vertical)
rf D str NULL filter for printing FORTRAN style text files
translate_format D str NULL
translate job format (similar to tr(1) utility)
only valid when transferring to remote spool queue.
Example: translate_format=pfml
p format changed to f, m format to l
tf D str NULL troff data filter (C/A/T phototypesetter)
vf D str NULL (Versatek) raster image filter
Banners
ab D bool false always print banner, ignore lpr -h option
be D str banner printing program for end (overrides bp, hl)
bp D str banner printing program (use hl to print banner at end)
bs D str banner printing program for start (overrides bp, hl)
sb D bool false short banner (one line only)
sh D bool false suppress headers and/or banner page, overrides ab
Accounting
ae D str accounting format for end of job or a program to run
to record accounting information (see also af, la, ar
and Accounting).
af D str NULL name of accounting file (see also la, ar)
ar D bool true write remote transfer accounting (if af, and as/ae set)
as D str accounting format for start of job or a program to run
to record accounting information (see also af, la, ar
and Accounting).
la D bool true write local printer accounting (if af is set)
Queue control
ah D bool false auto-hold - job held until explicitly released
bk R bool false backwards-compatible: be strictly RFC-compliant
bkf R bool false backwards-compatible filter: use Berkeley filter options
bqfilter D bool false if a bounce queue (sends jobs to remote site)
then when bqfilter true and a format filter is specified,
sends data files through format filter before transfer.
See also 'qq'.
cd D str NULL control information directory for LPD server
cm A str NULL comment identifying printer (LPQ)
fd D bool false if true, no forwarded jobs accepted
lf D str ``log'' error and debugging log file (LPD)
longnumber D bool false
use 6 digit job numbers
mc R num 1 maximum copies allowed
ml R num 32 minimum printable characters for printable check
minfree D str 0 minimum space (Kb) to be left in spool filesystem
You can also use nnnM for nnn megabytes.
mx R num 0 maximum job size (1Kb blocks, 0 = unlimited)
ps A str ''status'' printer status file name
nw A bool false spool dir is on an NFS file system
(take precautions when reading/writing files)
qq A bool false place queue information in control file. See
alphabetical for details.
rm A str NULL remote-queue machine (hostname) (with rp)
rp A str NULL remote-queue printer name (with rm)
sd A str NULL spool directory (only ONE printer per directory!)
ss D str NULL name of queue that server serves (with sv)
sv D str NULL names of servers for queue (with ss)
sc R bool false suppress multiple copies
use_auth A str NULL authentication to use
use_date A bool true add date line ('D') to control file
use_identifier R bool true
add job identifier lines ('A') in the control file
use_shorthost R bool false use only the hostname for job control
and data file names. Host information in job file
will still be fully qualified domain name.
Connection and Interface to Printer
connect_interval A num 10
time between open or connection attempts
connect_timeout A num 10
timeout value for connection or open
(0 is infinite number)
ff D str ``\f'' string to send for a form feed (see INITIALIZATION)
fo D bool false print a form feed when device is opened
fq D bool false print a form feed when device is closed
ld D str NULL leader string printed on printer open (see INITIALIZATION)
lp D str NULL device name or pipe to send output to
lk D bool false lock the lp device to force arbitration
max_connect_interval A num 60
maximum time between connection attempts
nb D num 0 if non-zero, do a nonblocking open on lp device
retry_econnrefused A bool true
if set, retry a connection to a remote system when an
ECONNREFUSED error is returned.
retry_nolink D bool true
if LPD is sending a job or opening a device for
printing and the value is true, then the connection or
device open is repeated indefinately.
rs D num 300 number of seconds between spool queue status scans
rt D num 3 number of times to try printing (0=infinite).
rw D bool false open the printer for reading and writing
save_on_error D bool false
See above.
save_when_done D bool false
See above.
send_failure_action D str remove
See above.
send_try alias for rt
sf D bool true suppress form feed separators between job files
socket_linger A num 10
if nonzero, forces a SO_LINGER operation to be done
on all TCP/IP connections. This usually corrects a problem
with missing last data transmissions to remote hosts.
tr D str NULL trailer string to print when queue empties
Serial Line Setup
br D num none if lp is a tty, set the baud rate (see ty)
sttyy D str NULL stty commands to set output line characteristics
alias is sy, ms
xs D num 0 like `xc' but set bits (see STTY)
Miscellaneous
all A str NULL a list of all printers; (see ALL PRINTERS)
destinations D str NULL
names of printers that lpq/lprm should talk to find
a job that has been processed by a router script
(see README.routing)
forward_auth D str NULL
server to server authentication type, e.g. pgp, kerberos
Forces the clients programs (lpr, lpc, etc.)
to send all print jobs and requests to the server running
on the localhost entry for action. This flag effectively
forces BSD LPR behaviour.
force_queuename A str NULL
See above.
logger_destination D str NULL
destination for logging information. Format is
host[%port][,(TCP|UDP)]
oh D str NULL Specific printcap entry for host. See above.
remote_support A str RMQC
if non-null, specifies allowed operations to remote queue.
R=lpr, M=lprm, Q=lpq, C=lpc
router D str NULL script that dynamically re-routes a job
(see README.routing)
server A bool false printcap entry for server only
server_auth_command D str NULL
authentication command for server to use.
tc A str NULL reference to a printcap entry to include as part of
the current entry.
use_auth D str NULL
client to server authentication type, e.g. pgp, kerberos
user_auth_command R str NULL
authentication command for user (client program)
FILTERS
By convention, all output filter names have the form Xf,
where X is the lower case letter corresponding to the lpr
formatting option. The filter option can specify a
default filter for job files.
The of filter is started for each job and is used to print
the banner page and any FF separators between individual
files of the job. It is sent a special stop sequence by
the lpd server, and must suspend operations until sent a
SIGCONT signal. A file or job filter is run separately
for each file; at the end of the job the of filter is
restarted and used to print the trailing banner (if any)
and FF separators.
Filters are invoked with a standard set of options defined
by the bk_filter_options (backwards compatible),
bk_of_filter_options (backwards compatible OF filter), and
filter_options configuration variables. See the lpd(8)
manual page for details. If the first characters of the
filter specification are -$, i.e.- Xf=-$ filter, then the
command line options are not added. Currently, the
options are:
bk_filter_options $P $w $l $x $y $F $c $L $i $J $C $0n $0h $-a
bk_of_filter_options $w $l $x $y
filter_options $C $F $H $J $L $P $Q $R $Z $a $c $d \
$e $f $h $i $j $k $l $n $s $w $x $y $-a
Printcap entries which have a spool directory value (sd)
are called spool queues. Jobs sent to a printer with a
spool queue are place in the spool directory. When check
ing the spool queue for jobs, the server will check to see
if there is a printcap file in the directory with the name
printcap.host. If there is, the additional printcap
information is processed and used by the server.
If the spool directory is NFS exported, then remote hosts
can manipulate the spool entries directly; this can have
catastrophic effects, especially in systems where the NFS
implementation has defects. The printcap information is
particularly vulnerable to exploitation, as well as sym
bolic links, jobs which cannot be removed, etc.
LOCAL PRINTERS
Local printers have an lp entry, which is the device that
output should be sent to, usually a serial port tty. PLP
supplements this by using the lp field to indicate a
remote printer, or by allowing communication with the
printer using a separate program, known as an lp-pipe,
instead of a serial line. If the printcap lp entry con
tains a string of the form printer@host, jobs are for
warded to the specified remote printer on the host. If
the printcap lp entry contains a string of the form | com
mand args , the command command is run, with the arguments
args . This can be used to communicate with printers con
nected to network terminal servers, some TCP/IP-capable
printers, and just about anything you can hack up a commu
nication program for. Read the PLP Manual for more
details.
STTY OPTIONS
The stty printcap parameter recognises a set of stty(1)
options that can be used to set serial line characteris
tics for the printer. However, due to the differences
between implementations of UNIX, there are several sets of
ty options supported. Invoke lpd(8) with the ``-v'' com
mand-line option to see which set your installation is
using.
Systems using the sgtty tty manipulation interface may use
the following stty(1) options:
bs0 bs1 [-]cbreak cooked cr0
cr1 cr2 cr3 [-]decctlq [-]echo
[-]even ff0 ff1 [-]lcase [-]litout
nl0 nl1 nl2 nl3 [-]nl
[-]noflsh new [-]nohang old [-]odd
[-]raw start stop tab0 tab1
tab2 [-]tabs [-]tandem tek ti700
[-]tilde tn300 tty33 tty37 vt05
[-]evenp [-]oddp [-]pass8
[-]ignbrk [-]brkint [-]ignpar [-]parmrk [-]inpck
[-]istrip [-]inlcr [-]igncr [-]icrnl [-]iuclc
[-]ixon [-]ixany [-]ixoff [-]decctlq [-]tandem
[-]imaxbel [-]opost [-]olcuc [-]onlcr [-]ocrnl
[-]onocr [-]onlret [-]ofill [-]ofdel [-]cstopb
[-]cread [-]parenb [-]parodd [-]hupcl [-]clocal
[-]loblk [-]parity [-]evenp [-]oddp [-]stopb
[-]hup [-]crtscts [-]isig [-]noisig [-]icanon
[-]cbreak [-]xcase [-]echo [-]echoe [-]echok
[-]crterase [-]lfkc [-]echonl [-]noflsh [-]tostop
[-]echoctl [-]ctlecho [-]echoprt [-]prterase [-]echoke
[-]crtkill [-]lcase [-]nl [-]litout [-]pass8
[-]raw [-]sane [-]cooked [-]nopost fill
nl0 nl1 cr0 cr1 cr2
cr3 tab0 tab1 tab2 tab3
bs0 bs1 vt0 vt1 ff0
ff1 cs5 cs6 cs7 cs8
nul-fill del-fill -tabs
And systems using termios may use the following options:
[-]ignbrk [-]brkint [-]ignpar [-]parmrk [-]inpck
[-]istrip [-]inlcr [-]igncr [-]icrnl [-]iuclc
[-]ixon [-]ixany [-]ixoff [-]imaxbel [-]pass8
[-]opost [-]olcuc [-]onlcr [-]ocrnl [-]onocr
[-]onlret [-]ofill [-]ofdel [-]tabs nl0
nl1 cr0 cr1 cr2 cr3
tab0 tab1 tab2 tab3 bs0
bs1 vt0 vt1 ff0 ff1
cs5 cs6 cs7 cs8 [-]cstopb
[-]cread [-]parenb [-]parodd [-]hupcl [-]clocal
[-]crtscts [-]evenp [-]parity [-]oddp [-]pass8
[-]isig [-]icanon [-]xcase [-]echo [-]echoe
[-]echok [-]echonl [-]noflsh [-]tostop [-]iexten
[-]echoctl [-]ctlecho [-]echoprt [-]prterase [-]echoke
[-]crtkill [-]flusho [-]pendin
The fc , fs , xc , and xs printcap entries are obsolete,
and if present with non-zero values will abort print job
processing.
INITIALIZATION
Many printers require an initialization string to be sent
to them in order to configure their operation. The leader
(ld) and trailer (tr) strings are sent at the start and
end of job processing. These strings are interpreted
using the C language conventions for character representa
tion: \nnn is replaced with a character with the value
nnn, \n with a new line, \r with a carriage return, and so
forth.
The LPRng software has the capability to use a remote
database for obtaining printcap and other information.
One of the difficulties arises when a list of all printers
available is needed. By convention, the special printer
name all is reserved for this information; the all field
is a list of printers separated by spaces or punctuation.
For example:
#all printers
all:all=lp1,lp2,lp3,lp4
®.fi
ACCOUNTING
Accounting is done by writing information to an accounting
file or TCP/IP connection specified by the af printcap
entry. If the af value has the form host%port then a tcp
socket is opened to the specified port on the remote host
and all accounting information is sent on the socket. If
the achk flag is set, then after the string specified by
the as field has been sent then no output or a reply of
the form ACCEPT will cause the job to be printed, HOLD
will hold the job, REMOVE will remove the job, and ABORT
will cause printing to be aborted.
The printcap as and ae specify the format of the account
ing information sent at the start and end of job printing
respectively, or filters to be used to generate and/or
report accounting information. If as and ae specify fil
ters, the filters are run with STDIN set to /dev/null and
the filter should write information to its STDOUT. The
filters are passed the command line options specified by
the filter_options configuration variable (see
lpd.conf(5)), and |-$ filter will suppress adding options.
The as filter should exit with 0 (JSUCC) status if suc
cessful and the job can be printed, nonzero status JABORT
for abnormal queue termination, JREMOVE if the job cannot
be printed, and JRETRY if the job should be retried. If
the exit status is 0, then the filter's STDOUT will be
read and processed as described above. The filter's
STDERR output is logged as error messages.
BOUNCE QUEUES AND PRINT FORMATS
Bounce queues are designed to allow users to have their
files preprocessed by a set of filters before being sent
to the final destination. If a queue is being used as a
bounce queue, then the lp printcap entry must be set to
the name of the printer on the server, and the bq entry
must be the destination after filtering. This will cause
all jobs to be sent to the bounce queue, rather than
directly to the final destination. For example,
pr:lp=pr@host:bq=destpr@desthost.
This should only be done in server printcap entries.
The filters used by the bounce queue are those that would
normally be used by the LPD server for printing a job.
For example, the :if: entry would specify the filter for
the f format. Each job file is processed individually.
The lpr -p option will cause the LPD server to process job
files by the program specified by the pr printcap entry
(default is /bin/pr) and then pass through the if filter.
However, if a bounce queue is used the format of the out
put data may be changed. To accomodate this action, the
translate_format value can be used to reconfigure the for
mat. The value has the form SdSdSd..., where S is the
original format and d is the final format. This is simi
lar to the format used by the UNIX tr(1) utility. For
example, the value pfml would convert format specifica
tions p to f and m to l, but only in the job information
sent to a remote destination. Note that the original for
mat would still be supplied to any filters, and that the p
filter would need to provide any options and/or values to
be used to do formatting.
The lpr_bounce printcap flag can be used to cause LPR to
do bounce queue filtering, rather than the server. This
should be used with caution, as missing filters can cause
unexpected behaviour.
KERBEROS, PGP, AND OTHER AUTHENTICATION METHODS
LPRng supports built in kerberos authentication. To
enable this, the LPD protocol has been extended to provide
a way to transfer authenticated and/or encrypted jobs and
commands. The details are covered in other LPRng documen
tation.
FILES
The files used by LPRng are set by values in the printer
configuration file. The following are a commonly used set
of default values.
/etc/lpd.conf LPRng configuration file
/etc/printcap printer description file
/etc/lpd.perms printer permissions
/var/spool/printer* spool directories
/var/spool/printer*/printer lock file for queue control
/var/spool/printer*/control.printer queue control
/var/spool/printer*/active.printer active job
/var/spool/printer*/log.printer log file
SEE ALSO
lpd.conf(5), lpc(8), lpd(8), checkpc(8), lpr(1), lpq(1),
lprm(1), lpd.perms(5), pr(1).
DIAGNOSTICS
Most of the diagnostics are self explanatory.
set the debugging level on (-D5) and run again.
The debugging information will
help you to pinpoint the exact cause of failure.
HISTORY
LPRng is a enhanced printer spooler system with function
ality similar to the Berkeley LPR software. The LPRng
mailing list is lprng@lprng.com; subscribe by sending mail
to lprng-request@lprng.com with the word subscribe in the
body. The software is available from
ftp://ftp.astart.com/pub/LPRng.
AUTHOR
Patrick Powell <papowell@lprng.com>.
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