Hohmann is a lunar crater that lies within the central basin of the Mare Orientale formation, on the farside of the Moon. It is located to the south of Maunder crater, and to the west of Kopff crater. Due to its proximity to the western lunar limb, this area of the surface is occasionally visible during favorable librations. However the basin is viewed from the side, restricting the amount of detail that can be observed from Earth. By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater mid-point that is closest to Hohmann crater. The following craters have been renamed by the IAU. ******************* file_id: 1003603 area be libration. file_id: 1003603 feature identify_PASS lunar_maps. ******************* Vicenza(population 107,223) is the capital of the province of Vicenza in the Veneto region, northern Italy at the northern base of the Monti Berici , straddling the Bacchiglione. At , Vicenza is approximately 60 km west of Venice and 200 km east of Milan. The city has an active and lively industrial sector, which is especially famous for jewelry and clothing factories. The Gold Exposition is world-famous and it takes place in Vicenza three times per year (January, June, September). Vicenza (Roman "Vicetia") an ancient Roman municipium (from 49 BCE), but was overshadowed by its neighbor Patavium ( Padua) in Roman times. Little survives of the Roman city, but three of the bridges across the Bacchiglione and Retrone rivers are of Roman origin, and isolated arches of a Roman aqueduct exist outside Porta Sta. Croce. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century, the Vandals under Alaric then the Huns under Attila laid the area to waste. Later, it became the seat of one of the dozens of Lombard duchies, and joined the Lombard League against Federick I Barbarossa of the Holy Roman Empire. An independent commune with an oligarchic republican political structure, Vicenza was conquered in 1311 by the Scaliger i lords of Verona, who fortified it against the Visconti of Milan. Vicenza came under rule by Venice in 1405, and its subsequent history is that of Venice. Vicenza is on UNESCO's list of World Heritage Site s. The late Renaissance architect Andrea Palladio(1518-1580) was a citizen of Vicenza, as was also his contemporary, Vincenzo Scamozzi(1552-1616). Vicenza is home to several buildings of Palladio . Of notable interest is the summer house called Villa Capra "La Rotonda", located just outside the downtown area; the public building Basilica Palladiana, centrally located in Vicenza's Piazza dei Signori, of which Palladio himself said that it might stand comparison with any similar work of antiquity; and the Teatro Olimpico. Palladio also designed several palazzi for families in the city, most notably the Palazzo Chiericati, home of Vicenza's museum, and the Palazzo Barbarano. All these buildings date from ca 1560- 1590. The inhabitants of Vicenza are pejoratively known to other Italians as magnagatti(cat eaters). Purportedly, Vicentinos turned to cats for sustenance during times of famine. ******************* file_id: 101583 arch exist Porta_Sta. file_id: 101583 Vicentinos turn cat. ******************* ''' ' , or Enångers tingslag , was a district of Helsingia in Sweden. The provinces in Norrland were never divided into hundreds and instead the court district ( tingslag'') served as the basic division of rural areas. ******************* file_id: 1017282 court_district serve division. ******************* Hemocyanins (also spelled haemocyanins ) are respiratory protein s, metalloprotein s containing two copper atoms that reversibly bind a single oxygen molecule (O 2 ). Oxygenation causes a color change between the colorless Cu(I) deoxygenated form and the blue Cu(II) oxygenated form. Hemocyanins carry oxygen in the blood of most mollusc s, and some arthropod s such as the horseshoe crab . They are second only to hemoglobin in biological popularity of use in oxygen transport . Although the respiratory function of hemocyanin is similar to that of hemoglobin, there are a number of differences in its molecular structure and mechanism. Whereas hemoglobin carries its iron atoms in porphyrin rings ( heme groups), the copper atoms of hemocyanin are bound as prosthetic group s comprised of histidine peptide s. Most hemocyanins bind with oxygen non-cooperatively and are roughly one-fourth as efficient as hemoglobin at transporting oxygen per amount of blood. Hemoglobin binds oxygen cooperatively due to steric conformation a changes in the protein complex , which increases hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen when partially oxygenated. In some hemocyanins of horseshoe crab s and some other species of arthropods cooperative binding is observed, with Hill coefficient s between 1.6-3. Hill constants vary depending on species and laboratory measurement settings. Hemoglobin for comparison has a Hill coefficent of usually 2.8-3. In these cases of cooperative binding hemocyanin was arranged in protein sub-complexes of 6 subunits (hexamer) each with one oxygen binding site, binding of oxygen on one unit in the complex would increase the affinity of the neighboring units. Each hexamer complex was arranged together to form a larger complex of dozen of hexamers. In one study cooperative binding was found to be dependent on hexamers being arranged together in the larger complex, suggesting cooperative binding between hexamers. Hemocyanin oxygen binding profile is also affected by dissolve salt ion levels and pH . Hemocyanin is made of many individual subunit proteins, each of which contains two copper atoms and can bind one oxygen molecule (O 2 ). Each subunit weighs about 75 kilodaltons (kDa). Subunits may be arranged in dimer s or hexamer s depending on species, the dimer or hexamer complex are likewise arranged in chains or clusters in weights exceeding 1500 kDa. The subunits are usually homogeneous , or heterogeneous with two variant subunit types. Because of the large size of hemocyanin, it is usually found free-floating in the blood, unlike hemoglobin, which must be contained in cells because its small size would lead it to clog and damage blood filtering organs such as the kidney s. This free-floating nature allows for higher densities of hemocyanin in the blood (as compared to hemoglobin), and helps offset its low efficiency. ******************* file_id: 103324 hemocyanin carry oxygen. file_id: 103324 Whereas_hemoglobin carry iron_atoms. file_id: 103324 subunit arrange_PASS dimer. file_id: 103324 blood_filtering_organs s . ******************* In number theory, a positive integer m is called B- smooth if all prime factors p_i of m are such that p_i \leq B. For example, 2 233 565 4 is 5-smooth since none of its prime factors are greater than 5. Integer Sequences from OEIS(the numbers in parenthesis show the form of the numbers in the sequence): An important practical application of smooth numbers is for fast Fourier transform(FFT) algorithms such as the Cooley-Tukey FFT algorithm that operate by recursively breaking down a problem of a given size n into problems the size of its factors. By using B-smooth numbers, one ensures that the base cases of this recursion are small primes, for which efficient algorithms exist. (Large prime sizes require less-efficient algorithms such as Bluestein's FFT algorithm.) 7-smooth numbers are sometimes called highly composite(although this conflicts with another meaning of that term); see Highly composite number. Further, is called - if all prime dividing satisfy: For example, 2 43 25 1 is 16-powersmooth since its greatest prime factor power is 2 4= 16. The number is also 17-powersmooth, 18-powersmooth, 19-powersmooth, etc. B-smooth and B-powersmooth numbers have applications in number theory, such as Pollard's p-1 algorithm. Such applications are often said to work with "smooth numbers," with no B specified; this means the numbers involved must be B-smooth for some unspecified small number B; as B increases, the performance of the algorithm or method in question degrades rapidly. For example, the Pohlig-Hellman algorithm for computing discrete logarithms has a running time of O( B 1/2) for groups of B-smooth order. ******************* file_id: 1035039 factor p i. file_id: 1035039 algorithm exist . file_id: 1035039 size require . file_id: 1035039 B have application. ******************* The Royal Wessex Yeomanry is an armoured regiment of the Territorial Army consisting of four squadrons, each of which bears the cap badge of an old yeomanry regiment: The Royal Wessex Yeomanry currently serves two roles; the Dorset Yeomanry serves as an infrastructure and training squadron for the armour replacement role, while the other three squadrons are operational as armour replacements on the Challenger 2 tank. ******************* file_id: 1041314 Royal_Wessex_Yeomanry be replacement. ******************* Anderson is a city located in Denali Borough, Alaska . As of the 2000 census, the population of the city is 367. Anderson is located at 64°20'43" North, 149°11'43" West (64.345372, -149.195352) . Anderson lies 9 km (6 miles) west of the George Parks Highway , south of Nenana . 9 km (6 miles) south of Anderson is Clear Air Force Station, home of the 13th Space Warning Squadron (13SWS). Clear Air Force Station is located within the City boundaries. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 122.4 km² (47.3 mi² ). 121.0 km² (46.7 mi²) of it is land and 1.4 km² (0.5 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 1.14% water. As of the census of 2000 , there are 367 people, 101 households, and 74 families residing in the city. The population density is 3.0/km² (7.9/mi²). There are 148 housing units at an average density of 1.2/km² (3.2/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 86.38% White , 4.36% Black or African American , 1.36% Native American , 0.27% Asian , 0.00% Pacific Islander , 0.82% from other races , and 6.81% from two or more races. 5.18% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 101 households out of which 40.6% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.4% are married couples living together, 10.9% have a female householder with no husband present, and 26.7% are non-families. 20.8% of all households are made up of individuals and 0.0% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.60 and the average family size is 3.05. In the city the population is spread out with 21.0% under the age of 18, 12.0% from 18 to 24, 42.0% from 25 to 44, 22.6% from 45 to 64, and 2.5% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 33 years. For every 100 females there are 175.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 187.1 males. The median income for a household in the city is $58,750, and the median income for a family is $62,188. Males have a median income of $31,641 versus $23,750 for females. The per capita income for the city is $23,837. 17.6% of the population and 15.6% of families are below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 25.8% of those under the age of 18 and 10.0% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. Anderson is named after Arthur Anderson, one of several homesteaders who settled in the area in the late 1950s. In 1959, Mr. Anderson subdivided his homestead into house lots and sold most of the lots to civilian workers from Clear Air Force Station, a ballistic missile early warning site completed in 1961. An elementary school was built in the community in 1961 and Anderson incorporated as a city in 1962. In the 1960s, a road was completed between Anderson and Nenana, which gave access to Fairbanks . Vehicles were ferried across the Tanana River at Nenana until 1968, when a steel bridge was built there. In 1971 the George Parks Highway was constructed, which facilitated road access to Anchorage . ******************* file_id: 105290 40.6% have child. file_id: 105290 56.4% be couple. file_id: 105290 couple live . file_id: 105290 male have income. file_id: 105290 school build_PASS community. file_id: 105290 vehicle ferry_PASS Tanana_River. ******************* HotSauce(code named Project X) was a piece of experimental software developed by Apple Computer as a sample application of its Meta Content Framework technologies. HotSauce generated a 3D visualization of the contents of a MCF file, for example a Website. Apple offered beta versions of HotSauce as a web browser plugin for Mac OS and Microsoft Windows and a stand-alone application. The HotSauce application could also be used to navigate the contents of the hard drive or a folder on the disk. HotSauce was never released in a final version and while MCF was adapted by some web sites, most users saw no point in navigating them in a 3D space. The project was discontinued along with MCF shortly after Steve Jobs's return to the company in 1997. ******************* file_id: 1053486 apple offer version. file_id: 1053486 user see . ******************* Emmonak is a city located in Wade Hampton Census Area, Alaska . As of the 2000 census, the population of the city is 767. Emmonak is located at 62°46'38" North, 164°32'42" West (62.777328, -164.544920) . According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 22.4 km² (8.6 mi² ). 19.5 km² (7.5 mi²) of it is land and 2.9 km² (1.1 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 13.08% water. As of the census of 2000 , there are 767 people, 189 households, and 150 families residing in the city. The population density is 39.4/km² (102.2/mi²). There are 218 housing units at an average density of 11.2/km² (29.0/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 5.61% White , 0.26% Black or African American , 91.26% Native American , 0.13% Asian , 0.00% Pacific Islander , 0.00% from other races , and 2.74% from two or more races. 1.04% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 189 households out of which 55.6% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.1% are married couples living together, 18.0% have a female householder with no husband present, and 20.6% are non-families. 16.9% of all households are made up of individuals and 3.2% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 4.06 and the average family size is 4.58. In the city the population is spread out with 44.1% under the age of 18, 8.3% from 18 to 24, 27.2% from 25 to 44, 15.4% from 45 to 64, and 5.0% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 23 years. For every 100 females there are 116.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 113.4 males. The median income for a household in the city is $32,917, and the median income for a family is $38,750. Males have a median income of $23,750 versus $18,542 for females. The per capita income for the city is $9,069. 16.2% of the population and 16.4% of families are below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 15.9% of those under the age of 18 and 9.1% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. ******************* file_id: 105702 55.6% have child. file_id: 105702 47.1% be couple. file_id: 105702 couple live . file_id: 105702 male have income. ******************* Reformed epistemology is the title given to a broad body of epistemological viewpoints relating to God's existence that have been offered by a group of Protestant Christian philosophers that includes Alvin Plantinga, William Alston, and Nicholas Wolterstorff among others. Rather than a body of arguments, ''reformed epistemology refers more to the epistemological stance that belief in God is properly basic, and therefore no argument for His existence is needed. It has been said the title comes from the fact that this view represent a continuation of the thinking about the relationship between faith and reason found in the 16th century Reformers, particularly John Calvin. Reformed epistemology aims to demonstrate the failure of objections that theistic Christian belief is unjustified, unreasonable, intellectually sub-par or otherwise epistemically-challenged in some way. Rationalists, foundationalists and evidentialists claim that theistic belief is rational only if there is propositional and or physical evidence for it, of which they assert there is none. Reformed epistemology seeks to defend faith as rational by demonstrating that epistemic propositions of theistic belief are properly basic and hence justified; as opposed to the truth of theistic belief. Reformed epistemology grew out of the parity argument presented by Alvin Plantinga in his book 'God and Other Minds' of 1967. There Plantinga concluded that belief in other minds is rational, hence, belief in God is also rational. Later, Plantinga in his 1999 book 'Warranted Christian Belief' argues that theistic belief has 'warrant' because there is an epistemically possible model according to which theistic belief is justified in a basic way. In epistemology, warrant refers to that part of the theory of justification that deals with understanding how beliefs can be justified or warranted. Plantinga contends that this model is likely true if theistic belief is true; and on the other hand, the model is unlikely to be true if theism is false. This connection between the truth of theism and its positive epistemic status implies that the goal of showing theistic belief to be externally rational or warranted requires reasons for supposing that theism is true . Those of faith have frequently criticized Reformed epistemology for favoring or or being exclusively committed to negative apologetics, counter-arguments to arguments that faith is not rational, and that it offers no reasons for supposing that theism or Christianity is true, so-called positive apologetics. Criticisms from those critical of or neutral to faith as rational have included that Reformed epistemology rests on the presupposition that there is religious truth, but does not present any argument to show that there is any. Another common criticism is that as a tool for discriminating justified from unjustified constituent beliefs, Reformed epistemology falls short; that it springs forth from a presupposition that within each of us resides a doxastic mechanism that generates religious convictions, belief in God, etc., supporting the conclusion that such beliefs are innate, hence properly basic. ******************* file_id: 1060840 title give_PASS body. file_id: 1060840 Rationalists_,_foundationalists_and_evidentialists claim . file_id: 1060840 deal justify_PASS . file_id: 1060840 reason be . file_id: 1060840 argument be . file_id: 1060840 mechanism generate conviction. ******************* Oakhaven is a city located in Hempstead County, Arkansas . As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 54. Oakhaven is located at 33°43'46" North, 93°37'10" West (33.729477, -93.619571) . According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 0.1 km² (0.1 mi² ). 0.1 km² (0.1 mi²) of it is land and none of it is covered by water. As of the census of 2000 , there are 54 people, 20 households, and 17 families residing in the city. The population density is 417.0/km² (985.7/mi²). There are 24 housing units at an average density of 185.3/km² (438.1/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 90.74% White , 0.00% Black or African American , 0.00% Native American , 0.00% Asian , 0.00% Pacific Islander , 1.85% from other races , and 7.41% from two or more races. 1.85% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 20 households out of which 45.0% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.0% are married couples living together, 20.0% have a female householder with no husband present, and 15.0% are non-families. 15.0% of all households are made up of individuals and 15.0% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.70 and the average family size is 3.00. In the city the population is spread out with 35.2% under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 18.5% from 25 to 44, 20.4% from 45 to 64, and 18.5% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 35 years. For every 100 females there are 86.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 94.4 males. The median income for a household in the city is $63,750, and the median income for a family is $63,750. Males have a median income of $63,125 versus $25,625 for females. The per capita income for the city is $22,535. 0.0% of the population and 0.0% of families are below the poverty line . ******************* file_id: 107013 45.0% have child. file_id: 107013 60.0% be couple. file_id: 107013 couple live . file_id: 107013 male have income. ******************* Fortitude Valley, also known simply as the Valley is a suburb of central Brisbane, Australia. It is the hub of Brisbane's nightlife, renowned for its nightclubs and adult entertainment. It is also the hub for the gay scene, with many gay nightclubs and venues. In recent years, the reputation of the valley has improved, previously marred by crime and the high number of homeless people wandering the streets. The Brunswick Street Mall is the centrepiece of the Valley, boasting several clubs, restaurants, fast food outlets, hotels, and venues for live bands. Security improvements in recent years for the mall include a small police station, and security cameras. The Valley is also home to Brisbane's Chinatown. Fortitude Valley has undergone dramatic residential and commercial development, with its becoming the most rapidly growing suburb in Brisbane. ******************* file_id: 1070159 Security_improvements include police_station_,_and_security_cameras. ******************* Cove is a town located in Polk County, Arkansas . As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 383. Cove is located at 34°26'11" North, 94°24'43" West (34.436384, -94.411845) . According to the United States Census Bureau , the town has a total area of 4.5 km² (1.7 mi² ). 4.5 km² (1.7 mi²) of it is land and none of it is covered by water. As of the census of 2000 , there are 383 people, 150 households, and 102 families residing in the town. The population density is 85.5/km² (221.6/mi²). There are 181 housing units at an average density of 40.4/km² (104.7/mi²). The racial makeup of the town is 94.78% White , 0.00% Black or African American , 3.92% Native American , 0.00% Asian , 0.00% Pacific Islander , 0.26% from other races , and 1.04% from two or more races. 1.04% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 150 households out of which 38.0% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.3% are married couples living together, 9.3% have a female householder with no husband present, and 32.0% are non-families. 28.7% of all households are made up of individuals and 14.0% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.55 and the average family size is 3.17. In the town the population is spread out with 29.8% under the age of 18, 10.7% from 18 to 24, 29.2% from 25 to 44, 16.7% from 45 to 64, and 13.6% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 32 years. For every 100 females there are 112.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 100.7 males. The median income for a household in the town is $17,368, and the median income for a family is $21,875. Males have a median income of $16,964 versus $17,500 for females. The per capita income for the town is $8,310. 28.8% of the population and 25.0% of families are below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 35.0% of those under the age of 18 and 16.9% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. ******************* file_id: 107198 38.0% have child. file_id: 107198 53.3% be couple. file_id: 107198 couple live . file_id: 107198 male have income. ******************* In the fictional universe of Warhammer 40,000 , the Necrontyr are the precursors of the Necron race, before their entire species was formed into a series of science fiction"killer-robots". Little is known about them, save that they were converted into Necrons by the might of the C'tan. What is known is that they lived short lives due to their homeworld being in a system with a brutally strong star that gave them cancers and other horrible condition s; this was reflected in the architecture, with the living more like temporary residents then owners. To extend their lives, they pursued technological progress, rather than Warp spawned magic. Upon encountering the Old Ones, they asked for their help. However, the Old Ones refused, and the Necrontyr turned on the elder race. They could not hope to stand against their might, and were quickly reduced to a minor annoyance. But their technological progress continued, and upon discovering the C'tan, they offered them physical bodies. Before long, the C'tan were worshipped as gods. With the power of the C'tan the Necrontyr could finally fight on even terms with the Old Ones. However, the "star gods" had one nasty trick up their sleeves. They convinced the majority of the Necrontyr to imbed their own minds in living machines. In doing so, they left their bodies to be consumed by the C'tan. At the last moment the Necrontyr figured out the brutal cost of this boon. They would be the slaves of the C'tan forever. The Necrontyr were thus utterly purged, becoming instead the Necrons, immortal servants of the C'tan. ******************* file_id: 1077985 life be system. file_id: 1077985 C worship_PASS god. ******************* Beckwourth is a census-designated place located in Plumas County, California . As of the 2000 census, the CDP had a total population of 342. Beckwourth is located at 39°49'39" North, 120°24'13" West (39.827528, -120.403710) . According to the United States Census Bureau , the CDP has a total area of 30.3 km² (11.7 mi² ). 30.3 km² (11.7 mi²) of it is land and none of it is covered by water. As of the census of 2000 , there are 342 people, 147 households, and 108 families residing in the CDP. The population density is 11.3/km² (29.3/mi²). There are 225 housing units at an average density of 7.4/km² (19.3/mi²). The racial makeup of the CDP is 93.86% White , 0.00% Black or African American , 2.05% Native American , 0.00% Asian , 0.88% Pacific Islander , 1.46% from other races , and 1.75% from two or more races. 2.92% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 147 households out of which 23.8% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.0% are married couples living together, 5.4% have a female householder with no husband present, and 25.9% are non-families. 19.7% of all households are made up of individuals and 10.9% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.33 and the average family size is 2.67. In the CDP the population is spread out with 19.0% under the age of 18, 3.5% from 18 to 24, 21.3% from 25 to 44, 33.6% from 45 to 64, and 22.5% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 48 years. For every 100 females there are 94.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 100.7 males. The median income for a household in the CDP is $47,813, and the median income for a family is $52,031. Males have a median income of $49,219 versus $31,250 for females. The per capita income for the CDP is $16,928. 2.8% of the population and 0.0% of families are below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 0.0% of those under the age of 18 and 4.8% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. ******************* file_id: 107858 66.0% be couple. file_id: 107858 couple live . file_id: 107858 male have income. ******************* Davy is a small lunar crater that is located on the eastern edge of the Mare Nubium. It is overlaying the lava-flooded remains of the satellite crater 'Davy Y' to the east, a formation which contains a crater chain designated Catena Davy. To the southeast of Davy is the prominent Alphonsus crater. The outer rim of Davy is low, and the interior has been partly resurfaced. The perimeter is somewhat polygon al in shape, especially in the western half, and the southeast rim has been overlain by the 'Davy A' crater. The later is bowl-shaped with a notch in the northern rim. The interior of Davy lacks a central peak, although there are some low central mounds and the rim of 'Davy Y' forms a low ridge leading from the northern outer rim. This linear string of 23 tiny craters runs from the mid-point of 'Davy Y' toward Ptolemaeus walled-basin, following a slightly curving course to the east-northeast. It is located at selenographic coordinates 11.0° S, 7.0° W, and has a diameter of 50 km. This formation is not believed to be due to secondary cratering because it is not radial to a suitable source crater. The most likely cause is believed to be due to a single body that broke apart prior to impact due to tidal effects. High resolution images have demonstrated that the craters formed at about the same time since the ejecta from each crater does not overlay neighboring craters. However there are still some scientists who believe that this chain of craters may be volcanic in origin. The members of this crater chain listed below have been assigned individual names by the IAU. However their position in the chain is not readily distinguished based on their official coordinate s. By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater mid-point that is closest to Davy crater. ******************* file_id: 1079659 resolution_images demonstrate_PASS . file_id: 1079659 crater be origin. file_id: 1079659 feature identify_PASS lunar_maps. ******************* Shasta Lake is a city located in Shasta County, California . As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 9,008. It is the closest town to Lake Shasta and the Shasta Dam , which are popular tourist destinations. Shasta Lake is located at 40°40'41" North, 122°22'12" West (40.678167, -122.370003) . According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 28.3 km² (10.9 mi² ). 28.3 km² (10.9 mi²) of it is land and none of it is covered by water. As of the census of 2000 , there are 9,008 people, 3,391 households, and 2,377 families residing in the city. The population density is 318.8/km² (825.6/mi²). There are 3,732 housing units at an average density of 132.1/km² (342.0/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 87.82% White , 0.72% African American , 4.43% Native American , 0.36% Asian , 0.09% Pacific Islander , 2.00% from other races , and 4.58% from two or more races. 6.18% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 3,391 households out of which 34.3% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.5% are married couples living together, 15.8% have a female householder with no husband present, and 29.9% are non-families. 23.7% of all households are made up of individuals and 10.6% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.64 and the average family size is 3.09. In the city the population is spread out with 28.8% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 27.3% from 25 to 44, 22.9% from 45 to 64, and 13.1% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 36 years. For every 100 females there are 97.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 93.2 males. The median income for a household in the city is $26,275, and the median income for a family is $33,010. Males have a median income of $31,418 versus $20,951 for females. The per capita income for the city is $13,678. 20.1% of the population and 16.5% of families are below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 25.1% of those under the age of 18 and 6.5% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. ******************* file_id: 108198 34.3% have child. file_id: 108198 48.5% be couple. file_id: 108198 couple live . file_id: 108198 male have income. ******************* In Christian architecture the baptistery or baptistry( Latin baptisterium) is the separate centrally-planned structure surrounding the baptismal font. The baptistery may be incorporated within the body of a church or cathedral and be provided with an altar as a chapel. In the early Christian Church, the catechumens were instructed and the sacrament of baptism was administered in the baptistery. The sacramental importance and sometimes architectural splendor of the baptistry reflect the importance of baptism to Christians. The octagonal plan of the Lateran Baptistery, the first structure expressly built as a baptistry, provided a widely-followed model, which might be twelve-sided, or even circular as at Pisa. In a narthex or ante-room the catechumens were instructed and made their confession of faith before baptism. The main interior space centered upon the baptismal font( piscina), in which those to be baptized were immersed thrice. Three steps led down to the floor of the font, and over it might be suspended a gold or silver dove. The iconography of frescos or mosaics on the walls were commonly of the scenes in the life of Saint John the Baptist. The font was at first always of stone, but latterly metals were often used. The Lateran baptistery's font was fed by a natural spring. When the site had been the palatial dwelling of the Laterani, before Constantine presented it to Bishop Miltiades, the spring formed the water source for the numerous occupants of the domus. It will be quickly apprehended that as the requirements for Christian baptisteries expanded, Christianization of sacred pagan springs presented natural opportunities. Cassiodorus, in a letter written in A.D. 527, described a fair held at a former pagan shrine of Leucothea, in the still culturally Greek region of south Italy, which had been Christianized by converting it to a baptistery ( Variae8.33). In a paper read in 1999, Samuel J. Barnish drew examples of the transition from miraculous springs to baptisteries from Gregory of Tours(died c.594) and Maximus, bishop of Turin(died c.466). Baptisteries belong to a period of the church when great numbers of adult catechumens were baptized, and when immersion was the rule. We find little or no trace of them before Constantine made Christianity the state religion, i.e. before the 4th century; and as early as the 6th century the baptismal font was built in the porch of the church and then in the church itself. After the 9th century, with infant baptism increasingly the rule, few baptisteries were built. Some of the older baptisteries were very large, so large that we hear of councils and synods being held in them. It was necessary to make them large, because in the early Church it was customary for the bishop to baptize all the catechumens in his diocese(and so baptisteries are commonly found attached to the cathedral and not to the parish churches), and also because the rite was performed only thrice in the year. During the months when there were no baptisms the baptistery doors were sealed with the bishop's seal, a method of controlling the orthodoxy of all baptism in the diocese. Some baptisteries were divided into two parts to separate the sexes; sometimes the church had two baptisteries, one for each sex. A fireplace was often provided to warm the neophytes after immersion. Though baptisteries were forbidden to be used as burial-places by the Council of Auxerre(578) they were not uncommonly used as such. The Florentine Antipope John XXIII was buried in the Baptistery facing Florence's Duomo with great ceremony and a tomb erected. Many of the early archbishops of Canterbury were buried in the baptistery at Canterbury. Baptisteries, we find from the records of early councils, were first built and used to correct the evils arising from the practice of private baptism. As soon as Christianity made such progress that baptism became the rule, and as soon as immersion gave place to sprinkling, the ancient baptisteries were no longer necessary. They are still in general use, however, in Florence and Pisa. The baptistery of the Lateran must be the earliest ecclesiastical building still in use. ( Main article: Lateran Baptistery.) A large part of it remains as built by Constantine. The central area, where is the basin of the font, is an octagon around which stand eight porphyry columns, with marble capitals and entablature of classical form; outside these are an ambulatory and outer walls forming a larger octagon. Attached to one side, towards the Lateran basilica, is a fine porch with two noble porphyry columns and richly carved capitals, bases and entablatures. The circular church of Santa Costanza, also of the 4th century, served as a baptistery and contained the tomb of the daughter of Constantine. This is a remarkably perfect structure with a central dome, columns and mosaics of classical fashion. Two side niches contain the earliest known mosaics of distinctively Christian subjects. In one is represented Moses receiving the Old Law, in the other Christ delivers to Saint Peter the New Law charter sealed with the XP monogram. The earliest surviving structure that was used as a baptistry is the tomb-like baptistry at Dura-Europas . Another baptistery of the earliest times has been excavated at Aquileia. Ruins of an early baptistery have also been found at Salona. At Ravenna exist two famous baptisteries encrusted with fine mosaics, one of them built in the middle of the 5th century, and the other in the 6th. To the latter date also belongs a large baptistery decorated with mosaics at Naples. In the East the metropolitan baptistery at Constantinople still stands at the side of the mosque which was once the patriarchal Church of Saint Sophia; and many others, in Syria, have been made known to us by recent researches, as also have some belonging to the churches of North Africa. In France the most famous early baptistery is Saint Jean at Poitiers, and other early examples exist at Riez, Fréjus and Aix. In England, a detached baptistery is known to have been associated with Canterbury Cathedral. Famous Italian baptistries include: ******************* file_id: 1085111 Barnish draw example. file_id: 1085111 baptistery belong period. file_id: 1085111 baptism use_PASS place. file_id: 1085111 mose receive Old_Law. file_id: 1085111 baptistery encrust_PASS mosaic. file_id: 1085111 baptistery decorate_PASS mosaic. file_id: 1085111 Famous_Italian_baptistries include . ******************* Central Waterford is a census-designated place located in New London County, Connecticut . As of the 2000 census, the CDP had a total population of 2,935. According to the United States Census Bureau , the CDP has a total area of 5.2 km² (2.0 mi² ). 5.2 km² (2.0 mi²) of it is land and none of it is covered by water. As of the census 2 of 2000 , there are 2,935 people, 1,298 households, and 759 families residing in the CDP. The population density is 566.6/km² (1,465.7/mi²). There are 1,379 housing units at an average density of 266.2/km² (688.6/mi²). The racial makeup of the CDP is 91.65% White , 2.66% African American , 0.41% Native American , 2.28% Asian , 0.00% Pacific Islander , 1.33% from other races , and 1.67% from two or more races. 2.93% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 1,298 households out of which 23.0% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.5% are married couples living together, 10.9% have a female householder with no husband present, and 41.5% are non-families. 36.6% of all households are made up of individuals and 17.3% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.19 and the average family size is 2.87. In the CDP the population is spread out with 20.2% under the age of 18, 5.0% from 18 to 24, 28.9% from 25 to 44, 22.1% from 45 to 64, and 23.7% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 42 years. For every 100 females there are 88.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 84.3 males. The median income for a household in the CDP is $42,409, and the median income for a family is $48,494. Males have a median income of $40,591 versus $29,015 for females. The per capita income for the CDP is $22,083. 9.6% of the population and 5.9% of families are below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 19.3% of those under the age of 18 and 8.2% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. ******************* file_id: 108811 43.5% be couple. file_id: 108811 couple live . file_id: 108811 male have income. ******************* Halesworth is a small market town (population of around 6000) in the north east corner of Suffolk, England. It is located 15 miles south west of Lowestoft, and straddles the River Blyth, nine miles upstream from the unspoilt, traditional seaside town of Southwold. The town is served by Halesworth railway station on the Ipswich- Lowestoft East Suffolk Line. Halesworth is twinned with both Bouchain in France and Eitorf in Germany. A Roman settlement in origin, Halesworth has the beautiful St Mary's Church (medieval with Victorian additions) and a pleasant pastiche of houses, from early timber-framed buildings to the dignified remnants of Victorian prosperity. The distinctive former almshouses now house Halesworth & District Museum, open from May to September. The recently opened and well demarcated Town Trail offers a pleasant walk, discovering the history of Halesworth. Halesworth is primarily centered on a pedestrianised, shopping street know as the Thoroughfare. "Thoroughfare" is an East Anglian term for the main street of a town. What would be commonly known elsewhere in the UK as the "High Street". Each year the Thoroughfare hosts a popular food, drink and craft fair, termed the "Thoroughfair", to raise money for good causes. Thousands attend. Halesworth's New Cut Arts, a centre for arts in the community, offers arts, music, theatre, dance, comedy, cinema, workshops and Art Exhibitions to the local area. It has a cafeteria and licensed bar. New Cut Arts is a registered charity with no central funding, relying on the support of the local community and its 500 Club benefactors. Halesworth boasts the largest Millennium Green in the UK with around 44 acres of grazing marsh providing a beautiful haven for wildlife close to the town centre. The surrounding countryside is easily accessible for walkers and cyclists. The rivers in this area are home to heron, kingfisher and otter. Deer roam Dunwich Forest and the RSPB Nature Reserve at Minsmere is home to all manner of wildlife. Halesworth's most famous resident is George Lansbury, founding member of the Labour Party, pacifist and grandfather of the actress Angela Lansbury. An interesting anecdote is that Halesworth used to issue its own banknotes! A five-guinea banknote, issued by the Suffolk and Halesworth Bank in 1799, has recently been recovered. Nearby villages include Cratfield. Most of this content is provided with the kind permission of: ******************* file_id: 1089742 countryside be walkers_and_cyclists. file_id: 1089742 arts_,_music_,_theatre_,_dance_,_comedy_,_cinema_,_workshops_and_Art_Exhibitions use . file_id: 1089742 village include cratfield. ******************* Lake Pukaki is the second largest of three roughly parallel alpine lakes running north-south along the northern edge of the Mackenzie Basin(the others are Lakes Tekapo and Ohau). All three lakes were created by receding glaciers blocking their respective valleys with their terminal moraine. The glacial feed to the lakes gives them a distinction blue colour, created by glacial flour(extremely finely ground rock particles from the glaciers). It covers an area of 80 km 2, and is at an altitude of 480 metres above sea level. The lake is fed at its northern end by the braided Tasman River, which has its source in the Tasman and Hooker Glaciers, close to Mount Cook. Good views of the mountain, 70 kilometres to the north, can be had from the southern shore of the lake. The lake's outflow is at its southern end, into the Pukaki River. The lake is an upper part of the Waitaki hydroelectric scheme, and as such, several dams and artificial canals are found near its outflow, linking it with lakes Tekapo and Ruataniwha. The lake has been raised twice to increase storage capacity, submerging Five Pound Note Island (which once appeared on New Zealand's Five Pound note). ******************* file_id: 1091441 canal find_PASS outflow. ******************* Whitfield is a census-designated place located in Manatee County, Florida . As of the 2000 census, the CDP had a total population of 2,984. Whitfield is located at 27°24'42" North, 82°34'3" West (27.411620, -82.567518) . According to the United States Census Bureau , the CDP has a total area of 3.7 km² (1.4 mi² ). 3.6 km² (1.4 mi²) of it is land and 0.1 km² (0.04 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 1.41% water. As of the census of 2000 , there are 2,984 people, 1,244 households, and 878 families residing in the CDP. The population density is 822.9/km² (2,125.0/mi²). There are 1,364 housing units at an average density of 376.2/km² (971.3/mi²). The racial makeup of the CDP is 94.27% White , 2.98% African American , 0.13% Native American , 0.70% Asian , 0.07% Pacific Islander , 0.80% from other races , and 1.04% from two or more races. 4.73% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 1,244 households out of which 21.9% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.0% are married couples living together, 9.1% have a female householder with no husband present, and 29.4% are non-families. 20.8% of all households are made up of individuals and 8.9% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.40 and the average family size is 2.75. In the CDP the population is spread out with 17.9% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 26.9% from 25 to 44, 28.3% from 45 to 64, and 20.7% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 44 years. For every 100 females there are 96.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 94.3 males. The median income for a household in the CDP is $51,536, and the median income for a family is $54,009. Males have a median income of $35,444 versus $24,375 for females. The per capita income for the CDP is $25,408. 6.3% of the population and 3.3% of families are below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 8.3% of those under the age of 18 and 6.6% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. ******************* file_id: 109389 58.0% be couple. file_id: 109389 couple live . file_id: 109389 male have income. ******************* The AAR wheel arrangement system is a method of classifying locomotive (or unit) wheel arrangements that was developed by the Association of American Railroads. It is essentially a simplification of the European UIC classification, and it is widely used in North America to describe diesel and electric locomotives. It is not used for steam locomotive s; instead, the Whyte notation is used. This system counts axles instead of wheels. Letters refer to powered axles, and numbers to unpowered (or idler) axles. "A" refers to one powered axle, "B" to two powered axles in a row, "C" to three powered axles in a row, and "D" to four powered axles in a row. "1" refers to one idler axle, and "2" to two idler axles in a row. A dash ("–") separates trucks, or wheel assemblies. A plus sign ("+") refers to articulation. "A1A-3" means there are two trucks, or wheel assemblies. The "A1A" truck is under the front of the unit, and has one powered axle, one idler axle, and one more powered axle. The "3" truck is under the back of the unit, and has three idler axles in a row. An example would be the Baldwin1,000 hp (750 kW) cab unit DR-6-2-10; one example for the Chicago and North Western Railway was built in 1948. "A1A-A1A" means there are two identical trucks, or wheel assemblies under the unit. Each truck has one powered axle, one idler axle, and one more powered axle. This was to more evenly spread the weight of the locomotive over the track. Examples would be the EMD E-units and Alco PA's, which were passenger locomotives. "B" means there are two powered axles under the unit. These axles are not articulated relative to other parts of the locomotive. This arrangement is only used on very small locomotives. "B-1" means there are two trucks, or wheel assemblies. The "B" truck is under the front of the unit, and has two powered axles. The "1" truck is under the back of the unit, and has one idler axle. Examples are the three LWT12 ' Aerotrain' locomotives built by EMD in 1956. "B-2" means there are two trucks, or wheel assemblies. The "B" truck is under the front of the unit, and has two powered axles. The "2" truck is under the back of the unit, and has two idler axles in a row. Examples are the three lightweight locomotives built by Baldwin in 1956 and 1957 for use with Pullman-Standard Train X equipment. "B-A1A" means there are two trucks, or wheel assemblies. The "B" truck is under the front of the unit, and has two powered axles. The "A1A" truck is under the back of the unit, and has one powered axle, one idler axle, and one more powered axle. Examples would be the Fairbanks-Morse passenger C-liners, built from 1950- 1955 and the EMD FL9. "B-B" means there are two identical trucks, or wheel assemblies under the unit. Each truck has two powered axles. Examples would be the EMD GP(General Purpose) units. This is a currently popular configuration used in high-speed, low-weight applications, such as intermodal trains. "B-B-B" means there are three identical trucks, or wheel assemblies under the unit. Each truck has two powered axles. This arrangement is unusual. Placing six axles in a C-C arrangement is far more common. The EMD GM10 electric locomotive used this arrangement. "B+B-B+B" means there are four identical trucks, or wheel assemblies under the unit. Within each truck, there are two powered axles, and pairs of them are connected by span bolsters. An example would be the General Electric U50, built from 1963- 1965. The 4500 horsepower (3.4 MW) turbine locomotives built by GE for Union Pacific also used this arrangement. The EVFM railway of Brazil uses narrow gauge GE "BB" locomotives with this arrangement, both with "standard" and wide cabs. A GE BB40-9W, for instance, is a wide cab Dash 9 series 4000 HP locomotive with a B+B-B+B wheel arrangement. "B-B+B-B" means that the locomotive has four identical trucks, or wheel assemblies. Each truck contains two powered axles. The middle pair of trucks are connected by a span bolster. In most cases the locomotive is articulated over the span bolster. The Union Pacific's M-10002 is an example of this type. This arrangement also includes locomotives made of two permanently coupled B-B units, such as some EMD FT units which had a solid drawbar connecting two units instead of the typical couplers. "C" means there are three powered axles under the unit. They are not articulated relative to other parts of the locomotive. This arrangement is only used on very small locomotives. "C-C" means there are two identical trucks, or wheel assemblies under the unit. Each truck has three powered axles. Examples would be the EMD SD(Special Duty) units. This is a currently popular configuration used in low-speed, high-weight applications, such as unit coal trains. "2-C+C-2" means there are two sets of articulated axles under the unit. Within each of these sets, there is a truck with two idler axles, and inboard of it are three powered axles. Two of these articulated sets are placed back to back and connected by a hinge. The GG1 electric locomotives and GE steam turbine electric locomotives used this arrangement. "C-C+C-C" means there are four identical trucks, or wheel assemblies under the unit. Each truck has three powered axles. The only examples of this type were the 8500 horsepower (6.3 MW) turbine locomotives built by General Electric for Union Pacific. These locomotives consisted of two permanently coupled C-C units. "C+C-C+C" means there are four identical trucks, or wheel assemblies under the unit. Each truck has three powered axles and pairs of them are connected by span bolsters. This was used on the "Jawn Henry" steam turbine-electric locomotive. "2-D-2" means there are three trucks, or wheel assemblies under the unit. At either end are trucks with two idler axles. The center truck has four powered axles. The PRR R1 electric locomotive used this arrangement. "D-D" means there are two identical trucks, or wheel assemblies under the unit. Each truck has four powered axles. Examples are the EMD DD units. "2-D+D-2" means there are two sets of articulated axles under the unit. Within each of these sets, there is a truck with two idler axles, and inboard of it are four powered axles. Two of these articulated sets are placed back to back and connected by a hinge. Examples include the Baldwin DR-12-8-1500/2 "Centipede" diesel locomotives and the GE Little Joe electric locomotive s. "B-D+D-B" means there are two sets of articulated axles under the unit. Within each of these sets, there is a truck with two powered axles, and inboard of it are four powered axles. Two of these articulated sets are placed back to back and connected by a hinge. The W1 class of electric locomotives built by General Electric for the Great Northern used this arrangement. "1B-D+D-B1" means there are two sets of articulated axles under the unit. Within each of these sets, there is a truck with one unpowered axle and two powered axles, and inboard of it are four powered axles. Two of these articulated sets are placed back to back and connected by a hinge. The "Bi-Polar" electric locomotives used by the Milwaukee Road used this arrangement. ******************* ******************* Calhoun is a city located in Gordon County, Georgia. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 10,667. The city is the county seat of Gordon County . Calhoun is located at 34°29'60" North, 84°56'33" West (34.499898, -84.942584) , along the Oostanaula River. Calhoun was a part of the Cherokee Nation until December 29, 1835, when Georgia claimed the Cherokee lands that became Gordon County. When the Cherokees refused to give up their lands, the U.S. Army was sent to the region to force them to move to the American West(see Trail of Tears). After the Cherokees left, a small town called Dawsonville was founded in the region, named for the owner of an early general store. Dawnsonville was later renamed Calhoun to honor U.S. Senator John C. Calhoun following his death in 1850. Instead of designating the location of the county seat, Gordon County's inferior court called an election to allow the voters to choose between a site on the Western & Atlantic Railroad or a site more centrally located within the county. Voters chose a site along the railroad, so the inferior court designated Calhoun as county seat in 1851(see 1837 map). The legislature incorporated Calhoun in an act approved on January 12, 1852(Ga. Laws 1851-52, p. 419). In 1861, Calhounians joined the Confederacy during the American Civil War. On May 16, 1864, Calhoun was near the center of action as Union General William Tecumseh Sherman and Confederate General Joseph E. Johnston postured before the outbreak of the Battle of Adairsville during Sherman's Atlanta Campaign. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 30.2 km²(11.7 mi²). 30.2 km² (11.6 mi²) of it is land and 0.1 km² (0.04 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 0.17% water. As of the census of 2000, there are 10,667 people, 4,049 households, and 2,672 families residing in the city. The population density is 353.5/km² (915.4/mi²). There are 4,298 housing units at an average density of 142.4/km² (368.8/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 77.91% White, 7.56% African American, 0.42% Native American, 1.00% Asian, 0.14% Pacific Islander, 11.61% from other races, and 1.36% from two or more races. 17.07% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 4,049 households out of which 30.9% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.8% are married couples living together, 13.9% have a female householder with no husband present, and 34.0% are non-families. 28.8% of all households are made up of individuals and 12.0% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.56 and the average family size is 3.07. In the city the population is spread out with 24.2% under the age of 18, 11.2% from 18 to 24, 31.0% from 25 to 44, 20.1% from 45 to 64, and 13.5% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 34 years. For every 100 females there are 98.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 96.7 males. The median income for a household in the city is $33,618, and the median income for a family is $42,310. Males have a median income of $27,616 versus $25,018 for females. The per capita income for the city is $19,887. 16.8% of the population and 12.5% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 20.8% of those under the age of 18 and 19.1% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. Calhoun is a home of New Echota Historic Site, a museum of Cherokee Nation capital, and Oakleigh, the home of the Gordon County Historical Society used to be General Sherman's Headquarter. ******************* file_id: 110124 voter choose site. file_id: 110124 calhounian join confederacy. file_id: 110124 30.9% have child. file_id: 110124 47.8% be couple. file_id: 110124 couple live . file_id: 110124 male have income. ******************* Waycross is a city located in Ware County, Georgia . As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 15,333. The city is the county seat of Ware County . Notable residents include musician Gram Parsons , of The Byrds , the Flying Burrito Brothers , and the International Submarine Band . Other residents achieving some measure of fame are playwright and actor Ossie Davis , and actors Pernell Roberts and Burt Reynolds . Reynolds moved away at an early age but Davis and Roberts grew to adulthood in Waycross. Davis attended Center High School and Roberts attended Waycross High School . Waycross is also home to the Jones Company, a local conglomerate which owns a number of businesses operating in the area. Waycross is located at 31°12'50" North, 82°21'18" West (31.213860, -82.354911) . Waycross is the city closest to the Okefenokee Swamp . According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 30.3 km² (11.7 mi² ). 30.3 km² (11.7 mi²) of it is land and 0.1 km² (0.04 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 0.17% water. As of the census of 2000 , there are 15,333 people, 6,094 households, and 3,741 families residing in the city. The population density is 506.4/km² (1,311.8/mi²). There are 7,534 housing units at an average density of 248.8/km² (644.5/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 44.31% White , 53.51% African American , 0.12% Native American , 0.62% Asian , 0.02% Pacific Islander , 0.68% from other races , and 0.74% from two or more races. 1.37% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 6,094 households out of which 27.7% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.3% are married couples living together, 21.0% have a female householder with no husband present, and 38.6% are non-families. 34.9% of all households are made up of individuals and 16.0% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.37 and the average family size is 3.09. In the city the population is spread out with 26.3% under the age of 18, 8.5% from 18 to 24, 25.2% from 25 to 44, 20.5% from 45 to 64, and 19.5% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 37 years. For every 100 females there are 83.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 76.9 males. The median income for a household in the city is $23,399, and the median income for a family is $28,712. Males have a median income of $24,865 versus $18,750 for females. The per capita income for the city is $13,468. 30.4% of the population and 24.8% of families are below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 45.9% of those under the age of 18 and 17.0% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. ******************* file_id: 110305 resident include musician. file_id: 110305 36.3% be couple. file_id: 110305 couple live . file_id: 110305 male have income. ******************* The Lesser Stripetail Scorpion( Vaejovis coahuilae) is a small species of scorpion found in the southwestern United States. It is a member of the "eusthenura" group of Vaejovis (which also includes the American species Vaejovis spinigerus, Vaejovis waueri, Vaejovis globosus, Vaejovis confusus, and Vaejovis puritanus). It is generally found in Mexico and the U.S. states of Arizona, New Mexico and Texas. It lives in a variety of habitats and elevations, from desert flats to rolling grasslands to rocky slopes in mountains to about 7,000 feet or more. Because vaejovis coahuilae is primarily a burrowing species, they are most easily found by using a black light and can be found under rocks and debris. The sting is very painful. Sensitivity and pain can last from 15 to 30 minutes or occasionally longer, with no real medical side effects. Minor swelling and edema can be experienced during that time period depending on severity of sting. This scorpion uses a flick as its mode of defense, but they will occasionally stand their ground with a defensive posture. Males grow to about 35 mm. Females grow 40 to 45 mm, but rarely as large as 55 mm. ******************* file_id: 1103635 male grow mm. file_id: 1103635 female grow . ******************* Henry Allingham(born June 6, 1896 in Clapham) is one of the few surviving British veterans of World War I. He is also believed to be Britain's longest-lived soldier ever, and Britain's oldest living man since the death of Jack Davis ( March 1, 1895- 20 July, 2003). He is the last survivor of the Battle of Jutland as well as the last surviving founding member of the Royal Air Force. Henry's father died when he was only 14 months old. Brought up by his mother and grandparents, Henry attended the London County Council School, before going to work as a surgical instrument maker at St Barts Hospital. However, he did not find this job very interesting, and so left to join a coachbuilders specialising in car bodies. Henry wanted to join the war effort in August 1914 as a Despatch Rider, but his mother managed to persuade him to stay at home and look after her. However, after his mother died, Henry joined the Royal Naval Air Service(RNAS). He became formally rated as an Air Mechanic Second Class on September 21, 1915 and was posted to Chingford before completing his training. After graduation, Henry joined the RNAS Air Station at Great Yarmouth. On April 13, 1916, King George V inspected the Air Station and its aircraft. Henry was disappointed when the king turned and left just before he would have had his chance to speak to him! Henry also worked in Bacton, further up the coast, where night-flying was conducted. In May 1916, he was ordered to join HMS Kingfisher, which was carrying a Sopwith seaplane, where he was still posted when the Battle of Jutland began. Although the trawler was not directly involved in the battle (it shadowed the British Battle Fleet and then the High Seas Fleet), Henry can still make a proper claim to be the last known survivor of that battle. In September 1917, Henry, who had become an Air Mechanic First Class by now, was posted to the Western Front to join No. 12 Squadron (RNAS). This unit acted as a training squadron for other RNAS squadrons based on the Western Front. There is also some evidence that the squadron was involved in operations. When Henry arrived at Petite-Synthe, both the Royal Flying Corps(RFC) and the RNAS were involved in the Ypres offensive. On November 12, 1917, he was posted to the Aircraft Depot at Dunkirk, where he stayed for the rest of the war, on aircraft repair and recovery duties. He transferred to the Royal Air Force when the RNAS and the Royal Flying Corps were merged on April 1, 1918. At that time, he was ranked as a Rigger Aero, Aircraft Mechanic Second Class and was given a new service number - 208317. He is believed to be the last surviving founding member of the RAF. Henry returned to the Home Establishment in February 1919 and was formally discharged to the RAF Reserve on April 16, 1919. After this, he joined Ford, where he worked until his retirement. Shortly after being discharged, Henry married Dorothy, whom he had met at Great Yarmouth. This marriage lasted 53 years and produced 2 daughters. Henry now has 5 grandchildren and 12 great-grandchildren. All of these live in America. During World War II, Henry was in a reserved occupation and worked on a number of different projects. The most significant of these was perhaps the effort to provide an effective counter-measure to the German magnetic mines. During his Christmas lunch in 1939, he was called away to help come up with a system that would neutralise the mines and open the port of Harwich. Nine days later, Henry returned after successfully completing this task. As the last surviving member of the British Air Services and the aforementioned last living founder member of the RAF, Henry was an honoured guest when the British Air Services Memorial was unveiled on September 11, 2004. The group of RAF technical trainees that joined him at this ceremony continue to visit Henry at his retirement home in Eastbourne, demonstrating the bond of respect that these men have for Henry, made even more remarkable since almost 90 years separate these young trainees from Mr. Allingham. During this time, Henry was given the Gold Medal of St-Omer, which marked the award of the Freedom of the Town. Henry was one of four British WWI veterans who attended the ceremony at the Cenotaph in London to mark 90 years since Britain entered the First World War. The ceremony took place on August 4, 2004. He also marched past the Cenotaph on Remembrance Sunday in 2005 and laid wreaths at memorials in St Omer on Armistice Day. Surviving veterans of the First World War ******************* file_id: 1105658 coachbuilder specialise car_bodies. file_id: 1105658 squadron involve_PASS operation. file_id: 1105658 group join ceremony. ******************* Wayne is a village located in DuPage and Kane County, Illinois . As of the 2000 census, the village had a total population of 2,137. Wayne is located at 41°57'4" North, 88°15'26" West (41.951032, -88.257229) . According to the United States Census Bureau , the village has a total area of 15.1 km² (5.8 mi² ). 15.1 km² (5.8 mi²) of it is land and none of it is covered by water. As of the census of 2000 , there are 2,137 people, 726 households, and 630 families residing in the village. The population density is 141.8/km² (367.4/mi²). There are 746 housing units at an average density of 49.5/km² (128.3/mi²). The racial makeup of the village is 94.81% White , 0.37% African American , 0.05% Native American , 2.81% Asian , 0.00% Pacific Islander , 0.75% from other races , and 1.22% from two or more races. 3.74% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 726 households out of which 39.3% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 81.8% are married couples living together, 3.7% have a female householder with no husband present, and 13.1% are non-families. 10.2% of all households are made up of individuals and 3.4% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.94 and the average family size is 3.16. In the village the population is spread out with 27.4% under the age of 18, 4.9% from 18 to 24, 26.0% from 25 to 44, 33.4% from 45 to 64, and 8.3% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 41 years. For every 100 females there are 93.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 96.1 males. The median income for a household in the village is $115,338, and the median income for a family is $124,571. Males have a median income of $91,873 versus $36,786 for females. The per capita income for the village is $54,990. 0.6% of the population and 0.0% of families are below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 0.0% of those under the age of 18 and 4.0% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. The village is served by a Unit School District the Elgin Area School District U46 . It serves an area of some 90 square miles in Cook , DuPage and Kane Counties. Almost 40,000 children of school age are in its area. U-46 is second largest in Illinois . ******************* file_id: 111133 39.3% have child. file_id: 111133 81.8% be couple. file_id: 111133 couple live . file_id: 111133 male have income. ******************* Clifton is a village located in Iroquois County, Illinois , USA . As of the 2000 census, the village had a total population of 1,317. Clifton is located at 40°56'5" North, 87°56'1" West (40.934592, -87.933535) . According to the United States Census Bureau , the village has a total area of 2.3 km² (0.9 mi² ). 2.3 km² (0.9 mi²) of it is land and none of it is covered by water. As of the census of 2000 , there are 1,317 people, 519 households, and 367 families residing in the village. The population density is 571.3/km² (1,485.1/mi²). There are 542 housing units at an average density of 235.1/km² (611.2/mi²). The racial makeup of the village is 99.16% White , 0.00% African American , 0.00% Native American , 0.30% Asian , 0.08% Pacific Islander , 0.00% from other races , and 0.46% from two or more races. 0.53% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 519 households out of which 34.7% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.5% are married couples living together, 9.4% have a female householder with no husband present, and 29.1% are non-families. 26.2% of all households are made up of individuals and 14.6% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.54 and the average family size is 3.09. In the village the population is spread out with 29.0% under the age of 18, 6.0% from 18 to 24, 30.1% from 25 to 44, 20.0% from 45 to 64, and 14.9% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 36 years. For every 100 females there are 90.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 84.8 males. The median income for a household in the village is $47,216, and the median income for a family is $55,347. Males have a median income of $40,938 versus $25,577 for females. The per capita income for the village is $20,618. 4.5% of the population and 2.4% of families are below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 5.3% of those under the age of 18 and 9.0% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. ******************* file_id: 111299 34.7% have child. file_id: 111299 59.5% be couple. file_id: 111299 couple live . file_id: 111299 male have income. ******************* Okawville is a village located in Washington County, Illinois . As of the 2000 census, the village had a total population of 1,355. Okawville is located at 38°25'57" North, 89°32'54" West (38.432589, -89.548358) . According to the United States Census Bureau , the village has a total area of 5.3 km² (2.0 mi² ). 5.3 km² (2.0 mi²) of it is land and none of it is covered by water. As of the census of 2000 , there are 1,355 people, 569 households, and 372 families residing in the village. The population density is 257.7/km² (668.6/mi²). There are 617 housing units at an average density of 117.4/km² (304.4/mi²). The racial makeup of the village is 98.23% White , 0.37% African American , 0.52% Native American , 0.15% Asian , 0.00% Pacific Islander , 0.22% from other races , and 0.52% from two or more races. 0.37% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 569 households out of which 29.5% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.9% are married couples living together, 6.5% have a female householder with no husband present, and 34.6% are non-families. 30.4% of all households are made up of individuals and 16.9% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.38 and the average family size is 2.98. In the village the population is spread out with 24.8% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 28.1% from 25 to 44, 22.2% from 45 to 64, and 17.6% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 38 years. For every 100 females there are 97.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 93.4 males. The median income for a household in the village is $37,448, and the median income for a family is $50,089. Males have a median income of $32,226 versus $22,813 for females. The per capita income for the village is $19,476. 6.5% of the population and 3.6% of families are below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 5.6% of those under the age of 18 and 9.3% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. ******************* file_id: 112014 55.9% be couple. file_id: 112014 couple live . file_id: 112014 male have income. ******************* Fenway Park is the home ballpark for the Boston Red Sox baseball club. It is located near, and named for, the Fenway neighborhood in the heart of Boston, Massachusetts, USA, which in turn is named for the nearby fens, or marshes. It opened on April 20, 1912, the same day as the now-defunct Tiger Stadium in Detroit. This makes it the oldest ballpark still in active use in Major League Baseball. Historically, Fenway Park has been decidedly unfriendly to left-handed pitchers. Babe Ruth is one of the few southpaw hurlers who found success there. Ruth started his career as a pitcher (mostly during the " dead-ball era",) and had a career record of 92 wins, 44 losses. Ruth also set a World Series record by pitching 29 2/3 scoreless innings, a record that lasted until broken by Whitey Ford of the New York Yankees in 1961. Fenway Park is one of the few remaining classic parks in major league baseball to have a significant number of obstructed view seats. These are sold as such, and are a reminder of an era of less commercially-driven ballparks. The stadium is most famous for the left field wall called " Green Monster". Constructed in 1934, the 37-foot (11 m) high wall is 240 feet long, has a 22-foot deep foundation, and was constructed from 30,000 pounds of Toncan iron. Previously, a 23-1/2-foot tall screen protected cars and pedestrians on Lansdowne Street. However, the screen was replaced with more seating atop the Green Monster (in an attempt to squeeze in as many seats as possible in Fenway). The wall measures only 310 feet (94.5 m) from home plate down the left field line ( See Duffy's Cliff). See comments below about the original measurement. During the 1934 remodeling, the left-field scoreboard was added, and is one of two remaining original manual scoreboards in professional baseball (the other being at Wrigley Field in Chicago, Illinois). Running vertically down the scoreboard, between the columns of out-of-town scores, are the initials "TAY" and "JRY" displayed in Morse code; a memorial to former Red Sox owners Thomas A. Yawkey and Jean R. Yawkey. In 1947, advertisements covering the left field wall were painted over using green paint, which gave rise to the "Green Monster" moniker. Prior advertisements were: the Calvert Brewery's owl mascot ( "Be Wise",) Gem razor blades ( "Avoid 5 O'Clock Shadow",) Lifebuoy soap ( "The Red Sox Use It!",) and Vimms vitamins ( "Get that Vimms Feeling!") In 1975, the wall was remodeled and an electronic scoreboard installed, and manual scoreboard changed to only show out-of-town scores from other American League games. In 1976, the tin panels in the wall were replaced by a Formica-type panel which resulted in more consistent caroms and less noise when balls hit the wall. In 2003, National League scores returned; American League East division standings were first displayed in 2005. "The Triangle" is a region of center field where the walls form a triangle 420 feet (128 m) from home plate. That deep right-center point is conventionally given as the center field distance. "Williamsburg", dubbed by sportswriters, is the bullpens built in front of the right-center field bleachers in 1940 for the benefit of Ted Williams. The name parodied Yankee Stadium's right field area that was often called " Ruthville". The lone red seat in the right field bleachers (Section 42, Row 37, Seat 21), signifies the spot where the longest measurable home run ever hit inside Fenway Park landed. Ted Williams hit the home run on June 9, 1946 off Fred Hutchinson of the Detroit Tigers. Williams' bomb was officially measured at 502 feet (153 m) -- well beyond "Williamsburg." "The Belly", is the sweeping curve of the box-seat railing from the right end of "Williamsburg" around to the right field corner. The box seats were added when the bullpens were built, and they cut the 1934 remodeling's right field line distance by some 30 feet. Pesky's Pole is the name for the pole on the right field foul line. The pole was named after Johnny Pesky, a light-hitting shortstop for the Red Sox, who hit some of his six home runs at Fenway Park around the pole and off the pole (a mere 302 feet from home plate). Pesky and the Red Sox attribute pitcher Mel Parnell with coining the name. The most notable for Pesky is a two-run homer in the eighth inning of the 1946 Opening Day game to win the game. (In his career, Pesky hit 17 home runs.) In similar fashion, Mark Bellhorn hit what proved to be the game-winning home run in Game 1 of the 2004 World Series off that pole's screen. Fisk’s Pole is the name for the pole on the left field foul line atop "The Green Monster". In a ceremony before the Boston Red Sox's 2005 interleague game against the Cincinnati Reds, the pole was officially named "Fisk's Pole" in honor of catcher Carlton Fisk, who provided one of baseball's most enduring moments in Game 6 of the 1975 World Series against the Reds. Facing Reds right-hander Pat Darcy in the 12th inning with the score knotted 6-6, Fisk launched a pitch down the left field line. It appeared to be heading foul, but Fisk, after initially appearing unsure of whether or not to continue running to first base, famously jumped and waved his arms as if to somehow will the ball fair. It ricocheted off the foul pole, winning the game for the Red Sox and sending the series to a seventh and deciding game the next night, which was won by Cincinnati. From 1912 to 1933, there was a 10-foot (3 m)-high mound that formed an incline in front of the left field wall at Fenway park, extending from the left-field foul pole to the center field flag pole. As a result of the mound, a left fielder in Fenway Park had to play part of the territory running uphill (and back down). Boston's first star left fielder, Duffy Lewis, mastered the skill so well that the area became known as "Duffy's Cliff". The mound served two purposes: 1) it was a support for a high wall; and 2) it was built to compensate for the difference in grades between the field and the street on the other side of that wall. It also served as a spectator-friendly seating area during the dead-ball era when overflow crowds would sit on the mound behind ropes. It is often compared to the infamous left field "terrace" at Cincinnati's Crosley Field, but, in truth, the 15-degree all-grass incline there served an entirely different purpose: as an alternative to an all dirt warning track found in most other ballparks. It was a natural feature of the site on which Crosley Field and its predecessors were located; slightly less severe inclines were deliberately built in center and right fields to compensate. As part of the 1934 remodeling of the ballpark, the bleachers and the wall itself, Red Sox owner Tom Yawkey arranged to flatten the ground along the base of the wall, so that Duffy's Cliff no longer existed, and thus became part of the lore of Fenway Park. Thus the base of the left field wall is several feet below the grade level of Lansdowne Street, accounting for the occasional rat that might spook the scoreboard operators. ( "The Fenway Project", ISBN 1579400914.) For decades there was considerable debate about the true left field distance, which was posted as 315 feet (96 m). For years, Red Sox officials refused to remeasure the distance. Reportedly, the Boston Globe was able to sneak into Fenway Park and remeasure the line. When the paper's evidence was presented to the club in 1995, the line was finally remeasured by the Red Sox and truly restated at 310 feet (94.5 m). The companion 96 meters sign remained unchanged, until 1998, when it was finally corrected to 94.5 meters. A theory about the incorrect foul line distance is the former 315 ft (96 m) measurement came from the Duffy's Cliff days. That measurement likely included the severity of the incline, and when the mound was leveled, the distance was never corrected. A quick study of the geometry of "Duffy's Cliff" suggests that the theory has merit. Regardless of the posted distance, frustrated pitchers will always argue that "The Green Monster" is closer than the sign says. In 1983 private suites were added to the roof behind home plate. In 1988, 610 stadium club seats enclosed in glass and named the "600 Club", were added above the home plate bandstand, replacing the existing press box. The press box was then added to the top of the 600 Club. The 1988 addition is largely credited with changing the air currents in Fenway Park to the detriment of hitters. In the 1980s, a Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) professor published his scientific finding that the addition does, in fact, curtail home runs at Fenway Park, giving credence to that claim by players, coaches, and fans. In 2002, the club renamed the club seats the ".406 Club" (in honor of Ted Williams' batting average in 1941), six days after his death. (Williams is the last player to hit .400 or better in the major leagues.) During the fall and winter of 2005-2006, as part of the continuing expansion efforts at Fenway Park, the existing .406 club is being rebuilt. Starting with the 2006 season, the second deck will feature two open-air levels: the bottom level will be the new "EMC Club" featuring 406 seats and concierge services, and above that, the Home Plate Pavilion Club, with 374 seats and a dedicated standing room area. The added seats will be wider than the current seats. There was once a smaller "triangle" at the left end of the bleachers, posted as 388 feet (118.3 m). The end of the bleachers form a right angle with "The Green Monster", and the flagpole stands within that little triangle. That is not the true power alley, but deep left-center. The true power alley distance is not posted. The foul line intersects with "The Green Monster" at a right angle, so the power alley could be estimated at 336 feet (102.4 m), assuming the power alley is 22.5 degrees away from the foul line as measured from home plate. A phrase made popular by boston television commentators, "Canvas Alley" is the open alley behind the first base line where the rain tarp is kept. In 1946, upper deck seats were installed; Fenway Park is essentially the first double-tiered ballpark in Boston since the South End Grounds of the 1880s. In 1947, arc lights were installed at Fenway Park. The Boston Red Sox were the third to last team out of 16 major league teams to have lights in their home park. In 1976, metric distances were added to the conventionally-stated distances because it was thought that the United States would adopt the metric system. Today, few American ballparks have metric distances posted. Fenway Park retained the metric measurement until mid-season 2002, when they were painted over. Also, Fenway's first message board was added over the centerfield bleachers. After Red Sox won the 2004 World Series, a new drainage system was installed on the field. The system, along with new sod, was installed to prevent the field from becoming too wet to play on during light to medium rains, and to reduce the time needed to dry the field adequately. Work on the field was completed only weeks prior to spring training. After the 2005 season, the Red Sox announced that they, in addition to their plans for the .406 Club area, would add 852 pavilion club seats, 745 pavilion box seats, and approximately 200 pavilion standing-room seats along the left- and right-field lines for the 2006 season, replacing approximately 1,300 seats. The Red Sox plan to also add approximately 700 tickets for the 2007 season and 1,400 tickets for the 2008 season. In adding additional seating, the Red Sox plan to have 1,000 of the seats added over the three years be high-priced premium seats, to help deflate ticket costs and bring Fenway up to the MLB average of percentage of premium seating. Fenway Park currently holds more than 36,200 spectators. This number has increased over the years as seats have been added in what was once foul territory, throughout the upper decks, and, most recently, on top of "The Green Monster" and atop the right field wall. Some people have proposed increasing the seating capacity by up to 10,000 more seats through the expansion of the upper decks, while others have proposed razing the historic ballpark entirely and building a similar, but larger and more modern, scalable facility nearby. Despite its relatively small size, Fenway Park's oblong-esque layout actually makes it a reasonably viable football facility. The National Football League's Washington Redskins played at Fenway for four seasons, 1933 to 1936, as the Boston Redskins after playing their inaugural season in 1932 at Braves Field as the Boston Braves, and the American Football League's Boston/New England Patriots called Fenway Park home from 1963 to 1968 after moving to there from Nickerson Field, the direct descendant of Braves Field. The Red Sox's one-time crosstown rivals, the Braves used Fenway Park when they were the Boston Braves and played their home games there during the 1914 World Series. At various times in the past, Boston College and Boston University teams have also played football games at Fenway Park, too. One of the most famous campaign speeches in American political history was made at Fenway Park in the 1940 Presidential race, when President Franklin D. Roosevelt promised that he would not send American servicemen into foreign wars. During this time World War II was raging in Europe, but the United States was officially neutral, although it was aiding Great Britain and the Soviet Union. This speech was noted repeatedly by Roosevelt's opponents, even after Japanese Imperial Naval forces attacked the United States at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii on December 7, 1941, forcing the United States to enter World War II. Although Fenway Park was not previously a frequent venue for concerts, the Red Sox' new ownership has recruited recent performances by acts such as the Rolling Stones, Bruce Springsteen, and Jimmy Buffett. The park was featured in a pivotal scene in the 1989 Kevin Costner film Field of Dreams . It was the only location shoot outside the Iowa- Illinois area. The 2005 movie, Fever Pitch (2005 film) included scenes shot on location during the 2004 American League Championship Series games and scenes from Busch Stadium were filmed after Game 4 of the 2004 World Series. Some scenes from Blown Away( 1994) and Little Big League(also 1994) were filmed at Fenway Park.(Source: , by William A. Gordon (ISBN 080651647X) ******************* file_id: 11238 /_2 protect_PASS cars_and_pedestrians. file_id: 11238 Yawkey cover field_wall. file_id: 11238 advertisement be . file_id: 11238 Vimms_vitamins get . file_id: 11238 noise hit wall. file_id: 11238 field compensate . file_id: 11238 home_runs hit . file_id: 11238 phrase make_PASS angle. file_id: 11238 deck_seats install_PASS 1946. file_id: 11238 light install_PASS Fenway_Park. file_id: 11238 light add_PASS distance. file_id: 11238 light adopt . file_id: 11238 ballpark have distance. file_id: 11238 number increase_PASS year. file_id: 11238 serviceman rage Europe. file_id: 11238 serviceman be . file_id: 11238 Red_Sox recruit_PASS performance. file_id: 11238 park feature_PASS scene. file_id: 11238 Fever_Pitch include scene. file_id: 11238 scene shoot_PASS location. ******************* Wingate is a town located in Montgomery County, Indiana . As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 299. Wingate is located at 40°10'22" North, 87°4'25" West (40.172864, -87.073552) . According to the United States Census Bureau , the town has a total area of 0.7 km² (0.3 mi² ). 0.7 km² (0.3 mi²) of it is land and none of it is covered by water. As of the census of 2000 , there are 299 people, 126 households, and 82 families residing in the town. The population density is 412.3/km² (1,086.0/mi²). There are 146 housing units at an average density of 201.3/km² (530.3/mi²). The racial makeup of the town is 99.67% White , 0.00% African American , 0.00% Native American , 0.33% Asian , 0.00% Pacific Islander , 0.00% from other races , and 0.00% from two or more races. 0.33% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 126 households out of which 27.8% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.2% are married couples living together, 5.6% have a female householder with no husband present, and 34.9% are non-families. 31.0% of all households are made up of individuals and 17.5% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.37 and the average family size is 2.95. In the town the population is spread out with 26.1% under the age of 18, 4.3% from 18 to 24, 29.4% from 25 to 44, 19.4% from 45 to 64, and 20.7% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 40 years. For every 100 females there are 92.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 90.5 males. The median income for a household in the town is $28,750, and the median income for a family is $42,500. Males have a median income of $41,250 versus $21,250 for females. The per capita income for the town is $14,123. 22.2% of the population and 15.9% of families are below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 30.7% of those under the age of 18 and 23.7% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. ******************* file_id: 112500 53.2% be couple. file_id: 112500 couple live . file_id: 112500 male have income. ******************* Nashua is a city located in Chickasaw County, Iowa . As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 1,618. The famed Little Brown Church featured in the song "The Little Brown Church in the Vale" is located here. Nashua is located at 42°57'8" North, 92°32'17" West (42.952231, -92.537944) . According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 6.8 km² (2.6 mi² ). 6.4 km² (2.5 mi²) of it is land and 0.4 km² (0.2 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 6.46% water. As of the census of 2000 , there are 1,618 people, 691 households, and 469 families residing in the city. The population density is 253.9/km² (658.2/mi²). There are 739 housing units at an average density of 116.0/km² (300.6/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 99.26% White , 0.06% African American , 0.06% Native American , 0.19% Asian , 0.00% Pacific Islander , 0.06% from other races , and 0.37% from two or more races. 0.31% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 691 households out of which 28.2% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.0% are married couples living together, 8.4% have a female householder with no husband present, and 32.1% are non-families. 27.1% of all households are made up of individuals and 16.8% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.34 and the average family size is 2.83. In the city the population is spread out with 25.2% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 23.5% from 25 to 44, 22.6% from 45 to 64, and 20.9% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 40 years. For every 100 females there are 97.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 92.4 males. The median income for a household in the city is $31,713, and the median income for a family is $37,284. Males have a median income of $27,969 versus $20,547 for females. The per capita income for the city is $16,031. 9.0% of the population and 5.7% of families are below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 9.3% of those under the age of 18 and 8.7% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. ******************* file_id: 112884 56.0% be couple. file_id: 112884 couple live . file_id: 112884 male have income. ******************* In cell biology, quiescence is the state of a cell when it is not dividing. Quiescence can also refer specifically to the "rest" state of a cell. Neurons, for example, are quiescent when not firing and sarcomeres (muscle cells) are quiescent when not contracting. ******************* file_id: 1130935 neuron be rest. file_id: 1130935 firing_and_sarcomeres be . ******************* The Greater Manchester County Council(GMCC) was the former upper-tier administrative body for Greater Manchester, a metropolitan county in England. It was established on April 1, 1974, and functioned for the next twelve years. Along with five other metropolitan county councils and the Greater London Council it was abolished in March 1986 by the government of Margaret Thatcher. The GMCC was a strategic authority running regional services such as transport, civil protection and strategic town and country planning. Elections were held to the council in 1973, 1977 and 1981. Upon its abolition, most of the functions of the council were devolved to the metropolitan district councils, and some of its functions such as emergency services and public transport continued to be run on a county-wide basis, administered by joint-boards of appointed councillors from the metropolitan district councils. Its assets were split between the Greater Manchester Residuary Body and the boroughs councils of Bolton, Bury, Manchester, Oldham, Rochdale, Salford, Stockport, Tameside, Trafford and Wigan. ******************* file_id: 1131657 GMCC be authority. file_id: 1131657 election hold_PASS council. ******************* The Adelaide-Crafers Highway is a freeway leading through the Adelaide Hills, linking The City of Adelaide with the South Eastern Freeway. It is the largest road project South Australia has ever undertaken, costing a total of A$151 million, which was wholly funded by the Australian Federal Government. The freeway incorporates twin-tube tunnels, the first of its kind on the National Highway. The length of the freeway is 10km, 500 metres of which are the Heysen Tunnels. The Adelaide-Crafers Highway came as a much-needed upgrade and replacement to Mount Barker Road, which ascended the Adelaide Hills making it a dangerous and slow route. The notorious Devils Elbow was the site of many accidents. Mount Barker Road could not support a lot of traffic volume, as most of it was windy and 2-laned. On May 16th, 1995 Prime Minister Paul Keating announced the construction of the new freeway. Construction was completed early 2000 and on the 5th of May 2000 Prime Minister John Howard opened the new road. The freeway features 6 lanes of traffic, three on each side, safety ramps, concrete median barriers, street lighting through all 10kms and above all, a shorter and easier route through the hills. ******************* file_id: 1140832 freeway incorporate tube_tunnels. ******************* Remedy Lane is Pain of Salvation's fourth studio album, released in Spring 2002. It is a concept album focussing on the search of a man to discover himself. It deals with topics such as love, loss, lust, sex and understanding. A portion of the album is autobigraphical in nature, and is written by guitarist and vocalist Daniel Gildenlöw. The liner notes that come with the CD are filled with extra material (e.g. poems and photos) related to the concept, and also contain date markings to assist the dedicated listener (and reader) to piece together the album chronologically. While both Remedy Lane and One Hour by the Concrete Lake(Pain of Salvation's second studio album) are about a main character searching for truth and himself, Remedy Lane is a much more personal tale and the listener is exposed to a much more wider variety of emotions. The album's production is similar to that of its predecessor's ( The Perfect Element, part I), and is also quite a dark album, though there are definitive moments of happiness/devotion. Daniel Gildenlöw also have admitted that the concept of Remedy Lane was an era of his life in which he wished to learn what freedom was. Text here. :3. Fandango (5:51) :5. This Heart of Mine (I Pledge) (4:01) :7. Rope Ends (7:02) :9. Dryad of the Woods (4:56) :11. Waking Every God (5:19) :13. Beyond the Pale (9:56) All music by Daniel Gildenlöw, except instrumental part of Rope Ends; by Daniel Gildenlöw and Fredrik Hermansson. ******************* file_id: 1144388 portion be topic. file_id: 1144388 listener expose_PASS variety. ******************* Benton is a city located in Butler County, Kansas . As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 827. Benton is located at 37°47'21" North, 97°6'30" West (37.789302, -97.108402) . According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 1.9 km² (0.8 mi² ). 1.9 km² (0.8 mi²) of it is land and none of it is covered by water. As of the census of 2000 , there are 827 people, 308 households, and 238 families residing in the city. The population density is 425.7/km² (1,109.0/mi²). There are 327 housing units at an average density of 168.3/km² (438.5/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 97.46% White , 0.12% African American , 0.24% Native American , 0.24% Asian , 0.00% Pacific Islander , 0.48% from other races , and 1.45% from two or more races. 1.33% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 308 households out of which 36.0% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.9% are married couples living together, 8.8% have a female householder with no husband present, and 22.7% are non-families. 20.1% of all households are made up of individuals and 8.1% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.69 and the average family size is 3.07. In the city the population is spread out with 28.1% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 28.5% from 25 to 44, 23.3% from 45 to 64, and 12.2% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 34 years. For every 100 females there are 99.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 99.7 males. The median income for a household in the city is $49,750, and the median income for a family is $58,214. Males have a median income of $40,380 versus $30,179 for females. The per capita income for the city is $21,975. 5.5% of the population and 3.8% of families are below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 10.5% of those under the age of 18 and 0.0% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. ******************* file_id: 114441 36.0% have child. file_id: 114441 64.9% be couple. file_id: 114441 couple live . file_id: 114441 male have income. ******************* This article describes the FA Premier League 1992-93 season. The FA Premier League was introduced for the 1992-93 season, in a 22-club format breakaway league in place of the old Football League First Division. The new league was backed up by a £305 million TV rights deal with BSkyB television which would last five seasons. In concept, it was identical to the old First Division of the Football League, which was now reduced to three divisions. The first Premier League title went to Manchester United, whose 26 year wait for a league championship finally ended thanks to the efforts of manager Alex Ferguson and a high quality squad of players. 19-year-old winger Ryan Giggs(also PFA Young Player of the Year for the second year running) and long-serving striker Mark Hughes were instrumental in the club's long-awaited success, but the catalyst to the success was French striker Eric Cantona- who had helped his previous club Leeds pip the Old Trafford club to the 1992 league title. He had been signed for £1.2 million and quickly formed a strong partnership with the ever-reliable Hughes, gaining himself a reputation as a dynamic match-winner whose performances transformed United's fortunes. Other key players in the championship-winning United side were goalkeeper Peter Schmeichel, captain Steve Bruce, defender Gary Pallister and midfielder Paul Ince. All of this success was achieved with just one pre-season signing. Striker Dion Dublin had been purchased from Cambridge United for £1million, and had started well. But he missed most of the season due to a broken leg suffered in a September clash with Crystal Palace when he was tackled by Eric Young. Manchester United's Premiership title success was achieved with a 10-point lead over runners-up Aston Villa. The lucrative Sky T.V sponsorship of the Premier League saw clubs plunge into the transfer market and pay vast sums of money for new players. Just before the season began, newly promoted Blackburn Rovers splashed out an English record fee of £3.5 million for Southampton's22-year-old England striker Alan Shearer. Champions Leeds United paid £2 million for the Arsenal midfielder David Rocastle, whose gap at Highbury was filled by the £1.5 million Danish midfielder John Jensen. Shortly after the season began, Aston Villa paid £2.5 million for the Liverpool striker Dean Saunders and Tottenham forked out £2 million for the Nottingham Forest striker Teddy Sheringham. During 1992-93, tens of millions of pounds were spent by Premiership clubs on new players. Although Manchester United ended the season as champions by a 10-point margin, the Premiership title was also contested for by three other clubs. Runners-up Aston Villa constantly led the table for much of the season, but their challenge faded in the final weeks of the season and any lingering hopes were killed off three games before the season was over - they lost 1-0 at home to Oldham Athletic. Norwich City led the Premiership at Christmas in the unusual position of having a negative goal difference, their defensive frailties having been highlighted by a 7-1 defeat at Blackburn early in the season. Nevertheless, it was an excellent Premiership debut for Mike Walker's team, who achieved European qualification for the first time. Blackburn, in the top division for the first time in almost 30 years, achieved a creditable fourth-place finish. Nottingham Forest's league form had suffered through the sale of key players like Des Walker and Teddy Sheringham, and they were bottom of the Premiership for much of the 1992-93 season. Their relegation was confirmed in early May when they lost to Sheffield United, and manager Brian Clough announced his retirement after 18 glorious years at the helm, which had yielded one league title, two European Cups and three League Cups. Next to go were newly-promoted Middlesbrough, who slumped from mid-table at Christmas to go down in second from bottom place. Their league form had not been helped by a seven-match losing streak which began in February. Last to go down were Crystal Palace, whose four-year tenancy in the First Division had looked promising until the sale of striker Ian Wright to Arsenal. Palace's relegation paved the way for Oldham Athletic to perform a miraculous survival act which was achieved with a 4-3 win over Southampton, while Palace were unable to win their final game of the season. Other teams who successfuly fought against relegation included Southampton, Ipswich Town and Leeds United. Leeds, the previous season's league champions, finished 17th of 22 having failed to win any of their 21 away fixtures. Manager George Graham achieved more success with Arsenal in 1992-93, guiding them to a unique double of both domestic cups - they beat Sheffield Wednesday2-1 in the finals of both the FA Cup and League Cup. This success was achieved with many players still at the club from the championship winning side of 1991 which lost just one out of 38 fixtures - including David Seaman, Alan Smith, Tony Adams, Lee Dixon and Nigel Winterburn. There were also some new players in the squad. They included high-scoring striker Ian Wright (a £2.5million acquisition from Crystal Palace shortly after the title success) and Danish midfielder John Jensen - who had been signed after scoring for Denmark in their surprise Euro 92 final win over Germany. The downside to Arsenal's season was their goal-shy Premiership form, they scored the fewest goals in the division (40) despite briefly leading the table in November. Arsenal's next challenge would be the Cup Winners' Cup. PFA Player of the Year was Paul McGrath, the hard working central defender who contributed to Aston Villa's runners-up finish in the Premier League. Aged 34 at the time, he is one of the oldest players ever to receive the award. PFA Young Player of the Year was Ryan Giggs, the highly talented 19-year-old Manchester United left winger who had won the award a year earlier. This time he was instrumental in helping his team achieve their first league title since 1967 - six years before he was born. Football Writers Player of the Year was Chris Waddle, who made his return to English football with Sheffield Wednesday after three years in France with Marseille. 32-year-old Waddle helped his club reach the finals of both domestic cup competitions, although they lost 2-1 to Arsenal in both finals. Alex Ferguson was voted Manager of the Year after achieving Manchester United's first league title for 26 years. It was also the fourth season in a row he had gained some silverware for the Old Trafford club, having previously won the F.A Cup, Cup Winners Cup and League Cup. ******************* file_id: 1145923 Premiership_title_success achieve_PASS 10_-_point_lead. file_id: 1145923 ten spend_PASS Premiership_clubs. file_id: 1145923 lingering_hopes kill_PASS game. file_id: 1145923 forest suffer_PASS sale. ******************* McFarland is a city located in Wabaunsee County, Kansas . As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 271. McFarland is located at 39°3'12" North, 96°14'20" West (39.053241, -96.238934) . According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 0.5 km² (0.2 mi² ). 0.5 km² (0.2 mi²) of it is land and none of it is covered by water. As of the census of 2000 , there are 271 people, 105 households, and 72 families residing in the city. The population density is 581.3/km² (1,525.6/mi²). There are 115 housing units at an average density of 246.7/km² (647.4/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 98.15% White , 0.37% African American , 0.00% Native American , 0.00% Asian , 0.00% Pacific Islander , 0.00% from other races , and 1.48% from two or more races. 1.11% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 105 households out of which 35.2% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.3% are married couples living together, 7.6% have a female householder with no husband present, and 30.5% are non-families. 22.9% of all households are made up of individuals and 6.7% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.58 and the average family size is 3.05. In the city the population is spread out with 31.0% under the age of 18, 5.9% from 18 to 24, 30.3% from 25 to 44, 20.7% from 45 to 64, and 12.2% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 36 years. For every 100 females there are 105.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 98.9 males. The median income for a household in the city is $32,250, and the median income for a family is $45,250. Males have a median income of $31,250 versus $23,173 for females. The per capita income for the city is $15,419. 11.1% of the population and 7.1% of families are below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 9.9% of those under the age of 18 and 11.5% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. ******************* file_id: 114983 35.2% have child. file_id: 114983 54.3% be couple. file_id: 114983 couple live . file_id: 114983 male have income. ******************* The Imperial War Museum Duxford in Cambridgeshire, commonly referred to simply as ' Duxford', houses the Imperial War Museum's aircraft collection, as well as having a large collection of tanks, military and naval vehicles. The museum has seven main exhibition buildings with nearly 200 military and civil aircraft. Duxford has maintained and still uses its wartime buildings, such as the Control Tower, Operations Room and hangars which were used in the 1940s. The Operations Room has been carefully reconstructed and to look as it did when RAF personnel directed Duxford's fighters during the Battle of Britain. Duxford's American Air Museum (pictured), designed by Norman Foster, was officially opened by Her Majesty the Queen in August 1997. It contains Duxford's collection of American military aircraft from First World War biplanes to supersonic jets. It is a tribute to American air power and a memorial to the 30,000 US airmen who lost their lives flying from British bases during the Second World War. Although most famous for its aeroplane collection, Duxford also has a Land Warfare Hall that houses tanks, vehicles and artillery from the First World War to the Gulf war. Duxford has regular large air displays, which generally include Second World War fighters and bombers from many different nations, a variety of military jets, commercial aeroplanes and display teams such as the Red Arrows. The American Air Museum in Britain is primarily a memorial to the 30,000 Americans who died flying from the UK in the Second World War. The TBM Avenger is in the scheme George H. W. Bush used, and the Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird is the only one on display outside of the United States. It has its own gift shop and cafe. It has the following on display; Britain has been important in the history of aircraft design, the collection reflects this with its military and civil aircraft on display. The display has the following exhibitions; This exhibition looks at the people and machines involved in the Battle of Britain and the Blitz of 1940 - 1941. It also shows Duxford's past as a fighter airfield. The exhibition is in Duxford's Hangar 4, which was used in the Battle of Britain. The following are on display; This exhibition recreates D-Day in 1944 when the Allies landed in Normandy in one of the biggest combined military operations ever attempted, when 150,000 American, British and Canadian and men as well as much equipment began the liberation. The display has part of the Pipe Line Under the Ocean ( Operation Pluto). The display has the following exhibitions; Bernard Law Montgomery is probably the most celebrated British military commander of the twentieth century. He was in charge of all Allied ground forces on D-Day. He led sometimes controversially, but ultimately successfully, to the end of the war in Germany. This exhibition has documents from the Imperial War Museum's collections and Montgomery’s three personal caravans that he used in North West Europe. The Forgotten War exhibition focuses on the personal, political and military aspects of the Second World War in the Far East, the Pacific and Burma between 1941 and 1945. This display consists of objects from the War, photographs and realistic scenes. The exhibition is a joint project between the Burma Star Association (BSA). The Museum covers the history of the East and Royal Anglian Regiments since the amalgamations of the former County Regiments (ten Counties of East Anglia and the East Midlands) from 1958-60. The display has the following exhibits; The Land Warfare holds Duxford’s collection of tanks, trucks and artillery and shows the technological advances in twentieth century warfare as exhibits are arranged chronologically from the First World War to the Gulf War. The hall has the following displays and exhibits; Duxford aerodrome, built during the First World War, was one of the earliest Royal Air Force bases established. During 1917 it was expanded to train Royal Flying Corps (RFC). The Royal Naval Air Service and the Royal Flying Corps were amalgamated to become the Royal Air Force on 1 April 1918 this was the World's first fully independent air force. Duxford opened as a flying school in September 1918 (known as No. 35 Training Depot Station), after the First World War ended in November 1918 the airfield was used as a base for the disbandment of squadrons across Europe. RAF Duxford became No.2 Flight Training School in 1920, flying the Avro 504, the DH9A, the Bristol Fighter and in 1923 flight training of Sopwith Snipe s introduced. Three fighter squadrons were formed at Duxford in 1924, numbers 19, 29 and III. Under reorganised Home Defence arrangements, Duxford became a fighter station, a role it was to carry out for the next 37 years. By 1925 Duxford's three fighter squadrons had expanded to include the Gloster Grebes and Armstrong Whitworth Siskins. No.19 Squadron re-equipped with Bristol Bulldogs in 1931, and in 1935, was the first squadron to fly the RAF's fastest new fighter, the Gloster Gauntlet, capable of 230 mph (375 km/h). This squadron gave a special demonstration over Duxford on the occasion of King George V's Jubilee review of the Royal Air Force. In 1936 Flight Lieutenant Frank Whittle, who was studying at Cambridge University, flew regularly from Duxford as a member of the Cambridge University Air Squadron. Whittle went on to develop the jet turbine as a means of powering an aircraft, this enabled Britain to produce the Allie’s first operational jet fighter in 1943 - the Gloster Meteor. In 1938 No.19 squadron was the first RAF squadron to fly the new Supermarine Spitfire, the first Spitfire was flown into Duxford in August 1938 by Jeffrey Quill, the Supermarine's test pilot. On 3 September 1939 Britain declared war on Germany and Duxford was ready to play a vital role. By June 1940 Belgium, the Netherlands and France were under German control and the invasion of Britain was their next objective ( Operation Sealion). Duxford was placed in a high state of readiness, to create space for additional units at Duxford, 19 Squadron moved to nearby Fowlmere. The dominance of the skies over Britain would be totally critical to keeping German forces out, this became known as The Battle of Britain. Hurricanes first arrived at Duxford in July with the formation of No.310 Squadron, which consisted of Czechoslovakian pilots escaped from France. At the end of August Air-Vice Marshal Trafford Leigh-Mallory ordered the Hurricanes of 242 Squadron, down from Coltishall to join 19 and 310 Squadrons on daily standby at Duxford. On 9 September the Duxford squadrons successfully intercepted and turned back a large force of German bombers before they reached their target. This proved Duxford’s importance, so two more squadrons were added to the Wing, No.302 ( Polish) Squadron with Hurricanes, and the Spitfires of No.611 Auxiliary Squadron which had mobilised at Duxford a year before. On average sixty Spitfires and Hurricanes were dispersed around Duxford and Fowlmere every day. On 15 September 1940 they twice took to the air to repulse Luftwaffe attacks intent at bombing London. RAF fighter Command was victorious, the threat of invasion passed and Duxford's squadrons had played a critical role. This became known as 'Battle of Britain Day'. Duxford became the home of several specialist units, including the Air Fighting Development Unit (AFDU). The AFDU's equipment included captured German aircraft, which they restored to flying condition for evaluation. Duxford was crucial in developing the Hawker Typhoon into a formidable low-level and ground attack fighter and in 1942 the first Typhoon Wing was formed. The first Wing operation took place on 20 June 1942. In April 1943 Duxford became fully under the control of the United States 8th Air Force. The 8th was the largest of the United States Army Air Forces at this time, with approximately 200,000 men at its peak strength. Duxford now became Base 357 and the headquarters of the 78th Fighter Group. The 78th Fighter Group flew P-47 Thunderbolts and P-51 Mustangs which escorted the large US daylight bomber raids in occupied Europe and Germany. On D-Day, 6 June 1944, the Allied invasion of occupied Europe began, the 78th Fighter Group Thunderbolts gave air cover to the Allied invasion fleet as it crossed the Channel. Later the group took part in raids on targets ahead of the ground forces. By the end of the war the 78th had destroyed 697 enemy aircraft either in the air or on the ground. Duxford was officially handed back to the Royal Air Force on 1 December 1945. The first RAF aircraft to return to Duxford were Spitfires but by 1947 they were replaced by Gloster Meteors. By 1951 a new concrete runway had been laid and a type T2 hangar built alongside the four First World War hangars. The original T2 hangar has gone now, and the Museum has since opened two more Second World War T2 hangars on the same site. Duxford was too far south and too far inland to be strategically important and the costly improvements required for modern supersonic fighters could not be justified. In July 1961 the last operational RAF flight was made from Duxford by the Gloster Javelin FAW7. In 1969 The Ministry of Defence declared its intention to dispose of Duxford. Plans were even made for a sports centre or a prison were but were never finalised. The Imperial War Museum had been looking for storage and renovation space for its displays too large for its headquarters in London, thus obtained permission to use the airfield for this purpose. Cambridgeshire County Council bought the runway in 1977 to give the abandoned aerodrome a new lease of life. Duxford is now established as the European centre of aviation history. ******************* file_id: 1152098 RAF_personnel direct fighter. file_id: 1152098 Warfare_Hall house tanks_,_vehicles_and_artillery. file_id: 1152098 Duxford have air_displays. file_id: 1152098 exhibition have document. file_id: 1152098 display consist object. file_id: 1152098 airfield use_PASS base. file_id: 1152098 air_cover be spitfire. file_id: 1152098 improvement require_PASS fighter. ******************* Olla is a town located in La Salle Parish, Louisiana . As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 1,417. Olla is located at 31°53'58" North, 92°14'5" West (31.899443, -92.234774) . According to the United States Census Bureau , the town has a total area of 8.9 km² (3.4 mi² ). 8.9 km² (3.4 mi²) of it is land and none of it is covered by water. It is geographically situated directly adjacent to the communities of Rosefield and Standard, 4 miles from the town of Urania, 8 miles from the town of Tullos, and 16 miles from the Parish Seat of Jena. On November 23rd, 2004, a tornado that reached F4 strength tore through the middle of this town, destroying or damaging over 1/3 of the town. The town's High School was destroyed, and to date classes are held in an abandoned factory in the town limits. As of November 2005, the town is still recovering, rebuilding, and-- ironically-- playing host to Hurricanes Katrina and Rita victims. As of the census of 2000 , there are 1,417 people, 587 households, and 407 families residing in the town. The population density is 160.0/km² (413.9/mi²). There are 681 housing units at an average density of 76.9/km² (198.9/mi²). The racial makeup of the town is 95.06% White , 3.46% African American , 0.35% Native American , 0.42% Asian , 0.00% Pacific Islander , 0.21% from other races , and 0.49% from two or more races. 1.20% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 587 households out of which 32.2% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.5% are married couples living together, 11.4% have a female householder with no husband present, and 30.5% are non-families. 27.9% of all households are made up of individuals and 15.2% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.41 and the average family size is 2.95. In the town the population is spread out with 26.1% under the age of 18, 8.5% from 18 to 24, 28.9% from 25 to 44, 21.3% from 45 to 64, and 15.2% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 36 years. For every 100 females there are 87.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 85.3 males. The median income for a household in the town is $24,762, and the median income for a family is $31,648. Males have a median income of $30,188 versus $15,833 for females. The per capita income for the town is $11,669. 23.5% of the population and 19.2% of families are below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 26.9% of those under the age of 18 and 14.5% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. Olla was named after Miss Olla Mills, but for many years was known simply as White Sulphur Springs. The site served as a steam boat port on the nearby Castor River and between 1871 and 1911 was a nationally known health spa. A military high school, the Olla Institute, was also named after Miss Mills, who was a prominent early resident. The school flourished and attracted students from a wide area until it burned down in 1899. 1n 1893 the Houston, Central, Arkansas, and Northern Railroad came through the area and helped add permanence to the town. It was incorporated as the town of Olla in August of 1899. Olla is also known as the site of the only railroad holdup in the state of Louisiana. The robbers' goal was a large money shipment which was transferred before it reached the robbery site. Type of Government: Mayor and Bd. of Alderman (5) Lawrason Act Police: 4 full time officers / 2 patrol cars. Fire Department: 27 volunteers / 4 trucks Fire Rating: 5 in city. Health Care: Hardtner Medical Center Hotels/Motels: 1/30 rooms ******************* file_id: 115632 32.2% have child. file_id: 115632 55.5% be couple. file_id: 115632 couple live . file_id: 115632 male have income. file_id: 115632 student add . ******************* Bayou Gauche is a census-designated place located in St. Charles Parish, Louisiana . As of the 2000 census, the CDP had a total population of 1,770. Bayou Gauche is located at 29°49'31" North, 90°26'5" West (29.825162, -90.434727) . According to the United States Census Bureau , the CDP has a total area of 52.3 km² (20.2 mi² ). 45.5 km² (17.6 mi²) of it is land and 6.8 km² (2.6 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 12.93% water. As of the census of 2000 , there are 1,770 people, 598 households, and 508 families residing in the CDP. The population density is 38.9/km² (100.7/mi²). There are 637 housing units at an average density of 14.0/km² (36.2/mi²). The racial makeup of the CDP is 96.84% White , 1.53% African American , 0.28% Native American , 0.11% Asian , 0.00% Pacific Islander , 0.85% from other races , and 0.40% from two or more races. 1.47% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 598 households out of which 44.8% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 74.4% are married couples living together, 8.4% have a female householder with no husband present, and 14.9% are non-families. 11.4% of all households are made up of individuals and 4.7% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.96 and the average family size is 3.19. In the CDP the population is spread out with 29.1% under the age of 18, 7.6% from 18 to 24, 32.5% from 25 to 44, 24.2% from 45 to 64, and 6.6% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 34 years. For every 100 females there are 101.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 97.6 males. The median income for a household in the CDP is $51,667, and the median income for a family is $52,212. Males have a median income of $45,982 versus $23,966 for females. The per capita income for the CDP is $22,170. 1.7% of the population and 0.0% of families are below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 0.0% of those under the age of 18 and 0.0% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. ******************* file_id: 115727 44.8% have child. file_id: 115727 74.4% be couple. file_id: 115727 couple live . file_id: 115727 male have income. ******************* In statistical mechanics, the Potts model, a generalization of the Ising model, is a model of interacting spins on a crystalline lattice. By studying the Potts model, one may gain insight into the behaviour of ferromagnets and certain other phenomena of solid state physics. The strength of the Potts model is not so much that it models these physical systems well; it is rather that the one-dimensional case is exactly solvable, and that it has a rich mathematical formulation that has been studied extensively. The model is named after R. B. Potts who described the model near the end of his 1952 PhD thesis. The model was related to the "planar Potts" or "clock model", which was suggested to him by his PhD advisor C. Domb. The Potts model is sometimes known as the Ashkin-Teller model, as they considered a four component version in 1943. The Potts model is related to, and generalized by, several other models, including the XY model, the Heisenberg model and the N-vector model. The infinite-range Potts model is known as the Kac model. When the spins are taken to interact in a non-Abelian manner, the model is related to the flux tube model, which is used to discuss confinement in quantum chromodynamics. The Potts model consists of that are placed on a lattice; the lattice is usually taken to be a two-dimensional rectangular Euclidean lattice, but is often generalized to other dimensions or other lattices. Domb originally suggested that the spin take one one of possible values, distributed uniformly about the circle, at angles and that the interaction Hamiltonian be given by \left( \theta_{s_i} - \theta_{s_j} \right) with the sum running over the nearest neighbor pairs (i,j) over all lattice sites. The site colors s_i take on values, ranging from 1\ldots q. Here, J_c is a coupling constant, determining the interaction strength. This model is now known as the vector Potts model or the clock model. Potts provided a solution for two dimensions, for q=2,3 and 4. In the limit as q approaches infinity, this becomes the XY model. What is now known as the standard was suggested by Potts in the course of the solution above, and uses a simpler Hamiltonian, given by: where \delta(s_i,s_j) is the Kronecker delta, which equals one whenever s_i=s_j and zero otherwise. The q=2 standard Potts model is equivalent to the 2D Ising model and the 2-state vector Potts model, with J_p=-2J_c. The q=3 standard Potts model is equivalent to the three-state vector Potts model, with J_p=-3J_c/2. A common generalization is to introduce an external "magnetic field" term , and moving the parameters inside the sums and allowing them to vary across the model: where \beta=1/kT the inverse temperature, k the Boltzmann constant and T the temperature. The summation may run over more distant neighbors on the lattice, or may in fact be an infinite-range force. Different papers may adopt slightly different conventions, which can alter H and the associated partition function by additive or multiplicative constants. Despite its simplicity as a model of a physical system, the Potts model is useful as a model system for the study of phase transitions. For example 2D dimensional lattices with J>0 exhibit a first order transition if q>4. When q\leq 4 a continuous transition is observed, as in the Ising model where q=2. Further use is found through the models relation to percolation problems and the Tutte and chromatic polynomials found in combinatorics. The model has a close relation to the Fortuin-Kasteleyn random cluster model, another model in statistical mechanics. Understanding this relationship has helped develop efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo methods for numerical exploration of the model at small q. The one dimensional Potts model mey be expressed in terms of a subshift of finite type, and thus gains access to all of the mathematical techniques associated with this formalism. In particular, it can be solved exactly using the techniques of transfer operators. Indeed, Ernst Ising used transfer operator methods to solve the closely related Ising model in his 1925 PhD thesis. This section develops the mathematical formalism, based on measure theory, behind this solution. While the example below is developed for the one-dimensional case, many of the arguments, and almost all of the notation, generalizes easily to any number of dimensions. Some of the formalism is also broad enough to handle related models, such as the XY model, the Heisenberg model and the N-vector model. Let be a finite set of symbols, and let s_k \in Q \; \forall k \in \mathbb{Z} \} be the set of all bi-infinite strings of values from the set . This set is called a full shift. For the defining the Potts model, either this whole space, or a certain subset of it, a subshift of finite type, may be used. Shifts get this name because there exists a natural operator on this space, the shift operator , acting as This set has a natural product topology; the base for this topology are the cylinder sets s_m = \xi_0, \ldots ,s_{m+k} = \xi_k \} that is, the set of all possible strings where k+1 spins match up exactly to a given, specific set of values \xi_0, \ldots, \xi_k. Explicit representations for the cylinder sets can be gotten by noting that the string of values corresponds to a q-adic number, and thus, intuitively, the product topology resembles that of the real number line. The interaction between the spins is then given by a continuous function on this topology. continuous function will do; for example will be seen to describe the interaction between nearest neighbors. Of course, different functions give different interactions; so a function of s_0, s_1 and s_2 will describe a next-nearest neighbor interaction. A function V gives interaction energy between a set of spins; it is not the Hamiltonian, but is used to build it. The argument to the function V is an element s\in Q^\mathbb{Z}, that is, an infinite string of spins. In the above example, the function V just picked out two spins out of the infinite string: the values s_0 and s_1. In general, the function V may depend on some or all of the spins; currently, only those that depend on a finite number are exactly solvable. Define the function as This function can be seen to consist of two parts: the self-energy of a configuration s_0, s_1, \ldots,s_n of spins, plus the interaction energy of this set and all the other spins in the lattice. The n\to\infty limit of this function is the Hamiltonian of the system; for finite n, these are sometimes called the finite state Hamiltonians. The corresponding finite-state partition function is given by \exp -\beta H_n(C_0 s_0,s_1,\ldots,s_n) with being the cylinder sets defined above. Here, β=1/ , where is Boltzmann's constant, and is the temperature. It is very common in mathematical treatments to set β=1, as it is easily regained by rescaling the interaction energy. This partition function is written as a function of the interaction to emphasize that it is only a function of the interaction, and not of any specific configuration of spins. The partition function, together with the Hamiltonian, are used to define a measure on the topology. The measure of a cylinder set is given by \frac{1}{Z_n(V)} \exp -\beta H_n (C_k s_0,s_1,\ldots,s_n) This measure is a probability measure; it gives the likelyhood of a given configuration occurring in the configuration space Q^\mathbb{Z}. By endowing the configuration space with a probability measure built from a Hamiltonian in this way, the configuration space turns into a canonical ensemble. Most thermodyanmic properties can be expressed directly in terms of the partition function. Thus, for example, the Helmholtz free energy is given by Another important related quantity is the topological pressure, defined as which will show up as the logarithm of the leading eigenvalue of the transfer operator of the solution. The simplest model is the model where there is no interaction at all, and so and . The partition function becomes If all states are allowed, that is, the underlying set of states is given by a full shift, then the sum may be trivially evaluated as If neighboring spins are only allowed in certain specific configurations, then the state space is given by a subshift of finite type. The partition function may then be written as e^{-\beta} \mbox{Tr} A^n where card is the cardinality or count of a set, and Fix is the set of fixed points of the iterated shift function: \{ s \in Q^\mathbb{Z} : \tau^n s = s \} The q \times q matrix A is the adjacency matrix specifying which neighboring spin values are allowed. The simplest case of the interacting model is the Ising model, where there the spin can only take on one of two values, and only nearest neighbor spins interact. The interaction potential is given by This potential can be captured in a matrix with matrix elements with the index . The partition function is then given by The general solution for an arbitrary number of spins, and an arbitary finite-range interaction, is given by the same general form. In this case, the precise expression for the matrix M is a bit more complex. The goal of solving a model such as the Potts model is to give the an exact closed-form expression for the partition function (which we've done) and an expression for the Gibbs states or equilibrium states in the limit of n\to\infty, the thermodynamic limit. ToDo: (article under development): ******************* ******************* Hollis is a town located in York County, Maine . As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 4,114. According to the United States Census Bureau , the town has a total area of 85.3 km² (32.9 mi² ). 82.9 km² (32.0 mi²) of it is land and 2.4 km² (0.9 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 2.79% water. As of the census 2 of 2000 , there are 4,114 people, 1,507 households, and 1,139 families residing in the town. The population density is 49.6/km² (128.5/mi²). There are 1,592 housing units at an average density of 19.2/km² (49.7/mi²). The racial makeup of the town is 98.81% White , 0.15% African American , 0.12% Native American , 0.15% Asian , 0.10% Pacific Islander , 0.07% from other races , and 0.61% from two or more races. 0.53% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 1,507 households out of which 38.1% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.7% are married couples living together, 8.3% have a female householder with no husband present, and 24.4% are non-families. 16.3% of all households are made up of individuals and 5.2% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.73 and the average family size is 3.06. In the town the population is spread out with 26.8% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 32.7% from 25 to 44, 25.1% from 45 to 64, and 7.7% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 37 years. For every 100 females there are 98.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 96.1 males. The median income for a household in the town is $48,846, and the median income for a family is $53,621. Males have a median income of $35,064 versus $25,510 for females. The per capita income for the town is $19,065. 6.6% of the population and 4.6% of families are below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 9.3% of those under the age of 18 and 10.6% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. The town of Hollis was originally called Little Falls Plantation encompassing the towns of Hollis, Dayton, and part of Limington. It was bought by Major William Phillips from the town of Hobinowil and Mogg Hegon of the local Sagamore Indian tribe in 1664. In 1728 a trading post by an order from the General Court of Massachusetts was to be constructed on the site to protect trade with the Indians.It was made crudely of logs and equipped with a cannon. Ten men and a sergeant garrisoned it. John and Andrew Gordon tried to settle the land in 1754, but were driven away by the Indians. On March 27, 1781 the first recorded plantation meeting and Joseph Chadbourne was elected Moderator. By 1790 the population numbered 607 souls, the first vote for state office came in 1791 and Littlefalls gave John Hancock 27 votes. In 1798 Littlefalls was incorporated into Phillipsburg, named in honor of Major Phillips. The first town meeting took place on September 27, 1798 held at the home of Stephen Hopkinson. The moderator was Joseph Chadbourne. In 1810 a committee was put together to rename the town, headed by Colonel Isaac Lane and Captain Eben Cleaves. It was finally decided upon the name Hollis. The reasoning behind the name is not known it is thought to have been inspired by Hollis, New Hampshire or possibly by the surname Holles a friend of one of the renamers. Today with a population nearing four thousand and its close proximity to Portland , Hollis is growing fast. The town however still retains much of its country culture. It is mainly now just a home for people with jobs in Portland, South Portland, Saco, Westbrook, and Sanford. It has few large businesses except for Eagle Industries, and bottling plant for Poland Spring Water. Also,there is a school that offers education for grades K-5. The recreation center(across the street from the school)is excellent. The other businesses are mostly family run. Official Website of Hollis, Maine ******************* file_id: 116273 38.1% have child. file_id: 116273 62.7% be couple. file_id: 116273 couple live . file_id: 116273 male have income. file_id: 116273 littlefall give John_Hancock_27. ******************* Kearney Township is a township located in Antrim County, Michigan . As of the 2000 census, the township had a total population of 1,764. According to the United States Census Bureau , the township has a total area of 91.1 km² (35.2 mi² ). 88.7 km² (34.2 mi²) of it is land and 2.4 km² (0.9 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 2.67% water. As of the census 2 of 2000 , there are 1,764 people, 661 households, and 464 families residing in the township. The population density is 19.9/km² (51.5/mi²). There are 932 housing units at an average density of 10.5/km² (27.2/mi²). The racial makeup of the township is 97.17% White , 0.28% African American , 0.57% Native American , 0.06% Asian , 0.00% Pacific Islander , 0.40% from other races , and 1.53% from two or more races. 1.59% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 661 households out of which 32.5% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.3% are married couples living together, 11.8% have a female householder with no husband present, and 29.8% are non-families. 25.6% of all households are made up of individuals and 10.0% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.41 and the average family size is 2.89. In the township the population is spread out with 24.4% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 26.9% from 25 to 44, 20.9% from 45 to 64, and 20.7% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 40 years. For every 100 females there are 91.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 89.2 males. The median income for a household in the township is $36,058, and the median income for a family is $45,677. Males have a median income of $35,391 versus $21,739 for females. The per capita income for the township is $19,106. 8.1% of the population and 5.8% of families are below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 7.8% of those under the age of 18 and 11.8% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. ******************* file_id: 117050 32.5% have child. file_id: 117050 54.3% be couple. file_id: 117050 couple live . file_id: 117050 male have income. ******************* Dowagiac is a city located in Cass County in the U.S. state of Michigan . As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 6,147. Dowagiac is situated at the corner of four townships: Wayne Township to the northeast, La Grange Township to the southeast, Pokagon Township to the southwest, and Silver Creek Township to the northeast. The city is at the junction of Michigan State Highway 51 and Michigan State Highway 62 . M-51 connects with Niles 17 miles to the southwest and with Interstate 94 21 miles to the northeast. M-62 connects with Cassopolis eight miles to the southeast and with Michigan State Highway 140 nine miles to the west. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 10.5 km² (4.0 mi² ). 10.4 km² (4.0 mi²) of it is land and 0.1 km² (0.04 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 0.74% water. As of the census 2 of 2000 , there are 6,147 people, 2,421 households, and 1,542 families residing in the city. The population density is 590.4/km² (1,530.8/mi²). There are 2,631 housing units at an average density of 252.7/km² (655.2/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 76.95% White , 15.63% African American , 2.02% Native American , 0.57% Asian , 0.00% Pacific Islander , 1.59% from other races , and 3.24% from two or more races. 2.49% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 2,421 households out of which 32.8% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.1% are married couples living together, 18.7% have a female householder with no husband present, and 36.3% are non-families. 31.9% of all households are made up of individuals and 15.4% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.43 and the average family size is 3.06. In the city the population is spread out with 28.1% under the age of 18, 9.7% from 18 to 24, 27.4% from 25 to 44, 19.4% from 45 to 64, and 15.4% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 34 years. For every 100 females there are 91.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 85.4 males. The median income for a household in the city is $29,926, and the median income for a family is $33,443. Males have a median income of $28,534 versus $22,282 for females. The per capita income for the city is $16,659. 17.8% of the population and 14.3% of families are below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 25.6% of those under the age of 18 and 12.8% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. ******************* file_id: 117238 32.8% have child. file_id: 117238 40.1% be couple. file_id: 117238 couple live . file_id: 117238 male have income. ******************* Togawa Jun(戸川純) is a Japanese singer and musician born in 1961. She began her career in the early 1980s as a rather unique idol singer (or possibly a parody of an idol singer) with the single "Virgin Blues". It was soon apparent that her eccentric personality, surreal or disturbing lyrics and multiple wildly different yet highly accomplished singing voices set her apart from the usual bland, cute pop singers so popular in Japan. Her mash-up of "lolita" voice, straight singing, screaming, and operatics, married to traditional Japanese melodies, militaristic marching themes, and techno-pop continue to endear her to Japanese "maniac" fans, such as devotees of horror or erotic manga, particularly young women. Influential alternative musician and producer Jim O'Rourke known for his work with Sonic Youth amongst others, picked a Togawa Jun album "Goodbye 20th Century" as one of his "best albums of the year" in an interview in 2001. Although her deeply un-commercial attitude kept her away from major "pop" success, she survived as an influential and respected underground music figure both solo and as the lead singer of Guernica and Yapoos, and she recently released a new CD with her current project "Jun Togawa Band" featuring elements of noise rock, disco, techno-pop, opera and various other genres, to favourable reviews from many underground music fans in Japan. ******************* file_id: 1176528 marching_themes_,_and_techno_-_pop continue . ******************* Empire is a village located in Leelanau County, Michigan . As of the 2000 census, the village had a total population of 378. The village is located within Empire Township . According to the United States Census Bureau , the village has a total area of 3.2 km² (1.2 mi² ). 3.0 km² (1.1 mi²) of it is land and 0.2 km² (0.1 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 7.26% water. As of the census 2 of 2000 , there are 378 people, 187 households, and 104 families residing in the village. The population density is 126.9/km² (328.5/mi²). There are 276 housing units at an average density of 92.7/km² (239.8/mi²). The racial makeup of the village is 98.94% White , 0.26% Native American , 0.26% Asian , and 0.53% from two or more races. There are 187 households out of which 16.6% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.1% are married couples living together, 5.9% have a female householder with no husband present, and 43.9% are non-families. 39.6% of all households are made up of individuals and 16.6% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.02 and the average family size is 2.70. In the village the population is spread out with 15.6% under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 19.3% from 25 to 44, 35.2% from 45 to 64, and 23.5% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 49 years. For every 100 females there are 94.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 96.9 males. The median income for a household in the village is $39,722, and the median income for a family is $52,813. Males have a median income of $31,042 versus $24,250 for females. The per capita income for the village is $27,850. 7.4% of the population and 2.7% of families are below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 7.8% of those under the age of 18 and 6.0% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. ******************* file_id: 117920 16.6% have child. file_id: 117920 47.1% be couple. file_id: 117920 couple live . file_id: 117920 male have income. ******************* The Ferrari Mondial is a 2+2 coupe automobile produced from 1980 through 1993. It replaced the angular 208/308 GT4"Dino". Although the Mondial was styled by Pininfarina rather than Bertone, it shared much of its predecessor's boxiness and is often criticized as a lesser model for the marque. It was sold as a large coupe and, eventually, cabriolet. The Mondial was produced in fairly high numbers for Ferrari, with more than 6,800 produced in its 12-year run, and is today one of the most affordable Ferrari models. The Mondial was introduced as the Mondial 8 in 1980. It was the first Ferrari to depart from the company's familiar 3-digit naming scheme, and was fairly mild-performing (for a Ferrari). It used a mid/rear-mounted V8, shared with the 308, mounted transverse ly. The engine was originally used in the 1974 Dino308 GT4. The chassis was also based on the 308 GT4, but with a 100 mm longer wheelbase at 2650 mm. The suspension was double wishbones all around. The Mondial 8 is considered one of the marque's most reliable, inexpensive to maintain, and even practical cars due to its 214 hp (160 kW), proven drivetrain, and four seats. The first Mondial engine, although a DOHC design, used just two valves per cylinder. The 1982 Quattrovalvole introduced a new 4-valve head. Again, the engine was shared with the contemporary 308 GTB, and produced a more respectable 240 hp (179 kW). A new Cabriolet bodystyle was added for 1983. Although the styling was very similar to the coupe version, the Cabriolet's top gave the car a lower look similar to the contemporary Testarossa. Like the new 328 GTB, the Mondial's engine grew in both bore and stroke to 3.2 L (3185 cc) for 1985. Output was now 270 hp (201 kW), and the car's weight distribution was changed enough for the car to classify as a true mid-engine design. Styling was refreshed with painted bumpers and new wheels. The final Mondial evolution was 1989's Mondial t. It was a substantially changed model, "spearhead of a new generation of V8 Ferraris", according to Road & Track magazine. The "t" called attention to the car's new engine/transmission layout: though the previously-transverse engine was now mounted longitudinal ly, the gearbox remained transverse, forming a "t". This configuration was used by Ferrari's Formula 1 cars of the 1980s, and would be the standard for the marque's future mid-engined V8 cars, beginning with the 348, introduced later in the year. That transverse gearbox was a dual-clutch design with beveled gears driving the axles on the earlier models, a single clutch and auto-manual gearbox (termed Valeo - the clutch was actuated automatically without a clutch pedal) were added later. The engine was up to 3.4 L (3405 cc) and 300 hp (224 kW). The Mondial's chassis would underpin a new generation of 2-seat Ferraris, right up to the 360, but the 2+2 Mondial would end production just four years later in 1993. The company has not produced a mid-engined 2+2 car since, leaving the front-engined V12 456 as the company's only 4-seat car. The Mondial was home to other Ferrari firsts: It used power brakes for the first time, and had a 3-position electronically controlled suspension. It also had standard antilock brakes, though other Ferraris had this feature as well. ******************* file_id: 1182030 mondial produce_PASS number. file_id: 1182030 styling refresh_PASS bumper. file_id: 1182030 configuration use_PASS Formula_1. ******************* The Oyster River is located on the East Side of Vancouver Island between Courtney British Columbia and Campbell River BC. The Oyster River runs from Pearl Lake to Saratoga Beach. Spawning channels located on the river are visited yearly by many salmon. ******************* file_id: 1189603 Spawning_channels locate_PASS river. ******************* George Ambrose Lloyd, 1st Baron Lloyd( 1879- February 4 1941) was a British Conservative politician strongly associated with the " Diehard" wing of the party. Educated at Eton College and Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1901 he joined the family firm Stewart and Lloyds Limited a Birmingham based steel tubes manufacturer and was involved with the tariff reform movement of Joseph Chamberlain before serving as an honorary trade consul to the Ottoman Empire In 1910 he was elected as a Liberal Unionist for West Staffordshire, marrying Blanche Lascelles in the following year. During World War One he served on the staff of Sir Ian Hamilton at Gallipoli landing with the ANZACs on the first day of that campaign and , after a time in Cairo, with T E Lawrence and the Arab Bureau in Hejaz, the Negev and the Sinai desert. In conjunction with Edward Wood (later Earl of Halifax) he wrote "The Great Opportunity" in 1918. This book was meant to be a Conservative challenge to the Lloyd George coaliton and stressed devolution of power from Westminster and the importance of reviving English industry and agriculture. In December 1918 he was appointed Governor of Bombay and made KCIE. His principal activities while Governer were reclaiming land for housing in the Back Bay area of the city of Bombay and building the Sukkur Barrage an irrigation scheme both of which were funded by loans raised in India instead of in England. Lloyd's administration was the first to raise such funds locally. He completed his term as Governer in 1922 and was made a Privy Councillor and KGCSI. In the 1920s he served as High Commissioner to Egypt until his resignation was forced by Foreign Secretary Arthur Henderson. During the 1930s he was one of the most prominent opponents of proposals to grant Indian Home Rule, working alongside Winston Churchill against the National Government. When Churchill became Prime Minister in May 1940, he appointed Lloyd as Secretary of State for the Colonies and in December of that year he conferred the additional job of Leader of the House of Lords. However Lloyd died in office two months later. Lord Lloyd and the decline of the British Empire, John Charmley, Weidenfeld 1987 ******************* file_id: 1193698 Birmingham base_PASS steel_tubes_manufacturer. ******************* Funkley is a city located in Beltrami County, Minnesota . As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 15. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 1.0 km² (0.4 mi² ). 1.0 km² (0.4 mi²) of it is land and none of it is covered by water. As of the census 2 of 2000 , there are 15 people, 6 households, and 4 families residing in the city. The population density is 14.9/km² (38.9/mi²). There are 12 housing units at an average density of 11.9/km² (31.1/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 100.00% White , 0.00% African American , 0.00% Native American , 0.00% Asian , 0.00% Pacific Islander , 0.00% from other races , and 0.00% from two or more races. 0.00% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 6 households out of which 33.3% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.7% are married couples living together, 16.7% have a female householder with no husband present, and 16.7% are non-families. 16.7% of all households are made up of individuals and 0.0% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.50 and the average family size is 2.60. In the city the population is spread out with 26.7% under the age of 18, 0.0% from 18 to 24, 26.7% from 25 to 44, 13.3% from 45 to 64, and 33.3% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 38 years. For every 100 females there are 150.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 120.0 males. The median income for a household in the city is $26,250, and the median income for a family is $25,625. Males have a median income of $29,167 versus $17,083 for females. The per capita income for the city is $15,521. 0.0% of the population and 0.0% of families are below the poverty line . ******************* file_id: 119439 33.3% have child. file_id: 119439 66.7% be couple. file_id: 119439 couple live . file_id: 119439 male have income. ******************* Twin Lakes Township is a township located in Carlton County, Minnesota . As of the 2000 census, the township had a total population of 1,912. According to the United States Census Bureau , the township has a total area of 116.1 km² (44.8 mi² ). 110.7 km² (42.8 mi²) of it is land and 5.3 km² (2.0 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 4.57% water. As of the census 2 of 2000 , there are 1,912 people, 681 households, and 555 families residing in the township. The population density is 17.3/km² (44.7/mi²). There are 715 housing units at an average density of 6.5/km² (16.7/mi²). The racial makeup of the township is 95.40% White , 0.52% African American , 2.04% Native American , 0.16% Asian , 0.00% Pacific Islander , 0.10% from other races , and 1.78% from two or more races. 1.15% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 681 households out of which 37.4% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 71.2% are married couples living together, 6.5% have a female householder with no husband present, and 18.5% are non-families. 14.2% of all households are made up of individuals and 2.9% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.75 and the average family size is 3.03. In the township the population is spread out with 26.4% under the age of 18, 6.0% from 18 to 24, 27.1% from 25 to 44, 29.5% from 45 to 64, and 11.0% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 40 years. For every 100 females there are 108.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 105.1 males. The median income for a household in the township is $48,565, and the median income for a family is $54,118. Males have a median income of $40,526 versus $30,114 for females. The per capita income for the township is $20,265. 6.4% of the population and 4.9% of families are below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 5.6% of those under the age of 18 and 4.1% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. ******************* file_id: 119615 37.4% have child. file_id: 119615 71.2% be couple. file_id: 119615 couple live . file_id: 119615 male have income. ******************* Heron Lake Township is a township located in Jackson County, Minnesota . As of the 2000 census, the township had a total population of 401. According to the United States Census Bureau , the township has a total area of 113.7 km² (43.9 mi² ). 100.4 km² (38.8 mi²) of it is land and 13.3 km² (5.1 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 11.71% water. As of the census 2 of 2000 , there are 401 people, 146 households, and 110 families residing in the township. The population density is 4.0/km² (10.3/mi²). There are 152 housing units at an average density of 1.5/km² (3.9/mi²). The racial makeup of the township is 99.50% White , 0.00% African American , 0.00% Native American , 0.25% Asian , 0.00% Pacific Islander , 0.25% from other races , and 0.00% from two or more races. 1.25% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 146 households out of which 32.9% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.9% are married couples living together, 2.7% have a female householder with no husband present, and 24.0% are non-families. 21.2% of all households are made up of individuals and 7.5% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.75 and the average family size is 3.22. In the township the population is spread out with 27.7% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 29.2% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 14.5% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 38 years. For every 100 females there are 119.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 121.4 males. The median income for a household in the township is $40,714, and the median income for a family is $43,194. Males have a median income of $22,188 versus $23,125 for females. The per capita income for the township is $14,380. 9.8% of the population and 6.3% of families are below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 10.9% of those under the age of 18 and 0.0% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. ******************* file_id: 120375 32.9% have child. file_id: 120375 69.9% be couple. file_id: 120375 couple live . file_id: 120375 male have income. ******************* An anticausal system is a system that depends solely on future input values. An acausal system is a system that depends on both the past and the future, as opposed to a causal system which depend only on current and/or past input values. This is often a topic of control theory and digital signal processing(DSP). An example of acausal signal processing is a signal that is processed from another signal by looking at inputs both forward and backward in time from a predefined time arbitrarily denoted "present" time. (In reality, that "present" time input has been recorded at some time in the past, but conceptually it can be called the present or current input value.) This type of processing cannot be done in realtime as future input values are not yet known, but is done after the input signal has been recorded and is being post-processed. ******************* file_id: 1203920 system depend input_values. file_id: 1203920 type not_do_PASS realtime. ******************* Warren is a city located in Marshall County, Minnesota . As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 1,678. It is the county seat of Marshall County 6 . According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 3.7 km² (1.4 mi² ). 3.7 km² (1.4 mi²) of it is land and none of it is covered by surface water. The Snake River flows in serpentine fashion through the city (hence its name), and there is development on both banks. This has proved problematic as the city attempts flood control. Some major floods in the city's history occurred in 1896 (twice), 1969 , 1974 , 1979 , 1996 (twice), and 1997 . The streets of the original townsite of Warren are laid out on a grid parallel and perpendicular to the Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railroad . Some newer additions, particularly those south of Bridge Street (Minnesota Highway 1) are laid out on a conventional north-south grid. The BNSF is the dividing line for the street system east and west, and Bridge Street is the dividing line north and south. As of the census 2 of 2000 , there are 1,678 people, 699 households, and 432 families residing in the city. The population density is 453.1/km² (1,174.1/mi²). There are 785 housing units at an average density of 212.0/km² (549.3/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 98.27% White , 0.12% African American , 0.24% Native American , 0.06% Asian , 0.00% Pacific Islander , 1.01% from other races , and 0.30% from two or more races. 2.62% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 699 households out of which 28.8% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.6% are married couples living together, 9.9% have a female householder with no husband present, and 38.1% are non-families. 35.9% of all households are made up of individuals and 20.6% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.24 and the average family size is 2.90. In the city the population is spread out with 23.4% under the age of 18, 6.6% from 18 to 24, 24.2% from 25 to 44, 21.1% from 45 to 64, and 24.7% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 42 years. For every 100 females there are 88.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 83.0 males. The median income for a household in the city is $36,250, and the median income for a family is $45,063. Males have a median income of $32,216 versus $20,625 for females. The per capita income for the city is $17,547. 10.2% of the population and 6.5% of families are below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 11.5% of those under the age of 18 and 10.6% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. Warren was first settled in 1879 by Charles Wenzel. The coming of the Great Northern Railroad (now Burlington Northern Santa Fe) led to the establishment of a permanent settlement. It was named for a ticket agent for the railroad who probably never set foot in Warren. Warren was incorporated as a village in 1881 and as a city in 1892. There has always been some doubt surrounding the actual date of Warren's founding. Hence, the city celebrated its 75th anniversary in 1956 and its centennial in 1980. Although several times larger than the next largest city in the county, Warren's prominence as the county seat has been threatened several times in its history. The original plan for the Soo Line Railroad (completed in 1905) branch line that passes through Warren called for it to run from Thief River Falls to Argyle and then west. Argyle interests hoped the establishment of a railroad junction there would lead to the removal of the county seat from Warren to Argyle. Other interests prevailed, although the railroad line forms a parabola extending north from Thief River Falls, and then south to Warren, as if the plan changed while the line was being built. In 1974, citizens of the eastern part of the county, noting Warren's location in the western quarter of the long county, and very nearly at its southern boundary, petitioned twice for the relocation of the county seat to Newfolden. Neither effort that year resulted in the question being put on the ballot, and in fact, voters in the interim had approved the construction of an addition to the courthouse in Warren. Agriculture and agribusiness have been the mainstays of Warren throughout its history. In fact, for most of its history, there has been no other industry at all. Although the Red River Valley has a short growing season, which is often made even shorter due to floods, the area has excellent crop yields which help make farming in the area less risky than in other areas with poorer soil. The principal crops are wheat, soybeans, potatoes, and sugar beets. Warren was at one time home to the largest independent elevator in Minnesota. Northwest Grain Cenex Harvest States Cooperative has a large elevator on the Soo Line, and the American Crystal Sugar Co. operates a beet terminal just west of Warren during harvest. Warren has three bank branches, the largest being a branch of Community Bank of the Red River Valley, headquartered in East Grand Forks. Warren is home of the Warren-Alvarado-Oslo school district. The district has one six-year high school and one elementary school, both located in Warren. Both buildings have been called superior facilities for a district its size. The high school, built in 1954, includes a 1000-seat auditorium. The elementary school, built in 1970, was originally an "open school" design where the classrooms were separated by chalkboard partitions rather than walls, although a few walls were installed in 1987. Warren has a public library, the Godel Memorial Library, and is home to the Marshall County Historical Society, the Marshall County Fair, and the Warren Riverside Country Club (9-hole, par 4, grass greens). The city has three Lutheran churches (two affiliated with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America and one affiliated with the Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod), a Roman Catholic parish and cemetery, an Evangelical Covenant Church, a United Methodist church, and an Assembly of God church. In the rural area surrounding the city, there are three small Lutheran churches. Some famous people who have lived in Warren are Congressman James L. Oberstar (D-Minn.) and ophthamologist Harold Scheie, founder of the Scheie Eye Institute. Solum, Nancy, ed. Self-Portrait of Marshall County: A History of One Minnesota County and Many People Who Made That History. Dallas: Taylor, 1976. Stevens, Charles L. Warren and Vicinity in the Eighties: Some Recollections of Happenings in This Section Nearly Fifty Years Ago. Warren, Minn.: Warren Register, 1928. Warren, Plains to Plenty: A Story of 75 Eventful Years , Warren, Minn: Sheaf Printing, 1956. ******************* file_id: 120716 49.6% be couple. file_id: 120716 couple live . file_id: 120716 male have income. file_id: 120716 interest hope . file_id: 120716 voter approve_PASS construction. file_id: 120716 area have crop_yields. file_id: 120716 crop_yields help . file_id: 120716 crop be wheat_,_soybeans_,_potatoes_,_and_sugar_beets. file_id: 120716 Both_buildings call_PASS facility. file_id: 120716 classroom separate_PASS chalkboard_partitions. ******************* Mungyeong Saejae is a mountain pass in central South Korea. It lies on Joryeong Mountain between the main peak (1017 m) and Sinseon Peak (967 m). The pass itself rises to 642 m above sea level. Mungyeong Saejae connects Mungyeong City, North Gyeongsang province with Goesan County in North Chungcheong province. Water flowing down from the Mungyeong side of the pass eventually flows into the Nakdong River and meets the Sea of Japan(East Sea) at Busan. Runoff from the Goesan side eventually flows into the Han River, which passes through Seoul to meet the Yellow Sea at Incheon. The pass is also known by the name " Joryeong" (조령,鳥嶺). Both names literally mean "bird pass," and probably signify "a pass so high that even birds find the crossing difficult." The pass is renowned as the only place where the old road between Seoul and Busan, the Great Yeongnam Road, still looks like it did in the Joseon Dynasty. On June 4, 1981, the area around the Mungyeong side of the pass was declared Mungyeong Saejae Provincial Park, which is now a significant tourist attraction. In addition to the pass and the surrounding scenery, the park boasts a museum and tourist hotel, along with a small village of businesses catering to the tourist trade. During the Joseon period, Mungyeong Saejae played an important role as the gateway in and out of the Gyeongsang province. Scholars, traders and government officials from Gyeongsang had to go through the pass when going to or from Seoul. Three great gates which maintained control over the pass during that time still stand, although the only people who go through them now are tourists. Mungyeong Saejae is the subject of at least one traditional Korean folksong in the arirang style. ******************* file_id: 1211996 bird find . file_id: 1211996 Scholars_,_traders_and_government_officials go pass. ******************* Glenbogle is a fictional Scottish estate, created by Compton Mackenzie in his Highland novels, and featured in the BBC series Monarch of the Glen . The novels place the estate near Ben Nevis(one of the laird's titles is "The Ben Nevis"), but the series is filmed in and around the Cairngorms, Badenoch and Strathspey, with Ben Nevis replaced by the fictional Ben Bogle. In the books and series, the estate has historic connections with the neighbouring Kilwillie and Drumsticket estates. In the books it also has connections with the islands of Little Todday and Great Todday, best known from Mackenzie's Whisky Galore . Locations in the estate mentioned in the books include Ben Booey, Ben Glass and Ben Gorm (the Three Sisters of Glenbogle); Loch na Craosniach (the Loch of the Spear); Glenbristle; the River Bogle; Strathdiddle; Loch Hoch; and Drumcockie Moor. Loch Hoch and the Three Sisters mark the borders of the estate. The TV series has added more locations, including Ben Bogle, as mentioned above, and Glenbogle Loch (actually Loch Laggan). The series also introduced Glenbogle town; in the books there is specifically no town near the estate. Some of the town scenes are filmed in Kingusie and Laggan. Several scenes in the series were set at Glenbogle Station - these were filmed at Broomhill Station, near Nethy Bridge. This station is the terminus of the Strathspey Railway, a restored steam railway. The MacDonalds of Glenbogle have a traditional rivalry with the MacIntoshes. According to the novels, Hector of the Great Jaw speared eleven MacIntoshes and drowned them in Loch na Craosniach (hence, presumably, the name). His descendent, the ninth laird, also named Hector, was involved in numerous disputes with the MacIntoshes, responding to one outrage by roasting forty-five of them in a church. The series shows the feud continuing to the present day; in the third series Stuart MacIntosh plans to avenge his clan by buying the estate from the bank, should the MacDonalds lose it. The estate's near bankrupcy has been a recurring theme in the series. Attempts to rectify this have included a wildlife preserve(with wolves), a jam-making concern (Glenbogle Preserves), and a plan to make Glenbogle Castle into a hotel. It may be assumed that the first two enterprises are continuing; the third failed to gain start-up capital. ******************* file_id: 1214831 estate have connection. file_id: 1214831 location mention_PASS book. file_id: 1214831 attempt rectify . file_id: 1214831 wildlife preserve wolf. ******************* Lind Township is a township located in Roseau County, Minnesota . As of the 2000 census, the township had a total population of 58. According to the United States Census Bureau , the township has a total area of 93.6 km² (36.1 mi² ). 93.6 km² (36.1 mi²) of it is land and none of it is covered by water. As of the census 2 of 2000 , there are 58 people, 22 households, and 17 families residing in the township. The population density is 0.6/km² (1.6/mi²). There are 30 housing units at an average density of 0.3/km² (0.8/mi²). The racial makeup of the township is 100.00% White , 0.00% African American , 0.00% Native American , 0.00% Asian , 0.00% Pacific Islander , 0.00% from other races , and 0.00% from two or more races. 0.00% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 22 households out of which 31.8% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 81.8% are married couples living together, 0.0% have a female householder with no husband present, and 18.2% are non-families. 18.2% of all households are made up of individuals and 9.1% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.64 and the average family size is 3.00. In the township the population is spread out with 29.3% under the age of 18, 3.4% from 18 to 24, 24.1% from 25 to 44, 22.4% from 45 to 64, and 20.7% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 37 years. For every 100 females there are 100.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 95.2 males. The median income for a household in the township is $26,250, and the median income for a family is $33,750. Males have a median income of $8,438 versus $30,625 for females. The per capita income for the township is $11,005. 0.0% of the population and 0.0% of families are below the poverty line . ******************* file_id: 121616 81.8% be couple. file_id: 121616 couple live . file_id: 121616 male have income. ******************* Brockway Township is a township located in Stearns County, Minnesota . As of the 2000 census, the township had a total population of 2,551. According to the United States Census Bureau , the township has a total area of 125.8 km² (48.6 mi² ). 124.0 km² (47.9 mi²) of it is land and 1.9 km² (0.7 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 1.48% water. As of the census 2 of 2000 , there are 2,551 people, 864 households, and 693 families residing in the township. The population density is 20.6/km² (53.3/mi²). There are 885 housing units at an average density of 7.1/km² (18.5/mi²). The racial makeup of the township is 99.26% White , 0.00% African American , 0.04% Native American , 0.31% Asian , 0.00% Pacific Islander , 0.16% from other races , and 0.24% from two or more races. 0.16% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 864 households out of which 44.8% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 71.4% are married couples living together, 3.4% have a female householder with no husband present, and 19.7% are non-families. 14.7% of all households are made up of individuals and 3.6% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.95 and the average family size is 3.32. In the township the population is spread out with 31.4% under the age of 18, 7.6% from 18 to 24, 32.9% from 25 to 44, 21.1% from 45 to 64, and 6.9% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 34 years. For every 100 females there are 111.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 115.3 males. The median income for a household in the township is $54,375, and the median income for a family is $60,625. Males have a median income of $37,865 versus $25,781 for females. The per capita income for the township is $22,041. 4.3% of the population and 3.2% of families are below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 6.1% of those under the age of 18 and 7.9% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. Brockway Township ******************* file_id: 121808 44.8% have child. file_id: 121808 71.4% be couple. file_id: 121808 couple live . file_id: 121808 male have income. ******************* Hartcliffe is a district of Bristol, England. It is a council estate on the southern edges of the city next to Withywood, on the northern slopes of Dundry Hill. Construction started in 1952 after the compulsory purchase of a number of pre-existing farms. A small shopping area was built, and the first church (St Andrew) opened in 1956. The name is from the Saxon Here Cliff. ******************* file_id: 1218211 construction start 1952. ******************* This is the top 106.7 countown by Los Angeles, California radio station KROQ. All songs came out in 1988. The ranking is determined by votes from listeners. Depeche Mode: Route 66 Bollock Brothers: Harley David (Son of a Bitch) Siouxsie and the Banshees: Peek-A-Boo U2: Desire Morrissey: Every Day is Like Sunday Midnight Oil: Beds Are Burning Erasure: Chains of Love New Order: Touched by the Hand of God Tone Loc: Wild Thing INXS: Kick Maxi Priest: Wild World The Primitives: Crash Marc Almond: Tears Run Rings Social Distortion: Prison Bound The Woodentops: Stop This Car Martini Ranch: Reach House of Love: Christine Pet Shop Boys: Always On My Mind Gene Loves Jezebel: Suspicion Talking Heads: (Nothing But) Flowers Midnight Oil: The Dead Heart Camouflage: The Great Commandment Robyn Hitchcock: Balloon Man Oingo Boingo: Cinderella Undercover Echo and the Bunnymen: Bedbugs and Ballyhoo Siouxsie and the Banshees: The Killing Jar Grandmaster Flash: Magic Carpet Ride Edie Brickell and the New Bohemians: What I Am Pop Will Eat Itself: There Is No Love Between Us Anymore R.E.M.: Stand The Escape Club: Wild Wild West The Smithereens: Only a Memory Pet Shop Boys: Heart Erasure: Heart of Stone Danielle Dax: Big Hollow Man The Sugarcubes: Motorcrash The Psychedelic Furs: All That Money Wants UB40/ Chrissie Hynde: Breakfast in Bed Killing Joke: America Jerry Harrison: Rev It Up The Screaming Tribesmen: I've Got a Feeling INXS: Devil Inside OMD: Dreaming The Bangles: In Your Room The Sisters of Mercy: This Corrosion Julian Cope: Charlotte Anne Sparks: So Important Morrissey: Suedehead Thomas Dolby: Airhead The Screaming Tribesmen: Take My Heart Away Eurythmics: I Need a Man Voice of the Beehive: There's a Barbarian in the Back of My Car Duran Duran: I Don't Want Your Love Big Audio Dynamite: Just Play Music Hugh Cornwell: Another Kind of Love The Alarm: Presence of Love Scritti Politti: Boom There She Was 10,000 Maniacs: What's the Matter Here? Information Society: What's on Your Mind? Joe Strummer: Trash City Icehouse: Electric Blue Eurythmics: Shame Ranking Roger: So Excited The Timelords: Doctorin' the Tardis Cocteau Twins: Carolyn's Fingers U2: Angel of Harlem The Ramones: I Wanna Be Sedated Jon Astley: Been There, Done That Ziggy Marley: Tomorrow People Jane's Addiction: Jane Says Was (Not Was): Dad I'm in Jail Cetu Javu: Situations Devo: Baby Doll Red Flag: Broken Heart Love and Rockets: Mirror People Sinéad O'Connor: I Want Your (Hands On Me) Mighty Lemon Drops: Inside Out R.E.M.: Orange Crush Erasure: Little Respect Danielle Dax: Cat House Oingo Boingo: Winning Side The Pogues: Fiesta Peter Murphy: All Night Long Jerry Harrison: Man With a Gun Shona Laing: Glad I'm Not a Kennedy Living Colour: Glamour Boys Morrissey: Hairdresser on Fire Pop Will Eat Itself: Def Con One Devo: Disco Dancer Pursuit of Happiness: I'm an Adult Now The Sugarcubes: Delicious Demon Book of Love: Tubular Bells Wire: Kidney Bingos Aswad: Don't Turn Around Camper Van Beethoven: Turquoise Jewelry Crowded House: Kill Eye A House: Call Me Blue The Pixies: Bone Machine Morrissey: Sister I'm a Poet Siouxsie and the Banshees: Ornaments of Gold Transvision Vamp: Tell That Girl to Shut Up Jesus and Mary Chain: Surfin' USA Dead or Alive: Turn Around and Count to Ten UB40: Come Out to Play Ziggy Marley: Tumblin' Down Midnight Oil: Dreamworld Boy John Frost: Mother's Day ******************* file_id: 1220882 All_songs come . file_id: 1220882 ranking determine_PASS vote. file_id: 1220882 bed burn erasure. ******************* Brashear is a city located in Adair County, Missouri . As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 280. Brashear is located at 40°8'52" North, 92°22'39" West (40.147868, -92.377565) . According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 0.9 km² (0.3 mi² ). 0.9 km² (0.3 mi²) of it is land and none of it is covered by water. As of the census of 2000 , there are 280 people, 124 households, and 73 families residing in the city. The population density is 308.9/km² (796.7/mi²). There are 142 housing units at an average density of 156.6/km² (404.1/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 97.14% White , 0.00% African American , 0.00% Native American , 0.00% Asian , 0.00% Pacific Islander , 0.36% from other races , and 2.50% from two or more races. 1.43% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 124 households out of which 30.6% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.6% are married couples living together, 8.9% have a female householder with no husband present, and 41.1% are non-families. 36.3% of all households are made up of individuals and 23.4% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.26 and the average family size is 3.00. In the city the population is spread out with 26.4% under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 25.4% from 25 to 44, 26.1% from 45 to 64, and 16.4% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 41 years. For every 100 females there are 98.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 89.0 males. The median income for a household in the city is $21,750, and the median income for a family is $32,500. Males have a median income of $19,479 versus $22,500 for females. The per capita income for the city is $11,763. 26.5% of the population and 20.6% of families are below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 39.7% of those under the age of 18 and 31.8% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. ******************* file_id: 122476 30.6% have child. file_id: 122476 47.6% be couple. file_id: 122476 couple live . file_id: 122476 male have income. ******************* Parkdale is a village located in Jefferson County, Missouri . As of the 2000 census, the village had a total population of 205. Parkdale is located at 38°29'0" North, 90°31'45" West (38.483337, -90.529059) . According to the United States Census Bureau , the village has a total area of 0.3 km² (0.1 mi² ). 0.3 km² (0.1 mi²) of it is land and none of it is covered by water. As of the census of 2000 , there are 205 people, 70 households, and 59 families residing in the village. The population density is 608.9/km² (1,616.4/mi²). There are 71 housing units at an average density of 210.9/km² (559.8/mi²). The racial makeup of the village is 97.56% White , 0.00% African American , 0.00% Native American , 0.49% Asian , 0.00% Pacific Islander , 0.98% from other races , and 0.98% from two or more races. 1.46% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 70 households out of which 28.6% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.0% are married couples living together, 11.4% have a female householder with no husband present, and 14.3% are non-families. 12.9% of all households are made up of individuals and 4.3% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.93 and the average family size is 3.13. In the village the population is spread out with 21.5% under the age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 24, 27.8% from 25 to 44, 28.3% from 45 to 64, and 13.7% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 41 years. For every 100 females there are 109.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 106.4 males. The median income for a household in the village is $52,000, and the median income for a family is $56,875. Males have a median income of $41,000 versus $23,594 for females. The per capita income for the village is $17,783. 3.7% of the population and 3.2% of families are below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 0.0% of those under the age of 18 and 11.1% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. ******************* file_id: 122812 70.0% be couple. file_id: 122812 couple live . file_id: 122812 male have income. ******************* Boulder is a town located in Jefferson County, Montana . As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 1,300. It is the county seat of Jefferson County . Boulder is located at 46°14'11" North, 112°7'19" West (46.236300, -112.121823) . According to the United States Census Bureau , the town has a total area of 3.0 km² (1.1 mi² ). 3.0 km² (1.1 mi²) of it is land and none of it is covered by water. As of the census of 2000 , there are 1,300 people, 508 households, and 316 families residing in the town. The population density is 440.3/km² (1,142.7/mi²). There are 568 housing units at an average density of 192.4/km² (499.3/mi²). The racial makeup of the town is 94.23% White , 0.23% African American , 2.31% Native American , 0.69% Asian , 0.08% Pacific Islander , 0.31% from other races , and 2.15% from two or more races. 1.15% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 508 households out of which 32.7% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.6% are married couples living together, 10.4% have a female householder with no husband present, and 37.6% are non-families. 34.8% of all households are made up of individuals and 12.8% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.34 and the average family size is 3.04. In the town the population is spread out with 25.7% under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 30.8% from 25 to 44, 25.7% from 45 to 64, and 10.5% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 38 years. For every 100 females there are 103.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 102.5 males. The median income for a household in the town is $29,276, and the median income for a family is $37,411. Males have a median income of $26,985 versus $22,500 for females. The per capita income for the town is $14,657. 15.6% of the population and 10.7% of families are below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 19.7% of those under the age of 18 and 13.3% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. ******************* file_id: 123446 32.7% have child. file_id: 123446 48.6% be couple. file_id: 123446 couple live . file_id: 123446 male have income. ******************* Talvin Singh(born in 1970 in Leytonstone, London, England) is a British DJ and tabla player, known for creating an innovative fusion of classical hindustani music and drum n bass. Talvin Singh is generally considered involved with an Electronica sub genre called Asian Underground. Singh grew up in Leytonstone and began playing the tabla, breakdancing and listening to punk rock as a child. At the age of 15, Singh went to India where he studied Tabla under Pandit Lashman Singh, but he returned the the UK after just one year. In spite of this classical training, Singh's tabla playing was not accepted by British promoters of classical Indian music, as he incorporated too strongly his western influences. by the late 1980s, Singh had decided to turn towards the fusion of sounds, and soon he began working as a musician with such artists as the Indigo Girls, David Sylvian, Siouxsie & the Banshees, Sun Ra, Björk and the Future Sound of London. In late 1995, Singh founded the club night: Anokha, at East London's Blue Note, where drum'n'bass DJs and South Asian punk bands went head to head with the amped-up sounds of his tabla and percussion. Guest spots by LTJ Bukem and others made Anokha a Monday-night hotspot in London, and Singh signed to Island for an Anokha compilation including several of his own productions. He worked as a remixer until releasing his solo debut, OK, in 1998. The album won him the Mercury Music Prize for 1999. ******************* file_id: 1234650 tabla_playing not_accept_PASS promoter. file_id: 1234650 punk_bands go head. file_id: 1234650 Guest_spots make Anokha. ******************* In mathematics, the Lickorish–Wallace theorem in the theory of 3-manifolds states that any closed, orientable, connected 3-manifold may be obtained by performing Dehn surgery on a framed link in the 3-sphere with +/-1 surgery coefficients. Furthermore, each component of the link can be assumed to be unknotted. The theorem was proved in the early 1960s by W. B. R. Lickorish and Andrew H. Wallace, independently and by different methods. Lickorish's proof rested on the Lickorish twist theorem, which states that any orientable automorphism of a closed orientable surface is generated by Dehn twists along 3 g− 1 specific simple closed curves in the surface, where g denotes the genus of the surface. Wallace's proof was more general and involved adding handles to the boundary of a higher dimensional ball. A corollary of the theorem is that every closed, orientable 3-manifold bounds a simply-connected compact 4-manifold. By using his work on automorphisms of non-orientable surfaces, Lickorish also showed that every closed, non-orientable, connected 3-manifold is obtained by Dehn surgery on a link in the non-orientable 2-sphere bundle over the circle. Similar to the orientable case, the surgery can be done in a special way which allows the conclusion that every closed, non-orientable 3-manifold bounds a compact 4-manifold. Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 59 1963 307--317. ******************* file_id: 1240641 surgery be . file_id: 1240641 automorphism generate_PASS twist. file_id: 1240641 simple close curve. ******************* Nebraska City is a city located in Otoe County, Nebraska . As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 7,228. It is the county seat of Otoe County . Nebraska City is home to the Missouri River Basin Lewis and Clark Center, which focuses on the natural history achievements of the expedition. Nebraska City is located at 40°40'34" North, 95°51'35" West (40.676247, -95.859659) , on the western bank of the Missouri River. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 11.4 km² (4.4 mi² ). 11.4 km² (4.4 mi²) of it is land and none of it is covered by water. As of the census of 2000 , there are 7,228 people, 2,898 households, and 1,872 families residing in the city. The population density is 631.4/km² (1,633.6/mi²). There are 3,154 housing units at an average density of 275.5/km² (712.8/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 96.00% White , 0.37% African American , 0.30% Native American , 0.37% Asian , 0.07% Pacific Islander , 2.01% from other races , and 0.87% from two or more races. 4.40% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 2,898 households out of which 31.0% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.3% are married couples living together, 10.2% have a female householder with no husband present, and 35.4% are non-families. 30.7% of all households are made up of individuals and 16.1% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.40 and the average family size is 3.01. In the city the population is spread out with 25.8% under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 25.4% from 25 to 44, 22.3% from 45 to 64, and 19.0% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 39 years. For every 100 females there are 89.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 85.0 males. The median income for a household in the city is $34,952, and the median income for a family is $42,860. Males have a median income of $29,507 versus $19,859 for females. The per capita income for the city is $16,969. 9.3% of the population and 6.3% of families are below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 12.0% of those under the age of 18 and 7.7% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. This city is known as "The Home of Arbor Day " due to its close propinquity to Arbor Lodge , home of the first Secretary of Agriculture of the United States, J. Sterling Morton , who enthusiastically promoted the planting of trees on the prairie for shade, fruit, and windbreaks. The National Arbor Day Foundation has its headquarters near his home in Nebraska City. Slaves were first bought and sold in the 1850s in Nebraska City. ******************* file_id: 124098 51.3% be couple. file_id: 124098 couple live . file_id: 124098 male have income. ******************* The Reverend Jesse Lee Peterson(born May, 24, 1949 in Midway, Alabama) is the president and founder of The Brotherhood Organization of A New Destiny (BOND), a group dedicated to promoting responsible fatherhood among African Americans. Peterson is a television personality (The Jesse Lee Peterson Show), which is produced and shown by God's Learning Channel, and hosts a nationally syndicated, conservative radio talk show on the Information Radio Network. His organization operates the BOND Home for Boys, which houses young men aged 13-25, and teaches them community values. Peterson is the creator of the annual “National Day of Repudiation of Jesse Jackson” event. Peterson is a member of the advisory board of Project 21, an African American Conservative organization, and a board member of the California Christian Coalition. Peterson has been criticized as to having an obsession to continously attack Jesse Jackson and Al Sharpton in either public or private affairs. Though not as much recognized, his affiliation with Sean Hannity helps BOND popularity and endorsements. ******************* file_id: 1244164 affiliation help BOND_popularity_and_endorsements. ******************* Clayton is the county seat of St. Louis County, Missouri . As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 12,825. The city was organized in 1877 and is named after Ralph Clayton, who donated the land for the courthouse. Clayton is located at 38°38'43" North, 90°19'55" West (38.645318, -90.331844) . According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 6.4 km² (2.5 mi² ). 6.4 km² (2.5 mi²) of it is land and none of it is covered by water. As of the census of 2000 , there are 12,825 people, 5,370 households, and 2,797 families residing in the city. The population density is 1,996.7/km² (5,164.4/mi²). There are 5,852 housing units at an average density of 911.1/km² (2,356.5/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 84.94% White , 7.77% African American , 0.12% Native American , 5.62% Asian , 0.03% Pacific Islander , 0.29% from other races , and 1.22% from two or more races. 1.49% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 5,370 households out of which 25.9% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.4% are married couples living together, 6.7% have a female householder with no husband present, and 47.9% are non-families. 40.4% of all households are made up of individuals and 11.8% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.09 and the average family size is 2.90. In the city the population is spread out with 20.1% under the age of 18, 10.7% from 18 to 24, 32.3% from 25 to 44, 22.6% from 45 to 64, and 14.3% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 37 years. For every 100 females there are 100.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 98.0 males. The median income for a household in the city is $64,184, and the median income for a family is $107,346. Males have a median income of $64,737 versus $42,757 for females. The per capita income for the city is $48,055. 7.7% of the population and 5.0% of families are below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 9.5% of those under the age of 18 and 3.2% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. ******************* file_id: 124840 43.4% be couple. file_id: 124840 couple live . file_id: 124840 male have income. ******************* Tevatron is a circular particle accelerator (or synchrotron) at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Batavia, Illinois . The Tevatron accelerates proton s and antiproton s in a 6.3 km ring to energies of up to 1 TeV . The Tevatron was completed in 1983 at a cost of $120 million and has been regularly upgraded since then. The Main Injector was the most substantial addition, built over five years from 1994 at a cost of $290 million. The acceleration occurs in a number of stages. The first stage is the 750 keV Cockcroft-Walton pre-accelerator, which ionize s hydrogen gas and accelerates the negative ions created using a positive voltage . The ions then pass into the 150 meter long linear accelerator (linac) which uses oscillating electrical fields to accelerate the ions to 400 MeV . The ions then pass through a carbon foil, to remove the electron s, and the charged proton s then move into the Booster . The Booster is a small circular magnetic accelerator, around which the protons pass up to 20,000 times to attain an energy of around 8 GeV . From the Booster the particles pass into the Main Injector , which was completed in 1999 to perform a number of tasks. It can accelerate protons up to 150 GeV; it can produce 120 GeV protons for antiproton creation; it can increase antiproton energy to 120 GeV and it can inject protons or antiprotons into the Tevatron. The antiprotons are created by the Antiproton Source . 120 GeV protons are collided with a nickel target producing a range of particles including antiprotons which can be collected and stored in the accumulator ring. The ring can then pass the antiprotons to the Main Injector. The Tevatron can accelerate the particles from the Main Injector up to 980 GeV, within 320 km/h of the speed of light. The protons and antiprotons are accelerated in opposite directions, crossing paths in the CDF and D0 (zero) detectors to collide at 1.96 TeV. To hold the particles on track the Tevatron uses superconducting dipole magnet s cooled in liquid helium producing 4.2 tesla s. On 27 September 1993 the cryogenic cooling system of the Tevatron Accelerator was named an International Historic Landmark by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers . When built in 1978 the system, which provides cryogenic liquid helium to the Tevatron's superconducting magnets, was the largest low-temperature system in existence. It maintains the coils of the magnets, which bend and focus the particle beam, in a superconducting state with a power consumption of 1/3 what it would be at normal temperatures. In 1995 , both CDF and D0 experiments announced the discovery of the top quark . ******************* file_id: 125024 antiproton s km_ring. file_id: 125024 acceleration occur number. file_id: 125024 field accelerate ion. file_id: 125024 protons_and_antiprotons accelerate_PASS direction. file_id: 125024 detector collide tev. ******************* A mangled or invalid packet is a packet of computer network data, based on ethernet and TCP/IP. Instead of having its sound order or content, the packet is mangled or mis-ordered to confuse computers, firewalls, routers or any service present on the network or Internet. Notable software tools such as nmap or Nessus can generate these types of mis-ordered / mangled packets to confuse and even shut down these devices. This is commonly associated with a type of network attack called DOS, denial-of-service. A Black hacker (malicious) can flood inadequate network with these types of network packets and confuse routers and computers. A White hacker is a good hacker who rescues you. Sometimes, a mangled packet is used to open the network ajar and to see what other services are available when operators need to restart disabled devices. ******************* file_id: 1256762 software_tools generate type. file_id: 1256762 operator need . file_id: 1256762 operator restart device. ******************* Cayuga is a village located in Cayuga County, New York . As of the 2000 census, the village had a total population of 509. The village derives its name from the Cayuga tribe . The Village of Cayuga is in the Town of Aurelius . Cayuga is located at 42°55'7" North, 76°43'37" West (42.918509, -76.727079) . According to the United States Census Bureau , the village has a total area of 3.5 km² (1.4 mi² ). 2.4 km² (0.9 mi²) of it is land and 1.1 km² (0.4 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 31.85% water. As of the census of 2000 , there are 509 people, 203 households, and 137 families residing in the village. The population density is 213.6/km² (554.4/mi²). There are 240 housing units at an average density of 100.7/km² (261.4/mi²). The racial makeup of the village is 99.02% White , 0.39% African American , 0.39% Native American , 0.00% Asian , 0.00% Pacific Islander , 0.00% from other races , and 0.20% from two or more races. 0.39% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 203 households out of which 35.5% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.7% are married couples living together, 8.4% have a female householder with no husband present, and 32.5% are non-families. 29.6% of all households are made up of individuals and 14.8% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.51 and the average family size is 3.17. In the village the population is spread out with 28.1% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 25.7% from 25 to 44, 23.2% from 45 to 64, and 16.5% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 39 years. For every 100 females there are 92.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 85.8 males. The median income for a household in the village is $37,679, and the median income for a family is $50,156. Males have a median income of $30,769 versus $21,667 for females. The per capita income for the village is $17,894. 3.1% of the population and 1.5% of families are below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 3.1% of those under the age of 18 and 0.0% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. ******************* file_id: 126186 35.5% have child. file_id: 126186 56.7% be couple. file_id: 126186 couple live . file_id: 126186 male have income. ******************* With frozen shoulder– as the name implies – movement of the shoulder is severely restricted. This condition, medically referred to as adhesive capsulitis, is frequently caused by injury that leads to lack of use due to pain. Rheumatic disease progression and recent shoulder surgery can also cause frozen shoulder. Intermittent periods of use may cause inflammation. Adhesions (abnormal bands of tissue) grow between the joint surfaces, restricting motion. There is also a lack of synovial fluid, which normally lubricates the gap between the arm bone and socket to help the shoulder joint move. It is this restricted space between the capsule and ball of the humerus that distinguishes adhesive capsulitis from a less complicated painful, stiff shoulder. People with diabetes, stroke, lung disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and heart disease, or who have been in an accident, are at a higher risk for frozen shoulder. The condition rarely appears in people under 40 years old. To prevent the problem, a common recommendation is to keep the shoulder joint fully moving to prevent a frozen shoulder. Often a shoulder will hurt when it begins to freeze. Because pain discourages movement, further development of adhesions that restrict movement will occur unless the joint continues to move full range in all directions. Physical Therapy will help one continue movement to discourage freezing. A medical doctor referral is needed before physical therapy can begin under law in many places. With a frozen shoulder, one sign is that the joint becomes so tight and stiff that it is nearly impossible to carry out simple movements, such as raising the arm. People complain that the stiffness and discomfort worsen at night. A doctor, or physical therapist, may suspect the patient has a frozen shoulder if a physical examination reveals limited shoulder movement. Frozen shoulder can also be diagnosed if limits to the active range of motion (range of motion from active use of muscles) are the same or almost the same as the limits to the passive range of motion (range of motion from a person manipulating the arm and shoulder). An arthrogram may confirm the diagnosis. Management of this disorder focuses on restoring joint movement and reducing shoulder pain. Usually, it begins with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and the application of heat, followed by gentle stretching exercises. These stretching exercises, which may be performed in the home with the help of a physical therapist, are the treatment of choice. In some cases, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS) with a small battery-operated unit may be used to reduce pain by blocking nerve impulse s. If these measures are unsuccessful, the doctor may recommend manipulation of the shoulder under general anesthesia to break up the adhesions. Surgery to cut the adhesions is only necessary in some cases. ******************* file_id: 1263292 Intermittent_periods cause inflammation. file_id: 1263292 adhesion grow surface. file_id: 1263292 people complain . file_id: 1263292 exercise be . ******************* Glycolysis is a series of biochemical reactions by which a molecule of glucose (Glc) is oxidized to two molecules of pyruvic acid (Pyr) with the concomitant: 1. Net reduction of two molecules of NAD + to two molecules of NADH ; 2. Net phosphorylation of two molecules of ADP to two molecules of ATP ; 3. Net release of two molecules of water and two proton s (H + ). The word glycolysis is from Greek glyk meaning sweet and lysis meaning dissolving. It is the initial process of many pathways of carbohydrate catabolism , and serves two principal functions: generation of high-energy ATP molecules, and production of a variety of six- or three-carbon intermediate metabolites which may be removed at various steps in the process for other intracellular purposes (such as nucleotide biosynthesis). Glycolysis is one of the most universal metabolic processes known, and occurs (with many variations) in many types of cell s in nearly all types of organisms. Glycolysis alone produces less energy per glucose molecule than complete aerobic oxidation and so flux through the pathway is greater in anaerobic conditions (i.e. in the absense of oxygen ). The most common and well-known type of glycolysis is the Embden-Meyerhof pathway , initially elucidated by Gustav Embden and Otto Meyerhof . The term can be taken to include alternative pathways, such as the Entner-Doudoroff Pathway . However, glycolysis will be used here as a synonym for the Embden-Meyerhof pathway . The overall reaction of glycolysis is: So, for simple fermentation s, the metabolism of 1 molecule of glucose has a net yield of 2 molecules of ATP. Cells performing respiration synthesize much more ATP but this is not considered part of glycolysis proper, although these aerobic reactions do use the product of glycolysis. Eukaryotic aerobic respiration produces an additional 34 molecules (approximately) of ATP for each glucose molecule oxidized. Unlike most of the molecules of ATP produced via aerobic respiration, those of glycolysis are produced by substrate-level phosphorylation . In eukaryote s glycolysis takes place within the cytosol of the cell. Some of the glycolytic reactions are conserved in the Calvin cycle that functions inside the chloroplast . This is consistent with the fact that glycolysis is highly conserved in evolution, being common to nearly all living organisms. This suggests great antiquity; it may have originated with the very first prokaryote s, 3.5 billion years ago or more. The individual steps of the conversion of glucose into pyruvate are (in brief): The first step in glycolysis is phosphorylation of Glc by a family of enzymes called HK s to form G6P . In the liver an isozyme of hexokinase called GCK is used, which differs primarily in regulatory properties. This reaction consumes 1 ATP, but the energy is well spent. The cell membrane is permeable to Glc for two reasons - Glc transporters move Glc across the membrane, and neutrally charged Glc is able to passively diffuse through. G6P is negatively charged and this is repelled by the plasma membrane, so this phosphorylation effectively traps Glc in the cell. G6P is then rearranged into F6P by GPI . Fru can also enter the glycolytic pathway via phosphorylation at this point. Phosphofructokinase -1 then consumes 1 ATP to form F1,6bP . The energy expenditure in this step is justified in 2 ways: the glycolytic process (up to this step) is now irreversible, and the energy supplied destablises the molecule, allowing the ring to be split by ALDO into DHAP and GADP . TPI rapidly interconverts these, with GADP proceeding further into glycolysis. Each molecule of GADP is then oxidized by a molecule of NAD + in the presence of GAP , forming 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate . In the next step, PGK generates a molecule of ATP while forming 3-phosphoglycerate . At this step glycolysis has reached the break-even point: 2 molecules of ATP were consumed, and 2 new molecules have been synthesized. This step, one of the two substrate-level phosphorylation steps, requires ADP; thus, when the cell has plenty of ATP (and little ADP) this reaction does not occur. Because ATP decays relatively quickly when it is not metabolized, this is an important regulatory point in the glycolytic pathway. PGAM then forms 2-phosphoglycerate ; ENO then forms phosphoenolpyruvate ; and another substrate-level phosphorylation then forms a molecule of Pyr and a molecule of ATP by means of the enzyme PK . This serves as an additional regulatory step. After the formation of F1,6bP, many of the reactions are energetically unfavorable. The only reactions that are favorable are the 2 substrate-level phosphorylation steps that result in the formation of ATP. These two reactions pull the glycolytic pathway to completion. During anaerobic conditions glycolysis is the cellular mechanism to obtain ATP , by fermentation . However, in mammalian cells glycolysis is coupled with aerobic respiration. In the presence of oxygen, mitochondria take up pyruvate , the end-product of glycolysis, and further oxidize it into CO 2 and water. Consequently the flux through the glycolytic pathway is lower during aerobic conditions since the full oxidation of one molecule of pyruvate (equivalent to one-half molecule of glucose) can lead to 18 times more ATP. Malignant rapidly-growing tumor cells, however, have glycolytic rates which are up to 200 times higher than their normal tissues of origin despite the ample availability of oxygen. A classical view to explain the high gylcolytic rate in these cells is that it is probably due to the local depletion of oxygen within the tumor. Nevertheless, there is also strong experimental evidence that attributes these high aerobic glycolytic rates to an overexpressed form of mitochondrially-bound hexokinase responsible for driving the high glycolytic activity when oxygen is not necessarily depleted.This phenomenon was first described in 1930 by Otto Warburg and hence it is referred to as the Warburg Effect. This has a current important medical application as aerobic glycolysis by malignant tumors is utilized clinically to diagnose and monitor treatment responses of cancers by imaging uptake of 2- 18 F-2-deoxyglucose (a radioactive modified hexokinase substrate ) with positron emission tomography (PET) , . The ultimate fate of pyruvate and NADH produced in glycolysis depends upon the organism and the conditions, most notably the presence or absence of oxygen and other external electron acceptors. In aerobic organism s, pyruvate typically enters the mitochondria where it is fully oxidized to carbon dioxide and water by pyruvate decarboylase and the set of enzymes of the citric acid cycle (also known as the TCA or Krebs cycle). The products of pyruvate are sequentially dehydrogenated as they pass through the cycle conserving the hydrogen equivalents via the reduction of NAD + to NADH . NADH is ultimately oxidized by an electron transport chain using oxygen as final electron acceptor to produce a large amount of ATP via the action of the ATP synthase complex, a process known as oxidative phosphorylation . A small amount of ATP is also produced by substrate-level phosphorylation during the TCA cycle. Although human metabolism is primarily aerobic, under hypoxic (or partially anaerobic) conditions, for example in overworked muscles that are starved of oxygen or in infarcted heart muscle cells, pyruvate is converted to the waste product lactate . This and similar reactions are known as fermentation and they are a solution to maintain the metabolic flux through glycolysis in response to an anaerobic or severely hypoxic environment. Although fermentation does not produce much energy, it is critical for an anaerobic or hypoxic cell since it regenerates NAD + that is required for glycolysis to proceed. This is important for normal cellular function as glycolysis is the only source of ATP in anaerobic or severely hypoxic conditions. There are several types of fermentation where pyruvate and NADH are anaerobically metabolized to yield any of a variety of products with an organic molecule acting as the final hydrogen acceptor. For example, the bacteria involved in making yogurt simply reduce pyruvate to lactic acid , whereas yeast produces ethanol and carbon dioxide . Anaerobic bacteria are capable of using a wide variety of compounds, other than oxygen, as terminal electron acceptors in respiration: nitrogenous compounds (such as nitrates and nitrites), sulphur compounds (such as sulphates, sulphites, sulphur dioxide, and elemental sulphur), carbon dioxide, iron compounds, manganese compounds, cobalt compounds, and uranium compounds. ******************* file_id: 12644 generation remove_PASS step. file_id: 12644 Glc_transporters move Glc. file_id: 12644 flux be condition. file_id: 12644 rate be time. file_id: 12644 condition starve_PASS oxygen. file_id: 12644 Anaerobic_bacteria be . ******************* Maldives has a policy of encouraging foreign financial investment. The law on foreign investments (Law 25/79) guarantees the security of investments, and accord fair and equitable treatment under law, for the investors. The country’s foreign investments policy allows 100% foreign owned enterprises and joint venture companies. The shares and profits thus earned can be freely transferred abroad without undue formalities. Moreover, the country’s history of political stability resulting out of the homogenous nature of society, and the absence of ethnic and communal unrest that can disrupt the economy, makes Maldives an ideal choice for trade and investment. Foreign investment is encouraged in a number of key economic areas such as tourism, transport, fisheries, financial, infrastructure development and other services sectors. The Foreign Investments Service Bureau was established in 1987, under the ministry of trade and industries, to administer and facilitate foreign investments. It provides the institutional framework necessary for the effective management of foreign investments. Maldives Monetary Authority that was established in 1981, was the nation's first central bank. List of other banks: The Maldives Transport and Contracting Company (MTCC), was incorporated in the Maldives in 1980. Its corporate structure is 60% government and 40% public subscription. The company’s authorized capital was 12.5 million rufiyaa of 250,000 shares, at 50 Rufiyaa per share. The Company opened its doors to business in January 1981. MTCC’s main areas of business are marine transportation, construction, machinery and spare parts, real estate and other contracting activities. External trade has always been an important component of the Maldivian economy. Being a seafaring nation, the Maldives has for centuries, carried out overseas trade with other countries in the region. The ancient trade in cowry shells was a monopoly of the Maldives, where the money shells were cultivated for export. Traditional exports consisted of copra, smoked and dried fish (Maldive fish), tortoise shells, and ambergris and coir rope. Woven garments, mats and embroidery items were also exported in the past. However, in time, fish became the dominant export commodity of the Maldives. Today, export destinations include South East Asia, Europe and the United States. Domestic exports consist mainly of garments and fish or fish related products such as frozen and caned tuna, tropical aquarium fish. Dried and salted fish are still exported, in small quantities Re exports consist of jet fuel and duty free imports sold to tourists. Following the relaxing of export controls in 1990, there has been a significant growth in exports from the private sector. The government’s policy is aimed towards relaxing any remaining controls on exports. There is no export duty in the Maldives. ******************* file_id: 1267156 treatment s investments_policy. file_id: 1267156 investment encourage_PASS number. file_id: 1267156 MTCC_’ s area. file_id: 1267156 Traditional_exports consist copra. file_id: 1267156 export_destinations include South_East_Asia. file_id: 1267156 export consist garments_and_fish_or_fish. file_id: 1267156 import sell tourist. file_id: 1267156 policy aim_PASS export_controls. ******************* Minisink is a town located in southwest Orange County, New York northeast of the New Jersey border between the Town of Greenville and the Town of Warwick . As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 3,585. Historically, the name Minisink, which dates to the mid 17th century , has applied to a much larger area than the current town, running as far north as Minisink Ford , twenty miles northwest of present day Minisink, south to the Delaware Water Gap , thirty miles southwest of present day Minisink, and from the Kittatinny Ridge to the east to the Poconos to the west (See ). The Minisink Patent, granted in 1704, was a somewhat smaller area, but still far larger than the present town, which was given its present boundaries in 1800 . Adding to the confusion is the fact that the New York - New Jersey border was previously seven or eight miles north of its present location: Minisink used to be in New Jersey. The south town line is the border of New Jersey ( Sussex County ). According to the United States Census Bureau , the town has a total area of 60.0 km² (23.2 mi² ). 59.8 km² (23.1 mi²) of it is land and 0.2 km² (0.1 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 0.39% water. As of the census 2 of 2000 , there are 3,585 people, 1,182 households, and 945 families residing in the town. The population density is 59.9/km² (155.2/mi²). There are 1,245 housing units at an average density of 20.8/km² (53.9/mi²). The racial makeup of the town is 95.96% White , 1.42% African American , 0.03% Native American , 0.59% Asian , 0.06% Pacific Islander , 1.03% from other races , and 0.92% from two or more races. 4.60% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 1,182 households out of which 44.8% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.3% are married couples living together, 7.6% have a female householder with no husband present, and 20.0% are non-families. 15.9% of all households are made up of individuals and 6.2% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 3.02 and the average family size is 3.39. In the town the population is spread out with 29.8% under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 31.3% from 25 to 44, 24.3% from 45 to 64, and 8.3% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 36 years. For every 100 females there are 97.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 95.2 males. The median income for a household in the town is $55,561, and the median income for a family is $58,906. Males have a median income of $36,912 versus $28,750 for females. The per capita income for the town is $20,967. 5.8% of the population and 4.5% of families are below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 6.8% of those under the age of 18 and 3.7% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. ******************* file_id: 126947 44.8% have child. file_id: 126947 69.3% be couple. file_id: 126947 couple live . file_id: 126947 male have income. ******************* Northeast Ithaca is a census-designated place located in Tompkins County, New York . As of the 2000 census, the CDP had a total population of 2,655. Northeast Ithaca is located at 42°28'12" North, 76°27'51" West (42.469927, -76.464236) . According to the United States Census Bureau , the CDP has a total area of 3.8 km² (1.5 mi² ). 3.8 km² (1.5 mi²) of it is land and none of the area is covered with water. As of the census of 2000 , there are 2,655 people, 1,058 households, and 692 families residing in the CDP. The population density is 707.0/km² (1,825.2/mi²). There are 1,096 housing units at an average density of 291.8/km² (753.5/mi²). The racial makeup of the CDP is 74.65% White , 6.03% African American , 0.08% Native American , 15.63% Asian , 0.00% Pacific Islander , 1.39% from other races , and 2.22% from two or more races. 3.99% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 1,058 households out of which 36.2% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.0% are married couples living together, 7.6% have a female householder with no husband present, and 34.5% are non-families. 24.7% of all households are made up of individuals and 6.3% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.50 and the average family size is 3.02. In the CDP the population is spread out with 26.7% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 35.1% from 25 to 44, 21.2% from 45 to 64, and 9.0% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 33 years. For every 100 females there are 92.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 89.4 males. The median income for a household in the CDP is $50,855, and the median income for a family is $65,833. Males have a median income of $51,250 versus $30,474 for females. The per capita income for the CDP is $24,239. 12.1% of the population and 7.3% of families are below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 10.0% of those under the age of 18 and 3.8% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. ******************* file_id: 127444 36.2% have child. file_id: 127444 56.0% be couple. file_id: 127444 couple live . file_id: 127444 male have income. ******************* Macclesfield is a town located in Edgecombe County, North Carolina . As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 458. Macclesfield is located at 35°45'6" North, 77°40'18" West (35.751637, -77.671674) . According to the United States Census Bureau , the town has a total area of 1.3 km² (0.5 mi² ). 1.3 km² (0.5 mi²) of it is land and 1.96% is water. As of the census of 2000 , there are 458 people, 209 households, and 142 families residing in the town. The population density is 346.7/km² (903.9/mi²). There are 229 housing units at an average density of 173.4/km² (451.9/mi²). The racial makeup of the town is 81.44% White , 17.69% African American , 0.00% Native American , 0.00% Asian , 0.00% Pacific Islander , 0.87% from other races , and 0.00% from two or more races. 1.97% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 209 households out of which 22.0% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.3% are married couples living together, 14.8% have a female householder with no husband present, and 31.6% are non-families. 31.1% of all households are made up of individuals and 17.7% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.19 and the average family size is 2.69. In the town the population is spread out with 18.8% under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 24.7% from 25 to 44, 27.7% from 45 to 64, and 22.5% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 45 years. For every 100 females there are 89.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 85.1 males. The median income for a household in the town is $34,412, and the median income for a family is $36,806. Males have a median income of $27,750 versus $22,188 for females. The per capita income for the town is $17,042. 7.9% of the population and 5.9% of families are below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 5.6% of those under the age of 18 and 17.4% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. ******************* file_id: 127881 49.3% be couple. file_id: 127881 couple live . file_id: 127881 male have income. ******************* PS-Audio is an American company specializing in the creation of Hi-Fi audio components, also known as high end audio equipment for audiophiles. The company has switched owners during the 1990s, and is currently focusing on the production of hi-end power amplifiers, power related products, preamplifiers and cables. Founded in 1974, PS Audio was started by audio designers Paul McGowan (the P) and Stan Warren (the S). Stan Warren left the company in the early 1980's to form Superphon (still recognized as having created some good sounding but affordable audio equipment), and his place as audio designer and co-owner was taken over by Dr. Bob Odell, an audio designer himself, having created some of the notable Harmon Kardon designs (back when they made higher quality equipment). McGowan left the company in 1990 to join Arnie Nudell of Infinity systems in building High End loudspeakers with Genesis Technologies. In early 1998, PS Audio Inc. ceased operations due to financial problems. Shortly thereafter, Paul McGowan bought back the name 'PS Audio', and has been the principal designer for new products. In January of 1999, Paul left Genesis Technologies to devote full time to PS Audio. In the first quarter of 2000, the new PS Audio International grew at such a rapid rate that Peter Rudy was added as President of the corporation. One unique characteristic of PS Audio is that Paul McGowan or another employee will usually answer any question posed from anyone about a current or past PS Audio product. One simply needs to post a question on the PS audio discussion forum(external link) or the Audio Asylum PS audio discussion board(external link). This customer based focus has endeared many to PS audio. PS Audio manufactured amplifiers, preamplifiers, digital to analog converters and CD turntables. Amplifiers included the 250 Delta monoblock and the 100 Delta amplifier. PS Audio's modern incarnation first focused on power products, then various high end cables, and finally to amplifiers, preamplifiers and integrated amplifiers. The P-300 power "regenerator" was the first modern product from PS audio. It was designed to produce up to 300 watts of clean power to connected audio equipment. The P-300 had a digital sine wave stored in memory, which it passed through a digital to analog converter and then amplified to 117V (adjustable) at a frequency of 60 Hz (adjustable). Thus, connected equipment was provided with a precise 117V, 60Hz power signal (in the USA, other countries had units for their specific voltage and frequency) lacking noise from the utility company. The P-300 provided, in theory, perfect noise fee power of the same specifications that the power company should be providing. Various additional "waves" known as "multiwave" were also provided. The P-300 is a historically important product in high end audio as it helped redefine and popularize the Power Conditioner product category and spawned imitation. This even though companies such as Accuphase had already introduced the concept of power regeneration (though not additional waves, i.e., "multiwave" which PS audio claimed provided additional benefits). More powerful models of the P-300 were introduced. The P-500 and P-1000 provided up to 500 and 1000 watts of "clean" power to connected equipment. For high end cables, PS audio offered the "Lab" cable line which was replaced by the "Lab II" line, which was replaced by the "XStream" cable line. PS audio offered the PCA II preamplifier. This was discontinued and replaced with the GCP-200 preamplifier. Each had an optional phono stage and external power supply option. For amplifiers, PS audio offered the HCA-2 "digital" amplifier. This was a switching amplifier (many would call this a Class D Amplifier) that provied about 150 watts per channel. A more conventional amplifier, the Classic 250, provided 250 Watts per channel. These amplifiers were discontinued and the follow-on amplifiers were all "digital" type amplifiers from the GCA line, which had flexibility in the number of channels or number of watts per channel desired. ******************* file_id: 1280640 company specialize creation. file_id: 1280640 company switch_PASS owner. file_id: 1280640 power relate_PASS products_,_preamplifiers_and_cables. file_id: 1280640 audio start_PASS designer. file_id: 1280640 amplifier include Delta_monoblock. file_id: 1280640 unit lack noise. ******************* Apex is a town located in Wake County, North Carolina , a suburb of Raleigh . As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 20,212. Apex is located at 35°43'55" North, 78°51'10" West (35.731952, -78.852878) . According to the United States Census Bureau , the town has a total area of 27.5 km² (10.6 mi² ). 27.3 km² (10.5 mi²) of it is land and 0.2 km² (0.1 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 0.57% water. Neighboring towns include Cary to the north and northeast, Raleigh to the east, and Holly Springs to the south. The town of Apex was incorporated in 1873, named for its location as the highest point on the Chatham Rail Line between the state capitol of Raleigh and the coal fields of nearby Chatham County . Apex grew slowly through the succeeding decades, despite several devastating fires, including a 1912 conflagration which destroyed most of the downtown business district. The town center was rebuilt and stands to this day, now one of the most intact railroad towns in the state. At the heart of town stands the Apex Union Depot, originally passenger station for the Seaboard Air Line Railroad and later home to the locally-supported Apex Community Library . Apex suffered mild setbacks during the Depression-era, but growth began again in earnest in the 1950's. The town's position in proximity to North Carolina's Research Triangle Park spurred additional residential development; yet the town managed to preserve its small-town character, residents taking pride that they had stayed off the burgeoning growth of the neighboring town of Cary . Still, during the decade of the 1990's, the town's population quadrupled to over 20,000, placing unprecedented demands upon Apex's infrastructure. Keith Weatherly is the current mayor of Apex, re-elected in November 2003 to his third consecutive term in office. As of the census of 2000 , there are 20,212 people, 7,397 households, and 5,584 families residing in the town. The population density is 740.4/km² (1,918.2/mi²). There are 8,028 housing units at an average density of 294.1/km² (761.9/mi²). The racial makeup of the town is 85.06% White , 7.55% African American , 0.29% Native American , 4.27% Asian , 0.06% Pacific Islander , 1.11% from other races , and 1.67% from two or more races. 3.21% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 7,397 households out of which 46.1% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.2% are married couples living together, 7.2% have a female householder with no husband present, and 24.5% are non-families. 18.5% of all households are made up of individuals and 2.6% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.73 and the average family size is 3.16. In the town the population is spread out with 30.8% under the age of 18, 5.4% from 18 to 24, 44.8% from 25 to 44, 15.0% from 45 to 64, and 4.0% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 31 years. For every 100 females there are 97.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 94.0 males. The median income for a household in the town is $71,052, and the median income for a family is $78,689. Males have a median income of $55,587 versus $37,057 for females. The per capita income for the town is $28,727. 1.9% of the population and 1.2% of families are below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 1.2% of those under the age of 18 and 7.8% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. ******************* file_id: 128297 Neighboring_towns include Cary. file_id: 128297 apex suffer setback. file_id: 128297 46.1% have child. file_id: 128297 66.2% be couple. file_id: 128297 couple live . file_id: 128297 male have income. ******************* Naked II is a live acoustic album by Dutch hard rock band Golden Earring, released in 1997(see 1997 in music). all songs written by Barry Hay and George Kooymans, except where noted ******************* file_id: 1284702 all_songs write_PASS and_George_Kooymans. ******************* Immersive Reality Gaming is defined as gaming where you receive you are TRULY part of the game. You may influence the story or push the story a certain direction with your actions. The games are mostly played online but they may include phone calls, faxes, emails, instant-messaging, text messaging, or even real world encounters. A few years back an Alternate Reality Game was created called The Beast . Though the game gave the player the illusion of immersion it never handed the player the controls. In 2004 AWARE was created by Real World Gaming. This game had all the elements of an ARG but gave the players involved more control of their environment. Since then more Immersive Reality Games have started. To include Project: Gateway and Wildfire Industries. Sites that handle Immersive Reality Gaming ******************* file_id: 1286040 part include phone_calls. file_id: 1286040 site handle reality. ******************* Bay Village is a city located in Cuyahoga County, Ohio . As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 16,087. Bay Village is located at 41°29'3" North, 81°55'36" West (41.484193, -81.926581) . According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 18.4 km² (7.1 mi² ). 12.0 km² (4.6 mi²) of it is land and 6.3 km² (2.5 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 34.56% water. As of the census of 2000 , there are 16,087 people, 6,239 households, and 4,685 families residing in the city. The population density is 1,341.5/km² (3,473.4/mi²). There are 6,401 housing units at an average density of 533.8/km² (1,382.1/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 98.05% White , 0.27% African American , 0.02% Native American , 0.72% Asian , 0.01% Pacific Islander , 0.21% from other races , and 0.72% from two or more races. 0.98% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 6,239 households out of which 34.1% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.8% are married couples living together, 7.1% have a female householder with no husband present, and 24.9% are non-families. 22.1% of all households are made up of individuals and 9.6% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.55 and the average family size is 3.01. In the city the population is spread out with 25.9% under the age of 18, 4.4% from 18 to 24, 26.4% from 25 to 44, 29.0% from 45 to 64, and 14.4% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 41 years. For every 100 females there are 92.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 88.9 males. The median income for a household in the city is $70,397, and the median income for a family is $81,686. Males have a median income of $61,057 versus $36,061 for females. The per capita income for the city is $35,318. 3.1% of the population and 2.0% of families are below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 3.9% of those under the age of 18 and 4.2% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. Patricia Heaton , star and Emmy nominee for ' Everybody Loves Raymond ' was born in Bay Village. Dr. Sam Sheppard , of the famous 1954 murder trial, lived in Bay Village at the time of the crime. Dave Zastudil , of the Baltimore Ravens, grew up in Bay Village and played football for the Bay High School Football Team. Blackburn Rovers goalkeeper and retired US National Team goalkeeper, Brad Friedel , grew up in Bay Village. ******************* file_id: 129069 34.1% have child. file_id: 129069 65.8% be couple. file_id: 129069 couple live . file_id: 129069 male have income. ******************* Malta is a village located in Morgan County, Ohio . As of the 2000 census, the village had a total population of 696. Malta is located at 39°39'2" North, 81°51'52" West (39.650509, -81.864421) . It is on the west side of the Muskingum River , opposite McConnelsville, Ohio . According to the United States Census Bureau , the village has a total area of 0.9 km² (0.3 mi² ). 0.8 km² (0.3 mi²) of it is land and 0.1 km² (0.04 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 8.82% water. As of the census of 2000 , there are 696 people, 283 households, and 198 families residing in the village. The population density is 866.9/km² (2,241.1/mi²). There are 318 housing units at an average density of 396.1/km² (1,023.9/mi²). The racial makeup of the village is 90.80% White , 5.75% African American , 0.00% Native American , 0.29% Asian , 0.00% Pacific Islander , 0.29% from other races , and 2.87% from two or more races. 0.14% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 283 households out of which 34.3% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.8% are married couples living together, 22.6% have a female householder with no husband present, and 30.0% are non-families. 27.2% of all households are made up of individuals and 14.1% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.39 and the average family size is 2.85. In the village the population is spread out with 27.7% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 24.9% from 25 to 44, 23.3% from 45 to 64, and 16.2% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 39 years. For every 100 females there are 84.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 77.7 males. The median income for a household in the village is $23,611, and the median income for a family is $27,083. Males have a median income of $28,125 versus $18,542 for females. The per capita income for the village is $10,703. 25.3% of the population and 23.3% of families are below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 36.9% of those under the age of 18 and 13.3% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. ******************* file_id: 129661 34.3% have child. file_id: 129661 43.8% be couple. file_id: 129661 couple live . file_id: 129661 male have income. ******************* Poteau is a city located in Le Flore County, Oklahoma . As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 7,939. It is the county seat of Le Flore County . It is the site of the largest hill in the United States, Cavanal Hill . Poteau is located at 35°3'31" North, 94°37'48" West (35.058560, -94.630116) . According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 82.0 km² (31.7 mi² ). 74.2 km² (28.6 mi²) of it is land and 7.8 km² (3.0 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 9.54% water. As of the census of 2000 , there are 7,939 people, 3,013 households, and 2,042 families residing in the city. The population density is 107.0/km² (277.2/mi²). There are 3,351 housing units at an average density of 45.2/km² (117.0/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 82.14% White , 2.24% African American , 10.00% Native American , 0.38% Asian , 0.03% Pacific Islander , 1.39% from other races , and 3.83% from two or more races. 5.82% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 3,013 households out of which 31.6% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% are married couples living together, 13.3% have a female householder with no husband present, and 32.2% are non-families. 28.3% of all households are made up of individuals and 14.9% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.48 and the average family size is 3.02. In the city the population is spread out with 24.6% under the age of 18, 12.8% from 18 to 24, 26.4% from 25 to 44, 19.9% from 45 to 64, and 16.3% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 35 years. For every 100 females there are 91.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 88.3 males. The median income for a household in the city is $26,178, and the median income for a family is $31,226. Males have a median income of $24,595 versus $20,625 for females. The per capita income for the city is $15,175. 22.1% of the population and 19.3% of families are below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 31.8% of those under the age of 18 and 13.4% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. ******************* file_id: 130316 50.0% be couple. file_id: 130316 couple live . file_id: 130316 male have income. ******************* Teeline is a shorthand system accepted by the NCTJ, an organisation for journalists in the United Kingdom. It is adaptable to a variety of languages but is mainly only used within the Commonwealth. It was developed in 1970 by James Hill, a teacher of Pitman Shorthand, as a streamlined way to transcribe the spoken word quickly by removing unnecessary letters from words and making the letters themselves faster to write. Vowels are often removed when they are not the first or last letter of a word, and silent letters are also ignored. It differs from many shorthand systems by basing itself on the alphabet as opposed to phonetics, making it more simple to learn but also carrying the speed limitations of the alphabet when compared to other systems. Still, speeds above 140wpm are not uncommon. Teeline is a shorthand system which depends on a combination of 'short term' memory and written outlines that are derived mainly from consonants. Vowels are hardly ever indicated, except at the beginning and end of words. It is a very useful skill in all areas of journalistic practice. It increases the speed and efficiency of your reporting. It widens your career opportunities since shorthand writing reporters are more likely to be given the responsibility of covering sensational and newsworthy trials, enquiries and tribunals. The alphabet is based on outlines which use the minimum of effort in writing strokes, are similar to traditional handwriting and move in a left to right motion. In order to acquire and develop this skill you will need to work and practice at it for between 20 and 30 minutes each day. It has to be a daily practice because bunching it all up into 1 day at the end of a week will not be effective. For more info see http://www.ma-radio.gold.ac.uk/shorthand/teeline1.htm or http://www.geocities.com/coursesite/teeline.htm ******************* file_id: 1303474 outline derive_PASS consonant. file_id: 1303474 alphabet base_PASS outline. ******************* Braggs is a town located in Muskogee County, Oklahoma . As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 301. Braggs is located at 35°39'46" North, 95°11'54" West (35.662735, -95.198241) . According to the United States Census Bureau , the town has a total area of 0.9 km² (0.3 mi² ). 0.9 km² (0.3 mi²) of it is land and none of the area is covered with water. As of the census of 2000 , there are 301 people, 123 households, and 86 families residing in the town. The population density is 352.2/km² (923.8/mi²). There are 137 housing units at an average density of 160.3/km² (420.4/mi²). The racial makeup of the town is 75.42% White , 1.66% African American , 14.95% Native American , 0.00% Asian , 0.33% Pacific Islander , 0.33% from other races , and 7.31% from two or more races. 0.33% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 123 households out of which 32.5% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.5% are married couples living together, 14.6% have a female householder with no husband present, and 29.3% are non-families. 26.8% of all households are made up of individuals and 13.0% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.45 and the average family size is 2.92. In the town the population is spread out with 27.6% under the age of 18, 9.0% from 18 to 24, 27.2% from 25 to 44, 23.6% from 45 to 64, and 12.6% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 37 years. For every 100 females there are 89.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 91.2 males. The median income for a household in the town is $21,750, and the median income for a family is $22,500. Males have a median income of $20,938 versus $20,938 for females. The per capita income for the town is $11,396. 31.7% of the population and 23.5% of families are below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 50.0% of those under the age of 18 and 8.9% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. ******************* file_id: 130410 32.5% have child. file_id: 130410 45.5% be couple. file_id: 130410 couple live . file_id: 130410 male have income. ******************* Milton-Freewater is a city located in Umatilla County, Oregon . The city received its current name in 1951 when the neighboring rival cities of Milton and Freewater voted to merge. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 6,470. Originally called Freeport, when the construction of a mill was proposed about 1868, the community changed its name to Milltown, which became Milton by 1873. Freewater, although named New Walla Walla on its original plat filed in 1889, received its name from the offer of free water extended to new settlers. This town was located to the north of Milton. Milton-Freewater is located at 45°56'11" North, 118°23'27" West (45.936359, -118.390898) . According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 4.9 km² (1.9 mi² ). 4.9 km² (1.9 mi²) of it is land and none of the area is covered with water. As of the census of 2000 , there are 6,470 people, 2,237 households, and 1,534 families residing in the city. The population density is 1,328.8/km² (3,433.9/mi²). There are 2,504 housing units at an average density of 514.3/km² (1,329.0/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 73.54% White , 0.43% African American , 0.71% Native American , 0.45% Asian , 1.17% Pacific Islander , 20.83% from other races , and 2.86% from two or more races. 31.76% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 2,237 households out of which 36.0% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.5% are married couples living together, 12.7% have a female householder with no husband present, and 31.4% are non-families. 25.8% of all households are made up of individuals and 12.7% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.77 and the average family size is 3.31. In the city the population is spread out with 31.2% under the age of 18, 9.4% from 18 to 24, 26.2% from 25 to 44, 18.3% from 45 to 64, and 14.9% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 32 years. For every 100 females there are 92.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 86.6 males. The median income for a household in the city is $28,365, and the median income for a family is $33,265. Males have a median income of $28,292 versus $19,176 for females. The per capita income for the city is $13,101. 15.2% of the population and 13.2% of families are below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 18.8% of those under the age of 18 and 15.2% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. ******************* file_id: 130963 name extend_PASS settler. file_id: 130963 36.0% have child. file_id: 130963 51.5% be couple. file_id: 130963 couple live . file_id: 130963 male have income. ******************* Vergnügungszug('Journey Train' or 'Pleasure Train') op. 281 is a polka composed by Johann Strauss II in 1864. The polka was composed for the Association of Industrial Societies' Ball held in the Redoutensaal on 19 January 1864 and inspired from the opening of the Austrian Southern Railway lines which operated many 'pleasure trains' offering many journeys to the countryside. Strauss himself was not the first composer to write a piece celebrating the technological innovation. Hans Christian Lumbye, the popular Danish composer wrote his 'Copenhagen Steam Railway' galop while much earlier, Johann Strauss I celebrated the opening of the first Austrian steam railway on 14 November 1837 between the Viennese suburbs of Floridsdorf and Deutsch Wagram with his own appropriately-titled waltz'Eisenbahn-Lust Walzer' op. 89 (Railway Joy Waltz). Eduard Strauss also wrote his own famous quick-polka Bahn Frei op. 45 which also celebrates the opening of a new railway line. Johann Strauss II's polka however, stood out with his vividly descriptive polka with triangles imitating train bells whereas horns suggest the train's chuffing. The Trio section does not let up the orchestral delight, with the melody constantly hinting of the train's journey. The polka has to end, like the train's journey and Strauss powered home the conclusion with high chords before a resounding flourish underlined by a strong snare drumroll. It is worth nothing that although many of Strauss' works commemorate travel and other forms of transportation, neither he nor his brother eagerly undertook extensive journeys. An anecdote states that Johann himself was terrified at the mere mention of the hanging precipices at the Semmering and later during a railroad trip to Boston in the 1870s for a concert tour in the United States, his wife, Henrietta Treffz noted that Strauss confessed that he would rather be killed than to take another trip via the American railroad. Many stories suggest that Strauss was terrified of train journeys and that he could be found huddled on the train floor although these are not substantiated. ******************* file_id: 1312964 strauss terrify_PASS train_journeys. ******************* Burnside Township is a township located in Centre County, Pennsylvania . As of the 2000 census, the township had a total population of 410. According to the United States Census Bureau , the township has a total area of 223.1 km² (86.1 mi² ). 220.7 km² (85.2 mi²) of it is land and 2.3 km² (0.9 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 1.04% water. As of the census 2 of 2000 , there are 410 people, 157 households, and 114 families residing in the township. The population density is 1.9/km² (4.8/mi²). There are 325 housing units at an average density of 1.5/km² (3.8/mi²). The racial makeup of the township is 99.27% White , 0.00% African American , 0.00% Native American , 0.24% Asian , 0.00% Pacific Islander , 0.00% from other races , and 0.49% from two or more races. 0.00% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 157 households out of which 26.8% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.1% are married couples living together, 6.4% have a female householder with no husband present, and 26.8% are non-families. 21.0% of all households are made up of individuals and 11.5% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.61 and the average family size is 3.07. In the township the population is spread out with 22.4% under the age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 24, 28.0% from 25 to 44, 27.6% from 45 to 64, and 13.2% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 39 years. For every 100 females there are 102.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 109.2 males. The median income for a household in the township is $31,786, and the median income for a family is $41,786. Males have a median income of $26,250 versus $18,438 for females. The per capita income for the township is $21,195. 14.0% of the population and 10.5% of families are below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 22.2% of those under the age of 18 and 14.7% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. ******************* file_id: 131756 63.1% be couple. file_id: 131756 couple live . file_id: 131756 male have income. ******************* George Lohmann(born June 2, 1865; died December 1, 1901) is regarded as one the greatest bowlers of all time. Statistically, he holds the lowest lifetime Test bowling average among bowlers with more than ten wickets. He bowled at around medium pace, and on the primitive pitches of his time could gain a lot of spin, so that when rain affected the pitch he was invariably quite unplayable. However, against the best batsmen Lohmann possessed a great deal of skill and guile, and he could vary his pace, flight and break so deceptively as to worry batsmen on better pitches. He was the finest slip fielder of his time, and in county cricket a good enough hard-hitting batsman to score two centuries for Surrey and average 25 in 1887. Lohmann first played first-class cricket for Surrey in ten matches during 1884. He did little bowling but nonetheless established himself as a regular member of the side for his promising batting. The following year was nothing short of a sensation. Lohmann not only became Surrey's leading bowler, but was the leading first-class wicket-taker with 142 wickets. He also showed his promise as a batsman was no fluke, for he scored 571 runs. In 1886, Lohmann did equally well and played his first Test matches for England against Australia. He took only one wicket at Old Trafford, and none at Lord's, but his continued superb form in other first-class matches saw him retained for the last match at The Oval. Here, Lohmann established himself as a great bowler with a superb twelve for 104 (7 for 36 and 5 for 68), giving England what is still one of its most decisive wins in an Ashes series. Again being the leading first-class wicket-taker, Lohmann was chosen to tour Australia with Alfred Shaw's team. On his first tour, Lohmann moved even further ahead of the pack as a bowler. In the Second Test at the SCG, Lohmann became the first bowler to take eight wickets in a Test innings, and in the abnormally dry summer of 1887 showed himself far ahead of any other bowler - taking 154 wickets when the next best was 114. He also made his highest score as a batsman, scoring 115 against Sussex at Hove, whilst his aggregate of runs for the season totalled 843. Lohmann again toured Australia in the winter of 1887/1888, and with Johnny Briggs formed an irresistible combination in the only Test match on a sticky wicket. In 1888, a summer as wet as 1887 had been dry, Lohmann took full advantage of the dreadful pitches on which most matches were played, taking 209 wickets for only 10.90 each (including 143 in 14 county matches!). In the three Tests against Australia, Briggs, Bobby Peel and Billy Barnes did so well that Lohmann had to do little bowling at the Oval and Old Trafford. However, he took eight wickets at Lord's and made his only Test fifty at the Oval. In 1889, Lohmann again took over 200 wickets (115 for 1485 runs in purely county matches) and took nine wickets in an innings for the first time against Sussex. In 1890, the County Championship was officially constituted for the first time after years of unofficial "champion" counties (Surrey had been acknowledged as the champion county since 1887). Lohmann continued to carry all before him in 1890, taking a career-best 220 wickets and being the leading wicket-taker outside of touring teams for the sixth successive year (a feat bettered only by Tich Freeman between 1928 and 1935). For Surrey in county cricket he totalled 113 wickets, and he again helped England to victory over Australia in the only Tests where cricket took place. In 1891, Lohmann was leading English wicket-taker for the seventh successive year with 177 wickets, and on the following year's Australian tour, he again bowled wondefully well, taking eight for 58 on a dry wicket in Sydney. In 1892, with Surrey still crushing all opposition in the County Championship race, Lohmann "suffered only by comparison with previous years" ( Wisden ). He surprisingly ceded the position of Surrey's chief bowler to the emergent William Lockwood who took full advantage of Oval pitches being extremely fiery and untrue due to reconditionng of the square, but it still seemed as though Lohmann had many years of county and Test cricket ahead of him. A rude shock to Surrey was to come, however. After the 1892 season had ended, a dreadful shock came when it was announced that Lohmann had contracted tuberculosis. In an effort to improve his health, Lohmann sailed during the 1892/1893 winter to Cape Town, but his health did not at first improve and he could not play at all for Surrey in 1893 or 1894; indeed he could play no cricket until the 1894/1895 Currie Cup final where he turned out for Western Province. By July 1895 his health had recovered sufficiently for him to play again for Surrey. Fortuitously, Lohmann's return coincided with a return to extremely treacherous wickets after a long spell of very dry weather and much better pitches than Lohmann had ever bowled on before. Though completely overshadowed by the equally amazing Tom Richardson, the mere fact of missing the good wickets in May and June caused Lohmann to actually beat Richardson in the averages, though his batting (seen as an important part of his county cricket up to 1892) was completely insignificant. Returning to South Africa to maintain his health, Lohmann played no more first-class cricket until February, yet on the matting wickets in three "Tests" (the England eleven was no more than England "A" of today), Lohmann was so unplayable that he took 35 wickets for the remarkable average of just 5.80 runs each. During this series Lohmann twice broke the record for best analysis in Test cricket: he took 15 for 45 in the first Test, and, after not being put on initially in the second, he became the first bowler to take nine wickets in a Test innings. In 1896, Lohmann began to play for Surrey at the end of May, and, though he took 93 wickets and helped Richardson to put Australia out for 53 on a good wicket at Lord's, it was thought he had not come up to expectations, but he had a fully satisfactory benefit in the game against Yorkshire in August. A pay dispute, in which he demanded twice the existing 10-pound match fee given at the time to professional cricketers caused Lohmann, along with Billy Gunn to withdraw from the last Test match. He continued to play for Surrey that August, but at the end of the season his health again degenerated and he had to return to South Africa and retire from his English career for good. Lohmann immigrated to South Africa permanently in 1897 and played a full season of first-class cricket for Western Province. In five matches on matting pitches during March 1897 he took 34 wickets for 12.26 runs each, but it was clear throughout that year that his health was unlikely to recover, and he was able to play only one further first-class match for "A Bailey's Transvaal XI". However, Lohmann did come back to England in 1901 to manage the second South African touring team (and the first whose matches were actually recognised as first-class). However, his health was clearly never going to recover completely, and even after returning to Cape Town with the onset of autumn in England, Lohmann's condition only became more critical. On the first of December 1901, the tuberculosis he had fought against for nine years finally claimed his life at age 36. ******************* file_id: 1318827 match play_PASS . file_id: 1318827 return coincide return. ******************* St. Petersburg is a borough located in Clarion County, Pennsylvania . As of the 2000 census, the borough had a total population of 405. St. Petersburg is located at 41°9'39" North, 79°39'14" West (41.160944, -79.653937) . According to the United States Census Bureau , the borough has a total area of 0.9 km² (0.3 mi² ). 0.9 km² (0.3 mi²) of it is land and none of the area is covered with water. As of the census of 2000 , there are 405 people, 164 households, and 115 families residing in the borough. The population density is 459.9/km² (1,189.8/mi²). There are 168 housing units at an average density of 190.8/km² (493.6/mi²). The racial makeup of the borough is 99.26% White , 0.00% African American , 0.00% Native American , 0.00% Asian , 0.00% Pacific Islander , 0.25% from other races , and 0.49% from two or more races. 0.49% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 164 households out of which 31.7% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.5% are married couples living together, 10.4% have a female householder with no husband present, and 29.3% are non-families. 27.4% of all households are made up of individuals and 11.6% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.47 and the average family size is 2.97. In the borough the population is spread out with 26.9% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 27.4% from 25 to 44, 25.9% from 45 to 64, and 12.8% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 38 years. For every 100 females there are 108.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 101.4 males. The median income for a household in the borough is $30,083, and the median income for a family is $33,333. Males have a median income of $30,000 versus $16,875 for females. The per capita income for the borough is $14,703. 11.0% of the population and 8.7% of families are below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 11.8% of those under the age of 18 and 9.2% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. ******************* file_id: 131949 55.5% be couple. file_id: 131949 couple live . file_id: 131949 male have income. ******************* The AMC Eagle was produced by the former American Motors Corporation, introduced for the 1980 model year and based on the AMC Concord range. The vehicle utilized an full-time all-wheel drive system (mechanism similar to the Jeep Cherokee, also produced by AMC) and had a noticeable increased height compared to competitors' automobiles. At the time, the Eagle was a logical extension to the Concord range: since AMC made Jeeps it made sense to combine off-road technology with a passenger car range. It is now considered ahead of its time, creating the model which vehicles such as the Subaru Outback, Audi Allroad Quattro, Volvo XC70 and Holden Adventra follow: that of the "raised" station wagon. Shift-on-the-fly 4WD was standard in 1985. Unlike the later cars, the Eagle was available as a ' Kammback,' essentially a three-door hatchback with a very vertical tailgate; a four-door sedan, a five-door station wagon, and a three-door fastback topping the range with an SX/4 variant. The Kammback and fastback had two-wheel-drive equivalents in the AMC Spirit range, which were basically restyled AMC Gremlin. As the range developed, the three-door models were deleted (1983). Toward the end of the Eagle's life, only the station wagon remained (1987). Sadly, the Eagle eventually suffered from sluggish sales, reliability, and mileage concerns, leading to its cancellation in early 1988 after AMC’s merger with Chrysler. ******************* file_id: 1320350 height compare_PASS competitor. file_id: 1320350 model follow . ******************* Capra aegagrus aegagrus Capra aegagrus blythi Capra aegagrus chialtanensis Capra aegagrus cretica Capra aegagrus hircus Capra aegagrus turcmenica The Wild Goat( Capra aegagrus) is a common type of goat. Wild Goats are terrestrial species found in Europe, Central Asia, Asia Minor, and the Middle East. In the wild, goats live in flocks of 5-20 goats; males are solitary. Male goats go through a period called a rut, where they ready to mate. During the rut old males drive younger males from the maternal herds. The gestation period averages 170 days. Does usually give birth to one kid. Kids can follow the mother goat almost immediately after birth. Kids are wean ed after 6 months. Female goats reach sexual maturity at 1.5-2.5 years, males at 3.5-4 years. The lifespan of a goat can be from 12 to 22 years. ******************* file_id: 1325294 Wild_Goats be species. file_id: 1325294 species find_PASS Europe. file_id: 1325294 goat live flock. file_id: 1325294 male be . file_id: 1325294 Male_goats go period. file_id: 1325294 kid follow mother_goat. file_id: 1325294 kid be . file_id: 1325294 Female_goats reach maturity. ******************* Shore Line East(SLE) is a commuter railroad operating in southern Connecticut. A fully owned subsidiary of the Connecticut Department of Transportation(ConnDOT), SLE provides weekday service to communities along the Northeast Corridor between New Haven, Connecticut and New London, Connecticut, with continuing service to Bridgeport, Connecticut and Stamford, Connecticut, and connecting service to New York, New York via Metro-North Railroad's New Haven Line. The section of the Northeast Corridor SLE operates on was once the New York- Boston mainline of the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad. This line is referred to as the Shore Line east of New Haven, to disambiguate it from the alternative Inland Route via Springfield, Massachusetts. In recognition of the large role played by the New Haven in the history and heritage of the state of Connecticut, ConnDOT paints SLE's diesel-powered locomotives in the New Haven's colors and "NH" markings. SLE was established as a temporary service to newly-reopened local stations between Union Station in New Haven and Old Saybrook, Connecticut, to alleviate traffic congestion that arose from scheduled construction work on Interstate 95. The restored service proved more popular than expected, and the service was made permanent, and extended one station east to New London. To attract more riders, some peak hour trains were extended to provide one seat rides via SLE to employment centers in Bridgeport and Stamford. Most SLE trains run local westbound from Old Saybrook to New Haven in the morning, with some nonstop eastbound service. This traffic pattern is reversed in the afternoon and evening rush. A handful operate through New Haven to or from Stamford. Service to the New London Station has been cut down to a single train in each direction every day. This is despite the popularity of the New London service after it was introduced; Amtrak was forced by the U.S. Coast Guard to curtail traffic over a moveable bridge. The Coast Guard has jurisdiction over marine traffic, and thus over how often the bridge can be closed to allow a train to pass. To make it up to SLE customers, Amtrak allows New London SLE monthly pass holders to board selected Regional trains. All trains that do not operate west of New Haven make a connection to a Metro North Railroad train at New Haven, for service to and from points in Connecticut, Westchester County, New York, and New York City. Although SLE service is funded by ConnDOT, it is operated under contract by Amtrak. Amtrak owns and dispatches the Northeast Corridor east of New Haven. West of New Haven, the Corridor is owned by Metro North. In contrast to Metro North's New Haven Line, whose rolling stock is also purchased in part by the state of Connecticut (a portion of the fleet is owned by the Metropolitian Transportation Authority, Metro North's parent organization), SLE trains are diesel push-pull trains, as opposed to Metro North's electric multiple units. SLE runs diesel service because, when it was purchasing motive power, Amtrak had not yet electrified the Northeast Corridor between New Haven and Boston. While the purchase of electric motive power is a long term goal, there are as of now no immediate plans to do so. When it happens, though, it is expected that ConnDOT will reassign the locomotives to a new proposed commuter line along Amtrak's New Haven- Hartford-Springfield, MA line, which is expected to imitate SLE's operating model. As of late 2004, SLE has just purchased several single level coaches from Virginia Railway Express, to increase its fleet size to accommodate higher ridership, as well as to provide a critical reserve in case of mechanical breakdown. Mindful of the weather-related equipment failures that plagued both Connecticut commuter railroads in the winter of 2003- 2004, Governor Jodi Rell has directed that the new cars be put into service immediately, without even taking time to paint them in SLE livery. See Northeast Corridor. ******************* file_id: 1327730 SLE establish_PASS service. file_id: 1327730 SLE_trains run westbound. file_id: 1327730 Amtrak allow sle. file_id: 1327730 All_trains not_operate west. file_id: 1327730 SLE_trains be push_-_pull_trains. ******************* Dunmore is a borough located in Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania , adjoining Scranton . Dunmore was settled in 1835 and incorporated in 1862 . Extensive anthracite coal , brick, stone, and silk interests had led to a rapid increase in the population to 8,315 in 1890 , 12,583 in 1900 , 17,615 in 1910 , 20,250 in 1920 , and 23,086 in 1940 . As of the 2000 census, the borough had a total population of 14,018. Dunmore is one of the numerous villages which sprang from the original township of Providence, Pennsylvania. Purchased from the natives in 1754, the territory now embracing this village offered its solitude to the pioneers seeking a home in the wilderness between the Delaware and the Susquehanna rivers until the summer of 1783. At this time, William Allsworth, a shoemaker by trade, who had visited the Connecticut land at Wyoming for the purpose of selecting a place for his home the year previous, reached the point at evening, where he encamped and lit his fire in the forest where Dunmore was thus founded. The need of more places of rest to cheer the emigrants traveling with heavy burdens induced Mr. Allsworth to fix his abode at this spot. Deer and bear were so abundant for many years within sight of his clearing, that his family never trusted to his rifle in vain for a supply of venison or the substantial haunches of the bear. The house of Mr. Allsworth, famed for the constant readiness of the host to smooth by his dry jokes and kind words the ruggedness of every man’s daily road, became a common point of interest and attraction to the emigrant or the wayfarer. The descendants of Mr. Allsworth have filled many places of trust and usefulness in the county, and adorned the various walks of social life. In the summer of 1795, Charles Dolph, John Carey, and John West began the labor of clearing and plowing lands in the neighborhood of Bucktown or Corners, as this place was long called after the first foot-path opened from Blakelye to the Roaring Brook crossed the Wyoming road at Allsworth’s. Edward Lunnon, Isaac Dolph, James Brown, Philip Swartz and Levi De Puy, purchased land of the State between 1799-1805 and located in this portion of Providence Township. The old tavern, long since vanished with its round swinging sign and low bar-room, one corner of which, fortified with long pine-pickets, extended from the bar to the very ceiling, in times of yore, was owned successively by Wm. Allsworth, Philip Swartz, Isaac Dolph, Henry W. Drinker, and Samuel De Puy. The external aspect of Dunmore promised so much by its agricultural expectations in 1813, that Dr. Orlo Hamlin with his young wife, was induced to settle a mile north of Allsworth. He was the first physician and surgeon locating in Providence. The population of Dunmore and Blakeley, doubling in numbers and increasing in wealth, warranted Stephen Tripp in erecting a saw and grist mill in 1820, on the Roaring Brook half a mile south of the village. A store was opened at the Corners in 1820 under the auspices of the Drinker Turnpike; but the village, consisting of but four houses, had but a negative existence until the Pennsylvania Coal Company, in 1847-1848, turned the sterile pasture-fields around it into a town liberal in the extent of its territory and diversified by every variety of life. By 1875, the township of Providence was dissolved and the land split up into various smaller boroughs and towns with Dunmore being one of them. Today, Dunmore is a borough bordering the town of Scranton, Pennsylvania . Dunmore is located at 41°25'3" North, 75°37'28" West (41.417530, -75.624432) . According to the United States Census Bureau , the borough has a total area of 22.8 km² (8.8 mi² ). 22.6 km² (8.7 mi²) of it is land and 0.2 km² (0.1 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 0.79% water. As of the census of 2000 , there are 14,018 people, 6,141 households, and 3,788 families residing in the borough. The population density is 619.3/km² (1,603.7/mi²). There are 6,528 housing units at an average density of 288.4/km² (746.8/mi²). The racial makeup of the borough is 98.45% White , 0.49% African American , 0.06% Native American , 0.44% Asian , 0.01% Pacific Islander , 0.18% from other races , and 0.36% from two or more races. 0.88% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 6,141 households out of which 24.0% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.1% are married couples living together, 11.9% have a female householder with no husband present, and 38.3% are non-families. 34.6% of all households are made up of individuals and 16.9% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.26 and the average family size is 2.95. In the borough the population is spread out with 20.9% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 27.6% from 25 to 44, 22.4% from 45 to 64, and 22.3% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 41 years. For every 100 females there are 88.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 84.4 males. The median income for a household in the borough is $33,280, and the median income for a family is $43,354. Males have a median income of $32,855 versus $24,167 for females. The per capita income for the borough is $19,851. 10.5% of the population and 6.7% of families are below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 11.1% of those under the age of 18 and 11.8% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. ******************* file_id: 132836 coal_,_brick_,_stone_,_and_silk_interests lead_PASS increase. file_id: 132836 emigrant travel burden. file_id: 132836 46.1% be couple. file_id: 132836 couple live . file_id: 132836 male have income. ******************* Judicial review is the power of a court to review a law or an official act of a government employee or agent for constitutionality or for the violation of basic principles of justice. In many jurisdictions, the court has the power to strike down that law, to overturn the executive act, or order a public official to act in a certain manner if it believes the law or act to be unconstitutional or to be contrary to law in a free and democratic society. In some, such as Scotland and also England , the power goes further, and it may be possible to strike down a decision simply because it ignored relevant and material facts. Judicial review of federal and state legislation for constitutionality is established by Section 76 of the Constitution of Australia , making the High Court of Australia one of the first courts in the world to exercise this power, after the US Supreme Court . Australia has a unified system of state and federal courts, so state and federal constiutional issues can arise in state courts. A significant constitutional issue is almost always removed into the High Court of Australia for a final decision. Beginning with the Law/management.nsf/current/bytitle/54DB558856AEE672CA256F710006F886?OpenDocument Administrative Appeals Tribunal Act 1975 , Australia was the second Westminster system country to adopt a comprehensive system of administrative appeals on the merits of decisions. Judicial review on the legality of federal administrative decisions in Australia is available under the Administrative Decisions (Judicial Review) Act 1977 or ADJR for short. An administrative act may be reviewable if it is a decision of an administrative character made, proposed to be made, or required to be made under an enactment by a Commonwealth authority or officer, excluding a decision of the Governor-General or a decision made exempt under statute. The Act provides for review of decisions (s5), conduct engaged in for the purpose of making a decision (s6) of failing to make a decision (s7). Under the Act, statutory orders of review replace the common law writs and equitable remedies (s16). Various Australian States also provide for statutory judicial review. In Queensland, the common law doctrines have been repealed and replaced under Part 5 (ss41-47) of the Judicial Review Act 1992 (Qld). Part 3 (ss20-30) provides the equivalent of the Commonwealth scheme, with the exception that decisions of an administrative character may also be reviewable if made under a "non-statutory scheme or program", provided it is publicly funded (s4(b)). When the Constitution of Austria , drafted by Hans Kelsen , was enacted in 1920 , Austria was the first country to implement what is now known as the "Austrian system" of judicial review, where a separate Constitutional Court has juridisction to review the constitutionality of statutes and decrees . There are various circumstances under which the Constitutional Court of Austria can be required to review legislation, e.g. The Constitutional Court can also review statutes which are part of the constitution on whether they are compatible with "basic principles" of the constitution, such as democracy , federalism , the rule of law , the republic an principle or the separation of powers . Other than normal constitutional statutes, pieces of legislation seriously affecting those principles (such as Austria's accession to the EU ) require a referendum in addition to the two thirds majority normally required to change or amend the constitution. However, so far the court has only in one case found that part of the constitution was incompatible with its basic principles. In Canada , the same principle applies as in the British parliamentary system, though since the Constitution of Canada created a federal state there was an issue of the division of powers so while there were questions regarding judicial review when jurisdictional conflicts arose, there was no clear power to overturn laws based upon other grounds. It is important to note that the courts in each province, while provincial, are courts of plenary jurisdiction under the Canadian constitution and are held to have the traditional powers of judicial review such as in England and Wales. Regarding the review of administrative decisions by public officials the concepts of fundamental justice and overturning of patently unreasonable decisionmaking have developed along with the evolution of the royal writs as in the United Kingdom. In 1982 when the patriated Canadian Constitution came into force the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms created a clear written power of judicial review. In that document, the Supreme Court of Canada was granted the power of judicial review beyond the power that it had held prior to that date. This power can be overridden by governments with respect to certain clauses of the Charter by invoking the notwithstanding clause in legislation. However, it is a mechanism which is often considered dangerous politically because of public respect for the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Judicial review in England is provided by virtue of section 31 of the Supreme Court Act 1981. Pursuant to s.31(3) a prospective applicant for judicial review must request 'leave' (now known as 'permission') to apply for judicial review, and permission shall not be granted unless "the High Court … considers that the applicant has a sufficient interest in the matter to which the application relates". The test of sufficient interest, or locus standi , is fairly liberal, especially when compared to the 'victim' test adopted for claims under section 6 of the Human Rights Act 1998 . Representative applications are allowed, and have been permitted from organisations such as Greenpeace and charities such as the World Development Movement . Once leave has been granted the applicant must establish grounds for review. The main grounds for review are: illegality, irrationality, procedural impropriety, Human Rights Act section 6, and breach of EC law . It is not just Government bodies which are susceptible to review, but also any body which operates a public function, for example the Panel on Takeovers and Mergers . Under the heading of 'illegality' are encompassed the following grounds of review: Under the heading of 'irrationality' are encompassed the following grounds of review: Irrationality is also know as Wednesbury unreasonableness after the case of Associated Provincial Picture Houses Ltd v. Wednesbury Corp which stated that a decision would be unreasonable if it "is so unreasonable that no reasonable authority could ever have come to it" (per Lord Greene). It is very difficult to establish and rarely submitted as a ground on its own. There is also a sliding scale of intensity of review on the grounds of unreasonableness: Non-justiciable --> Super Wednesbury --> Ordinary Wednesbury --> Anxious Scrutiny Non-justiciable cases are those which involve matters best left to the executive (such as national security ), and courts will refuse to review such cases on the basis of irrationality. Anxious scrutiny applies to cases involving human rights. As a general rule, the further to the right of the scale the case falls, the more likely the courts are to find that a decision was unreasonable. Under the heading of 'procedural impropriety' are encompassed the following grounds of review: Section 6(1) of the Human Rights Act 1998 provides that "it is unlawful for a public authority to act in a way which is incompatible with a Convention right". The Convention referred to is the European Convention on Human Rights . An applicant may only bring a review on this ground if "he is (or would be) a victim of the unlawful act" - s.7(1)(b). Since the Factortame case EU law has been recognised as directly effective in the UK, and it is possible to bring a review based on a breach of EU law. In Germany , judicial review is a legal principle defined and guaranteed by the German constitution (often referred to as the Basic Law or ). Judicial review is indeed intended as a safeguard against tyranny of the majority and has been successfully employed to challenge, for example, the national census efforts of the German government in the 1980s. In particular, article 93 states that the Federal Constitutional Court (BVerfG) shall rule: Also, article 93 provides that any court, as part of its proceedings, may request the Federal Constitutional Court or the appropriate land court to review a particular statute's constitutionality or compatibility with applicable international law. The power of judicial review of all actings of administrative bodies or courts in Scotland (and even in theory of the Scottish Parliament) is held by the Court of Session . The procedure is governed by Chapter 58 of the Rules of Court , although there are special rules for some categories of cases such as statutory review of the Asylum and Immigration Tribunal . There are no time limits on seeking judicial review, although if proper administration is prejudiced by delay the court may in its discretion refuse to grant it. In general, judicial review is available for any error of law by an administrative body, but it is sometimes possible to seek judicial review simply on the basis that the decision was entirely unreasonable, ignored known facts, or took irrelevant material into account. About six hundred judicial review cases are brought every year; most of these are settled by agreement and only a small minority have to be decided by the court. There is a full discussion on this site . Article 191 of the Swiss Federal Constitution states that federal statutes and international law are binding on the Federal Supreme Court. In consequence, the courts are not empowered to review the constitutionality of federal statutes, but will, where possible, construe statutes so as not to create a conflict with the Constitution. The courts can suspend the application of federal statutes that conflict with international law, but tend to exercise this power cautiously and deferentially: In Schubert (BGE 99 Ib 39), the Federal Supreme Court refused to do so because Parliament had consciously violated international law in drafting the statute at issue. The reason traditionally given for the lack of judicial review is the Swiss system of popular democracy : If 50'000 citizens so demand, any new statute is made subject to a popular referendum . In this sense, it is the people themselves that exercise judicial review. The situation described above for Swiss federal law applies mutatis mutandis to the constitutional and legal systems of the individual cantons . However, owing to the derogatory power of federal law, federal courts as a matter of course exercise judicial review on cantonal law, as well as on federal executive law (ordinances, executive orders etc.). The power of judicial review is held by courts in the United States which while developing out of British law is based fundamentally on the tripartite nature of governmental power as enunciated in the United States Constitution . The only explicit definition given in the Constitution is in Article III , which states: The power to strike down laws is not specifically listed, but is an implied power derived from Article III, and Article VI , which declares that the Constitution is the supreme law of the land: no state or federal law is allowed to violate the Constitution. The ultimate court for deciding the constitutionality of federal or state law under the Constitution of the United States is the Supreme Court of the United States . The doctrine of Judicial review was first established as part of Federal law in 1803 in the Supreme Court decision Marbury v. Madison . The ultimate court for deciding the constitutionality of state law under state constitutions is the highest appellate court in each state -- usually called a Supreme Court , but also sometimes known as the Court of Appeals. Even before Marbury , the doctrine of judicial review was specifically enshrined in some state constitutions, and by 1803 it had been employed in both state courts and federal courts in actions dealing with state statutes. In the Federal system, courts may only decide actual controversies; it is not possible to request the Federal courts to review a law without at least one party with legal standing to engage in a lawsuit. This principle means that courts sometimes do not exercise their power of review, even when a law is seemingly unconstitutional, for what are often described in the press as "technicalities". In some state courts, such as the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court , legislation may be referred in certain circumstances by the legislature or by the executive for an advisory ruling on its constitutionality prior to its enactment (or enforcement). Although judicial review has become an established part of constitutional law in the United States, some people disagree with the doctrine, or believe that it is unconstitutional since it is not specifically spelled out in the Constitution. The Virginia Constitution of 1776 states, "All power of suspending laws, or the execution of laws, by any authority, without consent of the representatives of the people, is injurious to their rights, and ought not to be exercised." In a letter to William C. Jarvis in 1820 , Thomas Jefferson wrote: The origins of judicial review in the United States can be traced back to the Constitutional Convention and the Virginia Plan 's "council of revision", which included the Supreme Court, that would exam laws and could accept or reject them. However, under this system, the legislature could pass a bill over the council's veto. By August 27 , 1787 this plan had been dropped. James Madison , the author of the Virginia plan, stated in his notes on the convention that: Robert Yates , a delegate to the Constitutional Convention from New York , predicted what would happen: Therefore, the Constitutional Convention, believing that the Supreme Court would abuse their power, changed the "council of revision" into the Presidential veto . Proponents of judicial review note that any government based on a written constitution requires some mechanism to prevent laws from being passed that violate that constitution. Otherwise, the document would be meaningless, and the legislature, with the power to enact any laws whatsoever, would be the supreme arm of government. This concept was laid out by Alexander Hamilton in Federalist No. 78 : ******************* file_id: 133040 issue arise state_courts. file_id: 133040 act provide review. file_id: 133040 conduct engage_PASS review. file_id: 133040 order replace law_writs. file_id: 133040 statute be part. file_id: 133040 power overturn law. file_id: 133040 law base_PASS grounds. file_id: 133040 power override_PASS government. file_id: 133040 Representative_applications allow_PASS . file_id: 133040 grounds be organisation. file_id: 133040 Government_bodies be . file_id: 133040 body operate function. file_id: 133040 body be . file_id: 133040 Scrutiny_Non be . file_id: 133040 court refuse . file_id: 133040 scrutiny apply case. file_id: 133040 court request . file_id: 133040 review be error. file_id: 133040 statute make_PASS . file_id: 133040 power hold_PASS court. file_id: 133040 court deal state_statutes. file_id: 133040 proponent base_PASS constitution. file_id: 133040 legislature enact law. ******************* Da'i Bachtiar(born April 25, 1951 in Indramayu, West Java) is Indonesia's former police chief. On 15 October 2002, he announced that Indonesian investigators at the scene of the Bali bombing had recovered traces of C-4 plastic explosives. It is rumoured that there was rivalry between Bachtiar and intelligence chief Hendropriyono. After Amrozi had been arrested Bachtiar had a face-to-face meeting with him. Bachtiar laughed, shook hands and posed for photographs with Amrozi. ******************* file_id: 1336932 investigator recover_PASS trace. ******************* Quemahoning Township is a township located in Somerset County, Pennsylvania . As of the 2000 census, the township had a total population of 2,180. According to the United States Census Bureau , the township has a total area of 93.7 km² (36.2 mi² ). 92.1 km² (35.6 mi²) of it is land and 1.6 km² (0.6 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 1.74% water. As of the census 2 of 2000 , there are 2,180 people, 827 households, and 627 families residing in the township. The population density is 23.7/km² (61.3/mi²). There are 897 housing units at an average density of 9.7/km² (25.2/mi²). The racial makeup of the township is 99.54% White , 0.05% African American , 0.09% Native American , 0.05% Asian , 0.00% Pacific Islander , 0.05% from other races , and 0.23% from two or more races. 0.37% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 827 households out of which 31.8% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.4% are married couples living together, 8.1% have a female householder with no husband present, and 24.1% are non-families. 21.5% of all households are made up of individuals and 10.2% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.64 and the average family size is 3.06. In the township the population is spread out with 25.5% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 27.3% from 25 to 44, 26.0% from 45 to 64, and 13.3% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 38 years. For every 100 females there are 99.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 96.8 males. The median income for a household in the township is $32,134, and the median income for a family is $37,500. Males have a median income of $27,000 versus $20,096 for females. The per capita income for the township is $14,002. 12.5% of the population and 9.1% of families are below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 16.3% of those under the age of 18 and 10.1% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. ******************* file_id: 133813 63.4% be couple. file_id: 133813 couple live . file_id: 133813 male have income. ******************* 6 Meters is a popular ham radio band. It ranges from 50 to 54 MHz in the United States. The 6 Meter band is part of the VHF spectrum but exhibits some of the HF propagation mechanisms and because of this peculiar behaviour it is sometimes called Magic Band. The 6 Meter band is not as popular as 2 Meter band because of antenna size, legal issues, frequency and power restrictions. It is illegal to use in some countries because it is also a popular military communication channel. In some nations, the frequency range occupied by the six-meter ham band is used for television transmissions, although most countries have moved the channels to higher frequencies (see channel 1). Over the past decade or so, the availability of transceivers that include the six-meter band has increased greatly. Most modern HF amateur radios now include the six-meter band, as do some handheld VHF/ UHF transceivers. There exist and/or have existed a number of stand-alone 6 Meter transcievers, although these have been relatively rare in recent years. As tranceivers have become more available for the Magic Band, 6 meters has been gaining popularity quickly. In many countries, including the United States, access to 6 meters is granted to even entry-level license holders. Those without access to the international "HF" or shortwave frequencies get their first taste of true long-distance communications on the 6 meter band, when conditions are available. Many of these operators develop a real affection for the challenge of the band, and often continue to devote much time to 6 meters, even when they gain access to the HF frequencies upon urgrading licensure. Although the International Telecommunications Union does not allocate frequencies to amateurs in Europe, due to the decline of VHF television broadcasts and commerical pressure on the lower VHF spectrum, every European country except Hungary now has a 6 meter amateur allocation, and the situation in Hungary is currently under review by the national communcations regulator. In United Kingdom, it is legal to use 6 meters between frequencies 50 to 52 MHz, with some limitations at some frequencies. In UK, 50 to 51 MHz is primary usage and the rest is secondary with power limitations. The detailed band plan for UK can be obtained from RSGB Band plan documentation (PDF). Many organizations promote regular competitions in this frequency to promote its use and to familiarize operators to its quirks. For example RSGB VHF Contest Committee has la number of contests on 6 meters every year. Because of its peculiarity, there are a number of 6 meters operator groups. These people monitor the status of the band between different paths and promote 6 meter operations. (with the UKSMG's recommended change to the adoption of the term "inter-regional" rather than "inter-continental") (Source: VOLUNTARY OPERATING CODE OF PRACTICE for 6m operators UKSMG 16 February 2003) (Source: ARRL Band Plans) The Band Plan for IARU Region 3 may be found in their Band Plan Document ******************* file_id: 1340260 access grant_PASS entry_-_level_license_holders. file_id: 1340260 condition be Magic_Band. file_id: 1340260 rest be power_limitations. file_id: 1340260 organization promote competition. file_id: 1340260 people monitor status. ******************* Overfield Township is a township located in Wyoming County, Pennsylvania . As of the 2000 census, the township had a total population of 1,532. According to the United States Census Bureau , the township has a total area of 26.4 km² (10.2 mi² ). 25.6 km² (9.9 mi²) of it is land and 0.9 km² (0.3 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 3.24% water. As of the census 2 of 2000 , there are 1,532 people, 612 households, and 438 families residing in the township. The population density is 59.9/km² (155.1/mi²). There are 852 housing units at an average density of 33.3/km² (86.3/mi²). The racial makeup of the township is 98.56% White , 0.26% African American , 0.00% Native American , 0.07% Asian , 0.07% Pacific Islander , 0.07% from other races , and 0.98% from two or more races. 0.46% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 612 households out of which 32.5% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.5% are married couples living together, 8.7% have a female householder with no husband present, and 28.4% are non-families. 24.5% of all households are made up of individuals and 8.7% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.50 and the average family size is 2.99. In the township the population is spread out with 25.1% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 28.1% from 25 to 44, 26.5% from 45 to 64, and 14.1% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 39 years. For every 100 females there are 105.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 102.3 males. The median income for a household in the township is $37,898, and the median income for a family is $45,216. Males have a median income of $31,897 versus $22,143 for females. The per capita income for the township is $19,034. 9.4% of the population and 7.6% of families are below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 13.6% of those under the age of 18 and 8.5% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. ******************* file_id: 134214 32.5% have child. file_id: 134214 59.5% be couple. file_id: 134214 couple live . file_id: 134214 male have income. ******************* Collective Security is a system aspiring to the maintenance of peace, in which participants agree that any "breach of the peace is to be declared to be of concern to all the participating states," and will result in a collective response. This began in 1918 after the balance of power no longer worked correctly. The lines between what is considered " collective defense" and "collective security" have been blurred. The concept of "collective security" forwarded by visionaries such as Martin Wight, Immanuel Kant, and Woodrow Wilson, are deemed to apply interests in security in a broad manner, to "avoid grouping powers into opposing camps, and refusing to draw dividing lines that would leave anyone out." Although this aspiration has never successfully worked, tenets of collective security continue to be behind many famous current and historical military alliances, most notably NATO. The term "collective security" has also been cited as a principle of the United Nations, and the League of Nations before that. By employing a system of collective security the UN hopes to dissuade any member state from acting in a manner likely to threaten peace, thereby avoiding any conflict. The theory is considered by politicians to be more successful when applied to military alliances than in attempts to use it as a universal principle as with the League of Nations and UN. Cited examples of the limitations of the latter form of collective security include the Falklands War. When Argentina invaded the islands, which are overseas territories of the United Kingdom, many UN members stayed out of the issue, as it did not directly concern them. An example given of the failure of the League of Nations to adhere to collective security is the Manchurian Crisis, when Japan occupied part of China(who was a League member). After two years of deliberation, the League passed a resolution condemning the invasion without committing the League's members to any action against it. The Japanese replied by quitting the League of Nations. This inaction by the League subjected it to criticisms that it was weak and concerned more with European issues (most leading members were European), and is considered by many to have encouraged, or at least to have not deterred, the aggression shown by the Axis powers leading to World War Two. The most active and articulate exponent of collective security during the immediate pre-war years was the Soviet foreign minister Maxim Litvinov, but after the Munich Agreement in September 1938 and Western passivity in the face of German occupation of the remainder of Czechoslovakia in March 1939 showed that the Western Powers were not prepared to engage in collective security against aggression by the Axis Powers together with the Soviet Union, Soviet foreign policy was revised and Litvinov was replaced as foreign minister in early May 1939, in order to facilitate the negotiations that led to the Non-Aggression Pact with Germany, signed by Litvinov's successor, Vyacheslav Molotov, on 23 August of that year. The war in Europe broke out a week later, with the German invasion of Poland on 1 September. However, many politicians who view the system as having faults also believe it remains a useful tool for keeping international peace. Henry Kissinger, in "Diplomacy", argued that collective security is fundamentally flawed, since the cost of enforcing security can be (or be perceived to be) exceedingly high while the benefit of doing so can be (or be perceived to be) exceedingly low, which strongly discourages action, while at the same time, there are no formal military alliance in place (which would enforce action), since the adaptation of such treaties by countries engaged in collective security would already imply that collective security was not trusted or expected to work. For example, prior to WW2, there was absolutely no chance France would intervene to save Czechoslovakia, since this would involve war with Germany, an enormously costly and dangerous act which was also massively unpopular. Any French politician of the time attempting to follow this course would have been removed from office by popular protest. This in fact relates to one of the weaknesses of democracy; that it tends to lead to decisions being made depending on their popularity, rather than their correctness. Martin Wight, "Systems of States" ed. Hedley Bull (London: Leicester University Press, 1977), 149. David S. Yost, "NATO Transformed: The Alliance's New Roles in International Security," (Washington: United States Institute of Peace, 1998), pp. 9-26 Collective Security began in 1918 after the Balance of Power no longer worked ******************* file_id: 1343423 participant agree . file_id: 1343423 concept forward_PASS visionary. file_id: 1343423 power divide line. file_id: 1343423 line leave anyone. file_id: 1343423 tenet continue . file_id: 1343423 theory consider_PASS politician. file_id: 1343423 example include Falklands_War. file_id: 1343423 member stay alliance. file_id: 1343423 inaction subject_PASS criticism. file_id: 1343423 member be issue. file_id: 1343423 politician attempt . ******************* Daniel Alexander Payne Murray( 1852 or 1853- 1925) Assistant librarian, Library of Congress; bibliographer, author, politician, and historian was the son of a freed slave. He was born in Baltimore, Maryland on March 24, 1853. In 1861, he went to work at the United States Senate Restaurant managed by his brother who was also a caterer. Murray became the personal assistant to the Librarian of Congress, Ainsworth Rand Spofford at the age of nineteen. On April 2, 1879 he married Anna Evans with whom he had seven children. By 1881 he had risen to become assistant librarian. He joined the professional staff of the Library of Congress in 1871. He was eighteen years old, and only the second black American to work for the Library. Ten years later Murray was named assistant librarian, a position he held for forty-one years. Murray married educator Anna Jane Evans, and the couple became a major force in the social and civic life of the District of Columbia. Murray began to compile a collection of books and pamphlets authored by African Americans at the request of Herbert Putnam, the successor to Spofford. The collection was to be an exhibition for the 1900 Paris Exposition on "Negro Authors". In 1900 Murray published a list of the collections' holdings to date and appealed for additions to the list through donations. Within several months, his list had grown to eleven hundred titles. The Library of Congress's "Colored Authors' Collection" originated from his efforts. Now known as the "Daniel A. P. Murray Pamphlet Collection", it contains works dating from 1821 by such authors as Frederick Douglass, Booker T. Washington, Ida B. Wells-Barnett, Benjamin W. Arnett, and Alexander Crummell. Murray planned to expand his collection and create an encyclopedia of African-American achievement, unfortunately, the project never received sufficient support to become a reality. Murray was widely acknowledged as an authority on African-American concerns. He was the first African-American member of the Washington Board of Trade, and he testified before the House of Representatives about Jim Crow laws and the migration of African-Americans from rural locations to urban areas. He was twice a delegate to the Republican National Convention and was a member of many other councils and organizations. He was also a prolific author, and a frequent contributor to African American journals, in particular The Voice of the Negro . He was also well known for his writings on African American history, including his monumental but uncompleted Historical and Biographical Encyclopedia of the Colored Race . Murray's personal library of African American works was bequeathed to the Library of Congress upon his death March 31, 1925. ******************* file_id: 1343893 library color author. file_id: 1343893 work date . ******************* Spencer is a city located in McCook County, South Dakota . As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 157. Spencer is located at 43°43'40" North, 97°35'31" West (43.727853, -97.592033) . According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 0.7 km² (0.3 mi² ). 0.7 km² (0.3 mi²) of it is land and none of the area is covered with water. Spencer has been assigned the ZIP code 57374 and the FIPS place code 60060. As of the census of 2000 , there are 157 people, 64 households, and 44 families residing in the city. The population density is 233.1/km² (596.7/mi²). There are 73 housing units at an average density of 108.4/km² (277.4/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 98.73% White , 0.00% African American , 0.64% Native American , 0.64% Asian , 0.00% Pacific Islander , 0.00% from other races , and 0.00% from two or more races. 0.00% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 64 households out of which 31.3% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.4% are married couples living together, 6.3% have a female householder with no husband present, and 31.3% are non-families. 31.3% of all households are made up of individuals and 20.3% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.45 and the average family size is 3.05. In the city the population is spread out with 28.7% under the age of 18, 6.4% from 18 to 24, 25.5% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 17.8% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 37 years. For every 100 females there are 86.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 80.6 males. The median income for a household in the city is $21,250, and the median income for a family is $34,688. Males have a median income of $26,250 versus $22,500 for females. The per capita income for the city is $13,164. 11.4% of the population and 7.0% of families are below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 14.6% of those under the age of 18 and 14.8% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. ******************* file_id: 134947 59.4% be couple. file_id: 134947 couple live . file_id: 134947 male have income. ******************* Bertram is a city located in Burnet County, Texas . As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 1,122. Bertram is located at 30°44'39" North, 98°3'21" West (30.744132, -98.055721) . According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 2.8 km² (1.1 mi² ). 2.8 km² (1.1 mi²) of it is land and none of the area is covered with water. As of the census of 2000 , there are 1,122 people, 387 households, and 280 families residing in the city. The population density is 397.4/km² (1,031.3/mi²). There are 434 housing units at an average density of 153.7/km² (398.9/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 88.24% White , 0.89% African American , 0.62% Native American , 0.00% Asian , 0.09% Pacific Islander , 9.09% from other races , and 1.07% from two or more races. 21.21% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 387 households out of which 36.2% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.0% are married couples living together, 7.2% have a female householder with no husband present, and 27.4% are non-families. 25.6% of all households are made up of individuals and 13.7% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.69 and the average family size is 3.24. In the city the population is spread out with 24.6% under the age of 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 27.5% from 25 to 44, 20.7% from 45 to 64, and 18.5% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 37 years. For every 100 females there are 90.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 88.8 males. The median income for a household in the city is $36,250, and the median income for a family is $42,031. Males have a median income of $29,688 versus $20,179 for females. The per capita income for the city is $14,132. 8.3% of the population and 7.0% of families are below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 8.3% of those under the age of 18 and 22.0% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. Bertram hosts an annual "Oatmeal Festival" during the Labor Day weekend. Named after the remains of the nearby community of Oatmeal, it includes a number of activities that draw attendees from all over central Texas . The Duffy-Shamrock Joint Venture Tower a nearly 600 metre high radio mast. ******************* file_id: 135577 36.2% have child. file_id: 135577 62.0% be couple. file_id: 135577 couple live . file_id: 135577 male have income. ******************* WZZM-TV, "WZZM 13" is a television station affiliated with the ABC network, broadcasting on channel 13 in the Grand Rapids, Michigan metropolitan area. The station officially went on the air on November 1, 1962, at 6:30 p.m. Strangely enough, the station went off the air just twenty minutes later, due to transmitter tube failure, and went back on ten minutes later.=History= The station certainly had humble beginnings; its first broadcasts were from a banquet room-turned studio at the Pantlind Hotel (now the Amway Grand Plaza Hotel). Live broadcasts included This Morning with Bud Lindeman, Shirley's Show and an evening news program, though the station's most notable show in many minds is The Bozo Show , which was broadcast for more than 30 years. The news program improved in 1971 with the addition of the first weather radar in the West Michigan area, upgraded in 1974 to a computerized color version. In August of 1971, a multi-million dollar state-of-the-art studio was opened in Walker, with Congressman Gerald Ford, a Grand Rapids native, presiding over the ceremony. In the years following, WZZM became a formidable force in the Grand Rapids viewing community, gathering high ratings and a reputation as one of the top news programs in the West Michigan area. In the 1990s, WZZM made an array of changes with the new millennium looming. New news vehicles were purchased, a new tape format (Beta SP) was introduced to digitize all media, a new radar receiver and new weather cameras were added across the state, and a new set was built, coinciding with WZZM's introduction of a new logo. In 2003, WZZM first started broadcasting in High Definition. For most of its history, the newscast was called Eyewitness News until the late 1990's when it was replaced by WZZM 13 News."5:30 Edition" was introduced in 1993. It had soft news features in addition to the day's headlines. Many of its features were phased out and it became a standard newscast by 1997. Many of the features returned in 2004 when "Take 5 Grand Rapids" premiered. Take 5 originally aired at 5pm but later moved to 4:30. In 2005, they launched the 13 On Target Weather Network. It's a weather channel broadcast on Channel 13-2; on Comcast and Charter Communications cable systems in West Michigan on channel 247; and on wzzm13.com. My 13 On Target Weather, powered by myweather.com, is a customizable e-mail and website service. It includes a program similar to WeatherBug which features headlines, weather conditions, and severe weather warnings. Jay Schadler worked at WZZM during the 1970's. He currently works at ABC News.=News= Over the years, WZZM has received numerous awards for journalistic excellence. Some of these include: ="Take 5 Grand Rapids"= "Take 5 Grand Rapids" is a live talk and entertainment show on WZZM weekdays at 4:30pm (from its premiere in early 2004 to September 2005, it aired at 5:00pm). It is hosted by Catherine Behrendt with reporter/substitute host Stephanie Webb. Its slogan is "Learn a little. Live a little. Have some fun." It has some of the same soft news features that were on "5:30 Edition" in the 1990's, such as movie reviews and cooking segments. A key segment of this series is "Rescue My Home", which is similar to " Extreme Makeover: Home Edition". Several times a year, a house is chosen for the makeover of a specific room. In early 2005, there was an Extreme Mini-Makeover, which is similar to " Extreme Makeover". In addition to a week's worth of segments about the project, they air primetime "Rescue My Home" specials. Past projects included the living room, bedroom, and the yard. In addition to segments about gardening, cooking, being a mother, healthy lifestyle, movies, restaurants, money management, and auto maintenance, this show features celebrity interviews and performances by local artists and national artists who are visiting Grand Rapids.=Weather= Meteorologist George Lessens writes a weekly column for Advance Newspapers. The column includes a review of the previous week and the forecast for the upcoming week. The original weatherball was perched on top of the Michigan National Bank building in downtown Grand Rapids. The colors it displayed were representative of the coming weather pattern. A poem was written about the weatherball's colors: However, due to questions about its stability, it was removed in 1987, after 20 years of existence. WZZM located the weatherball, which had resided in a Kalamazoo junkyard since its removal, and purchased it in 1999. In 2002, plans were announced to refurbish the stainless steel ball, and add new neon lights. The weatherball was perched on a 100-foot monopole, and was lit on May 7, 2003. It is visible from both Interstate 96 and U.S. Highway 131, the two major freeways in the area. The Weather Chaser was introduced in 2001. It is a mobile version of the in-studio weather office capable of live broadcasts from anywhere in the broadcast area. During severe weather, the meteorologist using the Chaser can track and report storm conditions on location. It has not been mentioned on air in recent months. The weather deck is a deck set up for weather reports. Most weather reports are done outside, except when the weather makes it unsafe for the meteorologist to go outside, such as severe weather situations. The weather deck was introduced in 1999. From 1995 to 1999, the evening meteorologist reported from the parking lot. Once a week, the noon newscast has a "Weather Deck Guest" segment - a live interview from the deck.=Sports= WZZM started expanded coverage of high school football in 1995 with "Friday Night Football". A few years later, the name was changed to "13 On Your Sidelines". During the 5:30 and 6:00pm newscasts, a meteorologist does a weather report from the "Game of the Week" location with Blinkie the Weatherball mascot. During the 6:00pm newscast, the "Game of the Week" is previewed. The 11:00pm newscast is shortened to one news segment and one weather segment. During the weather segment, cheerleaders join the meterologist on the weather deck. Here's the current format for "13 On Your Sidelines": =Major personalities= =Ownership= The station was founded by an investment group who called themselves West Michigan Telecasters. Over the years, the station was bought and sold numerous times: Gannett is the current owner of WZZM, as well as numerous other television stations.=References= =External links= ******************* ******************* Southside Place is a city located in Harris County, Texas . As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 1,546. Southside Place is completely surrounded by the cities of Houston and West University Place . As of 2000, Southside Place is the 14th wealthiest location in Texas by per capita income . Southside place functions as a bedroom community for middle and upper-middle class families. Many businesses are located in Southside Place; all are along Bellaire Boulevard. Southside Place is located at 29°42'35" North, 95°26'8" West (29.709629, -95.435442) . According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 0.6 km² (0.2 mi² ). 0.6 km² (0.2 mi²) of it is land and none of the area is covered with water. As of the census There are 618 households out of which 40.9% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.2% are married couples living together, 5.5% have a female householder with no husband present, and 40.1% are non-families. 38.5% of all households are made up of individuals and 18.3% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.50 and the average family size is 3.44. In the city the population is spread out with 33.2% under the age of 18, 3.2% from 18 to 24, 26.1% from 25 to 44, 26.3% from 45 to 64, and 11.2% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 39 years. For every 100 females there are 91.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 82.7 males. The median income for a household in the city is $81,267, and the median income for a family is $163,303. Males have a median income of $100,000 versus $48,654 for females. The per capita income for the city is $57,021. 5.3% of the population and 3.3% of families are below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 2.7% of those under the age of 18 and 12.7% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. Southside Place's city council meets on the second Tuesday of each month. The mayor and the city council are elected for two-year terms. Two and three vacancies are on the council on alternate years. Elections are held during the first Saturday in each May. Any qualified voter may be placed on the ballot for Mayor or a city council position. The Mayor and each council member receive a one U.S. dollar per year salary in accordance with a Texas state law which requires all city officials to receive a salary. The current (as of 2005) mayor is Richard Rothfelder. Jeffrey Elkin is the Mayor Pro Tem. Lisa Thornton Roy, Charles W. Evans, Champ D. Warren III, and Renato Pereira are the city council members. Southside Place is a member city of the Metropolitan Transit Authority of Harris County, Texas (METRO). The city is served by bus lines 2, 69, 70, and 73. Southside Place residents commute to Downtown Houston via Highway 59 or via Main Street. The city is served by Houston Independent School District and the Houston Community College System . Pupils who live in Southside Place north of Bellaire Boulevard are zoned to West University Elementary School in West University, and people who live in Southside Place south of Bellaire Boulevard are zoned to Mark Twain Elementary School in the Braeswood Place neighborhood of Houston. All Southside Place pupils are zoned to Pershing Middle School in Braeswood Place in Houston but they may attend Pin Oak Middle School in Bellaire instead of Pershing. Pupils in Southside Place who are west of Stella Link and south of Bellaire Boulevard are zoned to Bellaire High School in Bellaire, while all other pupils in Southside Place are zoned to Mirabeau B. Lamar High School (in Upper Kirby in Houston), also in Houston. Two early childhood center s, Gabriela Mistral Early Childhood Center, and Las Americas Early Childhood Development (both of which are in Houston's Gulfton neighborhood), are closest to the city of Southside Place. Since only poor students, homeless students, or students who are not proficient in English may be enrolled in HISD preschools, most Southside Place residents rely on private preschools. Beehive , preschool located on the grounds of West University Elementary, serves many pupils from West University Place, Southside Place, and other communities. Students who are eligible for HISD's preschools may attend any Early Childhood Center in Houston ISD. Southside Place is near three public libraries. Harris County Public Library system operates a branch in West University Place. The Houston Public Library system operates the McGovern-Stella Link branch in a nearby area in Houston. The city of Bellaire also operates its own library. Southside Place once had its own water tower . The water tower was dismantled in the 2000s. ******************* file_id: 136019 40.9% have child. file_id: 136019 53.2% be couple. file_id: 136019 couple live . file_id: 136019 male have income. file_id: 136019 election hold_PASS first_Saturday. file_id: 136019 voter place_PASS ballot. file_id: 136019 city serve_PASS bus_lines_2. file_id: 136019 pupil live Southside_Place_north. file_id: 136019 pupil be west. file_id: 136019 students_,_or_students be . file_id: 136019 Place_residents rely preschool. file_id: 136019 student be english. ******************* In mathematics, more specifically in abstract algebra, the concept of integrally closed has two meanings, one for groups and one for rings. An ordered group G is called integrally closed iff for all elements a and b of G, a n≤ b for arbitrary high natural n implies a≤ 1. This property is somewhat stronger than that an ordered group is archimedean. Though for a lattice-ordered group to be integrally closed and to be archimedean is equivalent. We have the surprising theorem that every integrally closed directed group is already abelian. This have to do with the fact that an directed group is embeddable into a complete lattice-ordered group iff it is integrally closed. Further every archimedean lattice-ordered group is abelian. A commutative ring R contained in a ring S is said to be integrally closed in S if every element of the integral closure of R in S is also in R. Typically if one refers to a domain being integrally closed without reference to an overring, it is meant that the ring is integrally closed in it's field of fractions. If the ring is not a domain, typically being integrally closed means that every local ring is an integrally closed domain. Sometimes a domain that is integrally closed is called "normal" if it is integrally closed and being thought of as a variety. In this respect, the normalization of a variety(or scheme) is simply the Spec of the integral closure of all of the rings. ******************* file_id: 1361980 theorem be . file_id: 1361980 group be . file_id: 1361980 ring be . ******************* : This article is about the fictional planet Char. For other uses, see Char (Disambiguation) Char is a planet in the StarCraft universe. It orbits a binary star system consisting of a yellow star and a blue star and is very tectonically active. Char is one of the richest resource nodes in the sector, as the tectonic activity continually uncovers deposits of minerals and geysers of Vespene. The temperatures on the planet Char can become so intense that large portions of the planet's surface become completely liquefied. During certain times, when the planet is furthest from the twin suns of the system, small islands form on top of these seas of magma. These bits of land are, not surprisingly, replete with minerals and greatly prized as sources of incredible wealth. When mineral deposits are melted, they can be seen protruding from the obsidian landscape, serving as both landmarks and rich mining fields. While harsh and hot, life does exist on this world, including plant life and the ragnasaur. Terrans can breathe the air without help. Char was selected as a base by the Zerg after they captured Sarah Kerrigan on Tarsonis, as it made a convenient hiding place, with many caverns and a harsh environment. However, Kerrigan emitted psionic energy, calling Jim Raynor and Arcturus Mengsk. This also gathered the attention of the Protoss— specifically Tassadar and Zeratul. Zeratul detected the Khalis crystal on the surface of the planet. Raynor's Raiders under Jim Raynor and the Terran Dominion Alpha Squadron under Edmund Duke both tried unsuccessfully save Kerrigan. Both were forced to flee, but Duke remained nearby, stubbornly trying to claim Char as a Terran Dominion border colony, probably due to its rich resources. Tassadar and Zeratul met and decided to ally against the Zerg. Meanwhile, Kerrigan had regained the use of her powers and was able to find the Protoss. She challenged Tassadar to a duel. Zasz noted something odd about Tassadar (probably his use of Dark Templar psionics) and cautioned Kerrigan, but she tried to fight him anyway. However, Tassadar had created an illusion of himself to lure her away from Zeratul, who was testing out his Dark Templar powers to see if they could kill Zerg Cerebrates. The Garm Brood went insane without its leader and the Zerg were forced to destroy them. This was the first time the Zerg Defiler was tested. In revenge, the Zerg hunted down the Protoss, killing most of them and capturing Zeratul. Tassadar was forced to hide out on a platform over Char. The Zerg Overmind travelled to Aiur, leaving Kerrigan in charge of the few Zerg left on Char. The Protoss, along with Jim Raynor, eventually returned for the arrest of Tassadar, but Tassadar convinced them to free Zeratul instead. After freeing Zeratul, the Protoss left the planet, but fate would bring them back. With the death of the Zerg Overmind on Aiur, Daggoth ordered several Cerebrates to fuse, forming a new Zerg Overmind. The Protoss would return to retrieve the Khalis crystal, while the United Earth Directorate would attack the planet in order to take the second Overmind prisoner. Infested Kerrigan travelled to the planet in order to destroy the second Overmind, accompanied by a force of Dark Templar. Kerrigan had captured their Matriarch, Raszagal, and so Zeratul and the Dark Templar had little choice but to work with her. They destroyed the second Overmind for her, but Kerrigan refused to allow Raszagal to return to her tribes. The Dark Templar spirited her away, but Kerrigan hunted her down, defeating the remnants of the United Earth Directorate fleet in the process. In order to find Raszagal, Kerrigan had recalled almost all of the Zerg from the orbital platform over Char to the surface. The Protoss were defeated, and Zeratul was forced to slay his own Matriarch. Shortly thereafter, fleets from the United Earth Directorate, Terran Dominion and Shakuras, led by Artanis, arrived, all seeking revenge now that Kerrigan was in a weak position. Kerrigan defeated the three forces in a titanic battle and solidified her position. ******************* file_id: 1363982 portion become . file_id: 1363982 deposit be sun. file_id: 1363982 mineral_deposits melt_PASS source. file_id: 1363982 terran breathe air. ******************* Leakey is a city located in Real County, Texas . As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 387. It is the county seat of Real County . Leakey is located at 29°43'31" North, 99°45'41" West (29.725243, -99.761463) . According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 1.5 km² (0.6 mi² ). 1.5 km² (0.6 mi²) of it is land and none of the area is covered with water. As of the census of 2000 , there are 387 people, 169 households, and 100 families residing in the city. The population density is 266.8/km² (694.8/mi²). There are 211 housing units at an average density of 145.5/km² (378.8/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 92.51% White , 0.52% African American , 1.03% Native American , 0.00% Asian , 0.00% Pacific Islander , 5.94% from other races , and 0.00% from two or more races. 22.74% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 169 households out of which 24.9% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.2% are married couples living together, 11.2% have a female householder with no husband present, and 40.8% are non-families. 39.1% of all households are made up of individuals and 23.7% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.29 and the average family size is 3.02. In the city the population is spread out with 25.6% under the age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 24, 21.2% from 25 to 44, 24.3% from 45 to 64, and 20.2% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 40 years. For every 100 females there are 84.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 83.4 males. The median income for a household in the city is $22,019, and the median income for a family is $25,417. Males have a median income of $17,500 versus $18,750 for females. The per capita income for the city is $11,511. 19.0% of the population and 9.8% of families are below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 25.6% of those under the age of 18 and 19.0% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. ******************* file_id: 136510 43.2% be couple. file_id: 136510 couple live . file_id: 136510 male have income. ******************* " Song 2" is a song and single by Blur. It was released from their eponymous fifth album, Blur on April 7, 1997. The song is named purely for the fact that it is the second song on the album, although it also happens to be two minutes and two seconds long. Because of the obscure title, which is not featured in the lyrics, it is widely believed to be called "Woohoo" or "Wayhoo" because of its chorus. Released on purple 7" vinyl record and 2 CD s; "Song 2" reached #2 (fittingly) in the UK singles chart and was the band's biggest hit in the USA, reaching #6 on Billboard's Modern Rock Tracks chart and #25 on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart."Song 2" was featured in Intel's promotional commercials for its Pentium processors, and in UK trailers for the film Starship Troopers . It was also in computer game from EA Sports" FIFA: Road To World Cup 98". In 2001 the song was memorably featured in one of BMW's wildly successful The Hire Internet films, "Star," directed by Guy Ritchie. Blur fans sometimes report that Song 2 is a satire on American pop rock music, a deliberate construction based on successful rock songs. The success of the song would testify to their triumph, as the song is not understood to be a satire of the majority of listeners. Some ironic critics suggest that this was a rumor started as a satire of "indie kids" who are too eager to criticize pop music and read too much into other music. Neither of these rumors has been confirmed. ******************* file_id: 1371211 construction base_PASS rock_songs. ******************* Vernon is a town located in Tooele County, Utah . As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 236. Vernon is located at 40°5'45" North, 112°27'0" West (40.095966, -112.450027) . According to the United States Census Bureau , the town has a total area of 19.5 km² (7.5 mi² ). 19.5 km² (7.5 mi²) of it is land and none of the area is covered with water. As of the census of 2000 , there are 236 people, 77 households, and 59 families residing in the town. The population density is 12.1/km² (31.4/mi²). There are 86 housing units at an average density of 4.4/km² (11.4/mi²). The racial makeup of the town is 94.07% White , 0.42% African American , 0.00% Native American , 0.42% Asian , 0.00% Pacific Islander , 2.54% from other races , and 2.54% from two or more races. 4.66% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 77 households out of which 42.9% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.8% are married couples living together, 7.8% have a female householder with no husband present, and 22.1% are non-families. 20.8% of all households are made up of individuals and 9.1% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 3.06 and the average family size is 3.62. In the town the population is spread out with 34.7% under the age of 18, 10.2% from 18 to 24, 22.5% from 25 to 44, 21.6% from 45 to 64, and 11.0% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 30 years. For every 100 females there are 91.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 94.9 males. The median income for a household in the town is $42,500, and the median income for a family is $43,500. Males have a median income of $38,333 versus $22,500 for females. The per capita income for the town is $13,053. 13.2% of the population and 10.7% of families are below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 21.5% of those under the age of 18 and 3.8% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. ******************* file_id: 137132 42.9% have child. file_id: 137132 68.8% be couple. file_id: 137132 couple live . file_id: 137132 male have income. ******************* Hillsboro is a town located in Loudoun County, Virginia . As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 96. Hillsboro is located at 39°11'54" North, 77°43'28" West (39.198347, -77.724391) . According to the United States Census Bureau , the town has a total area of 0.2 km² (0.1 mi² ). 0.2 km² (0.1 mi²) of it is land and none of the area is covered with water. As of the census of 2000 , there are 96 people, 39 households, and 28 families residing in the town. The population density is 411.8/km² (1,017.9/mi²). There are 41 housing units at an average density of 175.9/km² (434.7/mi²). The racial makeup of the town is 96.88% White , and 3.12% African American . There are 39 households out of which 28.2% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.1% are married couples living together, 5.1% have a female householder with no husband present, and 28.2% are non-families. 20.5% of all households are made up of individuals and 15.4% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.46 and the average family size is 2.75. In the town the population is spread out with 19.8% under the age of 18, 8.3% from 18 to 24, 28.1% from 25 to 44, 30.2% from 45 to 64, and 13.5% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 41 years. For every 100 females there are 84.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 92.5 males. The median income for a household in the town is $54,375, and the median income for a family is $71,875. Males have a median income of $60,833 versus $27,250 for females. The per capita income for the town is $44,455. 10.0% of the population and 11.1% of families are below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 25.0% of those under the age of 18 and 0.0% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. ******************* file_id: 137669 64.1% be couple. file_id: 137669 couple live . file_id: 137669 male have income. ******************* Coulee City is a town located in Grant County, Washington . As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 600. Coulee City was officially incorporated on May 10 , 1907 . Coulee City is located at 47°36'43" North, 119°17'27" West (47.611942, -119.290904) . According to the United States Census Bureau , the town has a total area of 2.6 km² (1.0 mi² ). 2.6 km² (1.0 mi²) of it is land and none of the area is covered with water. As of the census of 2000 , there are 600 people, 271 households, and 162 families residing in the town. The population density is 234.0/km² (605.0/mi²). There are 351 housing units at an average density of 136.9/km² (353.9/mi²). The racial makeup of the town is 94.83% White , 1.00% African American , 0.83% Native American , 0.33% Asian , 0.50% Pacific Islander , 0.17% from other races , and 2.33% from two or more races. 2.83% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 271 households out of which 25.5% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.3% are married couples living together, 10.3% have a female householder with no husband present, and 39.9% are non-families. 36.2% of all households are made up of individuals and 18.5% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.21 and the average family size is 2.87. In the town the population is spread out with 24.0% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 21.7% from 25 to 44, 23.7% from 45 to 64, and 23.0% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 42 years. For every 100 females there are 102.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 99.1 males. The median income for a household in the town is $25,938, and the median income for a family is $42,500. Males have a median income of $31,375 versus $17,250 for females. The per capita income for the town is $14,411. 22.1% of the population and 14.9% of families are below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 29.2% of those under the age of 18 and 11.7% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. ******************* file_id: 137912 48.3% be couple. file_id: 137912 couple live . file_id: 137912 male have income. ******************* Brandon is a village in County Durham, in England. It is situated a short distance to the south-west of Durham Brandon originally one of the seven townships within the ancient Parish of Brancepeth, grew from a sparcely populated agricultural area into a populous mining district after the establishment of collieries and later coke & fireclay works. Untill the 19th century Brandon village, formally known, as East Brandon was one of the larger settlements in Brancepeth Parish. Brandon was also a manor of the medievel lordship of Brancepeth and as such was possessed by the Neville family, the Earls of Westmoreland, while Holywell, Langley, Littleburn and other such localities were the sites of large freehold gentry houses. After the northern rising of 1569, Elizabeth Ist confiscated Brancepeth Castle and its territories, which were administered as Crown Lands untill the 1620's and plundered by a series of courtiers and Royal lesses, these lands were conveyed to the City of London in 1628-29, when Charles Ist was forced to redeem his debts to the city. The Brancepeth lands were then broken up in a series of sales to London merchants and financiers who in turn resold to local buyers at high profits. The one exception to these sales was the fate of Brandon manor which remained in the hands of its London buyer. A silk merchant, Edward Cropley, bought the whole estate of Brandon manor for £1,700 in 1630, and his family held onto the property till 1710, It was then conveyed to the Earl of Shaftsbury and remained in his family until the 1800,s In 1796, William Russell a coal owner retired from mining on Tyneside and spent part of his fortune on buying and restructuring Brancepeth Castle. He set about repurchasing as much as possible of the old lordship broken up in the sales of the 1630's. In 1806, he purchased the Brandon estate from the then Earl of Shaftsbury for £105,000. Russell's granddaughter married into the Irish peerage, and the name Hamilton-Russell and the title 'Viscount Boyne' became connected with the district, In 1801, the Brandon & Byshottles population was 522; in 1811, 435; in 1851; 525 in 1881; then rose to 10,850; and in 1891, was 14,240. There had been a decline in population during the 1830's being due to the removal of workmen, who had been engaged on the rebuilding and enlargement of Brancepeth Castle with the population falling to 427. The stone for this bulding work had been quarried in Brandon Village and Sawmills lane is thought to have been constructed as a more direct route for the carting of stone to Brancepeth. The great majority of the local workforce was engaged in agriculture, when the lessee of Brandon's coal seams was as much a farmer as he was a collier, it is recorded that John Shaw was operating a landsale pit in 1836 using a whim-gin usually employing horses to raise the coal to the surface, but apparently Shaw used a bull which was available from the farm. It was to be the 1850's when the area was to experience a dramatic change, as the iron and manufacturing industries required coal and coke in ever increasing quantities entrepreneurs like the Newcastle firm of Straker and Love, obtained the site that was to become Brandon colliery sinking the 'A' shaft in 1856 and the 'C' pit in 1860 working the Hutton, Busty, and Brockwell seams of coal, In 1894, 1150; men and boys were employed at this colliery. Brandon Pit house was sunk in 1924 and finally coal mining came to an end at Brandon on 15th March 1968. Other firms arrived to take leases, Bell Brothers of Newcastle and Middlesbrough, commenced sinking at Browney colliery in 1871, with coal being drawn in 1873 from three shafts working the Brockwell, Busty, and Hutton seams. The firm was taken over by Dorman Long & Co. ltd in 1923, In 1930, 625 were employed at the colliery, in July 1938 the pit closed due to flooding, while the North Brancepeth coal company secured the lease to Littleburn colliery sinking the engineer shaft in 1870, to the Busty seam to be followed by the merchant shaft to the brockwell in 1871. In 1931, the company went into liquidation, and the pit was re-opened by Bearpark coal and coke Co ltd, on a smaller scale to work the busty seam, until flooding from the river Browney, forced its closure in December 1950. It was to be in May 1877, under a newly confirmed provisional order that Brandon & Byshottles Parish was formed into a local government district governed by a local board and to finally breakaway from the Parish of Brancepeth, the local board was superceded by the forming of the Urban District Council after the passing of the local government act of 1894. The Brandon & Byshottles Urban District Council continued until it was amalgamated with Durham City and Durham Rural Councils to form the City of Durham District Council in 1974, the Brandon & Byshottles Parish Council today represents the area vist http://members.fortunecity.com/brandon_archive/ . ******************* file_id: 1385658 men_and_boys employ_PASS colliery. ******************* Barksdale is a town located in Bayfield County, Wisconsin . As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 801. According to the United States Census Bureau , the town has a total area of 171.8 km² (66.3 mi² ). 143.1 km² (55.2 mi²) of it is land and 28.7 km² (11.1 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 16.73% water. As of the census 2 of 2000 , there are 801 people, 303 households, and 232 families residing in the town. The population density is 5.6/km² (14.5/mi²). There are 353 housing units at an average density of 2.5/km² (6.4/mi²). The racial makeup of the town is 96.63% White , 0.12% African American , 1.00% Native American , 0.37% Asian , 0.00% Pacific Islander , 0.00% from other races , and 1.87% from two or more races. 0.50% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 303 households out of which 31.7% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.3% are married couples living together, 3.0% have a female householder with no husband present, and 23.4% are non-families. 17.8% of all households are made up of individuals and 7.6% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.64 and the average family size is 2.97. In the town the population is spread out with 25.6% under the age of 18, 6.4% from 18 to 24, 25.7% from 25 to 44, 31.2% from 45 to 64, and 11.1% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 40 years. For every 100 females there are 98.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 100.7 males. The median income for a household in the town is $45,714, and the median income for a family is $48,875. Males have a median income of $38,194 versus $24,722 for females. The per capita income for the town is $19,680. 2.2% of the population and 0.0% of families are below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 0.0% of those under the age of 18 and 2.8% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. ******************* file_id: 138704 69.3% be couple. file_id: 138704 couple live . file_id: 138704 male have income. ******************* The french white plan( plan blanc) is, in France, the emergency plan to face a sudden increase of activity in an hospital, such as a massive arrival of casualties due to an accident or a disaster(who may come by their own means to the emergency department or are evacuated by a red plan), an epidemic or a lasting climatic event that becomes deadly for fragile people such as a heatwave. The white plans are defined by each health institution, public or private, by a person chosen by the institution. The plan is submitted to the consultative and deliberative authorities of the institution (board of directors, medical committee, technical committee, hygiene, security and working conditions committee). The scheme of the white plans for the département is made by the local director of public health ( directeur départemental des affaires sanitaires et sociales), with the technical collaboration of the samu(french emergency medical service). Once it is started, the white plan is managed by the samu. The actions performed by the institution include: In case of a contaminating event ( nuclear, radiological, biological or chemical— NBC), the flow of incoming patients must be strictly controlled to avoid the contamination of the rest of the institution. The terrorist acts are likely to happen at the end of the afternoon, to "benefit" from the mass media coverage of the evening news (at 8 PM, " le 20h"). In this case, keeping the day shift allows to have two shifts at the same time when the evening shift arrives. ******************* file_id: 1389901 epidemic become people. file_id: 1389901 scheme make_PASS director. ******************* City Point is a town located in Jackson County, Wisconsin . As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 189. According to the United States Census Bureau , the town has a total area of 233.7 km² (90.2 mi² ). 230.8 km² (89.1 mi²) of it is land and 3.0 km² (1.1 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 1.26% water. As of the census 2 of 2000 , there are 189 people, 83 households, and 54 families residing in the town. The population density is 0.8/km² (2.1/mi²). There are 104 housing units at an average density of 0.5/km² (1.2/mi²). The racial makeup of the town is 96.30% White , 0.53% African American , 1.59% Native American , 0.00% Asian , 0.00% Pacific Islander , 0.53% from other races , and 1.06% from two or more races. 1.59% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 83 households out of which 16.9% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.2% are married couples living together, 2.4% have a female householder with no husband present, and 34.9% are non-families. 30.1% of all households are made up of individuals and 18.1% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.28 and the average family size is 2.83. In the town the population is spread out with 18.0% under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 25.4% from 25 to 44, 28.6% from 45 to 64, and 21.7% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 46 years. For every 100 females there are 96.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 106.7 males. The median income for a household in the town is $33,750, and the median income for a family is $46,071. Males have a median income of $32,500 versus $25,625 for females. The per capita income for the town is $16,911. 6.9% of the population and 0.0% of families are below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 0.0% of those under the age of 18 and 15.2% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. ******************* file_id: 139159 16.9% have child. file_id: 139159 60.2% be couple. file_id: 139159 couple live . file_id: 139159 male have income. ******************* Kendall is a village located in Monroe County, Wisconsin . As of the 2000 census, the village had a total population of 469. Kendall is located at 43°47'38" North, 90°22'9" West (43.793890, -90.369226) . According to the United States Census Bureau , the village has a total area of 1.9 km² (0.7 mi² ). 1.9 km² (0.7 mi²) of it is land and none of the area is covered with water. As of the census of 2000 , there are 469 people, 200 households, and 126 families residing in the village. The population density is 244.7/km² (632.2/mi²). There are 213 housing units at an average density of 111.1/km² (287.1/mi²). The racial makeup of the village is 99.79% White , 0.00% African American , 0.00% Native American , 0.00% Asian , 0.21% Pacific Islander , 0.00% from other races , and 0.00% from two or more races. 0.64% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 200 households out of which 31.0% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.0% are married couples living together, 5.5% have a female householder with no husband present, and 37.0% are non-families. 33.0% of all households are made up of individuals and 17.5% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.33 and the average family size is 2.98. In the village the population is spread out with 24.3% under the age of 18, 9.0% from 18 to 24, 27.3% from 25 to 44, 21.1% from 45 to 64, and 18.3% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 39 years. For every 100 females there are 95.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 99.4 males. The median income for a household in the village is $36,250, and the median income for a family is $43,393. Males have a median income of $30,000 versus $20,938 for females. The per capita income for the village is $21,073. 11.6% of the population and 8.5% of families are below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 13.5% of those under the age of 18 and 16.9% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. ******************* file_id: 139438 53.0% be couple. file_id: 139438 couple live . file_id: 139438 male have income. ******************* Wheatland is a town located in Vernon County, Wisconsin . As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 533. According to the United States Census Bureau , the town has a total area of 71.5 km² (27.6 mi² ). 68.7 km² (26.5 mi²) of it is land and 2.8 km² (1.1 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 3.98% water. As of the census 2 of 2000 , there are 533 people, 236 households, and 160 families residing in the town. The population density is 7.8/km² (20.1/mi²). There are 360 housing units at an average density of 5.2/km² (13.6/mi²). The racial makeup of the town is 98.31% White , 0.00% African American , 0.19% Native American , 0.19% Asian , 0.00% Pacific Islander , 0.56% from other races , and 0.75% from two or more races. 1.31% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 236 households out of which 20.8% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.1% are married couples living together, 6.4% have a female householder with no husband present, and 31.8% are non-families. 27.1% of all households are made up of individuals and 12.3% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.26 and the average family size is 2.74. In the town the population is spread out with 19.9% under the age of 18, 4.3% from 18 to 24, 19.7% from 25 to 44, 37.3% from 45 to 64, and 18.8% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 47 years. For every 100 females there are 105.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 103.3 males. The median income for a household in the town is $35,500, and the median income for a family is $40,000. Males have a median income of $30,583 versus $17,708 for females. The per capita income for the town is $19,247. 7.9% of the population and 4.9% of families are below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 16.3% of those under the age of 18 and 7.5% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. ******************* file_id: 139880 58.1% be couple. file_id: 139880 couple live . file_id: 139880 male have income. ******************* Maine West High School is a public coeducational high school in Des Plaines, Illinois. Along with sister schools Maine East High School and Maine South High School, Maine West has among the highest per-student expenditures in the state, at over $14,000 spent by the township for each student. The historical mean student population of the school in the last five years is around 2,300; the school in its current layout can host a maximum of 2,500, however, some people believe the school is currently overcrowded. It is claimed by the Maine West Alumni Association website that the school was designed to host over 4,000 students. Built in 1959, in part to the United States's increasing emphasis on the education of hard sciences to compete against the Soviet Union during the Cold War, Maine West holds many Cold War-era characteristics. The basement level of the school, currently a fitness center (and affectionately called "The Pit"), was designed to be used as a fallout shelter capable of protecting 1,000 people in the event of a nuclear incident. Maine West has an indirect connection to one of the darkest chapters in modern American history. During the mid-1970's, the area near Des Plaines was the area where serial killer John Wayne Gacy killed some 33 young men. The investigation into Gacy began in 1978 with the disappearance of a Maine West student named Robert Priest. Lt. Joseph Kozenczak of the Des Plaines Police Department was the lead investigator who made the initial connection to Gacy and Priest's disappearance. After obtaining a search warrant for his Chicago home, a search turned up, among other things, a Maine West High School "Class of '75" ring with the initials "JAS" inscribed. The ring was identified as having belonged to another missing person, 19 year old John Szyc. This was one of the critical pieces of evidence that led police to believe that they were dealing with a potential multiple murderer, and not just a single "missing persons" case. As a result, resources for investigating Gacy increased leading to his arrest and likely saving many lives. Maine West was also the high school of the wise Tim Beals, infamous in 2005 for setting up a Slip n' Slide in the caf in, and going down it, as part of Senior Week. Beals was mentioned in two of the three graduation speeches (both made by Maine Scholars Christa Humbert and David Post), and will go down in history as one of Maine West's favorite senior pranks. Sadly however, no one from the 2005 class remembers it. So it wasn't that cool. Sorry Tim Beals! The floor plan is based around a central common area, with the cafeteria on the first floor and a 1,000 occupant auditorium on the second. Academic wings branch off a central rotunda; Upper A-wing is devoted to foreign languages and the English as a Second Language program. Upper B-wing houses the mathematics department the English department workroom and some English classes. Upper C-wing contains the majority of the English class rooms, and houses the social science department. D-wing has technology classrooms. Upper E-wing houses performing arts, while lower E houses visual arts. Lower A and B-wings contain the science classrooms; Lower C-wing contain vocational classrooms and driver's education. At the end of E-wing is the spectator gym. The library (known as the Learning Resource Center) has its own wing, L-wing. The 1st floor of L-wing has a Distance Learning Lab (with video hookups), a small theatre and assorted classrooms, one with a small stage. The 1st floor also houses the Technology Center, which used to be the Rotary Reading Room until it was remodeled in the 90s to accommodate a new computer lab. The 2nd floor of L-wing houses the library stacks proper. Each academic wing (A, B and C) has a gymnasium at the end. There are five computer labs for student use. Two are in the Write Place and Learning Resource Center each, the another is in the Tech Center. There are offices for Student Council, the Westerner(the student newspaper) and the Legend(the yearbook). There are two small courtyards between H and L-wings, one is used as a outdoor eating area. The original building has been expanded over the years. E-wing, the fine arts center of the school, and the spectator gym were built after the school opened to accommodate home athletics events and West's increasing interest in the fine arts. In 2003, H-wing was completed, adding additional science labs, traditional classrooms, a new food lab and a large general purpose room. Current construction projects include a new outdoor eating area outside the pool deck, which as of Spring 2005, is in the landscaping stage. More construction may be planned in the next 10-15 years to accommodate more space for the school. Prospective phases of construction may include second floors for H and D-wings and a fieldhouse. Maine West prides itself in its devotion to educating low income, ESL/minority students, and middle-class to upper-middle class areas of Des Plaines, and Rosemont. Maine West, however, has failed President George W. Bush's No Child Left Behind education reform policy in 2003 because of testing inadequacies that require non-English speakers to test at the level of regular and honors ( Advanced Placement and accelerated track) students. However, Maine West has easily passed President Bush's, "No Child Left Behind" policy in every aspect of teaching, besides having non-English speakers perform as well if not better than native English speakers. Maine West hopes to leave NCLB probation for lower non-english speaking test scores, before the end of the decade. Maine West competes in varsity athletics in the Central Suburban North Conference, against such notable schools like Glenbrook North High School, Deerfield High School, Highland Park High School, and others. Maine West has been IHSA champions in girls basketball( 1988?), baseball( 1960?) and badminton. Maine West is one of five schools in the state of Illinois to compete in varsity fencing(the others being New Trier, Adlai E. Stevenson High School, Homewood Flossmoor, and Marian Central Catholic High School). Maine West High School website ******************* file_id: 1400809 student_population be student_expenditures. file_id: 1400809 Maine_West hold Cold_War. file_id: 1400809 Upper_A devote_PASS language. file_id: 1400809 d have technology_classrooms. file_id: 1400809 Lower_A_and_B contain science_classrooms. file_id: 1400809 construction_projects include eating_area. file_id: 1400809 phase include floor. file_id: 1400809 child leave policy. file_id: 1400809 Maine_West compete varsity_athletics. ******************* Legislative elections were held in Denmark on February 8, 2005. Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen's Venstre regained the largest number of seats in parliament. The governing coalition between the Venstre and the Conservative People's Party remained intact. They will likely be supported by the Danish People's Party, which gained 2 seats. The Danish Social Liberal Party made the biggest gains of any party, although it remains outside the governing group of parties. The election marked the second time in a row that the Social Democrats were not the largest party in the parliament, a change from most of the 20th century. The party lost 5 seats and leader Mogens Lykketoft resigned immediately after the election. The prime minister called the elections on January 18. He claimed that he would have called it earlier, but the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake which killed a number of Danes delayed it. Rasmussen still had almost a year left in his term, but said he wanted to call the election before municipal elections in November. His reasoning was that he wanted a clear mandate for the municipal and county government restructuring that his government was implementing. From the last election the governing coalition of Venstre and the Conservative People's Party had 94 of the 175 seats together with the supporting Danish People's Party. The election increased their mandate to 95 out of 179. (+/-) - Difference in seats from 2001 election. The participation rate was 84.4%. An additional four members are elected to represent Greenland and the Faroe Islands. They are directly elected on election day. From Greenland Lars Emil Johansen from Siumut won one seat and Kuupik Kleist from Inuit Community won the other. From the Faroe Islands Høgni Hoydal, from the Republican Party won a seat and Anfinn Kallsberg from the People's Party won the last seat. 63 out of the 179 members of the new folketing are newly elected. Although women make up 38% of the total, several women hold prominent positions, notably Pia Kjærsgaard, leader of the third largest party. Marianne Jelved(leader of the Danish Social Liberal Party (Radikale Venstre)), Connie Hedegaard( Minister of the Environment), Pernille Rosenkrantz-Theil(front figure of Unity List - The Red-Greens) and Helle Thorning-Schmidt(later elected as leader of Social Democrats) are other important woman in the parliament. A couple of parties, including the social democrats are holding leadership races which may be won by women. 9 of the top 20 candidates, in terms of personal votes, were women. Following the election, Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen reformed his cabinet as the Cabinet of Anders Fogh Rasmussen II. Venstre, the party of the prime minister, campaigned on their municipal restructuring plan, as well as a continuation of the "tax-freeze" and tight immigration requirements. They also promised to see 60,000 jobs created during a second term. The largest opposition party, the Social Democrats led by Mogens Lykketoft focused on employment, which they claim has decreased under the current government. The Danish People's Party, who support the Venstre- Conservative coalition, criticized the "tax-freeze" but agreed, conditionally, to support it for another parliamentary term. They also wanted increasingly tough immigration restrictions. ******************* file_id: 1407687 election hold_PASS Denmark. file_id: 1407687 woman hold position. file_id: 1407687 democrat hold leadership_races. file_id: 1407687 leadership_races win_PASS woman. ******************* " Blurry" is a song released by nu metal group, Puddle of Mudd in July, 2001. "Blurry" is about a breakup, and cowardice. Wes Scantlin(lead singer), is seen playing and talking with his son Jordan Scantlin. The song was primarily written about his son and how he misses him."Blurry" has been featured as one of the main songs in the Namco Flight-arcade shooting video game, Ace Combat 5: Unsung War, it also became the tribute song of the 2004 Tsunami, which killed about 150,00-270,000 people in Indonesia, Thailand, Sri Lanka, India, and Malaysia, and many others. Sound bytes were added from news coverage from the Tsunami. ******************* file_id: 1415275 byte add_PASS news_coverage. ******************* Hahn is a lunar impact crater that is located near the northeastern limb of the Moon. The crater appears oval when viewed from the Earth due to foreshortening. It is located less than one crater diameter to the southeast of Berosus crater, a slightly smaller formation. The inner wall of Hahn crater contains a system of terraces, particularly in the southern half. A smaller crater lies across the northwest rim, forming a break that reaches the interior floor. The interior floor has a region of lower albedo in the northern half, making it darker in appearance than the southern section of the floor. At the mid-point of the interior is an elongated central ridge, with the longer extent oriented north-south. The floor is also marked by several tiny craterlets. By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater mid-point that is closest to Hahn crater. ******************* file_id: 1421677 feature identify_PASS lunar_maps. ******************* Hausa is the Chadic language with the largest number of speakers, spoken as a first language by about 24 million people, and as a second language by about 15 million more. Hausa belongs to the West Chadic languages subgroup of the Chadic languages group, which in turn is part of the Afro-Asiatic language family. Native speakers of Hausa are mostly to be found in the African country of Niger and in the north of Nigeria, but the language is widely used as a lingua franca(similar to Wolof in Senegal) in a much larger swathe of West Africa, particularly amongst Muslims. Hausa is an official language in the north of Nigeria. Eastern Hausa dialects include Kano, Katagum and Hadejiya. Western Hausa dialects include Sokoto, Katsina, Gobirawa, Adarawa, Kebbawa and Zamfarawa. Northern Hausa dialects include Arewa and Arawa. Barikanchi is a pidgin used in the military. Hausa has glottalic consonants at four or five places of articulation(depending on the dialect), which are not accommodated by the standard Latin alphabet. They require movement of the throat during pronunciation and have a staccato sound. Each of these is similar to an English consonant and therefore they are written as modified versions of Latin letters. They can also be denoted with an apostrophe, either before or after depending on the letter, as shown below. See the individual articles on pronunciation. b' / , an implosive consonant, IPA , or sometimes d' / , an implosive , sometimes ts', an ejective consonant, according to the dialect; ch', an ejective (does not occur in Kano dialect) k' / , an ejective are separate consonants; 'y is not actually a glottalized , but rather a palatalized glottal stop, Hausa is a tone language. Each of its five vowels a, e, i, o and u may have low tone, high tone and falling tone. For representing tones the French accented vowels may be used:à è ì ò ù (low tone) á é í ó ú (high tone) â ê î ô û (falling tone) In general writing tone is often not marked. However it is needed for disambiguation in some cases. Hausa has had a written form for more than 200 years, at first with a variant of Arabic script called Ajami , but this has largely been superseded by a Latin alphabet which was introduced at the beginning of the 20th century. There are three additional consonants which are added to the basic Latin alphabet: ɓ, ɗ and ƙ. ******************* file_id: 14216 speaker be . file_id: 14216 Hausa have consonant. ******************* The AllSpark is the Transformers afterlife, a term from the Beast Machines animated series, comprising part of the Transformers universe. Although the concept of the Transformers afterlife was briefly touched upon in the original series and Beast Wars series, it was not until Beast Machines that the whole concept was laid out. The Autobot Matrix of Leadership, as seen in the original series, was not merely a receptacle for the consciousness of deceased Autobot leaders - it was a gateway that led to the AllSpark - also called the Matrix - the Transformers afterlife, from which all sparks that had ever existed or ever would exist originated. Possessing a sentience, the AllSpark had sent Sparks out into the world, to live. And when the Transformer would pass on, their Spark would return to the AllSpark, and share with it all that it had experienced, thereby adding to the timeless font of knowledge and wisdom. It is apparent that ALL Transformers, not merely "good" ones, go to the Matrix. The term "AllSpark" was created by writer Robert N. Skir, and first appeared in a July 21, 1999 web page when responding to a fan question about the TV series Beast Machines. He explained that the Beast Machines entity called The Oracle was actually the AllSpark, consisting of "the spark of every transformer who has ever lived, or ever will live". In a November 6, 1999 web page, he said that the Matrix was something called the AllSpark and was "made up of every Spark that ever was, and every Spark that ever will be". The Allspark is also referred to as "The Matrix", which is a different thing from the other two bearers of the name, which are: ******************* file_id: 1424392 AllSpark send_PASS spark. ******************* Lucy Alexis Liu (born December 2 , 1968 in New York City , New York ) is a Chinese American actress, who starred in the TV series Ally McBeal and in the 2000 film Charlie's Angels . Her Chinese name is Liú Yùlíng (劉玉玲). She was raised in Queens, New York by Chinese immigrant parents, and attended New York City 's famous Stuyvesant High School . She attended New York University for one year, transferred to University of Michigan at Ann Arbor , and graduated with a degree in Asian languages and cultures. Liu is widely considered the most prominent Asian-American actress in American media. She had small stints in films and TV roles before landing a break on Ally McBeal . Liu's role on the series was originally not meant to be a regular, but the enthusiastic audience response to the actress' feisty Ling Woo secured Lucy as a prominent cast member. She became more famous with her turn as Alex in the Charlie's Angels movie, starring alongside more established modern Hollywood icons Drew Barrymore and Cameron Diaz . The sequel to the film , however, opened to poor reviews and box office receipts. Lucy was also paid sixteen million dollars less for her work in Charlie's Angels than co-star Cameron Diaz. Liu starred with Antonio Banderas in Ballistic: Ecks vs. Sever , a critical and box-office failure that was remarkable only in its casting of two minorities as the lead roles. Liu had a hit as Princess Pei-Pei in Shanghai Noon . Lucy is perhaps most famous for her role as O-Ren Ishii in director Quentin Tarantino 's Kill Bill films. The first installment of the Kill Bill films, Volume 1 , exposed Lucy as a more serious and physically adept actress than had been evident from her previous roles. She won an MTV Movie Award , further solidifying her fame with young, hip audiences, for "Best Movie Villain". Lucy recently appeared on several episodes of "Joey" with Matt LeBlanc , who played her love interest in the Charlie's Angels movies. She also had a small role opposite Keira Knightley in the thriller Domino . Liu is currently in talks to recreate the Charlie Chan series for modern audiences. Although Liu is not married, rumors in the past have linked her with George Clooney . Recently, there was news that she is engaged to a New York playwright, Zach Helm. ******************* file_id: 142548 Liu be talk. file_id: 142548 rumor link_PASS George_Clooney. file_id: 142548 rumor engage_PASS playwright. ******************* An agency shop a place of employment where workers must pay union dues whether they are a member of a labor union or not. This mandatory payment is sometimes called the Rand formula. The first agency shop was established at the Ford Motor Company plant in Ontario, Canada, in 1946. ******************* file_id: 1429202 agency_shop pay union_dues. ******************* Sport-Club Freiburg is a football club that was founded in 1904. The club is based in Freiburg, Baden-Württemberg. Until 1978 they played in amateur leagues, from 1978 to 1993 in the Second Bundesliga, and from 1993 on in the Bundesliga, besides the 1997/ 1998 and the 2002/ 2003 season. The club's greatest success was reaching the UEFA Cup in 1995 and 2001. Their manager, Volker Finke is the longest serving manager in the history of professional football in Germany, managing Freiburg since 1991. In 2004-05 Freiburg was again relegated when they finished last in the Bundesliga. But despite this setback, the club's chairman, Achim Stocker, hangs on to Volker Finke. nds:SC Freiburg ******************* file_id: 1438835 -_W_ü_rttemberg play league. ******************* Slangerup is a municipality ( Danish : kommune ) in Frederiksborg County in the northern part of the island of Zealand ( Sjælland ) in eastern Denmark . The municipality covers an area of 46 km² , and has a total population of 9,237 (2005). The current mayor (2005) is Bent Lund, a member of the Venstre (Liberal) Party . The municipal council meets in the town of Slangerup. Neighboring municipalities are Allerød to the east, Hillerød and Skævinge to the north, Frederikssund to the west, and Ølstykke and Stenløse to the south. Slangerup Municipality will cease to exist at midnight on 31 December 2006 . As part of the 2007 Municipal Reform ( Kommunalreformen ) the municipality, together with those of Jægerspris and Skibby , will from 1 January 2007 be merged with the existing Frederikssund Municipality . This will create a municipality with an area of 260 km² and a total population of ca. 44,140. The new municipality will belong to the new Region Hovedstaden ("Capital Region"). The town was established by the Viking Slangir at the time of Harald Bluetooth . King Eric I of Denmark (ca. 1070 -July 1103 ), was born in Slangerup. In the 1200s the town was the scene of activities involving both Bishop Absalon and Valdemar the Great . Thomas Kingo grew up and was priest in the town during the 1600s. ******************* file_id: 144305 Neighboring_municipalities be Aller_ø. ******************* Air Djibouti(Red Sea Airlines) was an airline based in Djibouti and was the national carrier of the Republic of Djibouti. The airline was formed in July 1971 when Air Somalia(founded in 1962 by Air France and Les Messageries Maritimes) took over the previous Air Djibouti (formed in 1963). Shareholding was reorganised following independence in June 1973. The airline was reorganised in 1997 as Air Djibouti (Red Sea Airlines). Air Djibouti operated international scheduled passenger and cargo services from Djibouti to Aden, Addis Ababa, Borama, Burao, Cairo, Hargeisa, Mogadishu, Paris, Sanaa and Sharjah. In the past the airline had at various times DHC Twin Otter, Antonov An-24 RV, Antonov An-26 B, Ilyushin IL-18, Boeing 727, Boeing 737-200 and McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32 (in the early 1990s) aircraft. In 1998 the airline acquired an Airbus A310 used on the Djibouti to Paris and other routes, which was their last known aircraft. ******************* file_id: 1460269 passenger_and_cargo_services have time. file_id: 1460269 passenger_and_cargo_services use djiboutus. ******************* Powidl(or Powidel, from Czech povidla) is a plum stew. Unlike jam or marmelade, and unlike the German Pflaumenmus(plum puree), powidl is prepared without additional sweeteners or gelling agents. Powidl is cooked for several hours, in order to achieve the necessary sweetness and consistency. The plums used should be harvested as late as possible, ideally after the first frosts, in order to ensure they contain enough sugar. In Austria and Bohemia, powidl is the basis for Buchtels, koláč, powidl cake and Germknödel, but it is also used as a sandwich spread. Powidl will keep for a long time, especially if kept in traditional crockery. Traditionally, large amounts of powidl to be used as a winter store and natural sweetener were prepared in late autumn during a communal event. Since constantly stirring the stew was exhausting work, people took turns, and did easier work in between turns. The Czech term povidla is plural only, and is derived from povídat, which means to tell stories. Translated from the Powidl|corresponding article in the German Wikipedia, retrieved February 4, 2005. ******************* file_id: 1465670 powidl prepare_PASS sweeteners_or_gelling_agents. file_id: 1465670 amount use_PASS winter_store. file_id: 1465670 people take turn. ******************* Christian ecumenism is the promotion of unity or cooperation between distinct religious groups or denominations of the Christian religion, more or less broadly defined. For the purposes of this article, ecumenism in this sense is distinguished from interfaith pluralism , for reasons discussed immediately below. Because the meanings of " Christianity " are diverse, the description of what is meant by "Christian ecumenism" can take any of several directions. On the one hand, ecumenism is "interfaith dialogue" between representatives of diverse faiths, not necessarily with the intention of reconciling the professors of other faiths into full, organic unity with one another but simply to promote better relations. With some Christian perspectives on ecumenism, there is no other principle of ecumenism than this. They aim only toward the promotion of toleration, mutual respect and cooperation, whether between Christian churches and denominations, or between Christianity and other faiths. Thus, the World Council of Churches is an instrument in both the Ecumenical Movement and the Interfaith Movement. However, this is not the case for all Christian ecumenical initiatives. It would be difficult if not impossible to discuss them together, since much of the Christian world makes a definite difference between the two ideas. Therefore, readers are referred to the thorough discussion of ecumenism in the sense of the promotion of mutual appreciation and improvement between diverse religions , under the entry on religious pluralism . On the other hand, ecumenism means the aim to reconcile all who profess Christian faith, into a single, visible organization, for example, through union with the Roman Catholic Church , or the Orthodox Church . Ecumenism in this sense focuses on the special problem of the relationship between Christian denominations, where Christianity is dogmatically defined. For a significantly representative part of the Christian world, the highest aim of the Christian faith is the reconciliation of all divided humanity into a full and conscious union with one Christian Church, visibly united in the sense of governmental accountability between all of its parts and the whole. At a minimum, the desire is expressed in many places by official Christendom, that all who profess faith in Christ in sincerity, would be more fully cooperative and mutually correcting of one another. Christian ecumenism can be described in terms of the three largest divisions of Christianity: Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and Protestant. While this underemphasizes the complexity of these divisions, it is a useful model. Ecumenism for the Eastern Orthodox did not begin with the Roman Catholic Second Vatican Council . It is the Eastern Orthodox churches' work to embrace estranged communions as (possibly former) beneficiaries of a common gift, and simultaneously to guard against a promiscuous and false union with them. The history of the relationship between Eastern Orthodoxy and the Oriental Orthodox churches is a case in point. Likewise, the Eastern Orthodox have been leaders in the Interfaith movement, and some Orthodox patriarchs enlisted their communions as charter members of the World Council of Churches . Nevertheless, the Orthodox have not been willing to participate in any redefinition of the Christian faith toward a reduced, minimal, anti-dogmatic and anti-traditional Christianity. Christianity for the Eastern Orthodox is the Church; and the Church is Orthodoxy -- nothing less and nothing else. Therefore, while Orthodox ecumenism is "open to dialogue with the devil himself", the goal is to reconcile all non-Orthodox back into Orthodoxy. One way to observe the attitude of the Orthodox Church towards non-Orthodox is to see how they receive new members from other faiths. Non-Christians, such as Buddhists or atheists, who wish to become Orthodox Christians are accepted through the sacraments of baptism and chrismation . Protestants and Roman Catholics are sometimes received through chrismation only, provided they had received a trinitarian baptism. Also Protestants and Roman Catholics are often referred to as "heterodox", which simply means "other believing", rather than as heretics ("other-choosing"), implying that they did not wilfully reject the Church. Until the Second Vatican Ecumenical Council , the relationship between Rome and other Christian traditions was basically in deadlock. The traditional view of Roman Catholicism is that "there is no salvation outside the (Catholic) Church". To be sure, such intransigence works both ways, and as a result, ecumenism prior to this important council was only different by degrees from evangelization. However, Vatican II initiated a new era in the serious pursuit of unity between Rome and other dogmatic traditions. This new initiative of ecumenism embraces religious inclusivism as compatible with the ultimate aim of Catholic ecumenism, and simultaneously distances itself from pluralism as the ideal state of Christian unity. Two major documents outline the Roman Catholic perspective on ecumenism: The ultimate objective toward which these documents direct the Catholic ecumenical task, is nothing other than a complete, conscious communion of all Christians, indeed, of all mankind, in a single faith and one Christian Church, beginning with a conversion of the Catholic people. Ecumenism is essentially Catholic renewal. :"The unity of all divided humanity is the will of God. For this reason he sent his Son, so that by dying and rising for us he might bestow on us the Spirit of love. On the eve of his sacrifice on the Cross, Jesus himself prayed to the Father for his disciples and for all those who believe in him, that they might be one, a living communion. This is the basis not only of the duty, but also of the responsibility before God and his plan, which falls to those who through Baptism become members of the Body of Christ, a Body in which the fullness of reconciliation and communion must be made present." ( ) At the same time, the pursuit of renewal is not compatible with a complacent settling into the very patterns of sin that must be removed before renewal can take place. :7. There can be no ecumenism worthy of the name without a change of heart. For it is from renewal of the inner life of our minds, from self-denial and an unstinted love that desires of unity take their rise and develop in a mature way ... The words of St. John hold good about sins against unity: "If we say we have not sinned, we make him a liar, and his word is not in us". So we humbly beg pardon of God and of our separated brethren, just as we forgive them that trespass against us." ( ) Therefore, ecumenism expresses a central concern of the whole Christian life. In the pursuit of this ultimate objective, it is necessary to reverse past patterns of hostility, and place the Church in the service of those who are alienated from it. This service cannot paradoxically aim at the destruction of enemies through a deceitful conquest by flattery, but must sincerely desire their benefit in terms that can be immediately understood as such without first requiring the reconciliation of the enemy. Thus, there is compatibility at least in principle, between religious inclusivism, and the ultimate aim of full agreement in the faith, as long as the principle of inclusivism to which the Church adheres is not a contradiction of fidelity to her own calling, but in fact, an expression of it. Therefore, Catholic ecumenism depicts itself as the attempt of the Catholic church to repair a conflict within itself. The contemporary ecumenical movement for Protestants likely began in 1910, with the opening of the 1910 Edinburgh Missionary Conference . Led by Methodist layman John R. Mott , the conference marked the largest Protestant gathering to that time, with the express purposes of working across denominational lines for the sake of world missions . Eventually, formal organizations were formed, including the World Council of Churches , the National Council of Churches , and Churches Uniting in Christ . Protestants have often been leaders of these and other similar groups. Since that time, Protestants have been involved in a variety of ecumenical groups, working in some cases toward organic denominational unity and in other cases for cooperative purposes alone. Because of the wide spectrum of Protestant denominations and perspectives, full cooperation has been difficult at times. Catholic and Orthodox bishops in North America are engaged in an ongoing dialogue. They are meeting together periodically as the "North American Orthodox-Catholic Theological Consultation". It has been meeting semiannually since it was founded in 1965 under the auspices of the Bishops’ Committee for Ecumenical and Interreligious Affairs of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops and the Standing Conference of Canonical Orthodox Bishops in the Americas (SCOBA). The Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops officially joined the Consultation as a sponsor in 1997 . The Consultation works in tandem with the Joint Committee of Orthodox and Catholic Bishops which has been meeting annually since 1981 . Since 1999 the Consultation has been discussing the filioque clause , with the hope of eventually reaching an agreed joint statement. The original anathemas (excommunications) that mark the "official" Great Schism of 1054 between Catholics and Orthodox were mutually revoked in 1965 by the Pope and the Patriarch of Constantinople. But just as the original schism developed over time rather than erupting overnight, reconciliation is proceeding slowly. Organizations such as the World Council of Churches, the National Council of Churches and Churches Uniting in Christ, and Christian Churches Together continue to encourage ecumenical cooperation among Protestants, Eastern Orthodox, and, at times, Roman Catholics. Influenced by the ecumenical movement, the "scandal of separation" and local developments a number of United and Uniting churches have formed, there are also a range of mutual recognition strategies being practised where union is not feasible. ******************* file_id: 146890 reader refer_PASS discussion. file_id: 146890 ecumenism focus problem. file_id: 146890 ecumenism describe_PASS term. file_id: 146890 Eastern_Orthodox be_PASS leader. file_id: 146890 member receive . file_id: 146890 love take rise. file_id: 146890 John hold renewal. file_id: 146890 organization form_PASS attempt. file_id: 146890 protestant involve_PASS variety. file_id: 146890 anathema mark official. file_id: 146890 development form_PASS time. ******************* The Monitor is the name of several publications worldwide. The Monitor and Sunday Monitor are national newspapers in Uganda. In contrast to the state-owned New Vision , the paper has complete editorial independence and is often critical of the government and President Yoweri Museveni. The Nairobi-based Nation Media Group owns 60% shareholding in Monitor Publications Limited. The Monitor is also the name of a news magazine published in Podgorica, Montenegro, which has long supported democratic opposition to Serbia and independence for Montenegro. The Monitor is a newspaper based in the state of Texas, covering the Rio Grande Valley area in the southern part of the state. The paper is owned by Freedom Interactive Newspapers of Texas, a division of Freedom Communications, Inc.. ******************* file_id: 1474451 Monitor_and_Sunday_Monitor be newspaper. ******************* London South Secondary School, also known as South Secondary or simply South, is a public high school in London, Ontario, Canada. South belongs to the Thames Valley District School Board. Approximately 960 students attend, in grades nine to twelve plus a co-op program. There is also a program for gifted students called the Academy Program. The school colours are garnet and grey, and the school mascot is the Lion. South is known for its overall academic rigour and the strength of its arts program, which includes drama, visual arts, music, and dance. It is one of the few schools in the city to still teach Latin. Originally named the London South Collegiate Institute, it first opened in 1922 on Askin Street, London, with 290 students and 10 teachers. The growing school moved to its current location on Tecumseh Avenue, completed in June 1928, just six years later. School pride was a focus from the early years. According to the school's web site, early students recited a daily pledge: "We're here to win the day for the garnet and grey, and to London South we pledge allegiance now." The school's Latin motto, "virtus repulsae nescia sordidae", means "courage will never know ignominous defeat". Prominent faculty members have included well-known Jung ian psychologist Marion Woodman, who taught English at South in the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s. Her brother, Fraser Boa, also a Jungian analyst, was also a teacher. Author John Krisak, co-founder of the Canadian Lyceum of Greece, was also an English teacher in the 1980s and 1990s. ******************* file_id: 1477959 student recite pledge. file_id: 1477959 faculty_members include_PASS Jung. ******************* : Alfheim redirects here. For other uses, see Alfheim (disambiguation) Álfheim( Old Norse Álfheimr'Elf-home') is the abode of the Álfar' Elves' in Norse mythology and appears also in northern English ballads under the forms Elfhame and Elphame, sometimes modernized as Elfland or Elfenland. It is also an ancient name for the modern Swedish province of Bohuslän. Álfheim as an abode of the Elves is mentioned only twice in Old Norse texts. The eddic poem describes twelve divine dwellings beginning in stanza 5 with: A tooth-gift was a gift given to an infant on the cutting of the first tooth. Snorri Sturluson in the relates as the first of a series of abodes in heaven: The account later, in speaking of a hall called Gimlé and the southernmost end of heaven that shall survive when heaven and earth have passed away, explains: It is not indicated whether these heavens are identical to Álfheim or distinct. Some texts read Vindbláin ( Vindbláinn'Wind-blue') instead of Vídbláin. Modern commentators speculate (or sometimes state as fact) that Álfheim was one of the nine worlds ( heima) mentioned in stanza 2 of the eddic poem Völuspá . In several Scots and English ballads about the fairies and their lore, the realm of the those folk is called or , though at other times or ' . The fairy queen is often called the "Queen of Elphame" in ballads such as that of Thomas the Rhymer: Elfhame, or Elfland, is protrayed in a variety of ways in these ballads and stories, most commonly as mystical and benevolent, but also at times as sinister and wicked. The mysteriousness of the land, and its otherworldly powers are a source of scepticism and distrust in many tales. Examples of journeys to the realm include "Thomas the Rhymer" and the fairy tale " Childe Rowland", the latter being a particularly negative view of the land. The twentieth century fantasy writer J. R. R. Tolkien Englished the Old Norse name Álfheim as Elvenhome which is imagined in his tales as lying in a coastal region of the Undying Lands in the far west. The High King of the Elves in the west was Ingwë, an echo of the name Yngvi often found as a name for Frey, whose abode was in Álfheim according to the Grímnismál. The Ynglinga saga, when relating the events of the reign of King Gudröd( ) the Hunter relates: The words "at that time" indicates the name for the region was archaic or obsolete by the 13th century. The element elfr is a common word for 'river' and appears in other river names. It is cognate with Middle Low German elve'river' and the name of the river Elbe. The Raum Elf marked the border of the region of Raumaríki and the Gaut Elf marked the border of Gautland (modern Götaland). It corresponds closely to the historical Swedish province of Bohuslän. The name Álfheim here may have nothing to do with Álfar'Elves', but may derive from a word meaning 'gravel layer'. However the Thorsteins saga Víkingssonar claims that the two rivers and the country was named from King Álf the Old ( Álfr hinn gamli) who once ruled there, and that his descendants were all related to the Elves and were more handsome than any other people except for the giants, a unique and possibly corrupt reference to giants being especially good looking. The Sögubrot af Nokkrum also mentions the special good looks of the kindred of King Álf the Old. According to Thorsteins saga Víkingssonar, King Álf the Old was married to Bryngerd ( Bryngerðr) the daughter of King Raum of Raumaríki. But according to the Hversu Noregr byggdist , Álf, also called Finnálf, was a son of King Raum who inherited from his father the land from the Gaut Elf river (the modern Göta älv river) north to the Raum Elf river (the modern Glomma river), and that the land was then called Álfheim. Finnálf married Svanhild ( Svanhildr) who was called Gold-feather ( Gullfjǫðr) and was the daugher of Day ( Dagr ) son of Dayspring ( Delling r) by Sun ( Sól ) daughter of Mundilfari . Dag as a personification of day and the sun-goddess Sól are mentioned elsewhere, but only the Hversu mentions their daughter. Svandhild bore Finnálf a son named Svan the Red ( Svanr inn Rauðr) who was father of Sæfari, father of Úlf ( Úlfr), father of Álf, father of Ingimund ( Ingimundr) and Eystein ( Eysteinn). According to the eddic poem Hyndluljód (stanza 12), Óttar, whose genealogy is the subject of this poem, was son of Innstein ( Innsteinn), son of Álf the Old, son of Úlf, son of Sæfari, son of Svan the Red. So the Innstein of the Hyndluljód and Eystein of the Hversu are presumably identical. Later kings are mentioned in some sagas. According to Saxo Grammaticus' Gesta Danorum (Book 8), the sons of King Gandálf the Old joined King Harald for the battle of Bråvalla. The Sögubrot names the sons of Gandálf as Álfar ( Álfarr) and Álfarin ( Álfarinn) and makes them members of King Harald's bodyguard. Presumably they died in the battle. But the kingdom of this Gandálf is not identified in these texts. The Sögubrot also relates that Sigurd Hring( Sigurðr Hringr), who was Harald's viceroy on the Swedish throne, married Álfhild, the daughter of King Álf the Old of Álfheim. But in a later passage she appears as a descendant of King Álf. The Hversu Novegr byggdist provides instead a lineage of King Álf the Old of Álfheim who was father of Álfgeir the father of Gandálf the father of Álfhild the mother of the famous Ragnar Lodbrok(by Sigurd Hring). That Álfhild's father was the same Gandálf whose sons were at the Battle of Bravalla makes good sense in legendary chronology. But this genealogy may have resulted from misidentification of Gandálf the Old of the battle of Bråvalla with Gandálf son of Álfgeir of the Ynglinga saga who is discussed below. Or if the two Gandálfs may be rightly identified then the chronology is badly garbled. In all these accounts, the son of Hring and Álfhild was supposedly the famous Ragnar Lodbrok, husband of Áslaug( Áslaugr) the mother of Sigurd Hart ( Sigurðr Hjǫrt) whose daughter Ragnhild ( Ragnhildr) married Halfdan the Black and bore to him Harald Fairhair, the first historic king of all Norway. Illuga saga Gríðarfóstra relates of a king Áli of Alfheim and his queen Alfrun. When the queen died, the king married a beautiful but evil woman named Grimhild. She murdered him and tyrannized Alfheim until it was laid waste. His daughter Signy would marry king Hringr of Denmark. The Ynglinga saga, Saga of Halfdan the Black, and Saga of Harald Fairhair, all included in the Heimskringla , tell of kings of Álfheim at the end of the legendary period: But later parts of his saga show Harald in full control of the land west of the Gaut Elf river showing that Álfheim did soon become part of his kingdom. From that point it ceased to be an independent region. The Saga of Harald Fairhair relates that it was first conquered by the Swedish king Eirik Eymundsson ( Erik Anundsson) who lost it to Harald Fairhair. Variant Anglicizations are: Álf: Alf ; Álfar: Alfar ; Álfarin: Alfarin ; Álfgeir: Alfgeir ; Álfheim: Alfheim ; Álfhild: Alfhild ; Áslaug: Aslaug ; Finnálf: Finnalf ; Frey: Freyr ; Gandálf: Gandalf ; Gimlé: Gimle ; Grímnismál: Grimnismal ; Gudröd: Gudrod, Guthröth ; Haki: Hake ; Halfdan the Black: Hálfdan the Black ; Raumaríki: Raumarike, Raumarik, Raum's-ric ; Sæfari: Saefari ; Sigurd Hart: Sigurd Hjort, Sigurth Hart ; Sigurd Hring: Sigurd Ring, Sigurth Hring ; Sól: Sol ; Úlf: Ulf ; Ull: Ullr ; Völuspá: Voluspá. ******************* ******************* In quantum mechanics, the term symbol is an abbreviated description of the angular momentum quantum numbers in a multi- electron atom. It is related with the energy level of a given electron configuration. LS coupling is assumed. The ground state term symbol is predicted by the Hund's rules. The term symbol has the form {}^{2S+1}\!L_{J} where and J is the total angular momentum quantum number. When used to describe electron states in an atom, the term symbol usually follows the electron configuration, e.g., in the carbon case, the ground state is 1s 22s 22p 2 3 P 0. The term symbol is also used to describe compound systems such as mesons or atomic nuclei, or even molecules (see molecular term symbol). In that last case, greek letters are used to designate the (molecular) orbital angular momenta. For a given electron configuration As an example, for S= 1, L= 2, and J= 3, there are (2×1+1)(2×2+1) = 15 different microstates corresponding to the 3 D term, of which (2×3+1) = 7 belong to the 3 D 3 level. The sum of (2 J+1) for all levels in the same term equals (2 S+1)(2 L+1). In this case, J can be 1, 2, or 3, so 3 + 5 + 7 = 15. The parity of a tem symbol is calculated as where l i is the orbital quantum number for each electron. In fact, only electrons in odd orbitals contribute to the total parity: an odd number of electrons in odd orbitals (those with an odd l such as in p, f,...) will make an odd term symbol, while an even number of electrons in odd orbitals will make an even term symbol, irrespective of the number of electrons in even orbitals. When it is odd, the parity of the term symbol is indicated by a superscript letter "o", otherwise it is omitted: Alternatively, parity may be indicated with a subscript letter "g" or "u", standing for (even in German) or (odd): It is relatively easy to calculate the term symbol for the ground state of an atom. It corresponds with a state with maximal and . As an example, in the fluorine case the electronic configuration is: 1s 22s 22p 5. 1. Discart the full subshells and keep the 2p 5 part. So we have five electrons to place in subshell p ( l= 1).2. There are three orbitals ( = 1, 0, −1) that can hold up to 2(2 +1) = 6 electrons. The first three electrons can take = 1/2 (↑) but the Pauli exclusion principle force the next two to have = −1/2 (↓) because they go to already ocupied orbitals 3. S= 1/2 + 1/2 + 1/2 − 1/2 − 1/2 = 1/2; and L= 1 + 0 − 1 + 1 + 0 = 1, which is "P" in spectroscopic notation; 4. As fluorine 2p subshell is more than half filled, J= L+ S= 3/2. Its ground state term symbol is then {}^{2S+1}\!L_J = {}^2\!\mathrm P_{3/2}. To calculate all possible term symbols for a given electron configuration the process is a bit longer. ******************* file_id: 1482326 term_symbol be description. file_id: 1482326 molecule see term_symbol. file_id: 1482326 greek_letters use_PASS . file_id: 1482326 electron contribute parity. file_id: 1482326 term_symbols be bit. ******************* An acetylcholine receptor (abbreviated AChR ) is an integral membrane protein that responds to the binding of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine . Like other transmembrane receptor s, acetylcholine receptors are classified according to their "pharmacology", or according to their relative affinities and sensitivities to different molecules. Although all acetylcholine receptors, by definition, respond to acetylcholine, they respond to other molecules as well. Molecular biology has shown that the nicotinic and muscarinic receptors belong to distinct protein superfamilies . The nAChRs are ion channel s, and, like other members of the "cys-loop" ligand-gated ion channel superfamily, are composed of five protein subunit s arranged like staves around a barrel. The subunit composition is highly variable across different tissues. Each channel contains two alpha subunits, a beta, a gamma, and a delta. Binding of acetylcholine to the N termini of each of the alpha subunits results in activation of the channel. Each subunit contains four regions named M1, M2, M3, and M4, which probably span the membrane. The M2 region, which sits closest to the pore lumen, forms the pore lining. The pore formed when the nAChR channel is open is permeable to both Na+ and K+ ions. In contrast, the mAChRs are not ion channels, but belong instead to the superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptor s that activate other ionic channels via a second messenger cascade. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors can be blocked by curare and toxins present in the venoms of snake s and shellfish es. Drugs such as the neuromuscular blocking agents bind reversibly to the nicotinic receptors in the neuromuscular junction and are used routinely in anaesthesia. Nicotinic receptors are the main mediator of nicotine and tobacco addiction. In myasthenia gravis , the receptor is targeted by antibodies , leading to muscle weakness. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors can be blocked by the drugs atropine and scopolamine . Changeux, J.P., and Edelstein, S.J. (2005) Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. Odile Jacob, New York. 284 pp. Kandel, E.R., Schwartz, J.H., Jessell, T.M. (2000). Principles of Neural Science, 4th ed., pp.178-180. McGraw-Hill, New York. ******************* file_id: 148282 acetylcholine_receptors classify_PASS . file_id: 148282 receptor belong protein_superfamilies. file_id: 148282 Nicotinic_acetylcholine_receptors block_PASS curare. file_id: 148282 Nicotinic_receptors be mediator. file_id: 148282 receptor target_PASS antibody. file_id: 148282 Muscarinic_acetylcholine_receptors block_PASS drugs_atropine_and_scopolamine. ******************* Scott Treleaven is a Toronto-born artist and filmmaker. He first came to attention with his initial foray into filmmaking, Queercore: A Punk-u-mentary. The movie proved to be a decisive documentary of the queercore scene in the 1990s. Featuring live performances by Los Crudos and Pansy Division and interviews with Martin Sorrondeguy of Limp Wrist, Chris Freeman and Jon Ginoli of Pansy Division and Anita Smith of Fifth Column, the film offered audiences at film festivals across North America and Europe a rare look at the queerpunk scene. After the success of his film, he began work on a zine which he called This Is The Salivation Army. It distinguished itself from other zines by virtue of being the first queer punk pagan zine. Other topics included industrial music, the occult, and homages to filmmakers Kenneth Anger and Derek Jarman. Contributors have included artists and writers such as Black Sun Productions, G.B. Jones, Jason Louv, and many others. In 2002 Scott presented an overview of his zine experience in a film entitled The Salivation Army. The film quickly garnered cult status, and in 2003 a 'bootleg' compendium of his zines was released, with an additional foreword by Genesis P-Orridge. Since then Treleaven has primarily been recognised for his artwork, employing collage, film and installation to expand on the topics first explored in his zine, and exhibiting in galleries throughout the U.S., Europe and Canada. A book marking the 10 year anniversary of This Is The Salivation Army, containing an entire reprint the zines, will be available from Printed Matter Inc.(NY) in early 2006. ******************* file_id: 1489331 film offer audience. file_id: 1489331 contributor include_PASS artists_and_writers. ******************* " Why Does It Always Rain on Me?" is the breakthrough single that earned Travis international recognition. It was the third single from their second album The Man Who and their first Top 10 hit on the UK Singles Chart. Regional singles were released for the UK, Austria, Japan, and USA. The song is noted for its strings introduction and heartfelt lyrics. Fittingly, when Travis was performing "Why Does It Always Rain On Me?" at the 1999 Glastonbury Festival, it promptly began to rain at the site. The song was performed at the Live 8 concert, London on July 2, 2005. ******************* file_id: 1490481 singles release_PASS ,_Austria_,_Japan_,_and_USA. ******************* An author mill is a variety of vanity press. The name was coined by Victoria Strauss of Writer Beware, as a parallel formation from diploma mill(an unaccredited college or university that offers degrees without regard to academic achievement) and puppy mill(a breeding operation that produces large numbers of puppies for sale with little regard for breed purity, puppy placement, health, or socialization). As described by Writer Beware, an author mill is:"...a company that publishes a very large number of authors in the expectation of selling a hundred books or so from each (as opposed to publishing a limited number of authors in hopes of selling thousands of books from each, as commercial publishers do). Author mills don't require authors to make any financial expenditures at all, hidden or otherwise. However, they do rely on their authors as their major source of income (through books purchased by the author for re-sale, or sold to "pocket" markets the author him/herself is responsible for identifying), and so can be defined as vanity publishers, despite the lack of upfront or other charges. Also, author mills tend to share a business model with vanity publishers: no editorial screening of submissions, no meaningful pre-publication editing, no meaningful post-publication marketing or distribution." Typically an author mill does the cheapest possible job of production; it sets high cover prices and prints its books "on demand." The books are listed with on-line booksellers such as amazon.com and bn.com, and on the publisher's website. Any marketing, promotion, or physical bookstore placement is up to the authors themselves. While authors are not "required" to buy any of their own books, authors who wish to find readers discover that they need to buy their own books for resale. The rise of the author mill is based on the rise of the on-line bookselling industry plus digital printing technology. The necessary ingredients are: ******************* file_id: 1494069 college_or_university offer degree. file_id: 1494069 mill produce number. file_id: 1494069 Author_mills not_require . file_id: 1494069 author make expenditure. file_id: 1494069 author be . file_id: 1494069 author_mills tend . file_id: 1494069 author wish . ******************* Won Buddhism, often written Wonbuddhism, is a modern religious movement based in South Korea. The Korean word, based on a Chinese character, Won means circular. Founded in 1924 by the venerable So Tae San, Won Buddhism combines aspects of Chinese Mahayana Buddhism, Zen Buddhism and Christianity. Combining Zen, Seon, Chan Buddhist teachings with some Christian influence, Won Buddhists believe in the Irwonsang, symbolized by a black circle, which represents the ultimate truth. Sotaesan is unique among founders of Buddhist sects in that he found enlightenment through Korean folk religious practices, and when seeking to explain his experience, discovered that the Buddhist perfection of wisdom teachings (prajnaparamita) were most appropriate. Sotaesan summarized his doctrine in the “Verse of Truth,” which contains echoes of the Heart Sutra’s paradox, “form is emptiness, and emptiness is form”: Being changes into Non-being And Non-being into Being, Turning and turning again; But in the ultimate Reality Being and Non-being are both Void, And the Void contains everything and is perfect. Won Buddhist practice shares much in common with traditional Zen practice, emphasizing sitting meditation and seeking enlightenment but eschewing the monastic isolation of Buddhist devotionalism. Sotaesan broke new ground in his insistence on the equality of men and women in Buddhist practice, and the need for properly organizing spiritual life in the context of science and technological development. ******************* file_id: 1496789 Won_Buddhism combine aspect. file_id: 1496789 Sotaesan be founder. ******************* Tales of the Velvet Comet is a series of four science-fiction novels by Mike Resnick. The Velvet Comet, one of the many leisure and entertainment enterprises owned by the galaxy-spanning Vainmill Corporation, is a barbell-shaped space station that serves as the galaxy's most exclusive bordello to the rich and (in-)famous. The four novels which comprise the series looks in on four periods of the Velvet Comet's lifespan, from early on in the Comet's life ( Eros Ascending) to a period after the Comet's decommissioning ( Eros at Nadir). ******************* file_id: 1505631 tale be series. file_id: 1505631 tale look . ******************* Hickory is a city located in Catawba County , North Carolina . As of the 2000 census, the city had a Metropolitan Statistical Area of 341,851, making it the 4th largest metropolitan area in North Carolina. The Hickory area serves as the home of Bernhardt, Broyhill, Boyles, Classic Leather, Drexel Heritage, Henredon, Hickory Chair and Mitchell Gold furniture companies. Hickory is also headquarters to optical fiber cable makers Corning Cable Systems and Commscope. In the 1790s, a tavern was built in the northwest section of Catawba county. This area became known as Hickory Tavern. This name remained intact for almost 100 years. The city of Hickory was established in 1870 . Over 38,000 people reside in this city today. Hickory is the economic, social, and cultural center of the Catawba Valley. As the recipient of numerous awards, including the 1998 Money Magazine's "most livable place to live" (ranked 16th among medium-sized southern cities) and twice-named an "All American City," Hickory continues to attract tourists, families, and industries to this part of the state. Hickory was known in the years after World War II for the "Miracle of Hickory". In 1944 the area around Hickory (the Catawba Valley) became the epicenter of one of the worst outbreaks of polio ever recorded. Residents who were then children recall summers of not being allowed to play outside or visit friends for fear of contracting the disease. Since local facilities were inadequate to treat the victims, the citizens of Hickory and the March of Dimes decided to build a hospital to care for the children of the region. From the time the decision was made until equipment, doctors, and patients were in a new facility, took less than 54 hours. Several more buildings were quickly added. A Red Cross offical on the scene praised the project "as the most outstanding example of cooperative effort he has ever seen." (Hickory Daily Record, June 30, 1944. Although few good references are available online, an interesting side to this story is found here . Hickory is located at 35°44'16" North, 81°19'42" West (35.737682, -81.328372) . According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 72.7 km² (28.1 mi² ). 72.7 km² (28.1 mi²) of it is land and 0.04% is water. As of the census of 2000 , there are 37,222 people, 15,372 households, and 9,361 families residing in the city. The population density is 512.0/km² (1,326.1/mi²). There are 16,571 housing units at an average density of 227.9/km² (590.4/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 77.23% White , 14.09% African American , 0.19% Native American , 3.90% Asian , 0.06% Pacific Islander , 3.08% from other races , and 1.46% from two or more races. 7.69% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 15,372 households out of which 27.9% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.6% are married couples living together, 12.3% have a female householder with no husband present, and 39.1% are non-families. 32.2% of all households are made up of individuals and 10.9% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.35 and the average family size is 2.98. In the city the population is spread out with 23.3% under the age of 18, 11.2% from 18 to 24, 30.7% from 25 to 44, 21.3% from 45 to 64, and 13.6% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 35 years. For every 100 females there are 92.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 89.7 males. The median income for a household in the city is $37,236, and the median income for a family is $47,522. Males have a median income of $31,486 versus $23,666 for females. The per capita income for the city is $23,263. 11.3% of the population and 8.4% of families are below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 14.8% of those under the age of 18 and 7.0% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. Hickory is one of North Carolinas fastest growing cities other than Durham and High Point, but Hickory is a beautiful city lined with glistening lakes in the summer, and Snow packed trees in the winter. Catawba County Chamber of Commerce Catawba County Historical Association Hickory City Schools Catawba County Schools Catawba Valley Community College Lenoir-Rhyne College ******************* file_id: 150818 resident be child. file_id: 150818 decision make_PASS equipment_,_doctors_,_and_patients. file_id: 150818 44.6% be couple. file_id: 150818 couple live . file_id: 150818 male have income. ******************* Ken Dodd , born November 8 , 1929 , Liverpool , is a veteran British comedian and singer, famous for his buck teeth, frizzy hair, feather duster (or "tickling stick"), and his catchphrase, "How tickled I am!" He works largely in the music hall tradition, although he has appeared in several dramatic plays and as the Tollmaster in the Doctor Who story Delta and the Bannermen . His comedy style is fast and furious, relying on a high number of one-liner jokes. Dodd sometimes intersperses his comedy with music, and sings with a baritone voice. He has had many recording hits. His song Tears is still one of the biggest selling singles of all time in the United Kingdom. His stage performances used to involve Diddy Men - children dressed up, or ventriloquist s dummies - supposedly residents of his mythologised home town, Knotty Ash (a real place in Liverpool in which he still lives). His performance stamina is legendary. His solo stage shows can still run for more than three hours. He claims that on one occasion the caretaker of the theatre handed him the keys on stage and told him to lock up when he was finished. Whilst appearing on a Comic Relief television special, he overran his spot but refused to be silenced, forcing the presenters to enter the stage and attempt to manually remove him. He is a very difficult television interview subject because of his seeming inability to stop performing and reciting jokes. He always ends his stage performances with a soulful rendition of his hit song "Happiness". More controversially, he went on trial for tax evasion in 1989 . Although he was eventually acquitted, he was forced to hand over £800 000 in unpaid taxes, and had his passport confiscated. Unlike many other famous Liverpudlians, who have left the city on finding fame, Dodd has stayed loyal to his roots and still lives in the part of Liverpool where he was born, in Knotty Ash. In a 2005 poll to find The Comedian's Comedian , he was voted amongst the top 50 comedy acts ever by fellow comedians and comedy insiders. ******************* file_id: 151545 child dress_PASS . file_id: 151545 ventriloquist s dummy. file_id: 151545 comedian act comedians_and_comedy_insiders. ******************* Robert Barclay (c. 1648 – October 3 , 1690 ), one of the most eminent writer s belonging to the Religious Society of Friends and a member of the Clan Barclay . Barclay was born at Gordonstown in Morayshire . His father Col. David Barclay of Urie had served under Gustavus Adolphus , and pursued a somewhat tortuous course through the troubles of the civil war. Robert was sent to finish his education at the Scots College Paris , of which his uncle was Rector, and made such progress in study as to gain the admiration of his teachers, specially of his uncle, who offered to make him his heir if he would remain in France, and join the Roman Catholic Church. In 1667 , however, he followed the example of his father, and joined the recently formed Society of Friends after returning to Scotland. Soon afterwards he began to write in defence of his sect, by publishing in 1670 Truth cleared of Calumnies , and a Catechism and Confession of Faith ( 1673 ). In 1670 he had married a Quaker lady, Christian Mollison of Aberdeen . He was an ardent theological student, a man of warm feelings and considerable mental powers, and he soon came prominently forward as the leading apologist of the new doctrine, winning his spurs in a controversy with one William Mitchell . The publication of fifteen Theses Theologiae ( 1676 ) led to a public discussion in Aberdeen , each side claiming a victory. The most prominent of the Theses was that bearing on immediate revelation, in which the superiority of this inner light to reason or scripture is sharply stated. His greatest work, An Apology for the True Christian Divinity , was published in Latin at Amsterdam in 1676, and was an elaborate statement of the grounds for holding certain fundamental positions laid down in the Theses. It was translated by its author into English in 1678 , and is claimed to be "one of the most impressive theological writings of the century." It is a weighty and learned work, written in a dignified style, and was eagerly read. It, however, failed to arrest the persecution to which the Quakers were exposed, and Barclay himself, on returning from Europe , where he travelled extensively (once with William Penn and George Fox ), and had several interviews with Elizabeth, Princess Palatine , was several times thrown into prison, but soon regained his liberty, and was in the enjoyment of Court favour. In later years he had much influence with James II , who as duke of York had given New Jersey to Sir George Carteret and John Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton . After Carteret's death his half ( East Jersey ) was sold in 1682 to twelve people, eleven of whom were members of the Society of Friends. One of the eleven Quaker proprietors was William Penn, and after expanding to include a larger number of proprietors, the group elected Barclay to be the governor. He is said to have visited James with a view to making terms of accommodation with William of Orange , whose arrival was then imminent. His latter years were spent at his estate of Ury, where he died. The essential view which Barclay maintained was, that Christians are illuminated by an Inner Light superseding even the Scriptures as the guide of life. His works have often been reprinted. ******************* file_id: 152063 christian illuminate_PASS light. ******************* : This article is about the video game weapon. For the swordsmith, see Masamune. The Masamune is the name of a sword that has been featured in many video games, most notably the Final Fantasy series. It has appeared in various incarnations, sometimes just a sword that a character can use during battles and other times it plays a major role in the story. In the majority of the Final Fantasy series, the Masamune is a sword that is picked up and can be equipped by one of your characters. Depending on the game, the Masamune is either the best weapon or one of the best. It has little impact on the story. One exception is in Final Fantasy VII where the Masamune is not available to you under normal circumstances. It is actually wielded by the main enemy, Sephiroth. In this incarnation, it is an extremely long sword and it is said that only Sephiroth has the strength to wield it. A prop version of the Masamune can be won (yet not used) in the Speed Square of the Gold Saucer. Another exception to this is in Tales of Symphonia , where the Masamune is one of the earliest (and in turn one of the weakest) swords at Lloyd's disposal in the entire game. The Masamune plays a much larger role in the Chrono series ( Chrono Trigger , Chrono Cross ). It first appears in Chrono Trigger as the legendary holy sword forged by Melchior. Unlike other Squaresoft games, the Masamune is more of a broadsword than a katana. Two spirits known as Masa and Mune(who inhabit the sword) guard it. After Crono, Marle, and Lucca successfully pass Masa and Mune's test, they are given the sword. It is then discovered that the sword is broken and needs to be reforged. After acquiring Dreamstone from the distant past, they bring the sword and stone to Melchior to have it reforged. The process is successful and the sword is presented to Glenn ( Frog) to allow him to defeat the dark wizard Magus. After the events of Chrono Trigger, the Masamune is lost during the fall of the Kingdom of Guardia. The name of the sword in the Japanese version is "Grandleon." (1) The sword reappears in Chrono Cross as "the Blood-Stained Sword of Evil." Something has happened that has changed the Masamune from a holy sword to an evil one. It most likely occurred as a consequence of the fall of Guardia (the sword is shown covered in blood during the specially added FMV sequence at the end of the PlayStation version of Chrono Trigger). Now the sword draws out the darkest desires and emotions of the wielder until the feelings overwhelm him and he acts upon them. For example: if the wielder feels extreme jealousy, he will kill the object of this feeling. This happens to Radius in Chrono Cross when he kills his best friend Garai (who is the greatest swordsman). Eventually, Serge and his friends succeed in purging the evil from the sword (in a side-quest). Masa and Mune then "wake up" and do not realize what has happened to them and the sword. They then are reunited with their sister Doreen who joins with them to form the Mastermune, which is arguably Serge's ultimate weapon. The Masamune has also appeared in the Castlevania: Symphony of the Night , Golden Sun , Shining Soul 2 , and the Soul Calibur series. In Onimusha Blade Warriors , there are two Masamunes, the Soshu Masamune and the Hocho Masamune. ******************* file_id: 1533425 sword use battle. file_id: 1533425 exception be tale. ******************* The Singapore River is a small river in terms of physical attributes, but of extreme historical importance to the country of Singapore, the political entity which shares its name. The mouth of the Singapore River was the old Port of Singapore, being naturally sheltered by the southern islands. Historically, the city of Singapore initially grew around the port so the river mouth became the centre of trade, commerce and finance. To this day, area around the old Singapore River river mouth, the Downtown Core, remains the most expensive and economically important piece of land in Singapore. Some parts of this area include quays such as Clarke Quay and Boat Quay, which generated trade and extensive demand for services when the boats that landed at the quay, Boat Quay itself handling three quarters of the shipping service in the 1860s. Shophouses and warehouse s flourished around the quays due to their proximity to trade during the colonial era, but presently house various bars, pubs and restaurants, as well as antique shops. There have been plans announced by the government of Singapore recently to dam the Singapore River at its outlet to the sea to create a new reservoir of freshwater. While damming this area would create a valuable source of fresh water for the tiny city-state, it would prevent the docking of ocean-going ships at the Singapore River which was arguably the original reason Singapore came into existence. Whereas the original mouth of the Singapore River emptied into the straits between Singapore and its southern islands before major land reclamation took place, the Singapore River now empties into Marina Bay- an area of water partially enclosed by the reclamation work. The Port of Singapore is now located to the west of the island, using most of the south-west coast, and passenger ship s to Singapore now typically berth at the Singapore Cruise Centre at HarbourFront. Thus the Singapore River's economic role has shifted away from one that of trade, towards more a role accommodated for tourism and aesthetics for the commercial zone which encloses it. ******************* file_id: 1545225 role accommodate_PASS tourism_and_aesthetics. ******************* Actinomycosis, ak tuh nuh my KOH sihs, is a rare infectious disease, from Actinomyces bacteria, that affects human beings. It is characterised by the formation of painful abscesses in the mouth, lungs, or digestive organs. These abscesses grow larger as the disease progresses, often over a period of months. In severe cases, the abscesses may break through bone and muscle to the skin, where they break open and leak large amounts of pus. Actinomycosis occurs in cattle and other animals as a disease called lumpy jaw . This name refers to the large abscesses that grow on the head and neck of the infected animal. Actinomycosis is caused by any of several members of a group of bacteria called actinomyces . These bacteria are anaerobes - that is, they cannot survive in the presence of large amounts of oxygen. Actinomyces normally live in the small spaces between the teeth and gums. They cause infection only when they can multiply freely in places where oxygen cannot reach them. The three most common sites of infection are decayed teeth, the lungs, and the intestines. Doctors use penicillin to treat actinomycosis. ******************* file_id: 1550253 actinomycosis occur cattle. file_id: 1550253 animal call_PASS jaw. file_id: 1550253 site decay_PASS tooth. file_id: 1550253 doctor use . ******************* Words of Bengali origin have entered other languages. Many words have been incorporated into Indian English. Some have thence been exported to the English language in general and thence to other languages. As with other languages of the Indian subcontinent, the British Empire was responsible for the absorption of many of these loanwords into English. Also the use of Bengali as a significant literary language, and Rabindranath Tagore's Nobel prize gave the language extra prestige. ******************* file_id: 1561810 word enter_PASS language. ******************* The Group Wilders(Groep Wilders) is a right-wing conservative Dutch political party that was started in August 2004 after Geert Wilders left the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy(a liberal party) , after a disagreement about the political direction. No fellow parlementarians wished to join his new party, so since September 2 2004, he forms an independent fraction of the Dutch parliament all alone. The "group" is currently only represented by Mr. Wilders, however opinion polls have indicated that if elections were held now, his party would gain more seats. The main issues the Group deals with is the integration of (Muslim) immigrants into Dutch society. Some people feel that there is space on the right of the political spectrum following the assassination of Pim Fortuyn and the subsequential disintegration of the List Pim Fortuyn. The group is said to sympathise with the neoconservative movement in the USA and the Edmund Burke Foundation in the Netherlands. ******************* file_id: 1567909 opinion_polls indicate_PASS . file_id: 1567909 people feel election. ******************* The Desmond Rebellions occurred in the 1560s, 1570s and 1580s in Munster in southern Ireland. They were rebellions of the Earl of Desmond dynasty—the Fitzgerald family or Geraldines—and their allies against the efforts of the Elizabethan English government to extend their control over the province of Munster. The rebellions were primarily about the independence of feudal lords from their monarch but also had an element of religious conflict ( Roman Catholic against Protestant). The result of the rebellions was the destruction of the Desmond dynasty and the subsequent plantation or colonisation of Munster with English settlers. See also Tudor re-conquest of Ireland The south of Ireland (the provinces of Munster and southern Leinster) was dominated by the Old English Butlers of Ormonde and Fitzgeralds of Desmond, who formed what were essentially miniature feudal principates. However, Henry Sidney, as Lord Deputy of Ireland, was charged with establishing the authority of the English government over the independent lordships there. His solution was the formation of "lord presidencies"—provincial military governors who would replace the local lords as military powers and keepers of the peace. The local dynasties saw the presidencies as intrusions into their sphere of influence, and into their traditional violent competition over the balance of power. This had seen the Butlers and Fitzgeralds fight a pitched battle against each other at Affane in Waterford in 1565. This was a blatant defiance of the Elizabethan state's law. Elizabeth I summoned the heads of both houses to London to explain their actions. However, the treatment of the dynasties was not even handed. Thomas Butler, 3rd Earl of Ormonde— who was the Queen's cousin — was pardoned, while both Gerald Fitzgerald, 15th Earl of Desmond and his brothers, John and James, were arrested and detained in the Tower of London. This decapitated the natural leadership of the Munster Geraldines and left the Desmond Earldom in the hands of a soldier, James Fitzmaurice Fitzgerald, the "captain general" of the Desmond military. Fitzmaurice had little stake in a new de-militarised order in Munster. He was also a devout Catholic, influenced by the counter-reformation, which made him see the Protestant Elizabethan governors as his enemies. To discourage these interlopers and re-establish Desmond primacy, he planned a rebellion, to show that the powers-that-be in Munster were not to be lightly tangled with. A factor that drew wider support for Fitzmaurice was the prospect of land confiscations, which had been mooted by Sidney and Peter Carew, an English colonist. This ensured Fitzmaurice the support of important clans, notably MacCarthy Mor, O'Sullivan Beare and O'Keefe. Fitzmaurice launched his rebellion by attacking the English colony at Kerrycurihy in north Cork in June 1569. In response, Sidney mobilised large forces of English troops, Gaelic clans antagonistic to the Geraldines, and Ormonde's men, and began devastating the lands of Fitzmaurice's allies. Fitzmaurice's forces broke up, as individual lords had to retire to defend their own territories. Sidney forced Fitzmaurice into the mountains of Kerry, from where he launched hit and run attacks on the English and their allies. By 1570, most of Fitzmaurice's allies had submitted to Sidney. Nevertheless, the guerrilla campaign dragged on for three more years until Fitzmaurice finally submitted in February 1573, after which he fled to the continent to seek help from the Catholic powers. Gerald Fitzgerald, Earl of Desmond, and his brother John were released from prison to stabilise the situation and to reconstruct their shattered territory. Although all of the local chiefs had submitted by the end of the rebellion, the methods used to suppress it provoked lingering resentment, especially among the Irish mercenaries; gall oglaigh or " gallowglass" as the English termed them, who had rallied to Fitzmaurice. Drury, the new Lord President of Munster, executed around 700 of them in the aftermath of the rebellion. Furthermore, Gaelic customs such as Brehon Laws, Irish dress, bardic poetry and the maintaining of private armies were outlawed. Fitzmaurice, by contrast, had deliberately emphasised the Gaelic character of the rebellion, wearing the Irish dress, speaking only Irish and referring to himself as the captain ( taoiseach) of the Geraldines. The second Desmond rebellion was sparked when James Fitzmaurice Fitzgerald launched an invasion of Munster in 1579. During his exile in Europe, he had reinvented himself as a soldier of the counter-reformation, arguing that since the Pope's excommunication of Elizabeth I in 1570 Irish Catholics did not owe loyalty to a heretical English monarchy. The Pope granted Fitzmaurice an " indulgence" and also Papal troops and money. The Catholic King of Spain accepted Ireland into his possessions, pending the expulsion of the English. Fitzmaurice and 700 Spanish and Italian soldiers landed in Dingle, Kerry in July 1579. He was immediately joined by John Fitzgerald, the brother of the Earl, who had a large following among his kinsmen and the disaffected swordsmen of Munster. Other Gaelic clans and Old English families also joined in the insurgency. Gerald, the Earl of Desmond, initially tried to stay out of the rebellion but joined it being declared a traitor by the authorities. Fitzmaurice was killed shortly after he landed, leaving the rebellion under the command of John and Gerald Fitzgerald. The rebels sacked the towns of Youghal and Kinsale, and devastated the country of the English and their allies. In 1580, the rebellion spread to Leinster, under the leadership of Gaelic Irish chieftain Fiach MacHugh O'Byrne and the Pale lord Viscount Baltinglass—motivated by Catholicism and hostility to the English. A large English force under Earl Grey de Wilton were sent to subdue them, only to be ambushed and massacred at the battle of Glenmalure, losing over 800 dead. The rebels temporarily bestowed the title of King of Leinster on Creon MacMurrough Kavanagh, whose ancestors had held this title before the English conquest. However, the tide in Munster was already turning against the rebels. English troops and locally raised forces under Ormonde succeeded in re-taking the south coast, destroying the lands of the Desmonds and their allies in the process, and killing their tenants. By capturing Carrigafoyle, the principal Desmond castle on the mouth of Shannon river, they cut off the Geraldine forces from the rest of the country and prevented a landing of foreign troops into the main Munster ports. When the Catholic reinforcements did arrive, they were only 600 Papal troops, and they were bottled up in a castle at Smerwick in Kerry before being captured and massacred. By relentless scorched earth tactics, the English broke the momentum of the rebellion. By 1581, most of the Fitzgerald's allies in Munster and Leinster had submitted on terms. For the Geraldine family, however, there would be no pardon, and the rising would go on until the bitter end. From 1581 to 1583, the war dragged on, with the remaining Geraldines evading capture in the mountains of Kerry. The rebellion was finally ended in November 1583 when Gerald, the Earl of Desmond, was hunted down and killed in the Slieve Mish mountains in Kerry by a local clan named the O'Moriartys. The O'Moriarty chief, Maurice, received 1000 pounds of silver from the English government for Desmond's head, which was triumphantly displayed on the walls of Cork. After three years of scorched earth warfare, famine hit Munster. In April 1582, the provost marshal of Munster (Warhame St Ledger) estimated that 30,000 people had died of famine in the previous six months. Plague broke out in Cork city, where the country people fled to avoid the fighting. People continued to die of famine and plague long after the war had ended, and it is estimated that by 1589 one third of the province's population had died. Grey was recalled by Elizabeth I for his excessive brutality. Two famous accounts tell us of the devastation of Munster after the Desmond rebellion. The first is from the Gaelic Annals of the Four Masters. The second is from the View on the Present State of Ireland, written by English poet Edmund Spencer who fought in the campaign.''In those late wars in Munster; for notwithstanding that the same was a most rich and plentiful country, full of corn and cattle, that you would have thought they could have been able to stand long, yet eare one year and a half they were brought to such wretchedness, as that any stony heart would have rued the same. ''Out of every corner of the wood and glens they came creeping forth upon their hands, for their legs could not bear them; they looked Anatomies of death, they spoke like ghosts, crying out of their graves; they did eat of the carrions, happy where they could find them, yea, and one another soon after, in so much as the very carcasses they spared not to scrape out of their graves; and if they found a plot of water-cresses or shamrocks, there they flocked as to a feast for the time, yet not able long to continue therewithal; that in a short space there were none almost left, and a most populous and plentiful country suddenly left void of man or beast. The wars of the 1570s and 1580s marked a watershed in Ireland. Although English control over the country was still far from total, the Geraldine axis of power had been annihilated, and Munster was "planted" with English colonists. Thousands of English soldiers and administrators had been imported to deal with the rebellion, and were allocated land in the subsequent Munster Plantation of confiscated Desmond estates. The Munster plantation settled several thousand of these people in the south of Ireland. The Elizabethan conquest of Ireland was completed after the subsequent Nine Years War in Ulster. ******************* file_id: 1572510 rebellion be independence. file_id: 1572510 governor replace lord. file_id: 1572510 Sidney mobilise force. file_id: 1572510 ancestor hold_PASS title. file_id: 1572510 ally submit_PASS term. file_id: 1572510 people continue . file_id: 1572510 stony_heart rue_PASS . ******************* Philipp Emanuel von Fellenberg( 27 June 1771- 21 November 1844) was a Swiss education ist. He was born at Bern. His father was of patrician family, and a man of importance in his canton, and his mother was a granddaughter of the Dutch admiral Van Tromp. From his mother and from Pfeffel, the blind poet of Colmar, he received a better education than falls to the lot of most boys, while the intimacy of his father with Pestalozzi gave to his mind that bent which it afterwards followed. In 1790 he entered the university of Tubingen, where he distinguished himself by his rapid progress in legal studies. On account of his health he afterwards undertook a walking tour in Switzerland and the adjoining portions of France, Swabia and Tirol, visiting the hamlets and farmhouses, mingling in the labors and occupations of the peasants and mechanics, and partaking of their rude fare and lodging. After the downfall of Robespierre, he went to Paris and remained there long enough to be assured of the storm impending over his native country. This he did his best to avert, but his warnings were disregarded, and Switzerland was lost before any efficient means could be taken for its safety. Fellenberg, who had hastily raised a levy en masse, was proscribed; a price was set upon his head, and he was compelled to fly into Germany. Shortly afterwards, however, he was recalled by his countrymen, and sent on a mission to Paris to remonstrate against the rapacity and cruelty of the agents of the French republic. But in this and other diplomatic offices which he held for a short time, he was witness to so much corruption and intrigue that his mind revolted from the idea of a political life, and he returned home with the intention of devoting himself wholly to the education of the young. With this resolution he purchased in 1799 the estate of Hofwyl, near Bern, intending to make agriculture the basis of a new system which he had projected, for elevating the lower and rightly training the higher orders of the state, and welding them together in a closer union than had hitherto been deemed attainable. For some time he carried on his labors in conjunction with Pestalozzi, but incompatibility of disposition soon induced them to separate. The scheme of Fellenberg at first excited a large amount of ridicule, but gradually it began to attract the notice of foreign countries; and pupils, some of them of the highest rank, began to flock to him from every country in Europe, both for the purpose of studying agriculture and to profit by the high moral training which he associated with his educational system. For forty-five years Fellenberg, assisted by his wife, continued his educational labors, and finally raised his institution to the highest point of prosperity and usefulness. He died in 1844. See Hamm, Fellenberg's Leben und Wirken(Bern, 1845); and Schoni, Der Stifter van Hofwyl, Leben und Wirken Fellenberg's. ******************* file_id: 1585354 Switzerland lose_PASS means. ******************* Julian Beck ( March 31 , 1925 – September 14 , 1985 ) was a Jewish-American actor , director , poet , and painter . He was born in New York City and briefly attended Yale University , but dropped out to pursue writing and art, intending to be an Abstract Expressionist painter. At age 17, he met Judith Malina and quickly came to share her passion for theatre ; they founded The Living Theatre in 1947 , and Beck co-directed the group until his death. Beck and Malina were life partners in an open marriage , and Beck had a long-term relationship with Ilion Troya, a male actor in the company. Besides his theatre work, Beck published several volumes of poetry reflecting his anarchist beliefs. He also had an occasional film career, with small roles in Emergency , The Cotton Club , 9½ Weeks , and Poltergeist II . Beck was diagnosed with stomach cancer in 1983 , and died 18 months later at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City at the age of 60. ******************* file_id: 158661 Beck_and_Malina be life_partners. ******************* Gloria Trevi (born Gloria de los Ángeles Treviño Ruiz , February 15 , 1970 in Monterrey , Nuevo León ) is a Mexican singer. Her life has been as controversial as her career as a singer has been successful. Her scandals and controversies have made some people nickname her The Madonna of Mexico . Trevi was born in a reportedly violent and impoverished home. She struggled to survive when she was little, as the lack of food and money in her house being a challenge. She wanted to become an entertainer since she was little, and she began to learn poetry when she was five, and then she started taking ballet and piano lessons. Trevi's parents divorced when she was ten. There have been allegations that her mother mistreated her and tried to discourage her from being a singer. The veracity of those rumors, however, are not clear. The fact her mother has come out on international television , pleading for Trevi to change her wild ways, makes those rumors look even more like just rumors. Gloria left her home city at the age of twelve, arriving at Mexico City , where she met the also controversial manager Sergio Andrade , alleged child molestor and slave master. Before meeting Andrade, she worked singing and dancing on the streets for spare change, as well as teaching aerobics and serving tacos at a taco stand. In 1985 , she was a member of a short-lived girl group named Boquitas Pintadas ( Little Colored Mouths ). With Andrade's help, Trevi released her first album in 1989 , Y Que Hago Aqui? ( And What Am I Doing Here? ). The album scored an instant number one hit for her, Dr. Psiquiatra ( Dr. Psychiatrist ), and four other songs from that album went up the charts too. She soon became known as a challenger to the machismo ideas of many of Mexico's men, breaking social standards and taking a feminist stand point on many of her songs, while exploring sexuality in a way that not many female Mexican entertainers had done before her. Trevi would even bring male members of her audience to the stage and undress them. Despite the way she carried herself on stage, she was also able to become very popular among Mexican and Latin American children. At that point of her career, it became common for many little girls and teenaged females to dress like Gloria's concert attire. Trevi, however, also carried herself to the public as a girl who could break down and cry at any minute and for anything she heard about. A lot of times, during her television interviews, the talk show host would mention her childhood and she'd go from acting happy to spilling her tears from one minute to the other. She followed up her first record, with the 1991 album Angel De La Guardia ( Guardian Angel ), which became even more successful than the first one, her song Pelo Suelto ( Loose Hair ) becoming her most widely known hit; it became number one all over Latin America and for the Latino population in the United States . Trevi then filmed a movie, also named Pelo Suelto . In it, she participated with fellow wild living former world boxing champion Jorge Paez . The movie became a number one hit, and Gloria was invited to tour in many countries. In 1992 , she began a tour all over the Caribbean and South America , which took her to Puerto Rico , the Dominican Republic , Argentina , Venezuela and Chile . She also released her first calendar, which was considered by many of her fans and critics to be very suggestive and sexually oriented. Meanwhile, she kept talking in public about such things as teen sex, abortion , drugs , AIDS , prostitution and anything that came into her mind. Her third album, Me Siento Tan Sola ( I Feel so Lonely ), was released in 1993 , and it garnered her another hit, Zapatos Viejos ( My Old Shoes ). The album was taped in Los Angeles . Gloria released a new calendar, which was even more suggestive than the first one. Then, her second movie, also named like her song, Zapatos Viejos , was released. Trevi became more reclusive after that. For years, all that was heard about her were rumors and speculation. But then, in 1995 , Sergio Andrade's former wife published a book about how Andrade allegedly would pick up teenaged girls and lure them into a web of sex and slavery by promising to make them superstars. According to the book, named De La Gloria Al Infierno ( From Glory to Hell ), Trevi was also a willing participant of Andrade's scams, and she had fallen in love with her manager, supposedly participating in his manager's sexual orgies and slavery acts with the teenaged girls just to please him. Around 1997 , many of the girls that were allegedly abused escaped from Andrade and declared stories of horror and violence to television cameras. Andrade and Trevi flew out of Mexico without being captured, stopping in Spain and Chile before they were declared, along with a third accomplice named Mary Boquitas , as fugitives of the Mexican judicial system. Soon after, Karina Yapor , a girl from northern Mexico, gave birth to a baby boy she alleged to be Andrade's son. By this time, Trevi, Boquitas and Andrade were the talk of every Spanish tabloid television show in the United States, and most of Latin America. Trevi, Andrade and the rest of their 'troop' soon escaped to Argentina , where the remaining girls escaped and were soon flown to Mexico. But before Trevi, Andrade and Boquitas were caught, they escaped to Brazil , where they were able to live for a couple of years, until they were finally caught by Brazilian police and arrested. In Brazil, Trevi allegedly enjoyed walking around the neighborhood where she resided, eating at a local bakery every day. When they were caught, the news quickly spread to Spanish speaking people everywhere. A legal battle ensued because Brazilian prosecutors wanted them charged there, but Mexican prosecutors claimed that the three prisoners belonged to them because they had begun their practices while still in Mexico. Trevi, Andrade and Boquitas were flown from their original jail to another facility because of overcrowding. Soon after, a tape where Trevi can be heard singing songs (allegedly to Andrade) on the plane ride became public. In the song, which didn't seem to be a written song but one she was making up, she talks of how she'd done everything for the love of a man. In the new jail facility, Trevi became pregnant. She initially accused a jail guard of raping her, supposedly causing the pregnancy. But, after giving birth to a baby boy, she admitted the boy was Andrade's son. She was released under a Brazilian law that allows women who give birth while prisoners to live in a house with their children, but her new freedom was brief, because once again, Mexican authorities began to ask for her, so she had to be taken back to jail. Brazil's authorities came to an agreement with Mexican authorities and, on December 21, 2002 they extradited Trevi, Andrade and Boquitas to Mexico so they can face charges there. Her baby ended up living with his grandmother, Trevi's mother. There were allegations also that, while fugitive, Trevi supposedly gave birth to a baby girl of Andrade, and that they left the baby to die. However, no body or evidence were found, so they were not charged with homicide. (Trevi would later admit in a comic strip that she does not know of the whereabouts of this daughter.) On November 27 of 2003 , Andrade was jailed in the same facility as Trevi, but they were not allowed to get in contact there. On February 24 , 2004 , Trevi was expecting to be set free by Mexico's justice system. She was denied freedom at the time. After she learned that she would not be allowed to go free, she began a hunger strike. On September 21 , 2004 , Trevi was acquitted and set free by a Mexican court, citing a lack of evidence in the case. She had spent nearly five years incarcerated in Brazil and Mexico. Trevi began a new tour in 2005 when she sang at a concert in Monterrey. The tour was cancelled when she arrived at Puerto Rico, however, because she tested positive in a pregnancy test, with the only leg of the tour to be carried on being a concert, alongside Olga Tañon and Ana Barbara , at Disney World in Orlando, Florida . She decided to carry on with the Disney World concert, in part, because she took her small son with her to that Florida theme park . ******************* file_id: 159493 allegation mistreat . file_id: 159493 member carry stage. file_id: 159493 female dress concert_attire. file_id: 159493 battle ensue prosecutor. file_id: 159493 prosecutor claim . file_id: 159493 tape hear_PASS singing_songs. file_id: 159493 authority begin . file_id: 159493 authority come agreement. ******************* The Langham Hotel is one of the largest and best known traditional style grand hotels in London. It is the district of Marylebone and faces up Portland Place towards Regent's Park. It is a member of the Leading Hotels of the World marketing consortium. The Langham Hotel was built between 1863 and 1865 at a cost of £300,000. It was then the largest and most modern hotel in the city, featuring a hundred water closets, thirty six bathrooms and the first hydraulic lifts in England. The opening ceremony was performed by the Prince of Wales. After the original company was liquidated during an economic slump, new management acquired the hotel for little more than half what it had cost to build, and it soon became a commercial success. In 1870 a former Confederate officer named James Sanderson was appointed general manager and the hotel developed an extensive American clientele, which included Mark Twain. It was also patronised by the likes of Napoleon III, Oscar Wilde, Antonin Dvorak, and Arturo Toscanini. Electric light was installed in the entrance and courtyard at the exceptionally early date of 1879, and Arthur Conan Doyle set Sherlock Holmes stories such as A Scandal in Bohemia and The Sign of Four partly at the Langham. Later celebrity guests included Noel Coward, Wallis Simpson, Don Bradman and Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia. The Langham was hard hit by the Great Depression and the owners attempted to sell the site to the BBC, but Broadcasting House was built on the other side of the road instead. During World War II the hotel was used in part by the Army and then damaged by bombs and forced to close. After the war, it was occupied by the BBC as ancillary accommodation to Broadcasting House, and the corporation purchased it outright in 1965. The ballroom became the BBC record library and programs such as The Goon Show were recorded there. In 1980 the BBC unsuccessfully applied for planning permission to demolish the building and replace it with an office development designed by Norman Foster. In 1986 it was sold to Ladbroke Group for £26 million, which purchased the non-US Hilton business in 1987 and eventually reopened the hotel as the Langham Hilton in 1991 after a £100 million refurbishment. New owners extended the hotel and carried out other refurbishments between 1998 and 2000. It has nearly five hundred rooms and suites. Hotels in London Official site ******************* file_id: 1608714 Later include ,_Wallis_Simpson_,_Don_Bradman_and_Emperor_Haile_Selassie. file_id: 1608714 New_owners extend hotel. ******************* In quantum physics , a quantum fluctuation is the temporary change in the amount of energy in a point in space, arising from Werner Heisenberg 's uncertainty principle . According to one formulation of the principle, energy and time can be related by the relation \Delta E \Delta t \approx {h \over 2 \pi} That means that conservation of energy can appear to be violated, but only for small times. This allows the creation of particle-antiparticle pairs of virtual particle s. The effects of these particles are measurable, for example, in the effective charge of the electron, different from its "naked" charge. In the modern view, energy is always conserved , but the eigenstate s of the Hamiltonian ( energy observable ) aren't the same as (don't commute with) the particle number operator s. Quantum fluctuations may have been very important in the origin of the structure of the universe: according to the model of inflation the ones that existed when inflation began were amplified and formed the seed of all current observed structure. ******************* file_id: 161253 Quantum_fluctuations be_PASS origin. file_id: 161253 Quantum_fluctuations begin . ******************* RTÉ News: Six One(or Six One News) is Radio Telefís Éireann's early evening news programme. It airs seven days a week at 6:01pm (18:01 GMT/ IST) on RTÉ One. On Saturdays and Sundays the programme is called Six One News And Sport (aka RTÉ News And Sport), reflecting the extended sports coverage, since most sports events take place on weekends. The programme is regularly presented by Bryan Dobson accompanied by Sharon Ní Bheoláin, and is the only RTÉ News bulletin with two presenters. The programme starts with a segment covering the main news stories of the day. After the first commercial break, there is typically an interview with a person connected with the main news story. This is followed by shorter, more off-beat, or regional reports. The final third of the programme includes a sports summary (with a separate presenter) and a business news round-up. During the summer months, Six One is usually contracted to a half-hour news bulletin. The summer break has however been getting shorter; in 2004, this lasted for only four weeks in August. The programme is broadcast daily on the Irish RTÉ One TV channel. It can also be watched in full as a Real Player video stream from its associated Internet webpage. Six-One has been RTÉ's flagship television news programme since its launch in October 1988. Its predecessor programme was known as " Newstime". It also went out at 6:01pm, but was preceded by an RTÉ News programme at 5:40pm. The programme's first lead male presenter, Seán Duignan, was later appointed Government Press Secretary by Albert Reynolds. In the early 1990s he was later replaced by Eammon Lawlor, who later moved to RTÉ Lyric FM. He in turn was replaced by current incumbent Bryan Dobson. It established its own place in political history when the expected winner of the 1990 presidential election campaign, Tánaiste(deputy prime minister) Brian Lenihan delivered what was universally accepted to be a disastrous live response to a crisis in his campaign. Seeking to deny that he had ever been part of unsuccessful efforts to force President Hillery to refuse a parliamentary dissolution in a way that would help Lenihan's party get back into power (claims he himself had made in an on-the-record taped interview recorded some months earlier), Lenihan tried to stare into the camera and kept telling viewers that "on mature recollection" his earlier version was wrong and that he had made no phone calls to the presidential residence to put pressure on the President. The programme also destroyed the political career of then Foreign Minister Gerard Collins, when in response to a leadership struggle in his party, an overly emotional, tearful Collins pleaded with the man challenging for the leadership not to "burst the party". Collins's own chances of leadership were perceived to have been destroyed by his performance on the live bulletin. Since the 1950s, RTÉ has broadcast a one minute period of silence except for the ringing of a church bell linked to the Angelus, a Catholic prayer, at 12noon and 6pm. Though periodic calls have been made for its removal, and few Irish people ever say the prayer, a number of religious faiths outside Roman Catholicism, notably the Church of Ireland, have called for its continuation, regarding the minute as offering a chance for reflection amid a busy television schedule. (The broadcast no longer carries Roman Catholic imagery, and instead focuses on images of people contemplating.) Because of this, the radio and television news bulletins start at one minute past six, hence the name. Some broadcasters at RTÉ privately welcome the delayed start time in the belief that it gives viewers a chance to catch the headlines on BBC, UTV or Sky News before switching over to catch the start of Six One. Some critics have mounted a campaign to abolish the Angelus on RTÉ. It is unclear whether RTÉ would move its bulletin back one minute to 6pm as that would mean that the newscast would be in direct competition to get viewers at the exact same time as other stations. Other RTÉ News programmes include: ******************* ******************* Microsoft Anti-Virus( MSAV) was a antivirus program introduced by Microsoft into its MS-DOS operating system. The program first appeared in version 6.0 and last appeared in version 6.22. The antivirus program was quite rudimentary, had no update facility and could scan for about 1,000 viruses. Microsoft later introduced a similar product into its Windows 3.11 range, called Microsoft Anti-Virus for Windows( MWAV). Similar to the MS-DOS version this did not have any update facility. This product became noted as determining that upgrade program of Windows 95 was detected as a computer virus, something which was embarrassing to Microsoft. The MS-DOS and Windows versions of the antivirus program had some common features, for instance its "Detect and Clean" strategy and could detect 1,234 distinct viruses. Other features included the detection of boot sector and trojan horse type viruses which typified the type of virus problems that occurred at this time. The program also had an anti-stealth and checksum feature that could be used to detect any changes in normal files. This technology was intended to make up for the unavailablity of regular update packages. Only one virus update was introduced since the original releases bringing the total protection to 2,371 viruses in 1996. The MS-DOS and Windows versions of the anti-virus program were written by Central Point Software Inc.(later acquired by Symantec Corporation in 1994) and were essentially stripped down versions of the Central Point Anti-Virus( CPAV) product which were later integrated into the Symantec Norton AntiVirus product. Later versions of Windows do not have any inbuilt antivirus protection, but the arrival of Microsoft AntiSpyware, the acquisition of RAV Antivirus from GECAD and the upcoming Windows OneCare anti-virus program have Microsoft specialists in the field suggesting the arrival of a new antivirus product for current or future versions of Microsoft Windows. ******************* file_id: 1626435 horse_type_viruses typify type. file_id: 1626435 version not_have protection. ******************* There has never been a Pope John XX . Some 11th century historians believed that there had been a pope named John between antipope Boniface VII and the actual Pope John XV ; thus, the series of Pope John XV to Pope John XIX was mistakenly numbered John XVI to XX. These popes have been renumbered as John XV to XIX; however, Pope John XXI to Pope John XXIII were numbered based on the confusion of having twenty Popes John before them. Hence, Pope John XX doesn't exist, having been skipped over in the enumeration of popes, and as the enumeration is now firmly established, it is unlikely that any attempt at rectification will be made. Some have used this discontinuity in numbering as "evidence" that there was a Pope Joan : See myths and legends surrounding the Papacy . In the humorous fantasy novel Jurgen , by James Branch Cabell , the protagonist learns of this omission. He gains admission to Heaven by pretending to be Pope John XX, there being no one to contradict him by claiming the title. ******************* file_id: 166102 attempt make_PASS . file_id: 166102 myths_and_legends surround papacy. ******************* The people residing in the State of Kuwait are primarily Arab in origin, but less than half of them are from the Arabian Peninsula . Many Arabs from nearby states took up residence in Kuwait because of the prosperity brought by oil production after the 1940s. However, following the liberation of Kuwait from Iraq i occupation in 1991, the Kuwaiti Government undertook a serious effort to reduce the expatriate population. Kuwait still has a sizable Iranian and Indian population. Seventy-five percent of native Kuwaitis are Sunni Muslim s, and 25% are Shi'a Muslim s. There are very few Kuwaiti Christian s. The 79% literacy rate, one of the Arab world's highest, is due to extensive government support for the education system. Public school education, including Kuwait University , is free, but access is restricted for foreign residents. The government sends qualified students abroad for degrees not offered at Kuwait University. About 1,000 Kuwaitis are currently studying in U.S. universities. Population: 2,335,648 note: includes 1,291,354 non-nationals (July 2005 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 27.2% (male 323,382; female 311,700) 15-64 years: 70.1% (male 1,045,589; female 591,243) 65 years and over: 2.7% (male 40,439; female 23,295) (2005 est.) Population growth rate: 3.44% (2005 est.) note: this rate reflects a return to pre-Gulf crisis immigration of expatriates Birth rate: 21.88 births/1,000 population (2005 est.) Death rate: 2.42 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.) Net migration rate: 14.96 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.) Sex ratio: at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.77 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.74 male(s)/female total population: 1.52 male(s)/female (2005 est.) Infant mortality rate: 9.95 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 77.03 years male: 76.01 years female: 78.1 years (2005 est.) Total fertility rate: 2.97 children born/woman (2005 est.) Nationality: noun: Kuwaiti(s) adjective: Kuwaiti Ethnic groups: Kuwaiti 45%, other Arab 35%, South Asian 9%, Iranian 4%, other 7% Religions: Muslim 85% (Sunni 45%, Shi'a 40%), Christian, Hindu, Parsi, and other 15% Languages: Arabic (official), English widely spoken Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 83.5% male: 85.1% female: 81.7% (2003 est.) See also : Kuwait ******************* file_id: 16687 access restrict_PASS resident. file_id: 16687 government send student. ******************* : This article is about the musical. For other meanings of this term see South Pacific . South Pacific is a musical play, written with music by Richard Rodgers and lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II that opened on Broadway on April 7 , 1949 , and ran for more than five years. It is generally considered to be one of the greatest musicals of all time and a number of its songs, such as Bali Ha'i , Younger than Springtime, and Some Enchanted Evening , have become worldwide standards. It was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1950 . The play is based upon two short stories by James A. Michener from his book Tales of the South Pacific , which itself was the winner of the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1948 . The original cast starred Mary Martin as the heroine Nellie Forbush and opera star Ezio Pinza as Emile de Becque, the French plantation owner. Also in the cast were Juanita Hall , Myron McCormick , Betta St. John , and William Tabbert . On a South Pacific island during World War II , a U.S. Navy nurse, Ensign Nellie Forbush, falls in love with a middle-aged French plantation owner, Emile de Becque. Meanwhile, the restless sailors of the Navy, led by the entrepreneurial seabee Luther Billis, are lamenting on the absence of women or combat to relieve their boredom, when Lieutenant Joe Cable of the U.S. Marine Corps arrives on the island to take part in a dangerous spy mission that would turn the tide of the war against the Japanese . As only officers can sign out boats, Billis notices this opportunity to be able to get over to the mysterious and valuable island of Bali Ha'i, and convinces Cable to accompany him. On Bali Ha'i, Bloody Mary, the native souvenir dealer, introduces him to her daughter, Liat, and the two fall in love. The two couples prosper, and proposals of marriage are made; however, Nellie is shocked to discover that Emile has mixed-race children from an earlier relationship, and Cable refuses to marry Liat due to her race, infuriating Mary. Dejected and with nothing to lose, Emile and Cable agree to go on their dangerous mission, successfully sending reports on enemy action. 'Operation Alligator' gets underway, and the previously idle sailors, including the reluctant Luther Billis, are sent into battle. Unfortunately, Cable is killed during the mission, and Emile narrowly escapes a similar fate to return home to the now-understanding Nellie and his children. The plot has often been labelled flimsy in favor of the popular and more well-known songs. However, the issue of racial prejudice is sensitively and candidly explored; James Michener claimed he was pressured to ask Rodgers and Hammerstein to take out the Joe Cable story, because it involved miscegenation. The musical was made into a successful film of 1958 , starring Rossano Brazzi and Mitzi Gaynor in the leading roles, with Juanita Hall in the part of Bloody Mary that she had played in the original stage production. Metropolitan Opera star Giorgio Tozzi provided the voice for the role of Emile de Becque. Kauai , one of the Hawaiian Islands , served as the filming location for the movie. The film is notorious for the use of colored filters during many of the song sequences, which has been almost universally poorly received. An elaborate television production in 2001 was directed by Richard Pearce and starred Glenn Close , Rade Serbedzija , Harry Connick Jr. , and Natalie Mendoza . ******************* file_id: 167964 emile mix_PASS race_children. file_id: 167964 film be use. ******************* The German word Fraktur (pronounced in IPA ) refers to a specific blackletter typeface . The term derives from the past participle of Latin frangere ("to break"), fractus ("broken"). As opposed to Antiqua (common) typefaces, modelled after antique Roman square capitals and Carolingian minuscule , the blackletter lines are broken up. Sometimes, all blackletter typefaces are called fraktur . One difference between the Fraktur and other blackletter scripts is that in the small-letter o , the left part of the bow is broken, but the right part is not. Besides the 26 letters of the Latin alphabet, and the ess-zet and vowels with umlaut s as well, Fraktur typefaces often include the long s , a variant form of the letter r, and a variety of ligature s once intended to aid the typesetter and which have specialized rules for their use. The first Fraktur typeface was designed when Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I (r. 1493 – 1519 ) established a series of books and had a new typeface created specifically for this purpose. Fraktur quickly overtook the earlier Schwabacher and Textualis typefaces in popularity, and a wide variety of Fraktur fonts were carved. As opposed to other countries, in Germany, typesetting in Fraktur was entirely common still in the 19th century . Some books from the time used Schwabacher still; however, the predominant typeface was the Normalfraktur (Fig. 1), which came in various slight variations. Since the 18th century , the Fraktur was replaced more and more by antiqua because of the obvious communication problems with non-native German speakers. However, in an attempt to deliberately differentiate Germany from the rest of the Western world, it was reinforced by Nazi Germany , which pronounced that Antiqua typefaces were not Aryan . This policy was officially upheld until January 3 , 1941 , when Martin Bormann issued a circular letter to all public offices which suddenly declared Fraktur to be Judenlettern (Jewish letters) and prohibited further use. It has been speculated that the régime had realized that Fraktur would inhibit communication in the territories occupied during World War II , but the main problem there was the Fraktur-based handwriting of the German occupiers; the real reason may have been a desire to use fonts and equipment confiscated outside Germany for the printing of German language texts. Fraktur saw a short resurgence after the War because many printers did not have the money for new typefaces during the economic hardships of (roughly) 1945-1955, but after the economy started to recover it was quickly abandoned. Fraktur is today used merely for decorative typesetting; for example, a number of traditional German newspapers still print their name in Fraktur on the first page, and it is also popular for pub signs. In this modern decorative use the Fraktur rules about long s and short s or about ligature s are often disregarded. Isolated Fraktur letters are also used in mathematics , e.g. to denote Lie algebra s, σ-algebra s or ring ideal s. Earlier versions of the Volapük language added vowel s from Fraktur to the Roman ones. Later versions substituted them by the Roman version with a diaresis . (The German sentence in the figures reads: "Victor jagt zwölf Boxkämpfer quer über den Sylter Deich". This is a nonsense sentence meaning "Victor chases twelve box fighters across the dike of Sylt ", but contains all 26 letters of the alphabet plus the German umlauts and is thus an example of a pangram .) ******************* file_id: 168760 all_blackletter_typefaces call_PASS fraktur. file_id: 168760 fonts_and_equipment confiscate_PASS Germany. file_id: 168760 version substitute Roman_version. ******************* Robert Dick Wilson( February 4, 1856– 1930) was an American linguist and Presbyterian scholar who made major contributions in verifying the reliability of the Hebrew Bible. In his quest to determine the accuracy of the original manuscripts, Wilson eventually learned 45 languages, including Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek, as well as all the languages into which the Scriptures had been translated up to 600 AD. Wilson was born in Indiana, Pennsylvania. He proved himself an outstanding language student even as an undergraduate. While at Princeton University, he was able to read the New Testament in nine languages. He graduated from Princeton at the age of 20, later receiving a master's degree and doctorate before doing post-graduate work in Germany at the Humboldt University of Berlin. In 1883, Wilson became Professor of the Old Testament at Western Theological Seminary (later known as Pittsburgh Theological Seminary), where he had done some of his graduate studies. In 1900, he returned to Princeton as the William Henry Green Professor of Semitic Languages and Old Testament Criticism at Princeton Theological Seminary. Throughout his career, he opposed the higher criticism theory, which held that the Bible was inaccurate on many points and not historically reliable. Professor Wilson wrote, "I have come to the conviction that no man knows enough to attack the veracity of the Old Testament. Every time when anyone has been able to get together enough documentary 'proofs' to undertake an investigation, the biblical facts in the original text have victoriously met the test" (quoted in R. Pache, The Inspiration and Authority of Scripture). In the late 1920s, he left Princeton to teach at the new, conservative Westminster Theological Seminary. Among his other works, Wilson contributed articles to the International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, a noted Bible reference of the early 20th century. ******************* file_id: 1687846 scholar make contribution. file_id: 1687846 documentary undertake investigation. file_id: 1687846 seminary contribute article. ******************* PuLSE Radio(or PuLSEfm) is the official radio station of the London School of Economics Students' Union(LSESU). Self-described as "the pulsating heart of the LSE", it is part of the LSESU's Media Group, which consists of PuLSEfm, The Beaver newspaper, and a journal, The Script. Mainly a music radio station, PuLSE is staffed by student volunteers who act as D.J.s, technicians, and producers, and is funded by the LSESU, advertising revenue, and donations. During term term PuLSE can be heard broadcasting live in the LSE Union Café and Shop, and via the PuLSE website. ******************* file_id: 1692561 PuLSE staff_PASS student_volunteers. ******************* The K-wing, also known as the Koensayr BTL-S8 K-Wing Assault Starfighter is a bomber class starfighter as shown in the Star Wars book trilogy The Black Fleet Crisis . It was one of the most recent starfighters produced by Koensayr, which was the same company responsible for producing the Y-wing for the New Republic's ongoing conflict with the Imperial Remnant. Like the X-wing and A-wing starfighters, and most other New Republic starfighters, the K-wing was designed to perform a special role in combat. The K-wing starfighter's missions included precision bombing of planetary targets, slow moving capital ships and space stations, close-range combat, and serving as both an escort fighter and short-range reconnaissance vehicle. The K-wing consists of two large maneuvering wings connected to a large, fixed stabilizer. Primary thrust turbines located at the junction between the stabilizer and wings provide the K-wing with sublight speed similar to the Y-wing's top speed despite its greater size. An ion engine mounted near the rear of the main stabilizer allows extremely fast acceleration for short bursts. The K-wing lacks a hyperdrive and must rely on large fleet carriers. To fulfill its role in the New Republic Defense Force, the K-wing supports a deadly arsenal for a vehicle of its size. There are 18 hard points which spread across the vehicle's 3 wings that allow New Republic engineers to arm the vehicle with a large variety of weapons including concussion missiles, sublight torpedoes and floating mines. The disadvantage to this system is that once a K-wing fires its last weapon, it has to return back to its docking bay to rearm. When it is attacked by enemy fighters, the K-wing can open fire with a short-range quad turbolaser turret and a medium-range twin laser cannon turret mounted on its command module. It is also equipped with a deflector shield. Because of its large amount of weapons, the K-wing requires a gunner. The pilot and gunner sit in small cockpits on either side of the command module. The command module can also detach from the rest of the ship to serve as an escape pod. ******************* file_id: 1698463 thrust_turbines locate_PASS junction. file_id: 1698463 pilot_and_gunner sit cockpit. ******************* The National Agricultural Statistics Service(NASS), as part of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, collects, summarizes, analyzes, and publishes agricultural production and marketing data on a wide range of items; statistical highlights summarize frequently requested data for the most recent year. An extensive collection of reports and datasets cover the number of farms and land in farms; areas, yield, production, and stocks of grains, hay, oilseeds, cotton, potatoes, tobacco, fruits, selected vegetables, floriculture, and selected specialty crops; inventories and production of hogs, cattle, sheep and wool, goats and mohair, mink, catfish, trout, poultry, eggs, and dairy products; prices received by farmers for products, prices paid for commodities and services, and related indexes; cold storage supplies; agricultural chemical use; and related areas of the agricultural economy. Estimates for approximately 120 crops and 45 livestock items are published in 400 reports each year. ******************* file_id: 1705017 highlight summarize . file_id: 1705017 price receive_PASS farmer. file_id: 1705017 price pay commodities_and_services. ******************* The Bhutan Broadcasting Service is the national radio and television service in Bhutan. Run by the state, it is currently the only service to offer both radio and television to the Kingdom, and is the only television service to broadcast from inside the Bhutanese border. For many years, Bhutan did not have modern telecommunications. The first radio broadcasts commenced in November 1973, when the National Youth Association of Bhutan(NYAB) began radio transmissions of news and music for a half-hour each Sunday, under the name "Radio NYAB." The transmitter was first rented from a local telegraph office in Thimphu. The government took over Radio NYAB in 1979, and renamed it the Bhutan Broadcasting Service in 1986, with expansions in radio scheduling as well as construction of a modern broadcast facility occurring in 1991. The first night of television broadcasts finally occurred on June 2, 1999, on the night of the Jigme Singye Wangchuk's silver jubilee. Currently, television service is limited to the capital city. News, documentaries, and entertainment programs were originally broadcast for three hours in the evening (7 p.m. to 10 p.m.), seven days a week, but expanded to four hours (6 p.m. to 10 p.m.) in December 2004. Most of the programming is aired in Dzongkha, but some current events and news programs are also aired in English. As of 2005, FM and shortwave radio service reaches about 75 percent of the country. The service plans to reach the rest of Bhutan by 2010. ******************* file_id: 1721705 National_Youth_Association_of_Bhutan(NYAB) begin radio_transmissions. file_id: 1721705 telecommunications be . ******************* Kabarole is a district of western Uganda. The chairman of the district, Augustine Bafaaki Kayonga, is also the head of the local government. The seat of government is in Fort Portal, the mayor of which is Edson Asaba Ruyonga. The residents of Fort Portal are mainly of the Batooro ethnicity, but the district has diverse cultures and people, such as the Bakiga. Kabarole District was originally much larger and was made up of present-day Kamwenge, Kyenjojo and Kabarole. The Toro kingdom is headed by Rukidi IV. While in western Uganda you can listen to the local radio station Voice of Toro on 101 FM. It serves the whole of western Uganda and some parts of the central. ******************* file_id: 1735552 district have cultures_and_people. ******************* Shortstop , abbreviated SS , is the baseball fielding position between second and third base . Shortstop is often regarded as the most dynamic defensive position in baseball, because there are more right-handed hitters in baseball than left-handed hitters, and most hitters have a tendency to pull the ball slightly, so more balls go to the shortstop than any other position. In the numbering system used to record defensive plays, the shortstop is assigned the number 6. Shortstops are required to cover second base in double play situations when the ball is hit to the second baseman, first baseman , pitcher , or catcher . They often cover second when a runner is attempting a stolen base . They also must cover third at various times, including the rotation play; that is, when there are runners on first and second and a sacrifice bunt is attempted. Shortstops generally are given precedence on catching pop-ups in the infield as well, so they end up calling off other players many times, although on deep pop-ups they fall back when called off by an outfielder . Traditionally, players are selected as shortstops for their fielding prowess, but in recent years more shortstops with excellent hitting have entered the leagues as well. ******************* file_id: 173555 hitter have tendency. file_id: 173555 shortstop require_PASS . file_id: 173555 player select_PASS shortstop. ******************* The American League Against War and Fascism was a Comintern affiliate organization formed in 1933 by CPUSA and pacifists united by their concern as Nazism and Fascism rose in Europe. It published "The FIGHT against War and Fascism" broadsheet. Henry F. Ward, a Methodist minister and chairman of the American Civil Liberties Union, became chairman of the League. Communist publications were widely distributed throughout churches. It was a major campaign by the CPUSA to infiltrate the churches and enlist church members into the American League. Reverend Hermann F. Reissig of the League stated that church members had the duty 'neither to commend nor to vindicate religious beliefs or organizations. Our function is to use religious forces in the defense of the masses of people." The executive committee which did actually planning was known as the Natal Bureau. On 9 August 1935 the Bureau issued a plan targeting trade unions and religious groups for special attention. Roman Catholics were the first target. The plans targeted the International Association of Catholic Alumni, League of Catholic Men, Knights of Columbus, Catholic Association for International Peace, and various Catholic women's groups. Jewish religious, cultural, fraternal and Zionist groups also were listed as targets. Among Protestants, attention was to be given to the YMCA ministerial associations, local parishes, and adherents of the Lutheran and Reformed faiths, 'because of their German traditions and friendships.' " By 1935 the League claimed membership of 3,291,906 Americans, which rose and to 7,836,691 by the outbreak of the European war in 1939. There were actual number of dues paying members was about 20,000. The League claimed 241 affiliated groups, eighty of them being in New York City. In 1937 it became the American League for Peace and Democracy. Helen Silvermaster was associated with this group. Its communist elements then influenced the founding of the American Peace Mobilization front. ******************* file_id: 1745289 Against_War_and_Fascism have . ******************* Play UK, formerly known as UK Play, was part of the UKTV Network. The British television channel was launched (as UK Play) on 10 October 1998. The channel was aimed at playing (for most of the time) music in the morning and afternoon while broadcasting comedy in the evening. Play UK broadcasted all day on the digital platforms but on the Astra 1 (Sky Analogue) satellite system, it broadcasted between 1am and 7am when UK Horizons was not broadcasting. It closed on 30 September 2002 due to low ratings because of the closure of ITV Digital in May 2002. Play UK's comedy programming was then moved to UK Gold (now UKTV Gold). The majority of the music programmes broadcasted (quizzes, interviews and compliations) on Play UK were produced by themselves. Play UK also repeated TOTP2 , which was originally broadcast on BBC Two. Most of the comedy programming on Play UK had already been broadcasted on the BBC's channels. Play UK also produced original comedy programming as well as those already broacasted on the BBC's channels. Later on, Play UK also broadcasted American comedy and animation. ******************* file_id: 1750725 quizzes_,_interviews_and_compliations produce_PASS . ******************* Decoder Ring is an experimental electronic- rock crossover group from Sydney, Australia, formed in 2001 by Matt Fitzgerald and members of The Jackson Code, Sea Life Park and El Mopa. The band has wrote the soundtrack for two films, both of which were shown at the Cannes Film Festival: the 2004 Australian film Somersault , and the 2005 short feature Jewboy by writer/director Tony Krawitz. All the band's performances are accompanied by film projections put on by Simon Killalea who, while not playing an instrument, is considered a member of the band.__NOTOC__ ******************* file_id: 1752971 band accompany_PASS film_projections. ******************* Superatoms are clusters of atoms which seem to exhibit some of the properties of elemental atoms. Sodium atoms when left to condense in clusters from vapour naturally form into clusters of 8, 20, 40, 58 or 92 atoms (the magic numbers). The first of these can be recognised as the number of electrons in filled s and p orbitals. The suggestion is that free electrons in the cluster form atomic like structure (larger numbers show deviations from the number of electrons in a shell as the potential is not central). The atomic properties of this structure should mimic the atomic properties of atoms with filled s and p orbitals, i.e. the noble gases. Certain aluminium cluster s have superatom properties. These aluminium clusters are generated as anions(Al n - with n = 1,2,3...) in a helium gas and reacted with a gas containing methyliodide. When analyzed by mass spectroscopy one main reaction product turns out to be Al 13 I - . This clusters of 13 aluminium atoms with an extra electron added does also appear not to react with oxygen when it is introduced in the same gas stream. Assuming each atom liberates its 3 valence electrons, this means that there are 40 electrons present, which is one of the magic numbers noted above for sodium, and implies that these numbers are a reflection of the noble gases. Calculations show that the additional electron is located in the aluminium cluster at the location directly opposite from the iodine atom. The cluster must therefore have a higher electron affinity for the electron than iodine and therefore the aluminium cluster is called a superhalogen. The cluster component in Al 13 I - ion is similar to a iodine ion or better still a bromine atom. The related Al 13 I 2 - cluster is expected to behave chemically like the triiodide ion Similarly it has been noted that clusters with one greater than the magic numbers appear to exhibit the properties of an alkali metal Bergeron/2005 . D. E. Bergeron, P. J. Roach, A.W. Castleman Jr., N.O. Jones, S. N. Khanna Science, Vol 307, Issue 5707, 231-235 , 14 January Abstract MS spectrum ******************* file_id: 1758807 superatom be cluster. file_id: 1758807 superatom exhibit . file_id: 1758807 Sodium_atoms leave_PASS . file_id: 1758807 Certain_aluminium_cluster have property. file_id: 1758807 aluminium_clusters generate_PASS anion. file_id: 1758807 calculation show . ******************* Microsoft Outlook is a personal information manager from Microsoft , and is part of the Microsoft Office suite. Although often used mainly as an e-mail application, it also provides calendar , task and contact management. It can be used as a stand-alone application , but can also operate in conjunction with Microsoft Exchange Server to provide enhanced functions for multiple users in an organization, such as shared mailboxes and calendars, public folders and meeting time allocation. Versions for Microsoft Windows include: Microsoft also released several versions of Outlook for the Apple Macintosh ; however, most mail features were disabled after Office 98. After Office 98, Entourage replaced Outlook on Macintosh systems, however in 2001 , Microsoft released Outlook 2001 for Mac to allow Classic users to access Exchange servers. Outlook Express is a slimmed-down email, newsgroup , and contact management application that Microsoft makes available at no charge, in conjunction with the Internet Explorer web browser. Other than the confusingly similar name it has very little in common with Outlook. One of Microsoft's goals is for the email client to be easy to use. However, the embedded automation and lack of security features compared to competitors (omitted to avoid inconveniencing unsophisticated users (Lotus Notes)) have been repeatedly exploited by malicious hacker s using email viruses . These typically take the form of an email attachment which executes on the user's machine and replicates itself by mass-mailing the user's or Exchange server's address list. Examples of such viruses are the Melissa and Sobig worms . Other programs have exploited Outlook's HTML email capabilities to execute malicious code or confirm that email addresses are valid targets for spam . The noteriety of the worms and other viruses has gained Outlook a reputation as a highly insecure email platform. Famous Unix programmer Bill Joy has suggested that Outlook is insecure largely because it was written in C , making it easy to write programs to exploit it. He also believes the widespread use of Outlook is a major contributing factor in the proliferation of spam . His views are shared by many leading IT professionals. As part of its Trusted Computing initiative, Microsoft has recently taken corrective steps to fix Outlook's reputation in its latest incarnation, Office Outlook 2003. Among the most publicized security features are that Office Outlook 2003 does not automatically load images in HTML emails, and includes a built-in spam filter . The base code is also said to be much more secure. As of July 2005 , this most recent release has been well received, and regarded as the primary driver of Office upgrades among business users. Instances of new worms have slowed significantly, however, due to the release of numerous security updates and Service Packs which have corrected the known vulnerabilities exploited by previous viruses. ******************* file_id: 176271 version include . file_id: 176271 mail_features disable_PASS Office. file_id: 176271 automation_and_lack compare_PASS competitor. file_id: 176271 example be and_Sobig_worms. file_id: 176271 email_viruses be . file_id: 176271 program exploit . file_id: 176271 instance slow_PASS . ******************* The Special Criminal Court( Irish Cúirt Choiriúil Speisialta) is a juryless criminal court in the Republic of Ireland which tries terrorist and organized crime cases. Article 38 of the Constitution of Ireland empowers the Dáil to establish "special courts" with wide-ranging powers when "the ordinary courts are inadequate to secure the effective administration of justice". The court was first established by the Dáil under the Offences Against the State Act, 1939 to prevent the Irish Republican Army from subverting Ireland's neutrality during World War II( see: the Emergency). The current incarnation of the Special Criminal Court dates from 1972, just after the Troubles in Northern Ireland began. The court is composed of three judges appointed by the government from among the judges of the ordinary courts, usually one from the High Court, one from the Circuit Court and one from the District Court. The court sits as a three-judge panel with no jury, and verdicts are by majority vote. Verdicts can be appealed to the Court of Criminal Appeal. In 2004, justice minister Michael McDowell announced his intention to establish a second Special Criminal Court to speed up the trial process. The court tries offences under the following laws: Offences under these acts are known as "scheduled offences". These scheduled offences range from illegal possession of firearms, to importing seditious foreign newspapers, to threatening to damage property. The court can also try other, non-scheduled offences if the Director of Public Prosecutions issues a certificate stating that the ordinary courts are inadequate to handle the case. Although the court was initially set up to handle terrorism-related crime, it has been handling more and more organized crime cases after the Provisional IRA ceasefire in the 1990s. For instance, members of the drugs gang which murdered journalist Veronica Guerin were tried in the Special Criminal Court. The Special Criminal Court has been criticized by the Irish Council for Civil Liberties, Amnesty International and the United Nations Commission on Human Rights. Among the criticisms are the lack of a jury, and the increasing use of the court to try organized "ordinary" crimes rather than the terrorist cases it was originally set up to handle. Critics also argue that the court is now obsolete since there is no longer a serious terrorist threat to the State ( see: Northern Ireland peace process). Under the law, the court may accept the opinion of a Garda Síochána superintendent as evidence that a suspect is a member of an illegal organization. (However, the court has been reluctant to convict on the word of a garda alone, without any corroborating evidence.) The Sinn Féin political party have also been critical of the Special Criminal Court, although it never saw the same level of miscarriages of justice that occurred in England in the 1970s. Some prominent Sinn Féin members (including Martin Ferris and Martin McGuinness) have been convicted of offences by it. Most famous is the case of Nicky Kelly, who was convicted along with two other men by the Special Criminal Court in 1978 of carrying out the Sallins Train Robbery. All three convictions were later overturned after it was found that the suspects had been assaulted by gardaí while in custody. In 2003, Michael McKevitt was convicted of "directing terrorism" and "membership of an illegal organization" for his role as leader of the Real IRA. In 2001, Dundalk man Colm Murphy was convicted of "conspiracy to cause an explosion likely to endanger life or cause injury", in connection with the Omagh bombing. In January 2005, Murphy's conviction was quashed and a retrial ordered by the Court of Criminal Appeal, on the grounds that two gardaí had falsified interview notes, and that Murphy's previous convictions were improperly taken into account by the trial judges . ******************* ******************* Hari Seldon is the intellectual hero of Isaac Asimov 's Foundation Series . In his supreme capacity as mathematics professor at Streeling University on Trantor , he developed psychohistory , allowing him to predict the future in probabilistic terms. His ability to predict disasters is the reason behind his nickname "Raven" Seldon. In the first five books of the Foundation Series , Hari Seldon made only one in-the-flesh appearance, in the first chapter of the first book ( Foundation ), although he did appear other times as pre-recorded messages. After writing five books in chronological order, Asimov went back with two books to better describe the initial process. The two prequels— Prelude to Foundation and Forward the Foundation — describe his life in considerable detail. He is also the central character of the Second Foundation Trilogy written after Asimov's death ( Foundation's Fear by Gregory Benford , Foundation and Chaos by Greg Bear , and Foundation's Triumph by David Brin ), which are set between Asimov's two prequels. Born in the 11,988th year of the Galactic Era (GE) (-79FE); died 12,069 (1FE). He was born on the planet Helicon in the Arcturus sector. His father was a tobbacco grower in a hydoponics plant. He showed precocious mathematical abilities at a very early age. His biography was written by Gaal Dornick . Using psychohistory, Seldon found the right time and place to set up a new society, one that would replace the collapsing Galactic Empire by sheer force of social pressure, over a thousand-year time span. As a thirty-two year old assistant professor of mathematics at Helicon University, Seldon visits Trantor from his native Helicon to attend the Decennial Mathematics Convention. He presents a paper which indicates that one could theoretically predict the Galactic Empire's future. At first, Seldon has no idea how this could be done in practice, and he is fairly confident that no one could actually fulfill the possibility. Shortly after his presentation, he becomes a lightning rod for political forces who want to use psychohistory for their own purposes. The rest of the novel tells of his flight, which lasts for approximately a year and which takes him through the complex and variegated world of Trantor. During his flight to escape the various political factions, he discovers how psychohistory can be made a practical science. It is in this novel that he meets his future wife Dors Venabili , future adopted son Raych Seldon , and future partner Yugo Amaryl. This novel is actually told as a sequence of short stories , just as was the case with the original trilogy. They take place at intervals a decade or more apart, and tell the story of Hari's life, starting about ten years after Prelude and ending with his death. The stories contrast his increasingly successful professional life with his increasingly unsuccessful personal life. In his capacity as First Minister, he gains the nickname Raven for his dire predictions of the future. ******************* file_id: 178048 ability predict disaster. ******************* Oium(from Aujom, meaning "in the waterlands" in Gothic) was according to Jordanes, a name for Scythia, where the Goths settled after leaving Gothiscandza. Archaeologically, it corresponds to the Gothic Chernyakhov culture, and geographically to Ukraine. Jordanes gave an account of Goth history in Oium, of which parts can be corroborated by archaeology and of which other parts were the result of blending the Goths with classic history and Greek mythology, putting the Goths in the place of Scythians, Dacians and Thracians. This was probably inspired by a need to give the Goths a more glorious past to compensate for their barbaric and unremarkable Scandinavian origins. Jordanes relates that their king Filimer lead the Goths searching for suitable lands and when they found Oium they were delighted with the richness of the land. When half the army had passed a bridge, the bridge collapsed and so no one could pass the area anymore. The Goths claimed the land for themselves and defeated the previous inhabitants, the Spali(which probably was the ruling Sarmatian clan). They then claimed the plains near the Azov Sea. The Goths then made a second migration to Moesia, Dacia and Thrace, but then they returned to Oium in a third migration and settled again north of the Black Sea. They settled down and were divided under ruling dynasties. The Visigoths were ruled by the Balþi and the Ostrogoths by the Amali. This account fits well the patterns of the Wielbark culture and the Chernyakhov culture, which show a Germanic migration from the Vistula Basin to Ukraine. Perhaps in order to make up for their not very prestigious origins in the distant and barbaric Scandza, Jordanes (or Cassiodorus) made use of classic sources putting the Goths in the place of Scythians, Dacians and Thracian s. Jordanes wrote that the Goths fought Sesostris, the king of Egypt(1291 BC-1212 BC) under their king Tanausis. After a battle at the river of Phasis, in Georgia, they pursued the Egyptians all the way back to Egypt. After Tanausis death, the Goths were once away pillaging, and a neighbouring tribe tried to kidnap the Goth women. However, the women defended themselves and defeated the attackers under the leaders Lampeto and Lampesia. The two leaders cast lots, and Lampesia pursued the enemy into Asia where she conquered many tribes and apparently formed the Amazons. The Goth king Antyrus was approached by Darius, the king of Persia( 521 to 485 BC), who wanted to marry his daughter. Antyrus refused the marriage and was attacked by Darius, and after Darius by his son Xerxes. None of the attacks was successful. Philipp II allied with the Goths by marrying Medopa who was the daughter of king Gudila(a Thracia n king). However, Philip needed gold and wanted to pillage the town of Odessos, a town belonging to the Goths. The Goths sent out their Godis who were dressed in white and played harps, chanting to their gods to help them. This stunned the Macedonians so much that they returned. Much later, a king named Sitalces(a Thracian king 431- 424 BC) wanted revenge, gathered 150 000 men and attacked the Athenians. He fought Perdiccas II, whom Alexander I had left as a ruler, and the Goths laid Greece waste. When Burebista was king (a Dacian king 70 BC- 44 BC), he received a priestly reformer named Decaeneus, and this Decaeuneus advised the Goths to pillage Germania. He also gave the Goths laws, named bi-lageineis( lag= law), taught them logic, philosophy and astrology. Then he selected a priestly elite who was taught theology and named them the Pilleati(those who wore felt hats). The remainder of the Goths were called the Capillati(bare-headed). Julius Caesar tried to subdue the Goths without success, and the Goths also remained free during the reign of Tiberius. When Decaeneus was dead, Comosicus took his place, and after Comosicus, Scoryllus ruled the Goths in Dacia. A long time passed and the Romans were ruled by Emperor Domitian(A.D. 81- 96). As the Goths (historically, the Dacians) feared his avarice, they broke the truce with the Romans and pillaged the banks of the Danube and killed the soldiers and the generals. At this time Diurpaneus(king Duras-Diurpaneus of Dacia 69– 86 or Decebalus who ruled 87- 106) was king of the Goths and Oppius Sabinus was the governor of Moesia(having succeeded Fontejus Agrippa( 69– 70). In 85, the Goths (Dacians) beheaded Oppius Sabinus and plundered many Roman cities and fortifications. Domitian arrived with the legions to Illyria and sent Fuscus with a selected force. Fuscus used boats to build a pontoon bridge and crossed the Danube upstreams from the Goths. The Gothic army defeated the Romans, killed Fuscus and pillaged the Roman camp ( 86 AD). After this use of Dacian, Thracian and Scythian history, Jordanes returns to Gothic tradition by reciting the line of descent of the Gothic royal family from Gapt(Gaut or Odin). This digression is followed by a statement that the Goths entered Moesia and Thrace in the late 2nd century where they stayed for some time. Based on Quintus Aurelius Symmachus, he writes that Emperor Maximinus Thrax( 235 AD - 238 AD) was the son of a Goth who arrived at this time and an Alan woman. In the Hervarar saga, the Scandinavian Heidrek usurps the Gothic throne in Reidgotaland. In this saga, the Goths capital is called Arheimar and is located on the Danpar( Dniepr). Heidrek appears to establish a first contact with the Huns by kidnapping the Hun Princess Sifka, raping her and sending her back to the Huns pregnant with Hlod. When Heidrek dies in the Carpathians, his son Angantyr succeeds him. However, his second son Hlod, who had grown up with the Huns, claims his inheritance and attacks with a Hunnish horde comprising 350 000 mounted warriors. The Goths are aided by the old Geatish king Gizur, and the war ends in an epic battle on the plains of the Danube, when Angantyr slays his brother Hlod. ******************* file_id: 1781126 part corroborate_PASS archaeology. file_id: 1781126 goth search land. file_id: 1781126 goth behead Oppius_Sabinus. file_id: 1781126 fuscus use boat. ******************* Lincoln(pronounced "Ling-k'n") is a cathedral city and county town of Lincolnshire, England, a bridging point over the River Witham, with a population, at the 2001 Census of 85,963 for the city proper. The population for the whole built-up area ("Lincoln Urban Area") was 104,221, up 6.4% from the 1991 figure of 97,996. Its twin town is Neustadt, Germany. Under the Romans, Lincoln was a flourishing colony named Colonia Domitiana Lindensium, founded under Domitian, and was at the northern end of the Fosse Way Roman road. The stone Newport Arch, which was the northern gateway to the Roman city, is the only Roman arch in England through which traffic still passes. Only foundations and fragments of the other three Roman gateways remain. The Romans also dug the Fosseway Canal(Fossdyke), linking the rivers Witham and Trent, and also dug an inland quay at the Brayford Pool('bray ford' means 'the place to cross the swamp'). This allowed boats to get freely all the way to Lincoln and beyond, and the city became a flourishing inland port. During this period it was populated mainly by the local populace and retired legionnaires. After the legions left in 410, the drainage ditches and waterways fell into decline, and by the close of the 5th century the city was virtually deserted. After the first destructive Viking raids the city once again rose to some importance. In Viking times Lincoln was a trading centre important enough to issue coins from its own mint. After the establishment of Dane Law in 886, Lincoln became one of The Five Boroughs in the East Midlands. Over the next few centuries, Lincoln once again rose to prominence. In 1068, two years after the Norman Conquest, William I ordered a castle to be built on the site of the former Roman settlement. The first Lincoln Cathedral, within its or walled precinct facing the castle was commenced when the see was removed from Dorchester and completed in 1092; it was rebuilt after a fire but was destroyed by an unusual earthquake in 1185. The rebuilt Lincoln Minster, enlarged to the east at each rebuilding, was on magnificent scale, its crossing tower crowned by a spire 160 m (525 feet) high, the highest in Europe. The bishops of Lincoln were among the magnates of medieval England: Lincolnshire, the largest diocese, had more monasteries than the rest of England put together, and the diocese was supported by large estates outside the county. When the Magna Carta was drawn up in 1215, one of the witnesses was Hugh of Wells, Bishop of Lincoln. A copy is now preserved in Lincoln Castle. Among the most famous bishops of Lincoln were Robert Bloet, the magnificent justiciar to Henry I; Hugh of Avalon, the cathedral builder canonized as Saint Hugh of Lincoln; Robert Grosseteste, the 13th century intellectual; Henry Cardinal Beaufort, a politician deeply involved in the Wars of the Roses; Philip Repyngdon, chaplain to Henry IV of England and defender of Wycliffe; Thomas Cardinal Wolsey. The administrative centre was the Bishop's Palace, the third element in the central complex. When it was built in the late 12th century, the Bishops' Palace was one of the most important buildings in England. Built by the canonized bishop Hugh of Lincoln, the palace's East Hall range over a vaulted undercroft is the earliest surviving example of a roofed domestic hall. The chapel range and entrance tower were built by Bishop William of Alnwick, who modernised the palace in the 1430s. Both Henry VIII and James I were guests of bishops here; the palace was sacked by royalist troops during the Civil War in 1648. By 1150, Lincoln was amongst the wealthiest towns in Britain. The basis of the economy was cloth and wool, exported to Flanders; Lincoln weavers had set up a guild in 1130 to produce Lincoln Cloth, especially the fine dyed "scarlet" and "green" the reputation of which was later enhanced by Robin Hood wearing "Lincoln Green". In the Guildhall that surmounts a city gate, the ancient Council Chamber contains Lincoln's civic insignia, probably the finest collection of civic regalia outside London. Outside the precincts of cathedral and castle, the old quarter clustered outside the Bailgate, and down Steep Hill to the High Bridge, which bears half-timbered housing, the upper storey jettied out over the river, as London Bridge once had. There are three ancient churches: St. Mary le Wigford and St. Peter at Gowts are both 11th century in origin and St Mary Magdalene, built in the late 13th century, is an unusual English dedication to the saint whose cult was coming greatly into vogue on the Continent at that time. Lincoln was home to one of the five most important Jewish communities in England, well established before it was officially noted in 1154. In 1190, anti-semitic riots that started in Lynn, Norfolk, spread to Lincoln; the Jewish community took refuge with royal officials, but their habitations were plundered. The so-called "House of Aaron" has a two-storey street frontage that is essentially 12th century and a nearby "Jew's House" likewise bears witness to the Jewish population. In 1255, the affair called “The Libel of Lincoln” in which prominent Jews of Lincoln, accused of the ritual murder of a Christian boy (" Little Saint Hugh of Lincoln" in medieval folklore) were sent to the Tower of London and 18 were executed. The Jews were expelled en masse in 1290. During the 14th century, the city's fortunes began to decline. The lower city was prone to flooding, becoming increasingly isolated, and plagues were common. In 1409, the city was made a county corporate. The dissolution of the monasteries further exacerbated Lincoln's problems, and between 1642 and 1651, during the English Civil War, Lincoln was on the frontier between the Royalist and Parliamentary forces. Military control of the city therefore changed hands numerous times. Many buildings were badly damaged. Lincoln now had no major industry, no easy access to the sea and was poorly placed. As a consequence of this, while the rest of the country was beginning to prosper in the beginning of the 1700s, Lincoln suffered immensely, travellers often commenting on the state of what had essentially become a "one street" town. The Reformation cut off the main source of diocasan income and dried up the network of patronage controlled by the bishop. When the great spire rotted and collapsed in 1549 and was not replaced, it was a sign of Lincoln's decline; however, the comparative poverty of post-medieval Lincoln preserved structures that would have been lost in more prosperous contexts. By the Georgian era, Lincoln's fortunes began to pick up, thanks in part to the Agrarian Revolution. The re-opening of the Foss Dyke allowed things like coal to be brought to the city. Coupled with the arrival of the railway links, Lincoln boomed again during the industrial Revolution, and several world-famous companies arose, such as Ruston's, Smith-Clayton's, Proctor's, and William Foster's. Lincoln began to excel in heavy engineering, building diesel engine trains, steam shovels, and all manner of heavy machinery. Lincoln was hit by a major typhoid epidemic between November 1904 and August 1905, caused by polluted drinking water from Hartsholme Lake and the River Witham. Over 1000 people contracted the disease and fatalities totalled 113. Westgate Water Tower was constructed to provide new water supplies to the city. In the world wars Lincoln naturally switched to war production. The first tanks were designed and built in Lincoln by William Foster & Co. Ltd during the First World War and population growth provided more workers for even greater expansion. During the Second World War, Lincoln produced a vast array of war goods, from tanks, aircraft, munitions, and military vehicles. Ruston and Hornsby produced diesel engines for ships and locomotives, then by teaming up with former colleagues of Frank Whittle and Power Jets Ltd, in the early 1950s, R & H (which became RGT) started to produce gas turbine engines for land-based & sea-based energy production. They were taken over by GEC in the late 1960s (diesel engine production was transferred to a division of GEC in Newton-le-Willows), merged with Alstom of France in the late 1980s, then in 2003 were bought out by Siemens AG of Germany, now being called Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery. In the post- war years after 1945, new suburbs were built, but unfortunately industry declined towards the end of the 20th Century. Lincoln's economy is based mainly on public administration, commerce and arable farming. The loss of an all-day direct train service to and from London in the late 1980s, when the King's Cross to Doncaster route was electrified, deterred inward movement by new employers. The local newspaper is the Lincolnshire Echo, and the local radio stations are Radio Lincolnshire on 94.9FM and its commercial rival Lincs FM on 102.2 FM. In the 1990s, Lincoln Art College and Riseholme Agricultural College became part of De Montfort University in Leicester. Thanks to the dogged support and also vision of local commerce, the University of Humberside opened a Lincoln campus next to Brayford Pool in 1996, changing the name to University of Lincolnshire and Humberside. This has attracted additional students to the city, giving it a refreshing youthful appearance, and possibly a more outward-looking viewpoint. The Lincoln campus took priority over the Hull campus (which is now a much-reduced branch of the main university), and as such the name changed in 2002 to the University of Lincoln, taking over the Art College and Riseholme College. The city is a tourist centre, but is never overwhelmed by tourists; those who come do so to visit the numerous historic buildings, including of course, the Cathedral and the Castle. The Collection, of which the Usher Gallery is now a part, is an important attraction; as is the Museum of Lincolnshire Life. Tranquil destinations close by include Whisby Nature Reserve and Hartsholme Park, whilst noisier entertainment can be found at Waddington airfield, Scampton airfield, base of the RAF's " Red Arrows" jet aerobatic team, the County Showground or the Cadwell Park motor racing circuit near Louth. Football (soccer) team Lincoln City F.C. are based in the city. ******************* file_id: 17880 foundations_and_fragments remain . file_id: 17880 legionnaire leave_PASS . file_id: 17880 diocese support_PASS estate. file_id: 17880 Both_Henry_VIII_and_James be guest. file_id: 17880 palace sack_PASS royalist_troops. file_id: 17880 Lincoln_weavers set_PASS guild. file_id: 17880 riot start Lynn. file_id: 17880 plague be . file_id: 17880 poverty preserve structure. file_id: 17880 structure lose_PASS context. file_id: 17880 re_-_opening allow thing. file_id: 17880 and_Hornsby produce engine. file_id: 17880 suburb build_PASS lincoln. ******************* Brisbane Girls Grammar School, founded in 1875, is one of eight grammar school s in Queensland which were established under the Grammar Schools Act of 1860. The school originally opened as a branch of the Brisbane Grammar School in Brisbane, Queensland, with fifty female students under the direction of a Lady Principal, Mrs. Janet O'Connor. The opening of Brisbane Girls Grammar School in March 1875 signified its development as a successful academic secondary school for girls in the unsophisticated colony of Queensland. This was six years before women were admitted to universities in Sydney and Melbourne and before similar schools appeared elsewhere in the country. It is therefore not surprising that there were inordinate pressures on those responsible for the development of the school. Within six months of opening, the school outgrew its premises and relocated to Wickham Terrace. In July 1882, the school made the decision to separate from the Brisbane Grammar School and operate independently under the Grammar Schools Act. Sir Charles Lilley's vision to provide girls with the same educational opportunities as their brothers, was far ahead of its time. In the following years, the traditions established for the education of young women not only were maintained, but also greatly strengthened. By July 1882, the School was well established and the decision was made to separate from Brisbane Grammar School and to operate independently under the Grammar Schools Act . Plans were also made that year to move the School to its present site on Gregory Terrace and in 1884, the Main Building, designed by architect Richard Gailey, was opened to one hundred students. The school's motto is 'Nil Sine Labore', Latin for 'Nothing Without Work'. It was adopted from the Brisbane Grammar School, which in turn borrowed it from Horace's Second Boook of Satires. The school badge is an open book on