Contents
Foreword iii Preface vii Chapter Page Part 1. Prelude to War I. Facing the Failure of Neutrality 5 The Incubation of World Conflict 5 Limited Preparedness 10 Strengthening Administrative Foundations 14 II. Preparing for Defense 17 The Nazis Move Westward 20 Advisory Commission to the Council of National Defense 21 Issues in Getting Production Under Way 25 Emergency Organization for External Affairs 31 Peacetime Selective Service 35 The Cumulation of Events 38 III. Laying Administrative Foundations 43 Lend-Lease Enacted 44 Agencies Evolving from the Advisory Commission 50 Growing Pains of the Production Program 60 Broadening of Economic Defense 63 IV. Rounding Out Defense Organization 71 Centering Responsibility for Priorities 73 Speeding the Production Tempo 80 Further Steps in Economic Defense Organization 84 Beginnings of Information Coordination 89 The State of Affairs on December 7, 1941 91 Part 2. Defensive War V. Accelerating Production 103 Immediate Administrative Adjustments 104 Transition to War Production Board 109 The Impact of Unlimited Procurement 112 Reorganization of War Production Board 120 Operating Policies of WPB 125 The Army and the Economy 129 Allied Cooperation 131 VI. Transporting the Goods 135 Shipbuilding 135 Allocating Shipping Space 143 Domestic Transportation 155 General Considerations 170 VII. Mobilizing Labor 173 Early Labor Supply Organization 176 Creation of the War Manpower Commission 182 Evolution of the War Manpower Commission, May-November, 1942 184 Adjustment of Industrial Disputes 190 VIII. Informing the Public 203 Censorship 206 Domestic Information Agencies and the War 210 Foreign Information 217 Establishment of OWI 220 OWI as a Coordinating Agency 23 IX. Fighting Inflation 235 Emergency Price Control Act of 1942 239 Formulation of Stabilization Policy 248 Seven-Point Anti-inflation Program 253 Stabilization Act of 1942 265 Part 3. Full Tide of War X. Regulating the Flow of Materials 279 Proposals for Military Control 280 War Production Czars 281 Comprehensive and Integrated Controls 298 Reorganization of WPB 304 XI. Food for War 321 Administrative Developments Prior to December 1942 326 Operations Under the Food Order of December 5, 1942 337 Control of Distribution 358 XII. Coordinating the War Agencies 371 Policing the Battle for Resources 374 Managing the Anti-inflation Program 382 Toward More Inclusive Overhead Management 391 The Office of War Mobilization 397 XIII. Reorganizing the International Agencies 403 War and the Traditional Machinery of Foreign Relations 406 Establishment of OFRRO 409 Coordination by the Department of State 411 Friction Between BEW and RFC 421 Reorganization 425 XIV. Allocating Labor Supply 429 Emergence of a Labor Allocation System 431 Selective Service Policy and National Service 445 XV. Preparing for Peace 461 Early Planning 463 Planning World Peace 467 Demobilization--the Human Side 469 Demobilization--the Financial Responsibility of Government 473 Planning the Reconversion of Industry 482 Lifting Controls 491 The Fight Against Inflation 492 Reconversion and Demobilization of the Executive Establishment 498 XVI. Assaying the Record 503 Development of Policy 506 Programming for War 511 Execution of the Program 515 APPENDICES I. The War Agencies of the Executive Branch of the Federal Government 521 II. List of Charts 537 III. List of Abbreviations 539 Index 541