INDEX
Ships of all nationalities are in their alphabetical places in italics. Groups, Wings, Squadrons and other units of the R.A.F. are under Royal Air Force. Squadrons of the F.A.A. are under Fleet Air Arm. Squadrons of the R.A.A.F. and S.A.A.F. are under Royal Australian Air Force and South African Air Force. Corps, Divisions, Brigades and Battalions of the British forces are under those headings. Cavalry and armoured units are listed under Regiments. Other units and branches of the Army are under their titles: e.g. Royal Artillery. Formations of the German and Italian Armies are under German Army or Italian Army.
Aba, m.v.: 158
Abalti: air attacks on, 309-10; capture of, 310 Abdiel, H.M.S.: 54, 115
Abdul Illah, Amir: 177-8, 193
Abdullah, Emir of Transjordan: 187
Aboukir: air attacks on, 292
Abruzzi: 63, 65
Abu Sueir: air attacks on, 292-3
Abyssinia: see Ethiopia
Aden, Governor of: 241
Admiralty: and reinforcements for Malta, 48; and striking force at Malta, 54, 114; and bombardment of Tripoli, 107-10, 112-3; and attacks on enemy's sea lines to Libya, 113; and 'TIGER' convoy, 119; and limits of Admiral Cunningham's command, 278
Adua: 276
Agedabia: air attacks on, 22
Agnew, Captain W. G.: 283
Agreements: see Treaties
Aimone-Cat, General Mario: 300
Aircraft: lack of long-range, 9-10; merits of various types of in use, 229-30; particulars of, 347-60; arrivals of in Middle East, 231, 289-90, 361-3
Air Headquarters, East Africa: 313
Air Headquarters, Egypt: 294
Air Headquarters, Levant: 294
Air Headquarters, Middle East: 235, 294 Air Headquarters, Western Desert: 294 Air Ministry: and Malta, 47, 49, 57; and reinforcement and rearmament, 230, 275, 288-9; in Teeth v. Tail controversy, 235; and maintenance organization, 235-7, 292; and operation 'HALBERD', 275; and air support, 277, 289
Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Middle East: see Longmore, Tedder, and, for joint action, Commanders-in-Chief
Air Officer in charge of Administration, Middle East: 235, 237
Air Reconnaissance: lack of long-range aircraft for, 9-10; need for more, 55-6, 107, 277, 283, 286
Air Support: general question of, 277-8, 286-8
Ajax, H.M.S.: bombardment of Cyrenaican coast, 40; in action off Cape Matapan, 62, 67; and withdrawal from Greece, 97, 102, 105; and bombardment of Tripoli, 111; in operation 'T
IGER', 115, 117; in defence of Crete, 136; and withdrawal from Crete, 142; and campaign in Syria, 207Albania: campaign in, 73-5; Italian forces in 75, 81; Crete sends troops to, 122
Aleppo: air attacks on, 201, 209-10, 215
Alexandria: threat to, 33; air attacks on, 298, 300
Aliakmon, river: Germans cross, 89-90
Allen, Brigadier (later Major-General) A. S.: 91-3, 214-5, 219
Amba Giorgis: Italians evacuate, 314 Andrew, Lieut.-Colonel L. W.: 132-3
Andromeda: 76
Anglo-Iranian oilfields: protection of, 177 Aosta, Duke of, Viceroy of Ethiopia: surrender of, 204, 223, 303; his orders to Gazzera, 305
Aphis, H.M.S.: 40
Arab Legion: 187, 191-2, 216
Arethusa, H.M.S.: 267, 269
Argos: air attacks on, 98
Argus, H.M.S.: 48, 229
Ark Royal, H.M.S.: and fighter reinforcements for Malta, 48, 231, 268; in convoy operations, 115-6, 267-9, 274-5; diversionary operation of, 273
Arliss, Captain S. H. T.: 142, 144
Armando Diaz: 55
Army, Eighth: 316
Army in Middle East: strength and state of, 1-4, 223-6; transport difficulties of, 4, 228; its weakness in armour, 24, 32, 159, 167, 172-6, 255; reinforcements for, 119, 162 164, 223-8, 254-5; air support for, 166-171, 286-8, 294-6; in Teeth v. Tail controversy, 223-6; training of, 228; American aid for, 232-3; and Egyptian labour, 238; tasks of 238-9; relationship with other Services and civil authorities, 239-40; under Wavell, 246;
(in Western Desert) state of, 20, 24, 34, 159, 164, 255-6; in defence of Cyrenaica, 19-24, 28-30; in defence of Tobruk, 36-9, 155-6, 158; and operation 'B
REVITY', 160-2; and operation 'BATTLEAXE', 165, 167-71(in Greece) state of, 76-7, 79-81; operations of, 82-93; withdrawal of, 97-105; losses of, 105n;
(in Crete) state of, 123, 127, 146; in defence of Crete, 131-5, 140-4, 146; losses of, 143, 147;
(In Iraq) forces of available, 179, 182; operations and losses of, 184, 186-9, 191-3;
--373--
Army in Middle East—cont.In Syria) strength and state of, 204-5, 211; operations of, 206-13, 215-7, 219-20; change in command of, 214; losses of, 222;
(in East Africa) policy for, 304; forces of, 304, 306, 311, 315-6; supply of, 306-7; operations in Galla-Sidano, 307-11; operations and losses of in Gondar, 3135, 317-21; command of, 316
Assab: attack on, 323
Athens: air attacks on airfields at, 96, 98
Auchinleck, General Sir Claude: see also Commanders-in-Chief; and Iraq, 178, 186, 250-1; becomes C.-in-C. Middle East, 244; and Persia, 252; and Western Desert offensive, 253-6, 262, 285; and reinforcements, 255, 292; on air support, 287; and East Africa Command, 316
Auckland, H.M.S.: 105, 158
Aurora, H.M.S.: 283
Australian Artillery:
Regiments:
2/1st Anti-Tank: 80, 88n, 90n
2/3rd Anti-Tank: 30
2/2nd Field: 132n
2/3rd Field: in campaign in Greece, 88n, 93; in defence of Crete, 132-3, 146
2/5th Field: 211
Batteries:
7th Light Anti-Aircraft: 132-3
Australian Engineers, 2/8th Field Company: 133n
Australian Government: 151
Australian land forces: use of in Middle East, 150-1;
Ayalu Birru, Ras: 314
Azozo: air attacks on, 315, 320
Bacopoulos, Lieut.-General K.: 76, 86 Badoglio, Marshal Pietro: 258
Baghdad: air attacks on, 184; advance to, 191-2; rioting in, 193
Baillie-Grohman, Rear-Admiral H. T.: 94, 98, 100-2
Balkans: British policy towards, 70-4, 149-50; Hitler's policy in, 72-3
'Barbarossa': 85, 149, 205, 260
Bardia: naval operations against, 40; air attacks on, 297
Barham, H.M.S.: in action off Matapan, 62, 67; use of for blocking Tripoli harbour, 108-9; bombards Tripoli, 108-10; in operation 'TIGER', 115; at Alexandria, 136; in defence of Crete, 140
Barlow, Captain J. M.: 30
Barrowclough, Brigadier H. E.: 91
Basra: use of for American supplies, 229, 232; importance of, 248-9; expansion of base at, 249-50
Bastico, General Ettore: 260, 300
Battalions:
1st, The Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders: 142-3, 320
2/1st Australian: 133n
2/1st Australian Machine-Gun: composite company of, 133n
2/2nd Australian, 93
2/3rd Australian Machine-Gun: 211
2/3rd Australian: 212, 216
2/4th Australian: 88n, 133n
2/5th Australian: 220
2/7th Australian: 133-4
2/8th Australian: 88, 133, 144
2/11th Australian: 90n, 133n
2/13th Australian: 23, 29
2/14th Australian: 213, 219-20
2/16th Australian: 209, 213, 219
2/17th Australian: 38
2/23rd Australian: 39, 155
2/24th Australian: 155
2/27th Australian: 208, 213, 219-20
2/31st Australian: 213, 220
2/48th Australian: 38-9, 155-6
16th Australian Composite: 132n
17th Australian Composite: 132n
2nd, The Black Watch: 133n
1st, The Buffs: 165n, 169
3rd, Coldstream Guards: 163, 165n
Composite, Sudan Defence Force: 311, 314, 318
1st, The Durham Light Infantry: 160-2
1st, East African Pioneers: 318n
2nd, East African Pioneers: 318n
1st, The Essex Regiment: 187n, 191, 216
1st, Field Force: 306, 309
4th, 13th Frontier Force Rifles: 217
2nd, 4th P.W.O. Gurkha Rifles: 189
1st, 1st King's African Rifles: 310
2nd, 2nd King's African Rifles: 320-1
1st, 3rd King's African Rifles (Machine-Gun) 310n, 318n, 321n
2nd, 3rd King's African Rifles: 321n
2nd, 4th King's African Rifles: 321n
3rd, 4th King's African Rifles: 321n
4th, 4th King's African Rifles: 321
5th King's African Rifles: 309, 310n
1st, 6th King's African Rifles: mentioned, 308, 318; in East African campaign, 310n, 321
2nd, 6th King's African Rifles: 311
King's Own Malta Regiment: 44, 52
1st, The King's Own Royal Regiment: arrives in Iraq, 179; at Habbaniya, 182; in campaign in Iraq, 184, 191
2nd, The King's Own Royal Regiment: 215, 220
1st, The King's Royal Rifle Corps: 29, 165n
9th, The King's Royal Rifle Corps (The Rangers): 88, 132n
2nd, The Leicestershire Regiment: 133n, 220
2nd, 5th Mahratta Light Infantry: 165n
28th, Maori: 90n, 134
1st, Natal Mounted Rifles: 306, 309
18th New Zealand: 132, 134
19th New Zealand: 90, 132
20th New Zealand: 132, 134-5, 144
21st New Zealand: 90, 92-3, 133
22nd New Zealand: 90, 132
--374--
Battalions—cont.23rd New Zealand: in Greece, 90n, in Crete, 132-4, 141; mentioned, 144
25th New Zealand: 99
27th New Zealand Machine-Gun: 80, 88n, 132n
28th New Zealand: 133
New Zealand Reinforcement: 102
1st, Nigerian Regiment: 310n
2nd, Nigerian Regiment: 309, 310n
3rd, Nigerian Regiment: 310
3rd, 1st Punjab Regiment: 207n
3rd, 14th Punjab Regiment: 315
2nd, The Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders: 165n
2nd, The Queen's Royal Regiment: 211, 216, 220
1st, 6th Rajputana Rifles: 165n
4th, 6th Rajputana Rifles: 207n, 212
2nd, The Rifle Brigade: 160
9th, The Rifle Brigade (Tower Hamlets Rifles): 20-1
1st, The Royal Fusiliers: 207, 210
Royal Marine Battalion: 146
2nd, Scots Guards: 160, 165n, 169
Sudan Frontier: 313
1st, The Welch Regiment: 132n
2nd, The York and Lancaster Regiment: 133n
BATTLEAXE' and 'TIGER', 159; plan for, 163-6; Wavell's doubts on, 167; the operation 167-71; losses in, 171; reasons for failure of, 172-4, 256; and campaign in Syria, 204, 210, 215; mentioned, 287, 294, 296
Beamish, Group Captain G. R.: 127
Beaverbrook, Lord: 235
Beirut: air attacks on, 209-10, 214-5; capture of, 220
Belgrade: Germans enter, 89
Bellai, Dejasmach: 313
Belleta: air attack on, 311
Benghazi: as supply base, 4, 25, 52, 156; air attacks on, 9, 57, 166-7, 296-7; defence of, 20-1; capture of, 26; bombardment of, 115, 117-8, 159; air defence of, 156
Berat: air attacks on, 75
Berbera: development of port at, 306
Beresford-Peirse, Lieut.-General Sir Noel: commands Western Desert Force, 34; mentioned, 36; and operation 'B
REVITY', 162; and operation 'BATTLEAXE', 163, 165-7, 169-70, 173; commands in Sudan, 316Bernotti, Admiral R.: 112
Berryman, Brigadier F. H.: 211, 215
Birru, Fitaurari: 313
Bismarck: 231
Blamey, Lieut.-General Sir Thomas; and campaign in Greece, 2-3, 79-80, 86-7, 89-92, 151; and use of Dominion troops in Middle East, 80-1, 151; and withdrawal from Greece, 95, 98, 100; becomes Deputy C.-in-C., Middle East, 151, 214
Blomberg, Major Axel von: 195
Bolzano: 63
Bourke, Major H. S. J.: 212
Boyd, Rear-Admiral D. W.: 136n
Bragadin, Captain M. A.: 119, 277, 281
Brauchitsch, Field-Marshal Walter von: 260 Brawn, Lieut.-Colonel J. A.: 181
Breconshire, H.M.S.: in convoy operations, 51-2, 54, 111, 115, 266, 275
'B
REVITY': 159-62Brigades and Brigade Groups:
Armoured:
1st: mentioned, 3; in campaign in Greece, 79-81, 87-8, 90-1, 93; state of, 90-1; withdraws from Greece, 98, 100-1, 105
3rd: state of, 3, 21, 24, 37; in defence of Cyrenaica, 9, 19-20, 22-3, 28
4th: 164-5, 168-70, 255
7th: state of, 160; in operation 'B
REVITY', 160, 162; in operation 'BATTLEAXE', 164-5, 167-709th: 253
22nd: 256
2nd Indian: 253
Cavalry:
4th: state of, 187; in campaign in Iraq, 187; in campaign in Syria, 213, 216
Infantry:
16th Australian: in campaign in Greece, 81, 86, 88-9, 91-2; withdraws from Greece, 98-101, 105
17th Australian: for Greece, 81; in campaign in Greece, 89-90; withdraws from Greece, 98-101, 105; in campaign in Syria, 219-20
18th Australian: for Greece, 4; captures Jarabub, 8; in defence of Tobruk, 29, 33, 36-7, 156
19th Australian: in campaign in Greece, 81, 87-8; withdraws from Greece, 98-9, 105; in defence of Crete, 127, 133n, 144, 146
20th Australian: 4, 36-7
21st Australian: 208, 213, 219
24th Australian: 29, 36
25th Australian: for Greece, 4; in campaign in Syria, 208, 211, 213, 219
26th Australian: mentioned, 4; at Tmimi, 29; in defence of Tobruk, 36-7, 155
14th (British): in defence of Crete, 123, 125, 127, 133n, 142
16th (British): in campaign in Syria, 211, 213, 215, 220
23rd (British): 215
21st East African: 306, 308, 315
22nd East African: 306-11, 315
25th East African: 306, 315-7, 319-21
26th East African: and French Somaliland, 306-7, 315-6; in Gondar operations, 316-8, 320, 321n
28th East African: 315
24th Gold Coast: 306, 308, 315-6
22nd Guards: at Bardia, 33; at Halfaya Pass, 36; in operation 'B
REVITY', 160, 162; in operation 'BATTLEAXE', 165, 169-715th Indian: in campaign in Syria, 204, 206-8, 210, 212-3, 215
11th Indian: 165, 167, 169-70
17th Indian: 217
--375--
Brigades—cont.Infantry—cont.
20th Indian: 179, 217
21st Indian: 217
4th New Zealand: in campaign in Greece, 87, 91, 93; withdraws from Greece, 98, 100-2, 105; in defence of Crete, 132, 140, 144
5th New Zealand: in campaign in Greece, 87, 90-1, 93; withdraws from Greece, 98, 105; in defence of Crete, 131, 132n, 140-1, 143-4
6th New Zealand: in campaign in Greece, 87-8, 91, 93; withdraws from Greece, 98-100, 102-3, 105
10th New Zealand: in defence of Crete, 131-2, 141
23rd Nigerian: 309-11, 315
Northern (Malta): 52
2nd South African: 306
5th South African: 202
Southern (Malta): 52
Motor:
3rd Indian: state of, 8; supplies for, 9; in defence of Cyrenaica, 23, 28, 30
British Ambassador in Egypt: and Syria, 200, 207; and Intendant-General, 238; becomes member of War Council, 240
British Ambassador in Iraq; see Cornwallis
British Embassy at Baghdad: 182-3
British Government: see War Cabinet, and Defence Committee
British Minister in Athens: see Palairet
British Minister in Belgrade: see Campbell
British Minister in Cairo: see Shone
British Minister in Teheran: 252
British Overseas Airways Corporation: 293
British Somaliland: reoccupied, 303
Brown, Group Captain (later Air Commodore) L.O.: commands H.Q., R.A.F., Cyrenaica, 6; warns units of move, 8; commands Palestine and Transjordan, 205; commands Air Headquarters, Levant, 294
Brunskill, Brigadier G. S.: 76, 79, 94
Bu Amud: naval bombardment of, 40
Bulgaria: German movements in, 82
Burrough, Rear-Admiral H. M.: 274-6
Cachalot, H.M.S.: 51, 274
Cairo: air attacks on, 300
Calcutta, H.M.S.: and withdrawal from Greece, 97, 105; in defence of Crete, 137; sunk, 146
Campbell, Captain A. G. S.: 320
Campbell, Lieut.-Colonel I. R.: 133, 142
Campbell, Mr. Ronald, British Minister in Belgrade: 70-1, 73
Camforce: 320, 321n
Canea: landings at, 131-2
Cape Matapan: action off, 54, 61-70 passim
Capuzzo: action at, 168, 204-5
Carlisle, H.M.S.: 97, 105, 137
Casualties: in action at Jarabub, 8; in attacks on Tobruk, 38, 156; in air attacks on Malta, 49-50; Italian in Cyrenaica, 58; in action off Cape Matapan, 68; in Greece, 90, 100-1, 105; in bombardment of Tripoli, 112; in struggle for Crete, 133, 135, 137, 143, 146-8; in operation 'BREVITY', 162; at Halfaya Pass, 163; in operation 'BATTLEAXE', 171; in Iraq, 187-8, 191, 193; in Syria, 208-9, 212-3, 216, 222; in East Africa, 314, 317n, 320-1;
Catania: air attacks on, 118
Catroux, General Georges: and campaign in Syria, 199-203, 207, 221; and French Somaliland, 322-3
Cattaneo, Vice-Admiral: 63, 69
Cavallero, General Ugo: 257-9, 282
Centurion, H.M.S.: 107-8
Chakla, H.M.S.: 155
Chappel, Brigadier, B. H.: 127, 143
Charrington, Brigadier, H. V. S.: 79, 88
Chevalier-Paul: 210
Chief Maintenance and Supply Officer, Middle East: see Dawson
Chief of Naval Staff: see Pound
Chief of the Air Staff: see Portal
Chief of the Imperial General Staff: see Dill
Chiefs of Staff: and operations in Dodecanese, 2, 33; on priority of commitments, 33, 124; and reinforcements, 33, 291-2; and Malta, 43, 51, 266, 274; told Tripoli out of air range, 108; and Crete, 124, 130, 138-9, 142; think Germans may invade Cyprus, 130; and British action in Greece, 150; on Middle East situation, 163; and operation 'B
ATTLEAXE', 166, 204; and Iraq, 178-9, 185-6, 188, 193, 250-1; and Syria, 199-202, 204; and political issues in Middle East, 239-40; and instructions to Cs.-in-C., 244; think Germany may attack Russia, 247-8; on threat from the north, 248-9; review strategic situation, 249-50; and Basra base, 249-50; and Turkey, 251; and Persia, 252; and Western Desert offensive, 254; reinforce Freetown, 315; and French Somaliland, 322Chilga: air attacks on, 315
Churchill, Mr. Randolph: 240
Churchill, Rt. Hon. Winston S.: see Prime Minister
City of Lincoln, ss.: 51
City of London, s.s.: 105
Clan Campbell, s.s.: 116
Clan Chattan, s.s.: 116
Clan Fraser, s.s.: 86
Clan Lamont, s.s.: 116
Clan Macaulay, s.s.: 52
Clark, Major-General J. G. W.: commands Habforce, 186; at Habbaniya, 188; and advance to Baghdad, 191; signs Armistice, 192; and Fawzi Qawukji, 217
Cockchafer, H.M.S.: 178
Colito: capture of, 308
Collet, Colonel: 210, 212
Collins, Lieut.-Colonel R. G. T.: 317
Collishaw, Air Commodore R.: 35, 160
Colonial Office: 200
Comando Supremo: see Italian High Command.
Combe, Brigadier, J. F. B.: 21, 29
Comiso: air attacks on, 118 Commander-in-Chief, East Indies: 278
--376--
Commander-in-Chief, India: see Auchinleck and Wavell
Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean: see Cunningham, and, for joint action, Commanders-in-Chief
Commander-in-Chief, Middle East: see Wavell and Auchinleck, and, for joint action, Commanders-in-Chief
Commanders-in-Chief: and Rommel's advance, 33, 53; and Malta, 43, 205; and Turkey, 72, 251; alive to importance of attacking Tripoli, 108; receive Directive on prime duty of Mediterranean Fleet, 108, 124; and defence of Crete, 124, 126, 138; commitments of, 124, 178-9, 200, 204-5; think Germany may invade Cyprus, 130-1; and withdrawal from Crete, 146; decide to oppose German attack on Greece, 150; and Iraq, 177-9, 186, 193; and Syria, 199-201, 204-5; ask to be relieved of political business, 200, 239; and operation 'BATTLEAXE', 204; and Intendant-General, 238-9, 241; and Minister of State, 240-1; relations between Prime Minister and, 244-6; warned about German attack on Russia, 248; and threat from the north, 248, 250; and Western Desert offensive, 254, 285; and air support, 286-8; and East Africa 304
Commandos: see Special Service Brigade
Conferences: (with Greeks) at Athens, 70-1, 76, 94-5; (with Yugoslavs) at Athens, 71, at Belgrade, 74, near Florina, 74; (with Turks) at Ankara, 71, 251-2, in Cyprus, 72; (with French) about Crete, 121
Coningham, Air Vice-Marshal A.: 291, 294
Conte Rosso: 55
Convoys: see also 'S
PLICE', 'TIGER', 'SUBSTANCE', 'STYLE', and 'HALBERD'; (enemy) to North Africa, 52-3, 278-83; losses of, 54, 58-9, 110, 278-82; effect of Royal Navy on, 55, 278-9; to Crete, 139-40; (British) from Egypt to Greece, 61-2; to Middle East, 223- 4, 325Cooke, Air Commodore C. B.: 294
Corinth Canal: landings at, 100; bridges over destroyed, 100, 103; mining of, 136; air attacks on, 297
Cornwallis, Sir Kinahan: appointed Ambassador to Iraq, 178; and passage of troops through Iraq under Treaty, 179, 181-2; and campaign in Iraq, 183-4, 197; and Armistice, 192; is a member of War Council, 241
Corps
Anzac: 89, 98-9
1st Australian: for Greece, 3; in campaign in Greece, 79-80; in campaign in Syria, 214
10th: 223
13th: 3, 316
Costa Rica, s.s.: 101, 105
Coventry, H.M.S.: in convoy operations, 4; in raid on Bardia, 40; and evacuation from Greece, 97, 105; and withdrawal from Crete, 146; mentioned, 158; and campaign in Syria, 207
Cox, Brigadier, A. R. B.: 208
Creagh, Major-General Sir Michael O'Moore: 165, 169-70
Creswell, Rear-Admiral G. A.: 136n
Crete: see also Suda Bay; German plan for capture of, 59, 104, 128-31; withdrawal from, 70, 141-4, 146, 205; Italians unlikely to capture, 121; strategic importance of, 121, 128; defence and defences of, 121-7, 131-42, 148, 204; sends troops to Albania, 122; description of, 122-3; supplies for, 123, 127, 139; shortage of transport in, 123, 127; estimated scale of air attack on, 125-6; air attacks on, 127, 131-3; landings on 131-4; German sea-borne expedition to, 134-5; British strength in, 146; results of loss of, 148, 166, 225, 324; effect of German losses in, 204, 266
Cruiser Squadron, 3rd: 136
Cruiser Squadron, 7th: 136
Cruiser Squadron, 15th: 136, 207
'CRUSADER': 172
Cunningham, Lieut.-General Sir Alan: in East African campaign, 303-5, 308, 310-11; forces of, 306, 315; commands 8th Army, 316
Cunningham, Admiral Sir Andrew B.: see also Commanders-in-Chief; on air defence over Benghazi, 4; and convoy operations, 4, 51, 61, 109-10, 115, 117-9; agrees Tobruk should be held, 34; and striking force at Malta, 53-4, 114, 283; and withdrawal from Greece, 55, 96-7, 100; in action off Cape Matapan, 62-70; and attacks on shipping in Albania, 75; in bombardment of Tripoli, 107-10, 112-4, 119; reinforcements for, 114; and defence of Malta, 114, 265; and operations against enemy's supply lines, 114; and Crete, 126, 135, 138-40, 146; rearranges Flag Officers' appointments, 136; and supplies for Tobruk, 158; and campaign in Syria, 207, 210; his relations with Prime Minister, 244-5; and control of sea communications, 265; stages diversionary operations, 268, 275-6; and air support, 277-8, 286; limits of command of, 278
Curteis, Vice-Admiral A. T. B.: 274-6
Cutler, Lieutenant A. R.: 211
Cyprus: possible capture of, 128, 130-1, 257; supplies for, 131; Syria of greater importance than, 204
Cyprus, Governor of: 241
Cyrenaica: to be held with minimum forces, 1; Wavell's estimate of threat to, 2, 12, 24; weakness of British position in, 6; Axis advance into, 19-33, 107; command in, 34; airfields in, 125, 254, 266; need to re-establish air forces in, 163; adverse effect of loss of, 225, 324; possible recapture of, 254
Cyrenaica Command: set up, 3; reinforcements for, 12; and defence of Cyrenaica, 22, 29
Dabat: capture of, 314; air attacks on, 315
Dainty, H.M.S.: 4
--377--
D.A.K. (Deutsches Afrika Korps): formed, 13; supplies for, 15, 114, 156, 259; commands Ariete Division, 15; tasks of, 16, 156; advance of into Cyrenaica, 107; and operation 'BATTLEAXE', 168; likened to Fliegerkorps X, 299
D'Albiac, Air Vice-Marshal J. H.; meets Yugoslavs, 74; and operations in Albania, 75; strength of forces of, 81-2; his tasks, 81; and withdrawal from Greece, 94, 96 98-9; commands in Iraq, 188; signs Armistice with Iraq, 192; and operations in Persia, 253
Dalyell-Stead, Lieut.-Commander J.: 65
Damascus: air attacks on, 209; capture of, 212
Damour: capture of, 220
Daniel, Brigadier H.: 306
Daniyo, Dejasmach: 313
Dawson, Air Vice-Marshal G. G.: 235-6, 292-3
Debarech: air attacks on, 315
Debra Tabor: air attacks on, 313; capture of, 313
Decoy, H.M.S.: 105, 143, 159
Defence Committee: and forces for Greece, 1; and reinforcements, 114, 159, 256; and Iraq, 179, 184-6, 197; and Syria, 202-4; on aircraft repair organisation in Middle East, 235; and Western Desert offensive, 254-5, 262, 285; sends 22nd Armoured Brigade to Middle East, 256, 285
Defender, H.M.S.: 105, 159
de Gaulle, General: and Syria, 199-204, 207, 221-2; and French Somaliland, 322
Deir ez Zor: air attacks on, 201; capture of, 217
Denbydale, m.v.: 272
Dentz, General Henri: and war material for Iraq, 195; becomes High Commissioner in Syria, 199-200; and campaign in Syria, 200, 206-7, 215; and end of hostilities, 221
Derna: as supply base, 5; air attacks on, 30, 297; bombardment of, 159
Destroyer Flotilla, 2nd: 66
Destroyer Flotilla, 5th; at Malta, 54-5; in operation 'T
IGER', 115-7; bombards Benghazi, 118; in defence of Crete, 138Destroyer Flotilla, 8th: 48
Destroyer Flotilla, 14th: arrives at Malta, 54; destroys convoy, 54, 113; goes to Alexandria, 54; in action off Cape Matapan, 66; as night-raiding force, 108; returns to Malta, 112
de Verdilhac, General: 221
Diamond, H.M.S.: 101, 105
Diana: 272
Dickson, Captain R. K.: 273
Dido, H.M.S.: 54, 136, 143
Dill, General Sir John, Chief of the Imperial General Staff: his mission to Middle East, 6, 33, 70, 73-4; on British action in Greece, 149-50; and operation 'B
ATTLEAXE', 167; and Iraq, 185; and Syria, 202; and shortage of transport, 228; and Intendant-General, 237-8; disturbed by Prime Minister's judgement of Wavell, 244-5Dilwara, m.v.: 105
Dimoline, Brigadier W. A.: 320
Divisions:
Armoured:
1st: 256
2nd: state of, 2-3, 32, 255; short of transport, 5; in defence of Cyrenaica, 6-7, 9, 19-23, 28, 31-2; mentioned, 80
7th: state of, 1-2, 32, 162, 164; in operation 'B
ATTLEAXE', 164-5, 168-70; and Western Desert offensive, 255Cavalry:
1st: state of, 1, 185, 187; in campaign in Syria, 203, 206
Infantry:
11th African: in East African campaign, 1, 306, 308, 311; reconstituted, 315
12th African: in East African campaign, 1, 306-9, 318; reconstituted, 315-6; mentioned, 316
6th Australian: state of, 1-2, 4; for Greece, 2, 6; in campaign in Greece, 79-80, 86; mentioned, 81; withdraws from Greece, 99; in campaign in Syria, 206
7th Australian: state of, 1-2, 205; for Greece, 2, 79; its move to Greece cancelled, 29, 82; for Western Desert, 33; for Palestine, 202; in campaign in Syria, 203-6, 208, 215, 219; remainder of arrives in Middle East, 223
9th Australian: state of, 1-4, 9; in defence of Cyrenaica, 6-7, 20-1, 23, 26, 28-9; in defence of Tobruk, 37, 158; arrival of in Middle East, 223
6th (British) later 70th; state of, 2; for Western Desert, 33, 34; moves to Matruh, 125; in campaign in Syria, 209, 211, 213-5, 220; possible move of to Iraq, 253
50th (British): 223, 225
70th (British): see 6th (British)
4th Indian: in the battle of Keren, 1; mentioned, 33, 34, 160; in operation 'B
ATTLEAXE', 165, 168: goes to Egypt, 223, 3045th Indian: in the battle of Keren, 1; goes to Egypt, 223, 304; moves to Iraq, 253
8th Indian: 252
10th Indian: in campaign in Iraq, 179, 181-2; in campaign in Syria, 207, 213, 217; in operations in Persia, 253
2nd New Zealand: state of, 2; for Greece, 2; in campaign in Greece 79-81, 86, 88; withdraws from Greece, 99, 105; in defence of Crete, 127, 131, 132n, 141; remainder of arrives in Middle East, 223
1st South African: 1, 2, 223
2nd South African: 223
Dobbie, Lieut.-General Sir William, Governor and C.-in-C., Malta: and fighter defence of Malta, 47; and Maltese people, 50; and reinforcements, 51, 266
Dodecanese Islands: possible operations in, 2, 33; air attacks on, 11
--378--
Doria: 119
Douglas, Major G.: 313-4, 318, 320
Drew, Lieut.-Colonel H. D.: 29
Durazzo: air attacks on, 75-6
East Africa: see also Galla-Sidamo and Gondar; review of campaign in, 303, 321-2; British policy in, 304; command in, 304, 316; comparison of forces in, 305-6; supply of troops in, 306-7
East Africa Command: 304, 316
East African Field Battery, 53rd: 318, 320
East African Survey Section: 318n
Edelsten, Rear-Admiral J. H.: 136n
Eden, Rt. Hon. Anthony, Foreign Secretary: his Mission to Middle East, 33, 70; and Greece, 70-4; and Turkey, 70-3; and Yugoslavia, 70-5; and British action in Greece, 150; in Teeth v. Tail controversy, 225; his powers when in Middle East, 239; disturbed by Prime Minister's judgement of Wavell, 244-5
Edessa: withdrawal from, 86
Edinburgh, H.M.S.: 267
Edmonston, Corporal J. H.: 38
Egypt: see also Egyptian Government; removal of land threat, to 1; possible Axis advance into, 15, 33, 35, 262, 297; difficulties of British forces in, 238; air defence of, 297
Egyptian Government: controls railways and ports, 238; restricts use of labour, 238; relationship between Services and, 239-40
Egyptian State Railways: 227
El Agheila: capture of, 8, 16
Elmhirst, Air Commodore T. W.: 294
Emerald, H.M.S.: 179
Emperor of Ethiopia, Haile Selassie: 303, 314
Empire Guillemot, m.v.: 274
Empire Song, s.s.: 116
Eritrea: effect of defeat of Italians in, 223, 232
Erskine, Brigadier I. D.: 165n
Ethiopia: see under Galla-Sidamo and Gondar
Ethiopian Battalions:
2nd: 318-9
3rd: 314
Evetts, Major-General J. F.: 34, 214-6, 220
'EXPORTER': 201, 203-4
Ezraa: Vichy forces capture, 211; Allies retake, 213
Falluja; air attacks on, 189; capture of, 189
Fearless, H.M.S.: 267, 269
Ferguson, Lieut.-Colonel A. H.: 191-2
Field Ambulances:
166th Light: 187n
7th Northern Rhodesian: 321n
1st Tanganyika: 310n, 318n
6th Uganda: 321n
Field Companies:
54th East African: 310n, 321n
53rd Gold Coast: 316, 321n
51st Nigerian: 310n
Field Supply Depots: in Western Desert, 5, 8-9, 21; in Greece, 79, 91
Fighter Command, R.A.F. : 49
Fiji, H.M.S.: 115, 136, 138
Fiona, H.M.S.: 155
Firedrake, H.M.S.: 267, 269
First Sea Lord: see Pound
Fiume: 63, 67-9
Flamingo, H.M.S.: 105
Fleet Air Arm: see also Ark Royal, Formidable, Illustrious; inadequacy of in Mediterranean, 1; sinks Italian destroyers, 40n; and convoy operations, 51, 267-8; in action off Cape Matapan, 62; attacks Tripoli, 111; at Maleme, 121 ; and supplies for Tobruk, 166; and campaign in Syria, 209, 214-5; reinforcement of, 229; and Intendant-General, 241; supplies for, 274; strength in Malta, 280
Squadrons:
No. 700: 62
803: 62, 64-5
805: 127
806: 62
815: in action off Cape Matapan, 62, 64-5; attacks Albanian harbours, 75; in campaign in Syria, 206, 209-10
826: 64-5
829: 64-5, 209, 214
830: at Malta, 45; attacks enemy's supply line, 54, 57; attacks Tripoli, 111
Fliegerführer Afrika: 30, 113
Force H: see also Somerville; and fighter reinforcements for Malta, 48, 231, 268; in convoy operations, 55, 115-7, 267-9, 274-6; and enemy convoys, 55; diversionary operation of, 273; mentioned, 283; strength of, 338
Force K: 283
Force X: 267-9, 274-6
Ford, Vice-Admiral Sir Wilbraham, Vice-Admiral, Malta: 48, 117
Foreign Office: 95, 183, 200
Formidable, H.M.S.: to replace Illustrious, 1; in action off Cape Matapan, 62-4, 67-8; and bombardment of Tripoli, 110-12; and operations against enemy's supply lines, 114; in operation 'T
IGER', 115, 117, 135; useless for defence of Crete, 135; attacks Scarpanto airfields, 140; leaves Middle East, 266Fortune, H.M.S.: 117, 119
Fowkes, Brigadier C. C.: 307, 309-10, 316-20
Fraser, Major-General W. A. K.: 179
Free French Army: see also de Gaulle; in campaign in Syria, 201, 203-4, 207, 210-12, 214, 216, 220, 222; casualties of, 222 Free French Brigade: 212
Free French Movement: see also de Gaulle; possible coup d'état in Syria by, 199; of deep concern to British Government, 200; broadcasts to Syria and Lebanon, 207; and Convention ending hostilities in Syria, 221; tries to rally French Somaliland, 322-3; British relations with, 323
French Government: see under Vichy
French Motor Battalion: 22, 36
French Somaliland: plans to rally, 322; blockade of, 323; British policy in, 323-4
--379--
Freyberg, Major-General B. C.: commands New Zealand Division in Greece, 79; and campaign in Greece, 80, 87, 89, 91, 151; and use of Dominion troops in Middle East, 80-1, 151; and withdrawal from Greece, 100-2; commands troops in Crete, 126, 132; and defence of Crete, 126-7, 133-4, 140-2, 144, 146, 204
Fröhlich, Major-General Stefan: 14, 299-300
Frusci, General: 303
Furglus: capture of, 216-7
Furious, H.M.S.: 229, 231
Galatas: action at, 141
Galla-Sidamo: Italian forces in, 303, 305; roads in, 305; British forces in, 306; operations in, 307-11, 321-2
Galloway, Brigadier A.: 94, 215
Gambara, General: 260
Gambela: capture of, 311
Gambier-Parry, Major-General M. D.; commands 2nd Armoured Division, 2, 122; and defence of Cyrenaica, 19-22, 28, 30
Gambut: air attacks on, 297
Garibaldi: 63, 65
Gariboldi, General Italo: and British Western Desert offensive, 14; and advance into Cyrenaica, 15-7, 25-6; and attack on Tobruk, 153; and Gause, 259; replaced by Bastico, 260
Gause, Major-General Alfred: 259-60
Gazala: naval bombardments of, 40, 159; air attacks on, 297
Gazzera, Lieut.-General Pietro: 303-5, 308, 310-11
Gehrke, Herr: 196
Geisler, General Hans-Ferdinand: 49, 299
Georgic, m.v.: 278
German Air Force: see Luftwaffe
German Armistice Commission in Syria: 194, 214
German Army:
(in North Africa see also D.A.K.); British information about, 9-12; supplies and reinforcements for, 10-11, 53, 156-7, 159, 164, 257, 262-3; strength and state of, 11, 13-7, 159, 164; organisation of, 27; operations and losses of, 19-23, 25-30, 34-9, 153, 155-6, 161-3, 167-71; and offensive against Egypt, 257-8
(in Balkans) strength of, 82, 85; in attack on Yugoslavia, 85-6; operations and losses of in Greece, 86, 88, 90-3, 99-100, 102-3
(in Crete) forces of, 128-30; operations and losses of, 132-5, 140-1, 146-8
Armies:
2nd: 85
12th: in attack on Greece, 85, 86n, 95, 149; in attack on Crete, 129
Corps:
18th: 82, 85-6, 90
30th: 85
40th: 85-6, 89-90
Divisions:
72nd: 99
73rd: 86
Afrika (later 90th Light Division): 262-3
22nd Infantry (Air Landing): 59, 130
5th Light (later 21st Panzer): state of, 13-4; mentioned, 15; in advance into Cyrenaica, 23, 25-6; in attacks on Tobruk, 35, 37-8, 155; transport of to Africa, 53; under Kirchheim, 153; withdrawn, 164; and 'BATTLEAXE', 168-70; experience gained by, 257
5th Mountain: 129-30, 134, 140-1
6th Mountain: in campaign in Greece, 90, 93, 99; in attack on Crete, 129
2nd Panzer: 90, 93
3rd Panzer: 12-3
5th Panzer: 129
9th Panzer: 86, 88
15th Panzer: for Africa, 13, 15-7, 39; mentioned, 35; arrives in Africa, 53, 153; in attacks on Tobruk, 155; in frontier zone, 164; and 'B
ATTLEAXE', 168-70; reinforced, 26321st Panzer: 263
S.S. Adolf Hitler: 86n, 87-8, 103
Regiments and Units:
33rd Artillery Regiment: 164n
104th Regiment: 153
104th Lorried Infantry Regiment: 164n
2nd Machine-Gun Bn: 25, 27
8th Machine-Gun Bn: 25, 26, 38
15th Motor-Cycle Bn: 36, 164n
85th Mountain Regiment: 144
100th Mountain Regiment: 134
141st Mountain Regiment: 144
5th Panzer Regt: in advance into Cyrenaica, 20, 25-7, 37-8; and operation 'B
REVITY', 161; and operation 'BATTLEAXE', 167-718th Panzer Regt: and operation 'B
REVITY', 162; in frontier zone, 164n; and operation 'BATTLEAXE', 167-9, 171; guns with, 17333rd Panzerjäger Battalion: 164n
3rd Parachute Rifle Regiment: 141
3rd Reconnaissance Unit: 25-7, 36
33rd Reconnaissance Unit: 164n, 168
German Commercial Counsellor at Ankara: 194
German Embassy in Athens: 79
German Foreign Office: 194
German Government: 193-4
German High Command of the Air Force: see OKL
German High Command of the Armed Forces: see OKW
German High Command of the Army: see OKH
German Military Attaché in Athens: 79
German Minister in Persia: 194
German Naval Staff: 62
German Navy: 128
Germany: see also Hitler; and Italian defeat in Western Desert, 12, 44; and Mediterranean Fleet, 44; policy of in Balkans, 70, 72-3, 75, 149; invades Yugoslavia, 74, 82-3, 231; invades Greece, 74, 82-3; and anti-British
--380--
Germany—cont.movements in Middle East, 193-4; and support for Iraq, 193-7, 202; and Syria, 200, 202, 205, 222; effect of resistance in Crete on, 204; and attack on Russia, 247, 251, 260-2, 324-5; and invasion of Britain, 247-8; military policy of, 260-2; loses interest in Middle East, 324-5
Gianda: capture of, 319
Gibraltar: possible capture of, 247; human torpedo attack on, 272, 276
Gilliaert, General-Major: 311
Giulio Cesare: 119
Glen ships: 40n, 97
Glenearn, m.v.: 97, 101-2, 105
Glengyle, m.v.: in raid on Bardia, 40; and evacuation from Greece, 97, 105; and withdrawal from Crete, 144; and campaign in Syria, 207-8
Glennie, Rear-Admiral I. G.: 136
Gloucester, H.M.S.: bombards transport near Capuzzo and Bardia, 40; arrives at Malta, 54; joins Force H, 55; in action off Cape Matapan, 62; bombards Tripoli, 110-11; in operation 'TIGER', 115; in defence of Crete, 136, 138
Glubb Pasha (Major J. B. Glubb): 187, 216
Gnat, H.M.S.: 40, 159
Gneisenau: 48
Godwin-Austen, Major-General A. R.: 306, 308, 316
Gold Coast Medium Battery, 51st: 316, 318n, 320, 321n
Golden Square, The: 178
Gondar: Italian forces in, 303; roads in, 312; air effort against, 312-5, 318-20; operations against, 313-21
Gonella, Colonel: 317
Gonnos: capture of, 93
Gordon, Private J. H.: 220
Göring, Marshal of the Reich Hermann: 59, 129
Gott, Brigadier W. H. E.: commands Mobile Force, 34, 36; and operations on Egyptian frontier, 40, 158; and operation 'B
REVITY', 159-60, 162; ordered to hold Halfaya Pass, 163Graham, Captain A.: 189
Graham, Commodore C. M.: 179
Graziani, Marshal Rodolfo: 46, 258
Greece: evacuation from, 55, 70, 84-5, 94-105 passim, 109, 124-5; German interest in, 59; German invasion of, 61, 70, 74, 85; aid for, 70-1, 95-6, 122, 231; defence and defences of, 70, 77-8, 80, 82; difficulties of withdrawal in, 77-8, 90-1; administration of and supplies for troops in, 78-9, 89, 91; airfields in, 81, 92, 129-30; exhaustion of, 82; summary of campaign in, 83-5; air attacks on, 92; generous attitude of people of, 103; withdraws troops from Crete, 121; German transport difficulties in, 130; British action in, 149-50; adverse effect of loss of, 225, 324
Greek Air Force: 81
Greek Army: in campaign in Albania, 73, 75, 87; state of, 76, 78, 83-4, 87, 89, 94-5; in defence of Greece, 83-4, 87-9, 93-5; surrender of in Epirus, 95, 98-9; in defence of Crete, 127, 147
Corps:
3rd: 95
Divisions:
Cavalry: 86
12th: state of; 76, 89; in defence of Greece, 77, 80, 86-7, 89
19th: 76-7, 80
20th: state of, 76, 89; in defence of Greece, 80-1, 86-7, 89
Greek Government: and Wilson's arrival in Athens, 77; and British withdrawal, 89, 94-6, 103; crisis in, 93-4; and surrender of Epirus Army, 95; thanks of, 95
Greek Navy: 62, 68, 96
Greyhound, H.M.S.: 67, 138
Griffin, H.M.S.: 40, 105
Grimsby, H.M.S.: 158
Guépard: 207
Habbaniya: Iraqis occupy plateau above, 131, 181-2, 235; description of, 181; air attacks on plateau, 184; Iraqi attacks on R.A.F. station at, 183-4; Iraqis vacate plateau above, 184, 195; German air attacks on, 188-9, 191-2
Habforce: state of, 185, 187; in campaign in Iraq, 186-7, 201; in campaign in Syria, 207, 213, 216-7
Hackett, Major J. W.: 211
Haining, General Sir Robert: 237-43 'H
ALBERD': 274-6, 278Halder, Colonel-General Franz: on Rommel, 41, 153, 157; on Paulus' mission, 153; on supplies for North Africa, 156-7, 282
Hal Far: air attacks, on, 46-7, 57
Halfaya Pass: actions at, 160-4
Harding, Brigadier A. F.: 29
Hargest, Brigadier J.: and campaign in Greece, 93; and defence of Crete, 131, 134-5, 140-1
Harriman, Mr. Averell: 233
Hasty, H.M.S.: 40, 105
Havock, H.M.S.: 68, 105
Hellas, s.v.: 99
Hellenes, King of the: and defence of Greece, 94-5; generous attitude of, 95, 103; flown to Crete, 98; leaves Crete, 138
Hentig, Georg von: 194-5
Heraklion: as fuelling base, 121; air attacks on, 131; landings at, 131, 133-4, 137; embarkation at, 142-3
Hereward, H.M.S.: 105, 143
Herff, Colonel von: 36, 160-4
Hermes, H.M.S.: 179
Hermione, H.M.S.: 267-9, 276
Hero, H.M.S.: 102-3, 105
Hinton, Sergeant J. D.: 102
Hitler, Adolf: sends troops to North Africa, 12, 128; and capture of Tobruk, 41; on tasks of Fliegerkorps X, 46; and use of North Tunisian ports, 53; and 'Barbarossa' 53, 85, 149, 260-1; and Malta, 59; and Crete, 59, 104, 128, 149; his policy in Balkans, 72; and Yugoslavia, 85; and attack on
--381--
Hitler, Adolf—cont.Greece, 85; his policy in Mediterranean, 128, 299-300; his directive on support for Iraq, 195, 333-4; meets Mussolini on Brenner, 257; on convoys to North Africa, 282
Homs: air attacks on, 201
Hotspur, H.M.S.: 105, 143
Hulme, Sergeant A. C.: 144
Hyacinth, H.M.S.: 105
Iachino, Admiral Angelo: 62-4, 69, 276-7
Ilex, H.M.S.: 210
Illustrious, H.M.S.: replaced by Formidable, 1; air attacks on, 46, 115; mentioned, 62, 136n
Imperial, H.M.S.: 142-3
Imperial Star, m.v.: 275
India: 179, 181, 186
India, Government of: 177, 241
India, Viceroy of: 177-9
Indian Army: 150
Inglis, Brigadier L. M.: 132
Inshore Squadron: state of, 39-40; and supplies for Tobruk, 56, 157-8; air attacks on, 301
Intelligence: (British) in North Africa, 9, 11, 164; about attack on Greece, 82; about attack on Crete, 130; (German) poor on Crete, 130; about operation 'BATTLEAXE', 168-9
Intendant-General: see Haining
Iraq: revolt in, 130-1, 177-193 passim, 201, 217, 239 ; obtains independent sovereignty, 177; R.A.F. bases in, 177; anti-British activities in, 178, 193; Rashid Ali seizes power in, 178; command in, 184-5, 250-1; German support for, 193-6, 257; Armistice with, 192, 332; British action in, 197, 324
Iraq, King of: 177
Iraq, Regent of: see Abdul Illah
Iraqi Army: occupies plateau above Habbaniya, 131, 182; occupies bridges over Tigris and Euphrates, 183; and Armistice terms, 192-3
Iraqi and Assyrian Levies: 181, 189, 191
Iraqi Government: 177-8, 185, 193
Isis, H.M.S.: 105, 210
Italian Admiralty: 68, 268-9, 273
Italian Air Command: 63, 69
Italian Air Force: no longer a serious threat, 5, 324-5; and advance into Cyrenaica, 30-1; its attacks on Malta, 44, 49-50, 301; tasks of, 49, 301; strength and state of, 75, 81, 300; attacks British troops in Greece 79; fails to intervene in bombardment of Tripoli, 112-3, 119; attacks 'T
IGER' convoy, 116-8; operations and losses of, June to October, 298-9, 301; relationship between Luftwaffe and, 300; unable to prevent reinforcement of Malta, 324; (in East Africa) collapse of, 304; operations and losses of, 315, 318-9, 321Squadra:
4th: 75
5th: 1, 300
Italian Armistice Commission in Syria: 193-4, 199
Italian Army: (in Albania) 73, 75; (in North Africa) supplies and reinforcements for, 10, 156-7, 257, 262-3; strength of, 11; and offensive against Egypt, 257-8; (in East Africa) strength and dispositions of, 303, 314; during British offensive, 307-15, 317, 319-21; casualties of, 314, 317n
Armies:
10th: 1, 122
Divisions:
Ariete: in Tripolitania, 14; D.A.K. commands, 15; in advance into Cyrenaica, 25-7, 30, 35; in attacks on Tobruk, 38, 155; and offensive against Egypt, 257; reinforced, 263
Bologna: 14
Brescia: moves to Sirte, 14; in advance into Cyrenaica, 25-7, 35; and investment of Tobruk, 36, 39, 155
21st Colonial: 305, 308-9
22nd Colonial: 305
23rd Colonial: 305, 310-11
24th Colonial: 305, 308-9
25th Colonial: 305, 308
26th Colonial: 305, 310-11
101st Colonial: 305, 308
Pavia: 14
Sabratha: 263
Savona: 14
Trento: 38, 164, 257
Trieste: 263
Units:
Fabris: 26-7, 30, 39
Italian High Command: on Axis offensive in North Africa, 16, 41, 256; mentioned, 26; and action off Cape Matapan, 69; organization of, 258; and Gause, 259; and plan for North Africa, 301
Italian Legation at Baghdad: 177
Italian Minister in Berlin: 194
Italian Navy: and supplies for North Africa, 53; losses of, 55, 58-9, 69; and capture of Malta, 59; attacks shipping at Suda Bay, 61; in action off Cape Matapan, 61-70 passim, 324; aircraft carrier for, 69; operations of curtailed, 69; need for consistent watch on, 114; and 'T
IGER' convoy, 119; and Crete, 135-7, 147; and 'SUBSTANCE' convoy, 268; and E.M.Bs, 270; and 'HALBERD' convoy, 275-7; ceases to interfere with British in Mediterranean, 324; strength of, 339Cruiser Divisions:
1st: 63
3rd: 63
8th: 63
Tenth Light Flotilla: 270, 272
'Italuft': 300
Italy: see also Mussolini; effect of Commando raid on, 58; and campaign in Albania, 73, 75; and German invasion of Greece and Yugoslavia, 85; invades Greece, 121; unlikely to capture Crete, 121; and Syria, 193; and support for Iraq, 196-7; reorganization of command in, 258-9
--382--
Jackal, H.M.S.: 54-5, 209
James, Brigadier W.A.L.: 317-20
Janus, H.M.S.: 54, 209
Jersey, H.M.S.: 54-5
Jervis, H.M.S.: 54, 68
Jibuti: use of port at, 306, 323
Jimma: air attacks on, 309; entry of, 310
Jones, Lieut.-Colonel L. B.: 212
Junck, Colonel Werner: 195
Juno, H.M.S.: 136
Kalamata: action at, 102-3
Kandahar, H.M.S.: 103, 105, 138
Karapara, s.s.: 158
Karassos, General: 87
Kashmir, H.M.S.: 54-5, 115, 138
Keitel, Field-Marshal Wilhelm: 257-8, 282
Kelly, H.M.S.: 54-5, 138
Kelvin, H.M.S.: 54-5
Kenya, H.M.S.: 274
Keren: battle of, 200
Khalde: capture of, 220
Khedive Ismail, s.s.: 105
Kimberley, H.M.S.: 103, 105
King, Rear-Admiral (later Vice-Admiral) E. L. S.: and 'TIGER' convoy, 115-6, 136; commands 15th Cruiser Squadron, 136, 207; and withdrawal from Crete, 144, 146; and campaign in Syria, 207, 210
Kingcol: 186-9, 191-2, 196
Kingston, H.M.S.: 103, 105, 137-8
Kingstone, Brigadier, J. J.: 187-8, 191-2
Kipling, H.M.S.: 54-5, 115, 138
Kippenberger, Colonel H. K.: 132, 141
Kirchheim, Major-General Heinrich: and advance into Cyrenaica, 27, 35; and attack on Tobruk, 153, 155
Knabe, Lieut.-Colonel Gustav: 36
Koryzis, M. Alexander: 93-4
Kotulas, General: 76, 80, 87
Kozani: capture of, 89
Kulkaber: air attacks on, 318, 320; capture of, 320
Kuneitra: British capture, 207; Vichy forces recapture, 210-11; British recapture, 211,
Ladybird, H.M.S.: 40, 158-9
Lagos air route: aircraft deliveries by, 233
Lampo: 54
Lance, H.M.S.: 283
Latham, Brigadier H. B.: 19
Lavarack, Major-General J. D.: commands troops in Cyrenaica, 34; and defence of Tobruk, 37; and campaign in Syria, 206, 208, 214, 216
Laycock, Lieut.-Colonel R. E.: 40n
Layforce: arrives in Middle East, 40n; in defence of Crete, 141, 144, 146
Leakey, Sergeant N. G.: 308
Lee, Brigadier E. A.: 80, 91, 93
Legentilhomme, General: and campaign in Syria, 204, 207-8, 211-2; and French Somaliland, 322
Legnani, Vice-Admiral: 63
Leinster, m.v.: 266-7, 269
Lend-Lease: 228, 231-3
Leonidas: 99n
Libya: interrupting supplies to, see Mediterranean Fleet and Sea Communications; Axis forces in, see German Army and Italian Army
List, Field-Marshal Wilhelm: 85
Lively, H.M.S.: 283
Lloyd, Air Vice-Marshal H. P., Air Officer Commanding, Malta: 296
Lloyd, Brigadier W. L.: 207-8, 210-12
Löhr, Colonel-General Alexander: 128-9
Long Range Desert Group: 8, 30
Longmore, Air Chief Marshal Sir Arthur: see also Commanders-in-Chief; problems and commitments of, 5, 47, 124, 229, 236, 286; forms his 'Balkan reserve', 5-6; and rearmament and reinforcement, 33-4, 229, 232, 235-6, 286; and Malta, 33, 47-8, 51, 56-7; and defence of Egypt, 33-4; and Turkey, 71-2; and Yugoslavia, 71-2; and attacks on Tripoli, 108; and Crete, 124; and Iraq, 182-3, 186; called to London, 235; replacement of, 236; his relations with Prime Minister, 244-6; and air support for Navy, 277
Longo, General: 300
Luftwaffe: effect of its arrival in Mediterranean, 1, 5, 50-1, 115, 226, 265; mines Suez Canal, 1, 226-7; mentioned, 47, 119; fails to intervene in bombardment of Tripoli, 112-3; estimated strength of, 230-1; tasks of, 262; and Mediterranean Fleet, 265-6, 324; attacks shipping in Red Sea, 278; attacks maintenance units, 292-3; operations and losses of, June-October, 297-8; relationship between Italian Air Force and, 300;
(in North Africa) arrival of, 9; attacks Tobruk, 4, 9, 155, 157, 297-8; attacks Benghazi, 9; in advance into Cyrenaica, 30-1; losses of, 31, 162, 171; mentioned, 34; needs reinforcements, 41; strength of 166; and operation 'B
ATTLEAXE', 167, 171; and operation 'HALBERD', 276;(in Sicily) and attacks on Malta, 44, 46, 49, 247, 274; losses of, 49;
(in Balkans) strength of, 81, 85, 129; and campaign in Greece, 82, 85-6, 90, 92, 96, 103-4, 125; losses of 96, 147-8, 205, 222; attacks Yugoslavia, 85; and attack on Crete, 128-48 passim;
(in campaign in Iraq) at Mosul, 184; attacks Habbaniya, 188-9, 191-2; and aid for Iraq, 195-6;
(in Syrian campaign) attacked by R.A.F., 201; leaves Syria, 206; attacks British shipping, 206, 210; losses of, 209-10
Air Division, 7th: and possible capture of Malta, 59; in attack on Crete, 128-31, 134; losses of, 147-8
Luftflotte 4: 85, 128, 299
Fliegerkorps VIII: and invasion of Greece, 85; in attack on Crete, 128-9, 299; losses of 147; and support for Iraq, 195
--383--
Luftwaffe—cont.Fliegerkorps X: arrives in Tripolitania, 14; strength and state of, 14, 47, 113, 299; attacks Malta, 46-7, 49, 113, 266; tasks of, 46-7, 49, 113, 282, 300-1; and capture of Malta, 59; attacks Mediterranean Fleet, 63n; in campaign in Greece, 85; losses of, 47, 113; fails to intervene in bombardment of Tripoli, 113; and attack on Crete, 129, 299; use of, 256; and offensive against Egypt, 258; leaves Sicily, 266, 274; to protect convoys to North Africa, 282; and 'Italuft', 300
Fliegerkorps XI: 128-9, 147, 299
Assault Regiment: in attack on Crete, 128-9, 131, 134, 141; losses of, 147-8
2nd Parachute Rifle Regiment: 134
3rd Parachute Rifle Regiment: 141, 148
Lupo: 137
Luqa: air attacks on, 46-7
'LUSTRE': 61, 70, 96-7, 105
Lyttelton, Rt. Hon. Oliver: 240-3, 323
Mack, Captain P. J.: commands 14th Destroyer Flotilla, 54, 66; in action off Cape Matapan, 66, 68, 70; destroys convoy off Sfax, 110, 283; bombards airfield at Scarpanto, 136; and defence of Crete, 138
Mackay, Major-General Sir Iven: commands 6th Australian Division, 79; in campaign in Greece, 81, 86-9; leaves Greece, 100
Mackay Force: 86-8
Maclean, Air Commodore, L. L.: 294
Maleme: airfield made, 121; air attacks on, 131; landings at, 131-2, 134, 137; capture of, 134; attempt to regain, 134-5, 140; naval bombardment of, 138
Malta: for Governor see Dobbie, for Vice-Admiral see Ford, for A.O.C. see Maynard and Lloyd; reinforcements and supplies for, 1, 33, 43, 47-51, 54, 61, 108, 114-5, 229, 231, 254, 266-9, 274, 276, 278, 283; air attacks on, 1, 44, 46-51, 59, 114, 270, 280, 301; strategic importance of, 43; defence and defences of, 43-52, 59, 107-8, 114, 121, 265-6, 269-70; air forces at, 43-5, 48, 55-6, 107, 269-70, 278, 280; airfields at, 44-5; rationing begins in, 50-1; possible invasion of, 51, 59, 128, 256, 265-6; as a striking base, 52-6, 107, 114, 254, 266, 278, 280, 283; needs more reconnaissance aircraft, 55-6, 107; and attacks on Tripoli, 107-8; E.M.B. attack on, 270
Maltese Government: 50
Manchester, H.M.S.: 267, 269
Manxman, H.M.S.: 269, 272-3
'M
ARIE': 322Maynard, Air Vice-Marshal F. H. M., Air Officer Commanding, Malta: orders removal of Sunderlands and Wellingtons, 47; and fighter defence of Malta, 48-9; retains No. 252 Squadron, 56-7; and bomber offensive, 57; succeeded by Lloyd, 296
McCarthy, Captain E. D. B.: 117
McLean, Captain N. L. D.: 314, 320-1
Me. 109: first appears over Malta, 47
Mediterranean: effect of arrival of Luftwaffe in, 1, 265; hazards of direct route through, 1; co-operation of R.A.F. with Fleet in, 65, 277-8; control of sea communications in, 265; command in, 278; Axis co-operation in, 301; general review, 324-5
Mediterranean Fleet: see also Cunningham, Force H, and Submarines; effect of arrival of Luftwaffe on, 5, 265; bombards airfields and transport in Cyrenaica, 40; and supplies for Tobruk, 40, 155, 157-9, 166, 266; and enemy's supply line to Libya, 40, 55, 108, 114; and reinforcements for Malta, 48, 266-9; in convoy operations, 51, 115-9, 266-9; bombards Tripoli, 51, 57, 96, 110-3, 118; reinforcement of, 54, 115, 223; air support for, 56-7, 254, 277-8; in action off Cape Matapan, 61-70 passim; and 'L
USTRE', 96; and withdrawal from Greece, 96-105 passim, 113, 119, 125; and withdrawal from Crete, 104, 125, 142-4, 146; tasks of, 108, 124, 265-6; and blocking of Tripoli harbour, 109; losses of, 105, 119, 147-8; in defence of Crete, 114, 129, 134-40, 148; needs base at Suda Bay, 121; effect of loss of Crete on, 148-9, 265; in operation 'TIGER' 115-9; bombards Benghazi, 115, 117-8, 159; and operation 'BATTLEAXE', 166, 170-1; and campaign in Syria, 204, 209-10, 214, 219, 266; supply of fuel oil for, 226; and American aid, 232; and Egyptian labour, 238; its relationship with other Services and civil authorities, 239-40; and operations in Persia, 252; and defence of Malta, 265; in diversionary operations, 268, 275-7; strength of, 338Mediterranean Station: 278
Meetings: see Conferences
Merchant Navy: 48, 104
Merchant shipping: control of enemy, 52
Merjayun: British capture, 208, 215; Vichy forces capture, 211, 213
'Merkur': 104, 128-49 passim, 299
Mersa Brega: capture of, 25
Messervy, Major-General F. W.: 165, 168-71
Mezze: air attacks on, 201; capture of, 212
Middle East: see also Middle East base; defence of, 142, 248-9; use of Dominion formations in, 150-1; situation in, 163; changes in organization and command in, 184-5, 235-46; 250-1; anti-British activities in, 193-4; reinforcement of, 223-33; Teeth v. Tail controversy, 223-6, 235, 291; compared with France as theatre of war, 224; American supplies for, 232-3, 237, 325; after collapse of France, 239; need for speedy political decisions in, 239; War Council set up in, 240-1; military plans in, 242-3, 254-5; threat to from the north, 248-50, 254; strategic importance of, 249-50; general review, 324-5
Middle East base: creation of, 225-6, 228; importance of Canal to, 226-7; security of 253-4, 324
Middle East Joint Planning Staff: 96
Milos: captured, 129; airfield at, 129-30
--384--
Minister of State in the Middle East: see Lyttelton
Ministry of Aircraft Production: 235, 237
Ministry of War Transport: 238, 242
Mitchell, Sir Philip: 316
Mobile Naval Base Defence Organization: see Royal Marines
Mohawk, H.M.S.: 54
Molos: action at, 99
Morse, Captain J. A. V.: 144, 146
Morshead, Major-General L. J.: commands 9th Australian Division, 4, 158; concerned about shortage of transport, 6; and Rommel's advance into Cyrenaica, 28; and defence of Tobruk, 35, 37-8, 156, 158
Mostert, Lieut.-Colonel M. C. P.: 313
Mosul: air attacks on, 184
Motor Transport Companies:
22nd East African Brigade Group: 310n
25th East African Brigade Group: 321n
26th East African Brigade Group: 321n
3rd Reserve, R.A.S.C.: 187n
58th Reserve, R.A.S.C.: 318n, 321n
552nd, R.A.S.C.: 187n
Moubray, Lieut.-Colonel J.: 163
Mountbatten, Captain Lord Louis: 54, 118, 138
Mufti of Jerusalem: 178, 193-4
Muirhead, Brigadier J. S.: 158
Mussolini, Benito: lukewarm about German help, 13; and aircraft-carrier for Navy, 69; and Albanian offensive, 75; and support for Iraq, 196; and capture of Suez Canal, 256-7; meets Hitler on Brenner, 257; re-organizes High Command, 258-9; and command in North Africa, 260
Naiad, H.M.S.: 115, 136-7
Nasi, Lieut.-General Guglielmo: commands in Gondar, 303-4; operations against, 311-2, 317; surrenders, 321
Neame, Lieut.-General P.: takes over Cyrenaica Command, 3; and Wavell's instructions on defence of Cyrenaica, 6-8; and enemy intentions, 12; and loss of Cyrenaica, 19-23, 28, 32; capture of, 29, 34; mentioned, 36
Nebek: capture of, 216
Nelson, H.M.S.: 267, 274-6
Neptunia, m.v.: 279
Nestor, H.M.A.S.: 268
Neumann-Silkow, Major-General Walther: 164, 169
New Zealand Artillery:
Regiments:
7th Anti-Tank: 90n
4th Field: 90n
5th Field: 90n, 132n
Battery:
27th Field: 92n, 93
New Zealand Engineers:
19th Army Troops Company: 92n
Operating Group: 227
New Zealand Government: 126, 151
New Zealand land forces: use of, 150-1;
New Zealand Star, m.v.: 116
Niamata: air attacks on, 92
Nigerian Light Battery, 52nd: 310n
Nouailhotas, M. Louis: 323
Nubian, H.M.S.: 54, 68, 140
Nuri-al-Said: 193
Nurk, Captain K.: 320-1;
Nyasaland Field Battery, 54th: 318-20, 321n
Oceania, m.v.: 279
O'Connor, Lieut-General Sir Richard: commands British Troops in Egypt, 3; arrives in Cyrenaica, 21; and loss of Cyrenaica, 23, 28; capture of, 29, 34
OKH: and units for North Africa, 12-3; definition of, 15n; and Rommel, 15-6, 153, 259; mentioned, 41; and arms for Iraq, 194; represented in North Africa, 259
OKL: and air attacks on Malta, 49; definition of, 49n; and action off Cape Matapan, 63, 69; and Fliegerkorps X, 299-300
OKW: and Rommel's offensive, 41; definition of, 41n; mentioned, 257-9; and 'Barbarossa', 260, 282; and shipping losses, 281-2; plan for North Africa, 301
Olbrich, Lieut.-Colonel Dr. Friedrich: 26-7
Oliver, Captain G. N.: 269
Olympus Pass: action at, 93
Operational Centre, No. 2: 313
Orion, H.M.S.: and bombardment of Cyrenaican coast, 40; in action off Cape Matapan, 62-4, 67; and withdrawal from Greece, 97, 101, 105; and bombardment of Tripoli, 111; in operation 'TIGER' 115; in defence of Crete, 136; and withdrawal from Crete, 143
Osiris, H.M.S.: 274
Otus, H.M.S.: 274
Overland route, Basra to Palestine: importance of, 177
Palairet, Sir Michael: 94-5, 98, 138
Palestine, High Commissioner to: 200, 241
Palmyra: air attacks on, 201, 209; capture of, 216
Papagos, General: and Yugoslavia, 73-4; and Albanian fighting, 75; commands Allied troops in Greece, 76; and deployment of forces, 80, 84; and campaign in
Greece, 84, 86-7, 89; and British withdrawal, 89, 94, 124
Paramatta, H.M.S.: 158
Paramythia: air attacks from, 75
Parracombe, s.s.: 48, 56, 274
Parrington, Brigadier L.: 102-3
Partenope: 112
Parthian, H.M.S.: 214
Pass of Balmaha, s.s.: 158
Patriots, Ethiopian: operations and losses of, 303-4, 309, 311-5, 317-22; effect of British air effort on, 304, 315; near Jimma, 310; organization of, 313-4; supplies for, 315
Paul, Prince, Regent of Yugoslavia: 71-3, 75
Paulus, Lieut.-General Friedrich: sent to North Africa, 41; his task, 153; and attack on Tobruk, 155-6; report of, 156, 256; assists von Brauchitsch, 260
Pedder, Lieut.-Colonel R. N. N.: 208
Penelope, H.M.S.: 283
--385--
Pennland, s.s.: 100
Pericles, m.v.: 61
Persia: potential German fifth column in, 252; supply line through, 252-3; operations in, 252-3
Persia, Shah of: 253
Persian Government: 252-3
Perth, H.M.A.S.: and bombardment of Cyrenaican coast, 40; in action off Cape Matapan, 62; and withdrawal from Greece, 97, 101-3, 105; in operation 'TIGER', 115; in defence of Crete, 136-7; and withdrawal from Crete, 144
Perthshire, s.s.: 51
Peter, King of Yugolsavia: 73
Phoebe, H.M.S.: 97, 105, 207
Pilkington, Captain M.: 314, 320-1
Piraeus: air attacks on, 86
Plant, Brigadier E. C. P.: 219
Platt, Lieut.-General Sir William: in East African campaign, 303-4, 311-2, 316; his command, 315-6
Pola: 63, 65, 67-9
Polish Brigade: state of, 2; for Greece, 2, 79; its move to Greece cancelled, 82; crosses from Syria to Palestine, 199; replaces 7th Australian Division at Matruh, 202
Ponath, Colonel Gustav: 27, 29, 35
Port Said: use of, 226
Port Sudan; use of, 227
Portal, Air Chief Marshal Sir Charles, Chief of the Air Staff: 47-8, 108, 230-1
Pound, Admiral Sir Dudley, First Sea Lord and Chief of Naval Staff: 109-10, 283
Pridham-Wippell, Vice-Admiral H. D.; and action off Cape Matapan, 61-4, 67, 70; and withdrawal from Greece, 96-7, 101-2; and bombardment of Tripoli, 110-11; commands battlefleet at sea, 136; in diversionary operations, 268
Prilep, capture of, 86
Prime Minister and Minister of Defence (Rt. Hon. Winston S. Churchill): and defence of Tobruk, 34; and Malta, 51; and Yugoslavia, 73; and Greece, 89; on bombardment of Tripoli, 108, 113; on destruction of enemy convoy, 110; and operation 'T
IGER', 114, 118; and Crete, 124, 126, 142; on priority of commitments in Middle East, 124; and operation 'BATTLEAXE', 164; and Iraq, 179, 184, 186; and Syria, 202-3; in Teeth v. Tail controversy, 223-6, 235, 237, 291; and Takoradi, 230; and American supplies, 232, 237; and Dawson Mission, 235; and Longmore, 236; and Intendant-General, 237-8, 242, 259; and Minister of State, 240; and Wavell, 243-6; appoints Auchinleck C.-in-C., Middle East, 244; relations between Cs.-in-C. and, 244-6; compared with Pitt, 244n; on German attack on Russia, 248; sanctions expansion of Basra base, 250; and Western Desert offensive, 253; on air support, 287; and reinforcements, 291-2; and French Somaliland, 322Prince of Wales, H.M.S.: 274
Prison Valley: landings in, 131, 133-4
Prisoners: at Benghazi, 9; at Tobruk, 37, 39; in Greece, 90, 103; in operation 'B
REVITY', 162; in operation 'BATTLEAXE' 171; in Iraq, 184, 189; in Syria, 211, 216-7, 221-2; a strain on medical and supply services, 224; in East Africa, 309-10, 320-1Prittwitz und Gaffron, Major-General Heinrich von: 35-6
Ptolemais: action at, 88
Puttick, Brigadier E.: and campaign in Greece, 93; and defence of Crete, 127, 134-5, 140-1
Qawukji, Fawzi: 217, 219
Queen Elizabeth, H.M.S.: in operation 'T
IGER', 115-6 ; in defence of Crete, 136; confined to Alexandria, 266Queen Elizabeth, s.s.: 223
Queen Mary, s.s.: 223
Quinan, Lieut.-General E. P.: 186, 252
Radar: absence of at Benghazi, 4; lack of at Tobruk, 31; limitations of at Malta, 45-6; absence of in Italian ships, 69; more British ships fitted with, 119; poor in Canal zone, 298
Raeder, Grand Admiral Erich: 299
Rahn, Dr. Rudolf: 195, 219
Railton, Lieutenant A. S.: 314
Rashid: air attacks on, 184
Rashid Ali el Gailani: seizes power in Iraq, 178, 194; and passage of British troops through Iraq, 179, 181; Axis support for, 185, 188, 194, 196, 205, 222; mentioned, 186; leaves Iraq, 192; collapse of 196
Rawlings, Rear-Admiral H. B.: 136-8, 142-3
Rayak: air attacks on, 201, 209-10, 215
Red Sea: opened to U.S. shipping, 232, 237, 325
Regiments:
6th Australian Divisional Cavalry: 8
Central India Horse: 165n
1st East African Armoured Car: 310n
Household Cavalry: 187n, 191
3rd Hussars: 133n, 141, 146
4th Hussars: 88, 102
11th Hussars: 21, 33
Kenya Armoured Car: 318n, 320-1
1st King's Dragoon Guards: 3
18th K.E. VII's O. Cavalry: 30
New Zealand Divisional Cavalry: 88, 90, 132n
The Royal Dragoons: 210
Royal Tank Regiment:
2nd Battalion: 160, 169
3rd Battalion: 80-1, 88
4th Battalion: 160, 165n, 168
5th Battalion: 20, 23, 29
6th Battalion: 22-3, 169
7th Battalion: 132-3, 168
Renouf, Rear-Admiral E. de F.: 136
Renown, H.M.S.: 48, 115
Retimo: mentioned, 123; air attacks on, 131; landings at, 131, 133; surrender of, 142
Rhodes: as refuelling base, 5
Ribbentrop, Herr von: 194
Richards, Brigadier, C.E.M.: 308
Rimington, Brigadier R.: 3, 28
--386--
Ringel, General: 140-1
Ringrose, Major B. J.: 314-5, 317
Rintelen, Major-General Enno von: 259
Ritchie, Brigadier A. McD.: 308
Roberts, Colonel O. L.: 182, 189
Rodney, H.M.S.: 274-5
Rommel, Lieut.-General (later General) Erwin: his advance into Cyrenaica, 9, 15-7, 21, 24-8, 30, 32-3, 35-6, 53, 57, 82, 108, 113; his ability, 10-11, 32-3, 301; reaches Tripoli, 14; supplies and reinforcements for, 15, 47, 53, 107-8, 259, 262, 281-2, 297; his tasks, 16; captures Benghazi, 26; in relation to Fliegerführer Afrika, 30, 299; objectives of, 35, 153; and attacks on Tobruk, 37-8, 41, 153, 155, 159, 262, 282, 297; criticized by Halder, 41; his demands on Fliegerkorps X, 47, 49; loses confidence in Streich, 153; and operation 'BREVITY', 161-2; and operation 'BATTLEAXE', 166, 168- 70; and Gause, 259; commands Headquarters Armoured Group Africa, 260; and offensive into Egypt, 262, 297
Rondine: 130n
Roosevelt, President: 231-3, 292
Rorqual, H.M.S.: 274
Royal Air Force in Middle East: and convoy operations, 1, 267, 275-7; effect on of arrival of Luftwaffe, 5; rearmament and reinforcement of, 5, 33-4, 119, 223, 22933, 285, 288-92; tasks of, 5, 44, 265, 286-7; in action off Cape Matapan, 62, 65; strength and state of, 230-1, 285, 290; and American aid, 232; in Teeth v. Tail controversy, 235, 291; and aircraft maintenance, 235-6, 292-3; and Longmore, 236; and Egyptian labour, 238: its relationship with other Services and civil authorities, 239-40; and Intendant-General, 241; co-operation of with Fleet, 277-8, 286; training of, 290-1; and support of Army, 286-8, 294-6; operations and losses of, June to October, 296-8;
(in North Africa) sets up Cyrenaican H.Q., 6; strength and state of, 6, 166; and defence of Cyrenaica, 19, 23, 31; and defence of Egypt, 33-4; attacks on Tripoli, 111; in operation 'B
REVITY', 162; in operation 'BATTLEAXE', 165-7, 169-71, 173; operations of, June to October, 296-7;(in Malta) strength and state of, 43-5, 269, 280, 283; operations and losses of, 45-9, 57-8, 267-8, 270, 275-6, 280, 296-7; need of fighter cover from, 56; supplies for, 274;
(in Greek campaign) operations and losses of, 73, 75, 92, 96, 105, 122; strength and state of, 75, 81-2, 125; and withdrawal, 97-8, 105;
(in Crete campaign) uses Heraklion, 121; weakness of 125-6, 128, 135; its fighters leave Crete, 127; operations and losses of, 127-8, 135, 139-40, 143, 147;
(In Iraq) bases of, 177; strength of, 179; operations and losses of, 181-4, 188-9, 191, 193, 253;
(in Syrian campaign) operations and losses of, 201, 209-10, 212, 214-5, 222; strength of, 204-6, 215, 222; tasks of 209-10, 214;
(in East African campaign) destroys Italian ships, 40n; operations and losses of, 304, 312-5, 318-22; strength of, 312
Groups:
No. 201 Naval Co-operation: 277-8, 286, 294
202: 5, 31, 294
203: 294, 315
204: set up, 35; and operation 'B
ATTLEAXE', 165-6; mentioned, 291; Air H.Q. Western Desert formed from, 294205: 294
206: 294
207: 294
Maintenance: 235, 237
Wings:
No. 253 Army Co-operation: 294
257: 11, 35
Squadrons:
No.6: under H.Q. R.A.F. Cyrenaica, 6; in defence of Cyrenaica, 8, 11, 23, 31; under No. 204 Group, 35
11: 81, 205, 209-10
14: 35, 140, 160
21: 57
30: 81
31: 179
33: 81 127
37: attacks shipping in Albania, 75: in campaign in Greece, 86, 97; attacks airfields in Greece and Dodecanese, 127; attacks Maleme airfield, 140; in campaign in Iraq, 183-4; in campaign in Syria, 215; attacks Benghazi, 296
38: leaves Greece, 97; attacks airfields in Greece, 127; attacks Maleme airfield, 140; in campaign in Syria, 215; attacks convoy at Tripoli, 280; attacks Benghazi, 296
39: under No. 204 Group, 35; reconnaissances by 56, 296; and defence of Crete, 136
45: move of to Greece cancelled, 23; in defence of Cyrenaica, 23, 30-1; in Western Desert, 35; in defence of Tobruk, 38; attacks Maleme airfield, 140; in campaign in Syria, 215
47: 312-5, 318
55: under H.Q. R.A.F. Cyrenaica, 6; reconnaissances by, 9, 11; in defence of Cyrenaica, 19, 23, 30-1; in Western Desert, 35; in defence of Tobruk, 38; attacks Maleme airfield, 140
60: 45, 55-6, 275
--387--
Squadrons—cont.
No.—cont.
70: attacks airfields in Greece, 127; in campaign in Iraq, 183; in campaign in Syria, 215; attacks Benghazi, 296
73: under H.Q. R.A.F. Cyrenaica, 6; in defence of Tobruk, 31, 35, 39, 156; and withdrawal from Crete, 144
78: 57-8
80: 81, 127, 205-6, 209
84: in action off Cape Matapan, 62; in campaign in Greece, 81, 86: in campaign in Syria, 206, 209-10
105: 280
107: 280
112: 81, 127
113: 62, 81
127: 217
148: at Malta, 45; attacks enemy's supply line, 57; attacks Tripoli, 111; attacks airfields in Greece, 127; attacks Maleme airfield, 140; in campaign in Syria, 215; attacks Benghazi, 296
185: 49
203: 184, 187
208: 81, 206
211: 62, 81, 92
216: 97
228: at Malta, 45, 55; leaves Malta, 47, 56; and evacuation from Greece, 97
230: 62, 97
237 (Rhodesian): 312
244: 179, 183
249: 49
252: arrives at Malta, 56; attacks Greek airfields, 57; leaves Malta, 57; in operation 'TIGER', 115-16, 118
261: 45, 49
267: 97
272: 144, 276
274: under No. 204 Group, 35; in defence of Tobruk, 39, 156; and withdrawal from Crete, 144; in operation 'B
REVITY', 160450/260: 215
806/33: 215
Flights:
Free French: 312, 314-5
X: 206
Other Units
No. 2 Armoured Car Company: 187, 189
Base Salvage Depot: 293
No. 4 Flying Training School: 179, 181-4
No. 101 Maintenance Unit: 292
No. 102 Maintenance Unit: 292-3
No. 103 Maintenance Unit: 292
No. 107 Maintenance Unit: 292
No. 111 Maintenance Unit: 293
Malta Night Fighter: 270
Royal Artillery: see also Royal Horse Artillery
Brigades:
4th Anti-Aircraft: 39, 158
Regiments:
7th Anti-Aircraft: 46
10th Anti-Aircraft: 46
102nd Anti-Tank: 88n
Beach Defence (Malta): 52
5th Coast: 132n, 133n
1st Field: 207n
3rd Field: 179
8th Field: 160
25th Field: 165n
31st Field: 169
51st Field: 23
14th Light Anti-Aircraft: 158
52nd Light Anti-Aircraft: 132n
7th Medium: 133n
64th Medium: in campaign in Greece, 80, 88n, 90n, 93
234th Medium: 133n
4th Searchlight: 46
Batteries:
237th Field: 187n, 189
153rd Heavy Anti-Aircraft: 158
235th Heavy Anti-Aircraft: 158
39th Light Anti-Aircraft: 158
40th Light Anti-Aircraft: 158
57th Light Anti-Aircraft: 158
156th Light Anti-Aircraft: 132-3
27th/28th Medium: 165n
18th Mountain: in East African campaign, 310n, 318, 320, 321n
22nd Mountain: in East African campaign, 310n, 318, 320, 321n
304th Searchlight: 132n
484th (Carmarthenshire) Searchlight: 46n
Royal Australian Air Force, No. 3 Squadron: and defence of Benghazi, 4; under H.Q. R.A.F. Cyrenaica, 6; possible move of, 8; and defence of Mersa Brega, 19; withdrawn to Maraua, 22; and defence of Tobruk, 30-1; in campaign in Syria, 206, 209, 216
Royal Australian Navy: 252
Royal Engineers:
2nd (Cheshire) Field Squadron: 187n
16th (Fortress) Company: 46n
42nd Field Company: 132n
No. 5 Boring Section: 187n
Royal Horse Artillery:
Regiments:
1st: 38
2nd: 88n
102nd (Northumberland Hussars): 132n
106th: 132-3
Battery:
M: 30, 39
Royal Indian Navy: 252
Royal Malta Artillery: 271
Regiment:
2nd Anti-Aircraft: 46
Batteries:
30th Light Anti-Aircraft (T): 46
8th Searchlight: 46n
--388--
Royal Marines: 147
Mobile Naval Base Defence Organisation: task of, 121; arrives in Crete, 125; in defence of Crete, 132n
Regiments:
2nd Heavy Anti-Aircraft: 132n
Searchlight: 132n
Batteries:
X Coast Defence: 133n
C: 132n, 133n
Z Coast Defence: 132n
Royal Navy: see Mediterranean Fleet
Russia: German attack on, 59, 247, 251, 260-2, 324-5; aid for, 233, 252-4; and Persia, 252-3
Rutba: description of, 186-7; air attacks on, 187; capture of, 187
Sadler, Brigadier N. V.: 46
St. Didier: 214
Salonika defence of, 71, 73-4; capture of, 86
Salvia, H.M.S.: 105
Salween, s.s.: 105
Sansonnetti, Vice-Admiral: 63
Santoro, General G.: 75n
Sappers and Miners:
K.G.O. Bengal, 4th Field Company: 165n
Q.V.O. Madras: 189
Royal Bombay, 18th Field Company: 207n
Sarajoglu, Mr.: 72, 251
Savige, Brigadier S. G.: 90, 219
Savige Force: 90-1, 93
Savile, Group Captain W, A. B.: 179
Savory, Brigadier R. A.: 165, 170
Scarpanto: bombardment of airfield at, 136
Scharnhorst: 48
Schuster, Admiral: 137
Schwerin, Lieut.-Colonel Graf: 26-7, 38
Sciola: air attacks on, 309; capture of, 309-10
Sciré: 272
Sea Communications: between Italy and Libya, 40, 43, 52-3, 56, 58, 107-8, 113, 266, 278-9, 300; between Western and Eastern Mediterranean, 46; in Eastern Mediterranean, 62, 265; in Aegean, 62, 279; between Greece and North Africa, 266
Secretary of State for War: 238
Senior Officer (later Flag Officer Commanding), Red Sea: 278
Sephton, Petty Officer A. E.: 158
Servia: action at, 90
Sheffield, H.M.S.: 48, 115
Sheikh Meskine: capture of, 207
Sheppard, Bimbashi L. F.: 314
Shone, Mr. Terence, British Minister in Cairo: 72-3
Sidon: capture of, 213
Simonds, Major A. C.: 313
Simovitch, General: 73-4
Skoplje: capture of, 86
Slamat, s.s.: 101, 105
Slater, Brigadier J. N.: 158
Slatter, Air Commodore L. H.: 277, 294, 312-3
Slim, Major-General W. J.: 217
Smallwood, Brigadier G. R.: 309
Smart, Air Vice-Marshal H. G.: commands R.A.F. in Iraq, 179; prepares for hostilities, 181-2, reinforcements for, 182; his efforts to prevent fighting in Iraq, 182-3; decides to attack Iraqis, 183; and campaign in Iraq, 184, 186; receives Prime Minister's congratulations, 184; succeeded by D'Albiac, 188
Soddu: capture of, 308
Sollum: naval bombardments of, 40
Somerville, Vice-Admiral Sir James: and fighter reinforcements for Malta, 48; and convoy operations, 55, 115-6, 267-9, 274-7; and control of sea communications, 265; and operation by Manxman, 272-3; and diversionary operation, 273
Souffleur: 214
South Africa, Prime Minister of: 240-1
South African Air Force:
(in East African campaign) operations and losses of, 304, 309-13, 315, 318-22; strength and state of, 306, 312-3
Wings:
No. 2: 313, 315, 318
Squadrons:
No. 3: 306, 312-3, 318
11: 306
12: 296, 306
15: 306, 313
16: 313
24: 35, 140, 296
40: 306
41: 306, 313, 318
South African Artillery:
Brigades:
7th: 310n
1st Medium: 310n
Batteries:
1st Field: 310n
7th Field: 310n
South African Engineers:
9th Field Company: 318n, 321n
17th Field Park Company: 310n
25th Road Construction Company: 318n
South African Light Armoured Detachment: 320, 321n
South Africa Light Tank Company: 310n
Southampton, H.M.S.: 115
Southern Maid, H.M.S.A.S.: 158
South Force: 317-20
Sowrey, Air Commodore W.: 306, 316
Spackman, Air Commodore C. B. S.: 313
Spears, Major-General E. L.: 200, 202
Special Air Service Battalion, 11th: 58
Special Service Brigade: 40n, 108
Battalions:
A: 40, 141
B: 40n
C: 40n, 204, 206-9
D: 40n, 141
Sphakia: retreat to, 143; embarkation at, 142, 144, 146
'SPLICE': 49
Staff Conversations: see Conferences
Stevens, Brigadier J. E. S.: 208, 213
Streich, Major-General Johannes: commands 5th Light Division, 13; and advance into Cyrenaica, 16, 26-7, 30, 35; Rommel loses confidence in, 153
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Stuart, H.M.A.S.: 40, 101, 105
Student, General Kurt: and attack on Crete, 128-9, 131, 134, 148
'STYLE': 269, 272, 278
Submarine Flotillas:
1st: 279
8th: 279
10th: 279
Submarines:
(British) operations and losses of, 55, 107, 278-9; tasks of; 279; strength of, 338
(Italian) strength of, 339
'S
UBSTANCE': 266-70, 274-5, 278Suda Bay: Italian motor boats attack shipping in, 61, 121; as fuelling base for Royal Navy, 121; threat to, 121; air attacks on, 121, 123; defence of, 121-2, 124
Sudan Defence Force: 304, 312, 314
Suez: port of, 226-7; capacity of increased, 226; railway to Ismailia from, 226; oil pipeline to Port Said from, 226; hold-up of ships at, 227; air attacks on, 298, 301; congestion of shipping at, 300-1; United States ships at, 325
Suez Canal: mining of, 1, 226-7; possible capture of, 128, 256-7; development of ports along, 226-8; air attacks on, 298, 300
Sukhne: action at, 216-7
Support Groups:
2nd: state of, 3-4; in defence of Cyrenaica 9, 19, 20-2, 27; in defence of Tobruk, 29; reorganized and reinforced, 34
7th: 160, 164-5, 169
Sydney Star, m.v.: 268
Syfret, Rear-Admiral E. N.: 267-8
Syria: declares for Vichy, 121; Italian Armistice Commission sent to, 193-4; air base for Germans in, 195; as supply base for Iraq, 195; threatens British position in Middle East, 197; campaign in, 199-222; internal problems in, 199, 221; possible coup d'état in, 199-200; British troops for, 200-5, 215, 221; provision of lorries for Free French in, 201-2; French resistance to Germans in, 201-2; importance of establishing British forces in, 204; description of 206, 219; Convention with, 221, 335; importance of, 226-7; Germans withdraw from, 257
Taha el Hashimi: 178
Takoradi air route: aircraft deliveries by, 33, 47-8, 229-30, 289; Mr. Harriman's comments on, 233; American transport aircraft for, 233
Tanks:
Italian:
M.13: used by British, 3
British: defects of, 3; production of, 174-6; available for Western Desert offensive, 254-5;
'I' (Matilda): for Middle East, 33; in operations 'B
REVITY' and 'BATTLEAXE', 172-3German: production of, 174-6;
Pzkw I, II, III, IV: description of, 174
American:
General Grant medium: production of, 232;
Stuart M.3 light: production of, 232; description of, 255
Note on tanks, armour and anti-tank guns, 341-5
Tavronitis River: 131, 134n
Tedder, Air Marshal A. W.: see also Commanders-in-Chief; and defence of Tobruk, 39; becomes A.O.C.-in-C., 139n, 236; and operation 'B
ATTLEAXE', 166, 171; and maintenance organization, 236-7, 292; and Western Desert offensive, 254, 285; and operation 'HALBERD', 275; and air support 277, 286-7; his use of increasing strength, 290; in Teeth v. Tail controversy, 291-2; reorganizes Command, 293-4; and East Africa Command, 316Teheran: entered, 253
Tembien: 269
Tempe, Vale of: action at, 92-3
Terror, H.M.S.: 4
Thermopylae: defence of, 99
Thoma, Major-General Wilhelm, Ritter von: 13
Thurland Castle, m.v.: 105
'T
IGER': Force H prepares for, 55; Beaufighter protection for, 56; description of operation, 114-9; mentioned, 159. 162, 164; cannot be repeated, 254-5Tilly, Major-General J. C.: 2
Tirana: air attacks on, 86
Tobruk: air attacks on, 4, 9, 39, 155, 157, 297-8, 301; as supply base, 5; defence and defences of, 31, 34, 36-9, 153, 298; British garrison of, 33, 35, 37, 153, 157-9, 163, 165; investment of, 35-40, 108, 153, 155-9, 161, 166, 238; supplies for, 153, 155, 157-8, 297, 301; and operation 'B
ATTLEAXE', 163, 165; and Western Desert offensive, 255Transjordan Frontier Force: 185, 187, 211
Treaties, etc.: Tripartite Pact, 71-3; Anglo-Iraqi, 177, 179, 182, 193; Armistice with Iraq, 192-3, 205, 332; German Armistice with France, 193, 199; Anglo-French Convention ending hostilities in Syria and the Lebanon, 221, 335-7; Turko-German Treaty of Friendship, 251
Trieste: 63
Tripoli: air attacks on, 11, 57, 108, 280, 296; naval bombardments of, 40, 57, 107-13; 118; question of blocking harbour at, 107-10; description of, 110
Tripoli (Syria): air attacks on, 215
Tripolitania: German and Italian forces in, 10-13; no immediate threat to, 15
Truant, H.M.S.: 110-11
Tsolacoglou, General: 95
Tsouderos, M: 95, 98
Turkey: aid for, 24, 71, 252; policy of in Balkans, 71-2, 85; opposed to Iraqi rising, 194; moves troops towards Syrian frontier, 201; and campaign in Syria, 203-4; signs Treaty of Friendship with Germany, 251; her staff talks with British, 251-2
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Turkish Foreign Minister: see Sarajoglu
Turkish Government: and German aggression in Balkans, 71-3; offers to mediate between Britain and Iraq, 185; declines to occupy north Syrian airfields, 204; refuses passage for Vichy troops, 214
Ugolini, Colonel: 319-20
Unbeaten, H.M.S.: 279
Undaunted, H.M.S.: 55
Union, H.M.S.: 279
United States of America: defence of Great Britain and Greece vital to, 231; and Lend-Lease, 231-3; tank output of, 232
United States Minister at Baghdad: 197
Ulster Prince, m.v.: 99-100, 105
Upham, 2nd Lieutenant C. H.: 144
Upholder, H.M.S.: 55, 279
Upright, H.M.S.: 55, 279
Ursula, H.M.S.: 279
Usk, H.M.S.: 55
Utmost, H.M.S.: 276
Valiant, H.M.S.: in action off Cape Matapan, 62, 67; bombards Tripoli, 110; in operation 'TIGER', 115; in defence of Crete, 136, 138, 147; confined to Alexandria, 266
Valmy: 207
Valona: air attacks on, 75-6
Vasey, Brigadier G. A.: and campaign in Greece, 88; and defence of Crete, 127, 133, 146
Vaughan, Brigadier E. W. D.: 30
Vauquelin: 214
Vendetta, H.M.A.S.: 40
Verria: withdrawal from, 88
Veve: withdrawal from, 88
Vichy Air Force: (in Syria) strength of, 206; losses of, 210, 216, 220; operations of, 213-4, 217, 222
Vichy Army: in campaign in Syria, 205-9, 211-7, 219-21; losses of, 222
Vichy Fleet: 209, 214
Vichy Government: and use of North Tunisian ports, 53; and war material for Iraq, 195; orders surrender in Syria 199; and reinforcements for Syria, 214; and Convention ending hostilities in Syria, 221; British relations with, 323; and French Somaliland, 323-4
Victoria Cross: awards of, 38, 55, 102, 144, 158, 211, 220, 308
Victorious, H.M.S.: 231
Vita, H.M. Hospital Ship: 158
Vittorio Veneto: 63-5, 67-8, 70
Voyager, H.M.S.: 105
W Force: state of, 76; supplies for, 78-9; strength and dispositions of, 76, 79-84, 86-9; in campaign in Greece, 83-7, 89, 93; withdrawal of, 84-5; anti-aircraft protection of, 122; and defence of Crete, 125
Wadara: capture of, 308
Wanklyn, Lieut.-Commander M. D.: 55
War Cabinet: see also Defence Committee: and withdrawal from Greece, 95; tells General Wavell to hold Crete, 126; and decision to oppose German attack on Balkans, 150; and Iraq, 177-8; policy of in Syria, 199-200; and end of hostilities in Syria, 221; strength of British Army fixed by, 224; and Minister of State, 239-40
War Office: Wavell reports to, 21; and Teeth v. Tail controversy, 224-5; and transport, 228; and East Africa Command, 316
Warspite, H.M.S.: in action off Cape Matapan, 62, 65-8; bombards Tripoli, 110; in operation 'T
IGER', 115; in defence of Crete, 136, 138; leaves Middle East, 266Waterhen, H.M.A.S.: 40, 158
Wavell, General Sir Archibald: see also Commanders-in-Chief; forces of, 1-2, 12, 24, 285; and Greece, 2, 12, 24-5, 89, 94-5, 149-50; considers no immediate threat to Cyrenaica, 2, 12; his instructions to Neame, 6-8; and loss of Cyrenaica, 20-1, 24, 29, 32; and Turkey, 24, 71-2 ; and defence of Egypt, 33, 53; reorganizes command in Cyrenaica, 34; and Tobruk, 34-5; sends troops to Malta, 51; and Yugoslavia, 71-2; and reinforcements, 114, 118, 159, 224-6, 292; and Crete, 124-6, 141-2; and Blamey, 151; his weakness in tanks, 159; and operation 'B
REVITY', 159; and operation 'BATTLEAXE', 159, 163-5, 167, 169-71; and Syria, 170, 199-204, 209, 221; the many demands upon his resources, 171-2, 185, 203, 243; and Iraq, 178-9, 185-6, 197, 200-1, 250-1; in Teeth v. Tail controversy, 224-6; short of transport, 224, 228; and American supplies, 132; and Intendant-General, 237-8, 242-3; suggests Cabinet have representative near Middle East, 239; problems and responsibilities, of 243, 245-6; replaced by Auchinleck, 243-4; becomes C.-in-C. India, 244, 250; his relations with Prime Minister, 244-6; fine qualities of, 246; and base at Basra, 250; and Persia, 252; and East Africa, 304-5, 312, 316; and French Somaliland, 322-3Weichold, Vice-Admiral Eberhard: 54
Weld, Brigadier C. J.: 217
Western Desert: to have first call on resources, 33; airfields in, 33; command in, 33-5; operations in, 35-9, 155-7, 160-71, 296-8; need for decisive military success in, 163, 166, 204; possible renewal of offensive in, 253-4, 266, 325
Western Desert Air Force: 294
Western Desert Force: command of, 34; state of, 114, 159, 172-3; and operation 'B
REVITY', 162; and operation 'BATTLEAXE' 163, 165, 170-3; losses of, 171Weston, Major-General E. C.: commands M.N.B.D.O., 125; and defence of Crete, 125, 127, 141, 46
Wetherall, Major-General H. E. de R.: 306, 309, 316-7
Whiteley, Brigadier J. F. M.: 232
Willis, Rear-Admiral A. U.: 136n
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Wilson, Lieut.-General Sir H. Maitland: becomes Military Governor and G.O.C.in-C. Cyrenaica, 3; commands W Force, 70, 76-7, 81-2; and Yugoslavia, 73-4; and deployment of forces, 79-83; his difficulties in defending Greece, 80, 82; and campaign in Greece, 83, 86-7; and withdrawal from Greece, 89, 94, 98-101; on defence of Crete, 125; commands in Palestine and Transjordan, 126, 185, 196, 202; and campaign in Syria, 202, 206-8, 216, 221
Wolchefit: Italian forces at, 314-5; advance to, 314-7; air attacks on, 315; capture of, 317
Wondo: capture of, 308
Wryneck, H.M.S.: 101, 105
Yankovitch, General: 74, 80
Yeatman, Major J. L.: 321
York, H.M.S.: 61, 96, 270
Yugoslav Army: 83, 93
Yugoslav General Staff: 71
Yugoslav Government: 70-5, 149
Yugoslavia: and resistance to German aggression, 70-5; aid for, 71, 231; and Albania, 73-4; coup d'état in, 73-5, 82, 149; and German invasion of Greece, 74; campaign in, 85-6; air attacks on, 92
Yugoslav Minister for Foreign Affairs: 73
Yugoslav President of the Council: 73
Zara: 63, 67-9
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Appendix X * Contents