|
Foreword |
v |
|
The Authors |
vi |
|
Preface |
vii |
| Chapter |
|
|
Page |
PART ONE Opening the Road to China |
| I. |
New Commanders in a Split Theater |
3 |
| |
The Political and Economic Scene in China |
7 |
| |
Wedemeyer's Missions and Roles |
14 |
| |
The U.S. Command Structure in China Theater |
19 |
| |
The U.S. Projects in China |
24 |
| |
Sultan's Task |
29 |
| |
The American Effort in India and Burma |
33 |
| |
The SOS in India, Fall 1944 |
36 |
| |
Supply Activities in India |
40 |
| |
Lend-Lease to China |
43 |
| II. |
Wedemeyer Begins His Work in China |
46 |
| |
Japanese Plans in American Eyes |
46 |
| |
The Japanese Side of the Hill |
49 |
| |
Wedemeyer's Reactions to the Chinese Scene |
51 |
| |
The Japanese Begin To Threaten |
55 |
| |
ALPHA: Beginning an Attempt To Save |
56 |
| |
Chinese Reactions to ALPHA |
61 |
| |
Strengthening the Chinese Forces |
64 |
| |
Filling the Gaps in the Chinese Divisions |
66 |
| |
Plans To Break the Transport Bottleneck |
67 |
| |
Attempts To Arm Hsueh Yueh |
71 |
| |
Plans To Use the Chinese Communists |
72 |
| III. |
Beginning the Fall Campaign in North Burma |
77 |
| |
The Situation at the Front |
77 |
| |
Planning the First Directive |
81 |
| |
Events Cancel the Attack on Rangoon |
85 |
| |
Allied Land Forces, Southeast Asia |
87 |
| |
NCAC Prepares To Resume Operations |
89 |
| |
Logistical Support |
96 |
| |
Japanese Plans and Preparations |
98 |
| |
Reopening the Fight |
101 |
| |
The Attack in the Center |
106 |
| |
Fighting Around Tonkwa |
110 |
| IV. |
Breaking the Blockade of China |
114 |
| |
NCAC Drives Toward China |
114 |
| |
Attack on Bhamo |
118 |
| |
Last Days of the Burma Blockade |
123 |
| |
The End of the Salween Campaign |
130 |
| |
Opening the Ledo Road |
136 |
| V. |
The Crest of the Flood in China |
142 |
| |
Wedemeyer Asks Help From SEAC |
142 |
| |
Reaching a Decision |
145 |
| |
Moving Reinforcements to China |
147 |
| |
Attempts To Reinforce the Kweiyang Area |
150 |
| |
Wedemeyer Reshapes His Organization |
155 |
| |
Moving Toward Better Co-ordination |
158 |
| |
The Japanese Menace at Its Height |
164 |
| |
Wedemeyer's Views on China's Problems |
165 |
| |
Cherry Blossom and Sea Wind |
169 |
| |
The Fourteenth Air Force Versus the Japanese |
170 |
| |
The Suichuan Operation |
176 |
PART TWO Plans and Preparations for Opening a Port in China |
| VI. |
The MARS Force and the Burma Road |
183 |
| |
Marsmen Prepare for Battle |
183 |
| |
Over the Hills and Through the Woods |
186 |
| |
Harassing Japanese Traffic |
190 |
| |
The Block Disapproved |
199 |
| VII. |
Victory in Burma Frees Troops for China |
206 |
| |
MARS's Last Fight |
206 |
| |
Clearing Loi-kang Ridge |
209 |
| |
From Combat to Administration |
211 |
| |
The British 36th Division Wins Its Hardest Fight |
214 |
| |
The Burma Campaign Moves Toward a Climax |
217 |
| |
Slim Wins the Decisive Battle |
220 |
| |
Reinforcements for China Theater |
223 |
| |
Lashio and the Reinforcement Problem |
226 |
| VIII. |
Finding a Way to Advise and Assist |
231 |
| |
Making Liaison Effective |
231 |
| |
Working Out the Thirty-six-Division Plan |
238 |
| |
Food for the ALPHA Soldiers |
241 |
| |
Carrying Out the Food Program |
244 |
| |
Problems and Accomplishments of the Food Program |
246 |
| |
The Student Volunteers |
247 |
| |
No Arms for the Chinese Communists |
249 |
| |
Conducting a Straightforward Show |
254 |
| |
The Problem of French Indochina |
259 |
| IX. |
Meeting the First Test in China |
262 |
| |
The Thirty-six Divisions Take Form |
262 |
| |
Eastern Command's Work Interrupted |
269 |
| |
The American Share in the Chihchiang Campaign |
276 |
| |
The Test Successfully Passed |
285 |
| X. |
Role of the India-Burma Base |
291 |
| |
A Unified Command Structure |
291 |
| |
Personnel Management Problems |
294 |
| |
Social Problems |
297 |
| |
Preventive Medicine |
301 |
| |
Reciprocal Aid and Lend-Lease to India |
303 |
| |
Supply Policies for China Theater Projects |
306 |
| |
Ports, Pipelines, and Railroads |
309 |
| |
Operating the Line of Communications to China |
313 |
| |
The Line of Communications Reappraised |
318 |
| |
Transferring Support From SEAC to China |
321 |
| |
The Last Battles in Burma |
325 |
| XI. |
Preparing a Drive to the China Coast |
330 |
| |
Plan BETA |
330 |
| |
Wedemeyer's Visit to Washington |
336 |
| |
Logistical Obstacles to BETA |
340 |
| |
SOS Problems and China Operations |
346 |
| |
The Japanese Save RASHNESS |
349 |
| |
The Drive to the Sea Moves Off Dead Center |
353 |
| |
New Commanders for CARBONADO |
356 |
| |
Preparations To Open a Seaport |
360 |
| |
Problems of the Ground Line of Communications |
363 |
| |
Logistical Problems of Fort Bayard |
366 |
| XII. |
The End of Wedemeyer's Experiment |
368 |
| |
The Chinese Army, Summer 1945 |
368 |
| |
The School System of the Chinese Training Center |
373 |
| |
Helping the Chinese SOS |
378 |
| |
The Communist Problem Emerges Again |
381 |
| |
The Chinese Reoccupy Their Land |
386 |
| |
What Are the Problems of a Sudden Peace? |
388 |
| |
Events in the Pacific Overtake CARBONADO |
392 |
| |
| Bibliographical Note |
397 |
| Glossary |
402 |
| Basic Military Map Symbols |
405 |
| Index |
409 |
| |
| CHARTS |
| No. |
| Page |
| 1. |
Tonnage Supplied to China From India-Burma:
October 1944-September 1945 |
14 |
| 2. |
Organization of U.S. Forces, China Theater:
January 1945 |
20 |
| 3. |
Allied Chain of Command: November 1944 |
30 |
| 4. |
Chinese ALPHA Forces: 36-Division Force |
237 |
| 5. |
Sino-American Liaison System (Schematic) |
263 |
| |
| TABLES |
| 1. |
Tonnages Delivered by India-China Division, ATC |
40 |
| 2. |
Comparison of Japanese and Chinese Division Firepower |
232 |
| 3. |
U.S. Troop Strengths, China Theater: 1945 |
258 |
| 4. |
Vehicle and Cargo Deliveries to China and Burma by Months: 1945 |
317 |
| 5. |
Gasoline Deliveries by Pipeline to China |
318 |
| 6. |
Division Training Status: 5 August 1945 |
372 |
| 7. |
Chinese Order of Battle: 31 August 1945 |
382 |
| |
MAPS |
| 1. |
India-Burma Theater, 1944-1945 |
7 |
| 2. |
China-Burma-India Line of Communications, July 1945 |
35 |
| 3. |
Situation in China, October 1944 |
48 |
| 4. |
The ALPHA Plan, November 1944 |
59 |
| 5. |
Disposition of Forces, 15 October 1944 |
76 |
| 6. |
North Burma Operations, 15 October-31 December 1944 |
101 |
| 7. |
Opening the Road to China |
124 |
| 8. |
End of the Salween Campaign, 3 November 1944-27 January 1945 |
132 |
| 9. |
The Suichuan Operation, January 1945 |
177 |
| 10. |
Securing the Burma Road, January-March 1945 |
183 |
| 11. |
The MARS Force, 19 January 1945 |
191 |
| 12. |
Offensive of British Fourteenth Army, 12 December 1944-3 May 1945 |
217 |
| 13. |
The Chihchiang Campaign, 8 April-7 June 1945 |
271 |
| |
| ILLUSTRATIONS |
| Maj. Gen. Albert C. Wedemeyer Arriving at Chungking |
5 |
| Terrain in the Kunming Area |
11 |
| C-46 of the Air Transport Command |
13 |
| Ancient Chinese Villager |
17 |
| Maj. Gen. Claire L. Chennault |
22 |
| Kunming Airfield |
24 |
| India-Based B-29's |
25 |
| Y-Force Officers |
29 |
| Lt. Gen. Daniel I. Sultan |
31 |
| Loading River Boats |
36 |
| Loading Boxcars |
37 |
| Bulldozer in Operation South of Myitkyina |
39 |
| Jorhat Airfield |
42 |
| Nationalist Chinese Soldiers |
53 |
| Chinese Refugees Evacuating Liuchow |
55 |
| General Dorn |
61 |
| Lux Convoy |
69 |
| Col. David D. Barrett |
73 |
| Tank Farm at Myitkyina |
78 |
| Second Quebec Conference |
83 |
| Bivouac Area of the 475th Infantry |
95 |
| Jeep Train on a Narrow-Gauge Line |
99 |
| Maj. Gen. Francis W. Festing and General Sultan |
103 |
| British Casualties |
106 |
| Pack Artillery Troops |
107 |
| Field Conference at Sikaw, Burma |
111 |
| Christmas Day at Tonkwa |
112 |
| General Sultan and General Sun Li-jen |
117 |
| Front-Line Position |
121 |
| Burmese Idol in Namhkam |
128 |
| Two Soldiers |
129 |
| Ponton Bridge Over the Irrawaddy River |
137 |
| Chinese Coolies Leveling a Roadbed |
139 |
| Chinese 22d Division Troops |
149 |
| Chinese-American Staff Conference |
153 |
| B-29's Head for Rangoon |
160 |
| General Wedemeyer Visits Western Command Headquarters |
163 |
| Fourteenth Air Force B-24 |
172 |
| Mule Skinners and Pack Animals |
185 |
| Bamboo Bridge Over the Shweli River |
188 |
| Marsmen Cut Cross-Country |
193 |
| Marsmen on Loi-Kang Ridge |
196 |
| Japanese Truck and Tankette |
197 |
| Mortar Squad, 124th Cavalry |
201 |
| An 81-mm. Mortar Crew |
205 |
| Silver Rupees for Battle Damage |
213 |
| Allied Leaders Plan Operations |
224 |
| Men of the 988th Signal Battalion |
229 |
| Chinese Senior Officers |
234 |
| Chinese Artillerymen |
239 |
| The Honorable Patrick J. Hurley |
250 |
| Chinese Mechanics Reassembling Lend-Lease Jeep |
256 |
| Chinese Hostel at an American Air Base |
257 |
| Col. Emerick Kutschko |
265 |
| Col. Woods King |
272 |
| Eastern Command Headquarters Conference |
277 |
| Chinese New Sixth Army Troops |
280 |
| Chinese Boatmen |
284 |
| Waiting at Chenyi Airfield |
288 |
| P-51's Moving Through the Streets of Karachi |
292 |
| Army Air Force Fuel Dump at Assam |
312 |
| Brig. Gen. Haydon L. Boatner |
315 |
| American Officers, OSS Detachment 101 |
326 |
| Lt. Gen. Raymond A. Wheeler |
328 |
| Meeting at Yalta |
331 |
| Soldiers on a Troop Train |
341 |
| Maj. Gen. Howard C. Davidson |
344 |
| General Tang En-Po |
354 |
| The Generalissimo Honors General Chennault |
358 |
| Kwangsi Command Headquarters |
361 |
| Chinese Army Replacements |
370 |
| New Chinese Soldiers |
371 |
| Demolitions Class on a Bridge |
376 |
| Maj. Gen. Henry S. Aurand |
379 |
| Liuchow Airstrip |
388 |
| Returning to Liuchow |
389 |