. . . to Those Who Served

CONTENTS

	Forward		vii
	Introductory Note		viii
	Preface		ix
Chapter			Page
	Principal Commanders and Staff Officers		1
	THE UNITED KINGDOM BUILD-UP
I.	Origins of the European Theater of Operations, 1941-June 1942		13
	(1)	The United States "Observes" the War in Europe	13
	(2)	The Occupation of Iceland	17
	(3)	American Troops Go to Northern Ireland	19
	(4)	Establishing an Air Force in the United Kingdom	26
	(5)	The Formation of the Services of Supply and Activation of ETOUSA	31
	(6)	The Heritage of SPOBS and USAFBI	44
II.	The SOS and ETOUSA in 1942		52
	(1)	BOLERO Is Born	52
	(2)	BOLERO Planning in the United Kingdom, May-July 1942: the First Key Plans	59
	(3)	The SOS Organizes, June-July 1942	76
	(4)	TORCH Intervenes	87
	(5)	BOLERO's Status at the End of 1942	99
III.	The Build-Up in Stride, 1943		114
	(1)	BOLERO in Limbo, January-April 1943
	(2)	The Troop Build-up Is Resumed, May-December 1943
	(3)	The Flow of Cargo in 1943
	(4)	Troop and Cargo Reception
	(5)	Command and Organizational Changes in 1943
	PREPARING FOR CONTINENTAL INVASION
IV.	The Inception of OVERLORD and Its Logistic Aspects		175
	(1)	Early Planning for Cross-Channel Operations	175
	(2)	Logistic Considerations in the Evolution of the OVERLORD Plan	178
V.	Command and Organization, and the Assignment of Planning Responsibilities, January-June 1944		190
	(1)	Formation of the Major Commands	190
	(2)	Consolidation of ETOUSA and SOS	195
	(3)	Assignment of Command and Planning Responsibilities	203
	(4)	Forward Echelon, Communications Zone (FECOMZ)	207
	(5)	Advance Section, Communications Zone (ADSEC)	211
	(6)	Continental Base Sections	216
	(7)	Final Command Arrangements	219
VI.	The Completion of BOLERO		231
	(1)	The Flow of Troops and Cargo, January-May 1944	231
	(2)	Construction and Local Procurement, 1943-May 1944	240
	(3)	The SOS on the Eve of OVERLORD	258
VII.	The OVERLORD Logistical Plan		269
	(1)	The Artificial Port	269
	(2)	Beach Organization	282
	(3)	Port Reconstruction	285
	(4)	Troop Build-up and Replacements	297
	(5)	The Supply Plan	306
	(6)	The Depot Structure	312
	(7)	Transportation	314
	(8)	The Supply of POL	319
VIII.	Training and Rehearsing for Cross-Channel Invasion		328
	(1)	Earlier Amphibious Experience	328
	(2)	The Training Schools and First Exercises	334
	(3)	The Assault Training Center and Engineer Special Brigades	339
	(4)	Major Exercises	345
	(5)	Final Rehearsals	350
	OVERLORD IS SET IN MOTION, MAY-JULY 1944
IX.	Mounting the Operation		357
	(1)	The Mounting Problem and Plan	357
	(2)	The Mounting Begins	363
X.	Launching the Invasion: Organizing the Beaches		374
	(1)	Tactical Developments in June	374
	(2)	OMAHA Beach on D Day	377
	(3)	UTAH Beach on D Day	384
	(4)	Development of the OMAHA Area	389
	(5)	Development of the UTAH Area	397
	(6)	The Beach Ports	402
	(7)	The Great Storm of 19-22 June	406
	(8)	The Build-up to 30 June	415
	(9)	Cross-Channel Movement	422
XI.	The Logistic Outlook in June and July		427
	(1)	Tactical Development, 1-24 July	427
	(2)	The Normandy Supply Base	430
	(3)	The Status of Supply	439
	(4)	Troop Build-up	449
	(5)	Replacements	458
	(6)	The Ports	463
	THE LOGISTICS OF RAPID MOVEMENT, AUGUST--MID-SEPTEMBER 1944
XII.	Breakout and Pursuit		475
	(1)	Tactical Developments	475
	(2)	The Logistic Implications of Changing Plans	481
XIII.	"Frantic Supply"		489
	(1)	The Character of Supply Operations in the Pursuit	489
	(2)	Gasoline--"the Red Blood of War"	499
	(3)	Classes I, II, and IV Supply	516
	(4)	Ammunition	525
XIV.	Transportation in the Pursuit		544
	(1)	The Railways	544
	(2)	Motor Transport	553
	(3)	Supply by Air	572
	GLOSSARY
	CODE NAMES
	BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE		591
	INDEX		597

	TABLES
1.	Troop Build-up in the United Kingdom, January 1942-February 1943	100
2.	Cargo Flow to the United Kingdom, January 1942-May 1943	103
3.	Troop Build-up in the United Kingdom in 1943	129
4.	Cargo Flow to the United Kingdom in 1943	135
5.	Troop BUild-up in the United Kingdom, August 1943-May 1944	232
6.	Cargo Flow to the United Kingdom, November 1943-July 1944	237
7.	Supply Build-up Over the Beaches, 6-30 June 1944	416
8.	Vehicle Build-up Over the Beaches, 6-30 June 1944	418
9.	Troop Build-up Over the Beaches, 6-30 June 1944	420
10.	Gasoline Supply of First and Third Armies, 30 July-16 September 1944	503
11.	Cargo Transported by Air, 20 August-16 September 1944	581

	CHARTS
1.	Early Command and Staff Organization of ETOUSA	45
2.	The BOLERO Administrative Organization in the United Kingdom	63
3.	Organization of the Services of Supply, ETOUSA, 109 August 1942	79
4.	ETOUSA and SOS Command and Organizational Structure, August 1943	165
5.	ETOUSA's Organization After the Consolidation of 17 January 1944	199
6.	Planned Command Arrangements for OVERLORD	224

	MAPS
1.	European Theater of Operations, 16 June 1942	41
2.	Regional Organization of SOS in the United Kingdom	85
3.	ETO Boundary Changes	112
4.	Ports Considered in Invasion Planning	180
5.	The Final OVERLORD Plan
6.	U.S. General Depots and Major Training Sites, May 1944	249
7.	Plan for MULBERRY A at OMAHA Beach	279
8.	The CHASTITY Plan	295
9.	OVERLORD Rail and Pipeline Plans	316
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
	ILLUSTRATIONS
	The Special Observers Group	15
	Headquarters, ETO	17
	John G. Winant, U.S. Ambassador to Britain	24
	Nissen Hut Quarters	25
	General Lee	34
	Crates of Partially Assembled Jeeps	67
	British "Goods Vans"	68
	English Railway Station Scene	69
	General Hawley	72
	Headquarters, SOS, Near Cheltenham	82
	Headquarters, SOS, Near Cheltenham	82
	General Littlejohn	98
	General Moore	101
	Deck-Loaded General Grant Medium Tanks	102
	Motor Convoy	143
	Motor Convoy	143
	Tenders Alongside the Queen Elizabeth	147
	US-Built Locomotives	151
	Roadside Storage	153
	Roadside Storage	153
	General Depot at Ashchurch	155
	General Depot at Ashchurch	155
	Jeep Assembly Line	157
	General Crawford	166
	General Lord	167
	General Moses	206
	General Plank	212
	Stocking Supplies and Equipment	228
	Stocking Supplies and Equipment	228
	Invasion Equipment	229
	Invasion Equipment	229
	Typical Medical Installations	245
	Typical Medical Installations	245
	Aerial Views of a Station Hospital	247
	U.S. Airfied Construction in England	252
	U.S. Airfied Construction in England	252
	General Stratton	266
	Caissons	274
	Caissons	274
	Lobnitz Pierhead	276
	Aerial View of Cherbourg	291