Index

    A-36's: 120, 120n, 261, 342, 344, 346, 401, 403
    Abbio Priolo: 165, 166
    Abruzzi Mountains: 525, 529
    Acate (Dirillo) River: 97, 99, 100, 101, 117, 118, 135, 135n, 142, 143, 164, 171, 190, 206, 208
    Acate River valley: 155, 187
    ACCOLADE: 436
    ACHSE, Plan: 287-88, 291, 307, 473, 523
    Acqualadrone: 414
    Acquarone, Duke Pietro: 41, 42, 43, 264, 265, 266, 268, 281, 441, 454, 466, 479, 480, 511, 547
    Adrano: 235, 319, 327, 341, 357
    Adriatic ports: 24
    Adriatic Sea: 13, 45, 54
    Aegean Islands: 12, 17, 32, 492, 514, 534
    Aerial bombardment. See Air attacks, Allied; Air attacks, Axis.
    Aerial navigation, Allied: 423-24
    Aerial photographs: 99, 101, 493, 536
    Aerial reconnaissance. See Air reconnaissance, Allied; Air reconnaissance, Axis.
    Aerial resupply missions: 101, 344
    AFHQ. See Allied Force Headquarters.
    Africa. See North Africa.
    Agira: 233, 319
    Agrigento: 86, 125, 192, 194, 200, 202, 209, 224, 226-30, 235, 238, 418, 419
    Air attacks, Allied: 23, 72, 110, 136, 197, 205, 240, 269, 296, 298, 299, 342n, 344, 346, 352, 379, 382, 385, 400, 401, 402, 438, 439, 447, 473, 477, 501
      against Frascati: 522-23
      on friendly forces: 195, 403
      on Messina Strait: 410, 411-12
      and Palermo advance: 320
      on Pantelleria: 70-72
      on Rome: 24-25, 250, 278, 279, 292, 442
      and Sicilian invasion: 54, 58-59, 83, 88, 106-07, 111
      in Troina battle: 339, 342
    Air attacks, Axis: 89, 159, 174, 177, 318n, 362, 403, 518, 533
    Air bases, Allied: 8, 12, 13, 14, 15, 25
    Air forces, Allied: 157, 175-76, 177-78, 278, 320, 382. See also Air plan, Sicilian invasion.
      and air support failure: 421
      and evacuation of Sicily by Axis: 379, 380-81
    Air losses, Allied: 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 218, 423
    Air losses, Axis: 46-47, 189, 189n, 240, 243
    Air operations, Allied: 5, 6, 12, 14, 17, 59, 70, 261, 320, 378, 379, 380-81, 420. See also Air attacks, Allied; Air support, Allied; Airborne operations, Allied; Airdrops, Allied.
    Air patrols, U.S.: 120n
    Air plan, Sicilian invasion: 106-07, 421. See also Air operations, Allied.
    Air power, Allied: 15, 21, 59, 106, 213, 320, 460-61
    Air power, Axis: 32, 106. See also Air losses, Axis.
    Air protection, Allied. See Air support, Allied.
    Air raids. See Air attacks, Allied; Air attacks, Axis.
    Air reconnaissance, Allied: 155, 325, 331
    Air reconnaissance, Axis: 46, 110, 120, 473, 522, 536
    Air support, Allied: 69, 106, 260, 261, 262, 320, 343, 421, 494, 506. See also Air attacks, Allied.
      for D-day landings: 119-20
      in Monte Cipolla action: 399, 401, 405
      for Seventh Army: 107, 421
    Air Support Command, U.S., XII: 107, 320, 401, 402, 421
    Airacobras (P-39's): 261
    Airborne drops. See Airdrops, Allied.
    Airborne operations, Allied. See also Air operations, Allied.
      in Italian mainland invasion: 477-78, 482, 483. See also GIANT II.
      in Sicilian Campaign: 269-270, 553. See also Airdrops, Allied.
        and Allied antiaircraft disaster: 175-84
        British missions: 115, 117, 218, 380
        and corridor to Sicily: 175-76
        D-day: 115, 117-19
        evaluation of: 156-57, 423-25
        FUSTIAN: 218
        tactical planning for: 88-89, 92-94, 101-02, 485-89, 498-99
    Airborne operations, German: 204, 424
    Airborne Training Center, Fifth Army: 424
    Airborne troops, British: 92, 115, 117, 121, 380, 423. See also British Army units, Division, 1st Airborne.
    Airborne units, U.S.: 478, 480, 498-99. See also Parachute Infantry units, U.S.; Paratroopers, U.S.
      Division, 82d: 91, 93, 94, 98, 102, 152n, 230,

--579--

      231, 245, 249, 252, 305, 422, 424, 477, 505, 508, 509. See also Ridgway, Maj. Gen. Matthew B.
        in GIANT II: 489, 498
        importance of, in Sicily: 92
      Battalions
        80th Airborne Antiaircraft: 498, 499
        307th Airborne Engineer Battalion: 498
    Aircraft, Allied: 73, 107, 117n, 147n, 175, 411n, 418. See also Air losses, Allied; individual types of planes.
      attack friendly forces: 195
      attacked by friendly antiaircraft: 175-84, 218, 423
    Aircraft, Axis: 83, 166, 177n, 212, 320, 360, 403, 457, 513, 533. See also Air losses, Axis.
    Aircraft carriers, U.S.: 69, 261
    Airdrops, Allied: 207, 218, 380, 535. See also Airborne operations, Allied; GIANT II.
      and Allied antiaircraft disaster: 176, 177-78, 179, 182
      planning for: 88-89, 93-94
    Airfields: 67, 69, 73, 107
      Italy: 47, 261, 439, 440, 457, 460, 468, 478, 483, 486, 486n, 494, 500, 502, 505, 522
        Centocelle: 486, 488, 498
        Cerveteri: 488, 489, 498
        Foggia: 437, 471
        Furbara: 488, 489
        and GIANT II: 485, 486, 488, 489
        Guidonia: 486, 488, 498
        Littoria: 486, 488, 498
        Magliano: 486
      Sicily: 52, 53, 53n, 54, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 66, 80, 83, 84, 89, 91, 96, 98, 107, 108, 135, 261, 320
        Biscari: 96, 98, 100, 141, 147, 206, 220
        Catania: 204, 216
        Comiso: 96, 98, 100, 141, 142, 156, 189, 189n, 320
        Gerbini: 216
        Licata: 99, 320
        Ponte Olivo: 98, 100, 101, 135, 147, 164, 165, 174n, 185, 187, 320
    AK's: 105, 105n.
    ALARICH, Plan: 50-51, 75, 213, 241, 282, 283, 284, 288, 291
    Albania: 24, 32, 453, 491
    Albermarles, British: 115
    Alcamo: 253, 255
    Alexander, General Sir Harold R. L. G.: 10, 23, 55, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 64, 89, 91, 94, 108, 197, 200, 201, 201n, 206, 207, 209n, 222, 224, 231, 234-35, 235n, 248, 257, 304n, 319, 378, 379, 406, 412, 417, 420, 421, 474, 476, 477, 478, 484, 485, 489, 507, 549
      directives: 209-10, 230, 234-35, 245-46, 303-04
      and Seventh Army: 209-11, 230, 235-36, 245-46, 304, 422-23
      on U.S. troops: 56, 210n, 211, 422
    Alexander, Maj. Mark: 117
    Alexandria: 52
    Alfieri, Ambassador Dino: 242, 243, 286
    Algiers: 56, 102, 108, 421, 437, 463, 509
    Algiers Conference: 23-25, 61-62, 436
    Alimena: 233, 301
    Allen, Maj. Gen. Terry de la Mesa: 95, 99, 108, 136, 139, 158, 159, 165, 173-74, 174n, 185, 222, 223, 231, 249, 302, 311-12, 313, 320, 331, 333, 340, 342, 343, 346, 347, 348, 426
      and Nicosia attack: 314
      and Troina action: 336-37, 338, 339, 341
    Allied Force Headquarters (AFHQ): 5, 8, 11, 22n, 55, 56, 66, 67, 68, 176, 183, 206, 258, 259-60, 262, 263, 274, 275, 278, 427, 429, 431, 436, 437, 440, 444, 449, 459, 480, 489, 494, 495, 496, 498, 502, 502n, 503, 504, 505, 508, 510, 512, 513, 516-17, 519, 520, 521, 532, 535, 540, 541, 546. See also Eisenhower, General Dwight D.; Planners, Allied, AFHQ.
    Alpine passes: 370
    Alps: 3, 12, 16, 30
    Ambrosio, Generale d'Armata Vittorio: 36n, 38, 44, 45, 51, 78, 281, 282, 285, 287, 289, 293, 294, 296, 368, 451, 452, 458, 460, 462, 470, 471, 482, 484, 490, 491, 493, 494n, 497, 503, 506, 506n, 509, 512, 514, 516, 517, 524, 542, 549
      absence from Rome: 494, 495, 496
      and armistice negotiations: 441, 453, 454, 455, 464, 465, 466, 467, 479, 480, 481, 510, 511, 515
      and Axis command structure: 472-73
      as Comando Supremo chief: 35-36
      at Feltre conference: 242, 243, 244
      and German military aid to Italy: 47-49, 74, 74-75
      and German troop movements into Italy: 290, 291, 292, 372, 373
      and Mussolini: 41-42, 212, 214, 215, 240-41, 263, 264
      at Tarvis conference: 370
    Ammunition, Italian: 81, 298, 480, 500
    Ammunition supply, U.S.: 398, 399, 403, 486
    Amphibious operations, Allied: 436, 491, 501
      Italian mainland: 535, 542. See also Salerno landings.
        against Naples, planned: 260, 261-63
        Axis speculation concerning: 493-94, 500
        scheduling of: 490
      Sicilian Campaign: 161n, 237, 380, 411, 412, 421, 553

--580--

        air protection for: 119-20, 261, 262
        Axis anticipation of: 45, 64, 84, 86-87
        at Bivio Salica: 406, 407, 413-14, 415
        D-day: 120, 121, 123-46
        in San Fratello action: 348, 349n, 352, 357, 360, 361-63, 366-67
        improvements and techniques in: 103-05
        tactical planning for: 53-54, 58, 59, 60-63, 66, 88-89, 91-92, 96-100, 103-07, 135-36, 406, 408, 413-14
        Task Force Bernard: 388-97, 404-405
    Amphibious truck. See Dukws.
    Amphibious warfare: 104-05. See also Amphibious operations.
    Anapo River: 91, 92
    Ancon: 108, 177
    Ancona: 470
    Andrea Doria: 533
    Andrus, Brig. Gen. Clift: 313, 331, 336, 339
    Ankcorn, Col. Charles M.: 141, 142, 145, 190, 206, 208, 209, 219-20, 321, 415
    Antiaircraft, Allied: 102, 131, 175-84, 185, 218, 423, 499
    Antiaircraft defense, Axis: 47, 74, 76, 79, 82, 117, 117n, 263, 284, 375-76, 380-81, 412, 485, 486, 488-89
    Anti-Fascists, Italian: 40, 42, 263, 264, 265
    Antitank companies, U.S.: 160, 167, 188
    Antitank defenses, Italian, on Sicily: 79
    Antonescu, Ion: 40, 239
    Anzio: 522, 552
    Apennines: 213, 215, 368, 439, 442, 497, 512
    Appian Way: 500
    AP's: 105, 105n
    Aquila: 536
    ARCADIA Conference: 2
    Arisio, Generale di Corpo d'Armata Mario: 84, 471, 534
    Arezzo: 470
    Armed Forces Command, Sicily: 76
    Armistice, Italo-Allied: 25, 539. See also Surrender of Italy.
      announcement of: 447, 448, 459, 465, 467, 474, 475, 476, 479, 489, 490, 491, 492, 494, 495, 496, 499, 501, 503-04, 505-08, 508-09, 513, 515, 516-17, 519-20, 522, 523, 524
      British-American discussion of: 269, 271-74, 275-78
      Eisenhower's draft: 270-71, 276
      Italian discussion of: 465-68, 479-81
      negotiations: 451-65, 474-79
      orders and directives following: 514-15
      renunciation moves by Italy: 501-02, 506-07, 510-12
      signing. See under Long terms; Short terms.
      terms. See Long terms; Short terms.
    Armistice, Italo-German. See Capitulation; Truce.
    Armistice control commission, Allied, proposed: 544, 545
    Armored force, German: 169. See also Tanks, German.
    Armored support, U.S.: 129, 135, 146, 153, 158, 159, 163, 174n, 418. See also Tank units, U.S.; Tanks, U.S.
    Armored units, U.S.: 155, 226, 226n, 363, 478, 480. See also Combat Commands; Tank units.
      Division, 1st Armored: 96
      Division, 2d Armored: 94, 97-98, 158, 174n, 230, 231, 245, 253, 254, 255, 305, 306n, 418, 422. See also Combat Commands.
        characterized: 95-96
        landing of: 157-58
        and Palermo strike: 252
      Regiment, 67th Armored: 159, 174n
    Army, U.S.
      and Air Forces: 106
      infantryman's performance: 417-18
    Army, Fifth, U.S.: 15, 67, 68, 262, 482, 498, 505, 552
    Army, Seventh, U.S.: 89, 92, 101, 102, 108, 135, 176, 185-201, 205, 206, 230-36, 275, 304, 304n, 308, 309, 320, 380, 390, 401, 406, 408, 414, 417n, 422. See also Patton, General George S., Jr.
      Agrigento as objective of: 224, 226
      and air support: 107, 421
      and Allied antiaircraft attack disaster: 176-82
      Axis counterattack on. See Counterattacks, Axis.
      composition of: 57, 94-96
      and Eighth Army: 89, 91, 206-07, 209-11, 234-36, 388-89, 413-14
      landings of: 123-46, 158-62
      and Palermo advance: 244-54
      performance of: 206, 417-19
      and Messina peninsula drive: 304, 319, 388-89, 417, 420
      tactical plans for: 89, 91, 96-100, 209-10, 235-46, 420
    Army Ground Forces: 424. See also Ground forces, Allied.
    Army Groups, Allied
      15: 56, 89, 119, 195, 210, 319
      18: 56
    Arnold, Lt. Gen. Henry H.: 3
    Arsoli: 524
    Artillery superiority, Allied: 73
    Artillery support, Axis: 127, 128, 131, 133, 137, 139, 159, 188, 196, 198, 199, 228, 230, 255, 300, 301-02, 313, 317, 318, 321, 325, 333, 337, 338, 339, 340, 343, 353, 402, 516

--581--

    Artillery support, U.S.: 129, 135, 146, 153, 158, 159, 160, 163, 167n, 168, 170, 187, 199, 222, 224, 226-27, 230, 232, 302n, 313, 313n, 317, 317n, 321, 322, 330, 337, 339, 346, 348, 352, 353. See also Field artillery units.
      evaluated: 418
      at Monte Cipolla: 389, 393-94, 396, 397, 399, 400
      in Troina battle: 331, 333, 334, 340, 342
    Arzew: 105, 493
    Assault, Allied. See Amphibious operations.
    Assault plans: 125, 135-36. See also Tactical planning, Allied; Tactical planning, Axis.
    Assoro: 248
    Athens: 514
    Atlantic Wall: 76
    Augusta: 54, 58, 61, 89, 91, 92, 111, 123, 163, 191, 240. See also Naval Base Augusta-Syracuse.
    Austrians: 533
    AVALANCHE. See Naples; Salerno; Salerno landings.
    Avola: 92
    Axis. See Feltre conference; Italo-German alliance; Strategic planning, Axis; Tactical planning, Axis.

    B-17's: 376, 379, 411, 412
    B-24's: 376
    B-25's: 412
    B-26's: 412
    Baade, Col. Ernst Guenther: 82, 236, 375-76, 381
    Badoglio, Mario: 299
    Badoglio, Maresciallo d'Italia Pietro: 29, 31n, 268, 271, 273, 276, 281n, 291, 293, 295, 295n, 306, 371, 373, 440, 441, 445, 449, 454, 455, 458, 459, 460, 462, 465-66, 468, 470, 473, 475, 476, 483n, 494, 495, 496, 499, 504, 505, 514, 515n, 519, 520, 522, 524, 525, 528
      and American mission to Rome: 501-02
      and armistice negotiations: 443, 444, 447, 448, 453, 454, 455, 466, 467-68, 483, 484, 506-07, 508, 510, 511, 512-13, 515, 516-17, 543, 546, 548-49
      described by Mason-MacFarlane: 542
      and Eisenhower: 535, 540, 541, 543, 545, 546, 549-51
      and evacuation of Rome: 516, 517, 528
      and Germany: 284-85, 547, 548, 551, 553
      and GIANT II: 502, 503
      government of: 264-65, 266-67, 272, 275, 278, 281, 283, 296-99, 368, 369, 453, 469, 472, 482, 483, 484, 485, 490, 491, 493, 503, 506, 507, 508, 535, 536, 540, 541, 542, 543, 544, 547, 548, 550. See also Armistice, Italo-Allied.
      and Hitler: 283, 286, 287, 292, 294-95, 470, 497
      ineffectualness of: 464, 512-13, 515, 527
      at Malta conference: 549-51
      and Mussolini: 43, 282
      reassurances to Germans: 284-85
    Bagni Acque Albule: 526
    Bailey's Beach: 141, 144
    Balearic Islands: 46
    Balkans: 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 14, 15, 16, 21, 23, 24, 27, 29, 32, 34, 35, 38, 45, 46, 47, 49, 65, 213, 259, 261, 271, 298, 370, 436, 437, 438, 439, 447, 451, 452, 453, 457, 463, 472, 473, 491, 492, 514, 535
    Barbieri, Generale di Corpo d'Armata Alberto: 289, 528
    Barcellona: 408, 413
    Bardonecchia: 442
    BARCLAY, Plan: 65
    Bari: 16
    Barnett: 177
    BARRACUDA: 448
    Barrafranca: 198, 231-32, 233
    Barrage balloons, Allied: 110
    Bastianini, Giuseppe: 39, 41, 239, 242, 243
    Battleships, Allied: 89
    Battleships, Italian. See Italian Fleet.
    Bauer, Mrs. Magna: 170n
    Bay of Naples: 261
    BAYTOWN: 260, 440, 448, 482, 483, 490, 520
    Bazookas: 137, 137n, 167, 171, 172, 188, 396
    Beach parties: 160, 393. See also Shore parties.
    Beaches, landing. See also Beachheads.
      Salerno: 262, 482, 499, 505
      Sicilian: 97, 104-05, 161n, 169, 177, 256. See also BLUE Beach; BLUE Beach 2; GREEN Beach; GREEN Beach 2; RED Beach; RED Beach 2; YELLOW Beach; YELLOW Beach 2.
        closing of: 159, 161
        at Monte Cipolla: 393
        quality of: 99, 141-42, 144-45
    Beachheads, Allied: 123, 163, 202, 211. See also Beaches, landing.
      in Italy, 552
      Monte Cipolla: 393, 397, 398, 400, 402
      Seventh Army (Sicily): 99, 206
        defined: 96-97
        securing: 185-200
        1st Division: 164, 173
    Beatty: 168, 168n, 179
    Belice River: 245, 252
    Bergamini, Ammiraglio Carlo: 533
    Bergamo, Duke of, See Genova, Generale di Corpo d'Armata Adalberto di Savoia.
    Bergengruen, Col. Hellmut: 157
    Bergolo, Generale di Divisione Conte Carlo Calvidi: 519, 525, 526, 527, 530n, 531, 532

--582--

    Berio, Alberto: 298, 368, 369, 374, 441, 443, 444, 552
    Bernard, Lt. Col. Lyle A.: 352, 360, 363, 388n, 399, 402, 403-04. See also Task Force Bernard.
    Bertsch, Lt. Col. William H., Jr.: 499, 508, 509
    Bianco: 344
    Biazzo Ridge: 169, 172, 173, 175, 189, 418
    Billings, Lt. Col. William H.: 131
    Biscari: 100, 142, 143, 149, 154, 168, 169, 189, 208, 217, 419
    Biscayne: 108, 123, 133
    Biviere Pond: 117, 136, 177
    Bivio Gigliotto: 222, 223
    Bivio Salica: 413, 414, 415
    Bizerte: 102, 105, 108, 498, 505, 506, 507, 508, 522, 533
    Black-market operations: 79
    Bloody Ridge: 321, 353, 418. See also Santo Stefano.
    BLUE Beach: 125, 133, 136, 158, 159
    BLUE Beach 2: 145-46, 161
    BLUE Line: 98
    Board, 1st Lt. Oliver P.: 133n
    Boise: 139, 139n, 150n, 177, 185
    Bologna: 288, 451, 533
    Bologna conference: 452-53
    Bolzano: 289, 290, 293, 442, 533
    Bomber groups, German: 214, 243
    Bombers, Allied: 376
      heavy: 376, 379, 381
      light: 320, 376
      medium: 376
    Bombers, British. See Wellington bombers.
    Bombers, U.S.: 107, 250. See also Aircraft, Allied; Air attacks, Allied; B-17's; B-24's; B-25's; B-26's.
    Bompietro: 302, 303
    Bond, Lt. Col. Van H.: 333, 334
    Bonin, Col. Bogislaw von: 374
    Bonomi, Ivanoe: 268, 531
      and anti-Fascist parties: 42
      and Mussolini's overthrow; 42, 43, 264, 265
    Bottai, Giuseppe: 40
    Bowen, Col. John W.: 136, 153, 179, 313, 314, 336, 338, 339, 340, 341, 343
    Bowman, Maj. C. C.: 180
    Bradley, Lt. Gen. Omar N.: 101, 108, 178-79, 189-90, 206, 231, 235, 304, 305, 311, 314, 316, 318, 323, 331, 336, 342, 343, 349, 361, 388, 389, 390, 406, 415, 422
      career of: 94
      and Enna: 246, 248, 249
      and Highway 124: 210, 222, 223
      and logistical problems: 103
      and Messina drive: 319-20, 413-14
      and Patton slapping incidents: 428, 429
    Brady, Lt. Col. Brookner W.: 125
    Brenner Pass: 50, 289, 290, 298, 370, 371, 372, 373, 442, 453, 460, 469, 472, 533
    Brenner railway line: 290
    Brest-Litovsk: 34
    Briatore, Maj. Alberto: 494, 494n
    Bridgeheads: 253, 341, 352
    Bridges: 252, 253, 301, 316, 317, 318-19, 385. See also Ponton causeways.
      Dirillo: 101
      Lentini: 207, 218
      Palma River: 193
      Ponte Grande: 91, 92, 117
      Primosole: 207, 218
      Rosmarino River: 362
      swing, over Tiber: 486
    BRIMSTONE: 4, 6n, 258. See also Sardinia.
      canceled: 260
      debated: 5-6, 7, 8, 10
      plans for: 67, 260
    Brindisi: 481, 505, 532
      Allied-Italian discussions at: 545-49
      Mason-MacFarlane mission to: 540-43
    British Air Force. See Desert Air Force: Royal Air Force.
    British Army units:
      Army, Eighth: 46, 57, 60, 92, 98, 110, 117, 141, 197, 200, 201n, 224, 246, 248, 259, 275, 304, 312n, 319, 380, 387, 417, 417n, 421, 422, 437, 482, 483, 505, 522, 543, 552
        and Catania drive: 218-19
        D-day landings of: 120-23
        and Messina drive: 234-35, 304, 319, 388, 389, 414, 416, 420
        and Seventh Army: 89, 91, 206-07, 209-11, 234-36, 388-89, 413-14
        tactical planning for: 58, 89, 91
      Army, Twelfth: 57
      Corps, 5: 68, 258, 260
      Corps, 10: 57, 68, 258, 260
      Corps, 13: 57, 91, 92, 123, 191, 207, 216, 248, 304, 319, 374, 483
      Corps, 30: 57, 91, 123, 190-91, 207, 219, 220, 224, 235, 244-45, 248, 249, 302, 304, 311, 345
      Division, 1st Airborne: 91, 93, 108, 505
      Division, 1st Infantry: 70, 72
      Division, 5th Infantry: 91, 92, 121, 123, 248
      Division, 46th Infantry: 259, 260
      Division, 50th Infantry: 91, 92, 191, 219, 248, 357, 412
      Division, 51st Highland Infantry: 91-92, 123, 190, 207, 208, 209, 220, 224
      Division, 78th Infantry: 92, 248, 259, 260, 304, 319, 341, 357, 374, 382, 385, 386, 387, 406, 412, 413
      Brigades
        1st Airlanding: 91, 218
        4th Armored: 414

--583--

        23d Armored: 207, 208, 224
        231st Independent: 91, 123
    British Broadcasting Corporation: 389, 490, 496, 503-04, 504n
    British Chiefs of Staff: 2, 19, 436, 449
      at Casablanca: 8-10
      and global war strategy: 6-7
      on Naples attack: 262
      at QUADRANT Conference: 438-40
      at TRIDENT Conference: 20-23
    British Defense Committee: 274
    British Foreign Office: 273, 276
    British Government: 296-99, 445-46, 462. See also Churchill, Winston S.
    British Joint Planners: 4. See also Planners, British.
    British Joint Staff Mission: 277
    British Middle East Command: 436
    British Navy. See Naval Task Force, Eastern; In-shore Squadron.
    British War Cabinet: 12, 276, 277, 279, 544
    Brolo: 396, 400, 401, 403, 418, 419, 426. See also Monte Cipolla; Naso ridge.
      Allied assault on: 401
      German defense of: 393, 396-97, 398
      landings. See Monte Cipolla, amphibious end run at.
    Brolo River: 394, 396, 398, 400, 402, 403, 408
    Bronte: 374
    Brooke, Field Marshal Sir Alan: 8, 10, 21, 22, 23, 436, 439
    Brooklyn: 131, 131n
    Browning, Maj. Gen. F. A. M.: 88, 175, 176
    Buck: 131, 131n
    Bulgaria: 40, 44
    Burma: 258
    Butcher, Comdr. Harry C.: 11n
    Butera: 169, 170, 220
    BUTTRESS: 16, 67, 68, 258, 260, 262, 448

    C-47's: 101-02, 115, 178, 183n, 488
    Cabo de Bueno Esperanza: 445
    Cadorna, General: 529
    Caio Duilo: 533
    Cairo, Egypt: 61
    Calabria: 53, 67, 68, 76, 110, 203, 214, 215, 244, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 282, 368, 375, 378, 413, 414, 416, 452, 469, 471, 473, 522. See also BAYTOWN.
    Calboli, Marchese Giacomo Paulucci di: 239
    Caltagirone: 86, 98, 136, 148, 172, 173, 202, 203, 206, 207, 219, 222, 223, 224
    Caltanissetta: 111, 192, 197, 200, 226, 231, 233, 246
    Calvert: 142, 143
    Campbell, Sir Ronald Hugh: 297, 298, 442, 444, 445, 446, 449, 455, 458n, 459, 461, 462
    Campo Imperatore: 536
    Campobello: 79, 98, 99, 125, 155, 191, 192, 195, 196, 196n, 197
    Campofelice: 246, 300, 318
    Canadian units: 91, 92, 100, 163, 189, 248, 301, 319, 331, 342n
      Division, 1st: 91, 123, 156, 190, 206, 207, 224, 231, 233, 234, 248, 300, 319
      in Troina action: 341, 343
    Canaris, Admiral Wilhelm: 287
    Canicattì: 192, 194, 195, 196, 197, 199, 202, 206, 226
    Cannon, Maj. Gen. John K.: 474, 485
    Cannon companies, U.S.
      15th Infantry: 195
      16th Infantry: 160, 170-71, 188
      26th Infantry: 166
      179th Infantry: 208
    Cape Bon: 66, 107
    Cape Calavà: 309, 408
    Cape d'Ali: 414
    Cape Orlando: 345, 352, 401, 402, 403
    Cape Passero: 117, 218
    Capitulation, Italian: 530-32, 533-34, 539. See also Armistice; Surrender.
    Capizzi: 315, 330
    Caprara. See Palazzo Caprara.
    Carabinieri. See Italian Army units, Carabinieri.
    Carboni, General di Corpo d'Armata Giacomo: 36, 41, 266-67, 289, 466, 489, 496, 500n, 503, 504, 515, 516, 520, 526
      and American mission to Rome: 500, 501, 502
      and armistice negotiations: 454, 455, 467, 479, 480, 494, 494n, 511, 512
      and capitulation to Germans: 527, 530, 531-32
      and Castellano: 454, 467n, 479
      and Caviglia: 529
      and evacuation of Rome: 517, 518, 519, 524, 525, 527, 528
      and GIANT II: 494, 495
    Cargo vessels, Allied: 262
    Caronie Mountains: 53, 97, 309, 348, 352
    Carriers, British: 262, 269
    Carroll: 145
    Carsoli: 518, 524
    Casa Biazzo: 169
    Casa del Priolo: 150, 165, 168, 185-89
    Casa San Silvestro: 196, 197
    Casablanca Conference: 19, 52, 53, 94, 417, 420
      strategic planning at: 1-3, 7-11
      and unconditional surrender formula: 11-12
    Casati, Alessandro: 265, 531
    Casazza crossroads: 414-15
    Cassibile: 121, 319, 482, 483, 484, 498, 505
    Cassibile conference: 474-79, 479-80, 492
    Cassino: 552
    Castel Judica: 223-24
    Castel San Angelo: 131

--584--

    Castelbuono: 316
    Castellammare del Golfo: 255
    Castellano, Generale di Brigata Giuseppe: 36, 264, 266, 296, 297, 297n, 368, 373, 446n, 451, 455n, 465, 483n, 493, 494, 496, 497, 500n, 501, 503, 504, 511, 516, 519, 520, 552
      and armistice: 465-68, 474, 475, 476, 477, 478, 479, 480, 482, 483, 484, 485, 505-06, 506-07, 540-41
      and Carboni: 454, 467n, 479
      and Italian mainland invasion: 489, 490
      and military collaboration with Allies: 459-60, 485-86, 488, 489, 490-91, 495
      peace mission of: 440n, 440-42, 444-46, 447, 454, 455-61, 462, 463
      and Zanussi: 455, 462, 463, 474, 478-79
    coup d'etat plot of: 41, 42
    Castelluccio, Il: 185
    Castelvetrano: 235, 252, 253
    Castle Hill: 185
    Casualties, Allied
      British: 417, 552
      U.S.: 135, 137, 144, 146, 159, 172, 181-82, 182n, 188-89, 193-94, 208, 255, 314, 321, 323, 342, 343-44, 357, 358, 398, 403, 404, 406, 415, 417, 419, 552
    Casualties, Axis
      German: 71, 200, 223, 255, 341, 347, 385, 398, 417
      Italian: 127, 128, 152, 170, 197, 200, 216, 223, 228, 341, 385, 398, 417
    Catania: 54, 58, 61, 63, 64, 86, 89, 91, 92, 111, 191, 202, 209, 210, 211, 214, 215, 218, 223, 233, 235, 248, 260, 307, 308, 319, 357, 380, 420, 422, 437
    Catania plain; 53, 164, 191, 207, 216, 304
    Cattaro: 491
    Causeways. See Ponton causeways.
    Cavallero, Generale d'Armata Ugo: 29, 30n, 33, 34, 35, 36, 472
    Caviglia, Maresciallo d'Italia Enrico: 264, 530, 531, 532
      and capitulation to Germans: 531
      and Carboni: 529
      as head of government: 527-29, 531
    Cefalù: 246, 302, 305
    Centuripe: 341
    Cephalonia: 542
    Cerami: 320, 325, 327, 328, 329, 331
    Cerami River: 328
    Cesarò; 327, 343, 345, 346, 357, 374, 382
    Chemical battalions, motorized, U.S.: 96
    CHESTNUT missions: 380, 380n
    Chetniks: 37
    Chiaramonte Gulfi: 190
    Chiefs of Staff. See British Chiefs of Staff; Combined Chiefs of Staff; Joint Chiefs of Staff, U.S.
    Chierici, Renzo: 42
    China-Burma-India Theater: 261
    Chirieleison, Generale di Divisione Domenico: 164, 169
    Christian Democrats: 42
    Churchill, Winston S.: 1, 6, 10, 11, 12, 16n, 258, 269, 275, 279, 287, 440, 440n, 535, 540, 547, 552
      at Algiers Conference: 23-24
      on Badoglio government: 544-45
      and Italian armistice: 271-73, 276, 277, 442-43, 444, 446-47, 544, 545, 546
      strategic views of: 4, 23-24, 67, 436, 437
      at TRIDENT Conference: 19-21
    Ciano, Count Galeazzo: 34, 35, 36, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 264, 267, 268, 283, 297
    Ciano Papers: 34n
    Civil Affairs Division: 26, 26n
    Civil war, Italian, possibilities of: 25, 544
    Civilian ministers, Italian: 517, 528
    Civilians. See also Morale.
      German: 514
      Italian: 505, 528, 536
        and armistice: 271, 272, 513
        Eisenhower's peace broadcast to: 275
        and Rome battle: 528-30
      Sicilian: 77, 193, 194, 208, 254, 255, 331, 333, 347
    Civitavecchia: 468, 522
    Clark, Lt. Gen. Mark W.: 8, 15, 55, 67, 260, 269
    Cochrane, Lt. Col. Clarence B.: 143, 168, 317
    Codes, Allied: 504n. See also Radio communication, Italo-Allied, secret.
      British diplomatic: 296
      for GIANT II: 499-500, 502
    Colle del Contrasto: 315
    Comando Supremo: 31, 32, 33, 39, 45, 46, 47, 49, 50, 51, 71, 73-74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 82, 110, 163, 212, 214, 216, 242, 242n, 266, 281, 282, 286, 289, 290, 346, 368, 369, 371, 372, 373, 375, 378, 471, 472, 479, 483, 491, 492, 493, 495, 514, 515, 525, 528. See also Ambrosio; Generale d'Armata Vittorio; Italian High Command.
      under Ambrosio: 35-36
      growth and importance of: 29-30
      liaison with Germans: 78
      and Mussolini's overthrow: 263
      and Promemoria I: 491
      and Sicily's defeat: 240, 241
      and troop movements: 288
    Combat commands, U.S.
      A, 2d Armored Division: 98, 99, 108, 125, 192, 194, 196, 199, 200, 253, 254
        attacked by friendly planes: 195
        and Canicattì capture: 199
        composition of: 194n
        Naro captured by: 194
      B, 2d Armored Division: 158, 171, 254

--585--

    Combat loaders, U.S.: 258
    Combined Chiefs of Staff: 1, 10-11, 12, 15, 19, 21, 25, 27, 53, 58, 63, 66, 67, 88, 258, 259, 260, 261-62, 271, 272, 273, 277, 278, 280, 417, 420, 436, 437, 449, 462, 505, 506, 520, 543
      and Italian armistice: 26, 507-08
      and Naples assault planning: 269-70
      organization and membership of: 2, 2n
      at QUADRANT Conference: 439, 440
      and Quebec Memorandum: 447-48
      and resources for Eisenhower: 258-59
      and Sicilian Campaign preparations: 52, 54-56
      at TRIDENT Conference: 19-23
    Combined Civil Affairs Committee: 26, 26n, 273, 274, 277, 448
    Comiso: 100, 141, 142, 164, 217, 418
    Command, Allied: 82, 502
      air: 107, 320
      for Sicilian Campaign: 10-11, 54-55, 56, 420-21
    Command, Axis: 307n, 453, 469
      air: 32-33, 241
      chain of: 27-28, 483-84
      German-Italian relationship in: 32-34, 48-49, 50, 78-79, 307, 308-09, 369, 371, 471
      in Sicily: 82, 211-12, 378
      structure, OKW proposal: 472-73
      unification plan: 241-42
    Command, German: 27, 33-34, 236, 283, 298, 523. See also Command, Axis; Commander in Chief South; Oberkommando des Heeres; Oberkommando der Kriegsmarine; Oberkommando der Luftwaffe; Oberkommando der Wehrmacht.
    Command, Italian: 29-30, 76, 78, 214, 530. See also Comando Supremo; Command, Axis; Italian High Command.
    Command, U.S. Air Force. See Air Support Command, XII.
    Commandant Messina Strait: 82
    Commander in Chief South: 33, 33n. See also Kesselring, Feldmarschall Albert.
    Commander in Chief West. See Rundstedt, Generalfeldmarschall Gerd von.
    Commandos: 91, 207, 218, 260, 380, 416, 417. See also Ranger Battalions, U.S.
    Committee of National Liberation: 530, 531
    Communications, Allied, 175-84. See also Codes; Radio communication, Italo-Allied.
    Communications, German: 154, 163, 341, 447, 460. See also Telephone communications, German.
    Communications, Italian. See Radio communication, Italo-Allied; Signal communications, Italian; Telephone communications, Italian.
    Communications, U.S.: 206, 340. See also Radio communication, U.S.
    Communist party, Italian: 42
    "Comprehensive Instrument." See Long terms.
    Coningham, Air Vice Marshal Sir Arthur: 379, 380, 381
    Conolly, Rear Adm. Richard L.: 100, 105, 108, 123, 125, 131, 133
    Conrath, General der Fallschirm-truppen Paul: 81, 148n, 165-66, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173n, 187, 204, 216, 387, 412
      and Axis counterattack in Sicily: 148-49, 153-54, 164, 172, 173
      Kesselring's criticism of: 157
      withdrawals of: 190, 205, 223-24
    Convoys, Allied: 88, 106, 108, 110, 476, 482, 493, 498, 503, 509, 533
    Convoys, U.S.: 258
    Cookson, Col. Forrest E.: 141, 143
    Corleone: 235
    Corley, Lt. Col. John T.: 165
    Corps. U.S.
      Provisional: 230, 245, 249, 250, 255, 300, 305
      I Armored: 56, 57, 94
      II: 56, 57, 60, 99, 100, 103, 103n, 135, 144, 206, 210, 222, 230, 244, 245, 246, 249, 300, 304, 305, 309, 311, 319, 325, 348, 349, 380, 421, 429
        boundaries of: 244, 245
        front: 220, 222
        tactical plans for: 97, 98, 99
      VI: 57
    Corregidor: 70
    Corsica: 8, 12, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 22n, 23, 24, 65, 67, 203, 258, 284, 438, 459, 460, 463, 471, 473, 481, 493, 535, 541, 543, 551. See also FIREBRAND.
    Cosenza: 372
    Counterattacks, Axis: 147-50, 153-54, 163-73, 196, 197-98, 202, 204, 211, 212, 220, 222, 307, 308, 314, 317, 324, 339, 340-41, 342, 344, 363, 366
    Counterespionage service, Italian: 368
    Courten, De, Ammiraglio di Squadra Raffaele: 511, 517, 533, 549
    Cover plans. See BARCLAY, Plan; MINCEMEAT.
    Craig, 1st Lt. Robert: 196n
    Crandall, Maj. Robert W.: 348
    Crawford, Lt. Col. Joseph: 152, 165, 187
    Crawley, Lt. Col. Marshall L., Jr.: 194
    Crete: 9, 12, 424, 491
    Croatia: 32, 37, 445
    Cross-Channel invasion (OVERLORD): 1, 4, 5, 8, 10, 14, 17, 18, 20, 21, 46, 88, 258, 262, 437, 438, 439, 512
      American position on: 3, 435-36, 437, 438, 439
      British position on: 437, 439
      date set: 22
      and Mediterranean operations, debated: 3, 6, 7, 11, 20-22, 435-36, 439-40
      scale of: 15
      strength for: 8-9

--586--

      TRIDENT Conference, discussion of: 20, 21
    Crotone: 16, 67
    Crown council: 297
    Cruisers, Allied: 72, 100, 147n, 320, 419n, 505
    Cruisers, Italian. See Italian Fleet.
    Cummings, 1st Lt. Julian W.: 133n
    Cunningham, Admiral Sir Andrew B.: 10-11, 23, 55, 61, 62, 63, 91, 107n, 182-83, 183n, 320, 378, 379, 420, 421, 507, 546, 549
    Currier, Col. D. C.: 427, 428, 429
    Cyprus: 6

    D-day, Sicilian invasion: 57. See also Amphibious operations, Sicilian Campaign, scheduling invasion.
    D'Ajeta, Marchese Blasco Lanza: 297, 297n, 299n, 368, 370, 374, 441, 442, 444, 461, 552
    Dalmatia: 32, 445, 551
    Dammer, Maj. Herman W.: 228
    Daniel, Lt. Col. Darrell M.: 301, 313
    Danube area: 239, 436
    Darby, Lt. Col. William O.: 96, 136, 152, 169, 185, 185n, 190, 252, 253, 255
    Davidson, Rear Adm. Lyal A.: 320, 349, 352, 399, 401, 402, 403
    Deann, Captain: 474
    Decarli, Col. Paolo: 494
    Defeatism, Italian: 39, 44, 73, 283
    Defenses, Axis. See also Fortifications, Axis; Sicily, Axis defenses on.
      on Pantelleria: 69-70
      on Sicily: 54, 75-76, 77, 79-80, 83-87, 126-27, 163, 217
    Defilades: 195, 196, 328
    Delia: 192, 197, 199, 200
    Demolition, Axis: 110, 289, 348, 382, 387, 406, 410, 418, 497
    Demolition, U.S.: 129
    Dempsey, Lt. Gen. Miles C.: 61
    Denholm, Lt. Col. Charles L.: 152, 188
    Denno, Capt. Bryce F.: 187-88
    DeRohan, Col. Frederick J.: 343
    Desert Air Force, British: 107-08, 412, 421
    Destroyers, Allied: 505
    Destroyers, Italian: 533
    Destroyers, U.S.: 72, 100, 129, 131, 168n, 177, 258, 318, 320, 393, 419n
    Diary of the Office of the Commander in Chief: 11n
    Dick, Commodore Royer: 474, 485, 486, 506n
    Dieppe raid: 95
    Dill, Field Marshal Sir John: 2n, 5, 59, 88, 89
    Directives, Allied
      Alexander's: 209-10, 230, 234-35, 245-46, 303-04
      Roosevelt's, on Italy: 545, 548
    Directives, Italian. See Memoria 44; Orders, Italian; Promemoria I; Promemoria 2.
    Dirillo River. See Acate River.
    Dittaino River: 223, 341
    Divisions, Allied: 8-9, 54, 57. See also Airborne units, U.S.: Armored units, U.S.; British Army units; Infantry Divisions, U.S.
    Divisions, Axis: 53, 54. See also German Army units; Italian Army units.
    Dodecanese islands: 9, 15-16, 18, 64, 436, 542
    Doenitz, Grossadmiral Karl: 27
    Doleman, Lt. Col. Edgar C.: 359, 360, 361
    Don River: 35
    Donnafugata: 156
    Doolittle, Maj. Gen. James: 99, 379
    Drop zones (Sicily): 88, 93, 101, 117-19, 157, 177, 179, 182, 218
    Dukws: 89, 104, 160, 170, 363, 393, 396, 398, 403, 408
    Durazao: 491
    Duvall, Maj. Everett W.: 127, 229

    E-boats, Axis: 70
    Eagles, Brig. Gen. William W.: 254, 360, 361, 416, 417
    East, Sgt. Jesse E., Jr.: 144n
    Eastern Front, Axis: 213
    Ecole Normale: 56
    Eddy, Maj. Gen. Manton S.: 96, 305-06, 333, 336, 347, 385
    Eden, Anthony: 19, 269, 276, 437, 443, 446, 447, 448, 449
    Eisenhower, General Dwight D.: 5, 11n, 15, 17, 22, 25, 52, 54, 55, 56, 60, 62, 66, 67, 68, 88, 94, 96, 108, 176, 182, 206, 206n, 236, 261, 262, 269, 304n, 421, 423, 427, 436, 437, 442, 444, 446, 455, 456, 457, 458, 459, 476, 477, 478, 489, 494, 499, 501, 502, 503, 506n, 509, 515, 516, 547, 548. See also Allied Force Headquarters.
      on airborne divisions: 425
      at Algiers Conference: 23. 24
      broadcasts to Italians: 270, 275, 278, 508, 512
      and command structure: 10-11, 420
      and Italian armistice: 270-71, 272, 273, 274, 275-77, 447, 448, 449, 450, 462, 463, 464-65, 475, 484, 504, 505, 506, 507, 508, 510-11, 520, 535, 541-42, 543-44, 545, 546, 549-50
      on Italy's weaknesses: 540-41
      at Malta conference: 549-50, 551
      and Mason-MacFarlane mission: 540, 541
      and Pantelleria question: 69-70
      and Patton slapping incidents: 429, 430, 431
      and strategic planning: 3, 14, 258, 259, 260
    El 'Alamein: 1, 35
    Elba: 471
    Elections, Italian: 544, 546, 549

--587--

    Elena, Queen of Italy: 517
    Enfilade: 317, 328, 353
    Enfilading fire: 340, 359, 360
    Engineer support, U.S.: 128, 131, 136, 154, 165, 168, 169, 253, 255, 301
      excellence of: 418-19
      in Gela fighting: 152
    Engineer units, U.S.: 352, 393, 394, 396, 413. See also Shore parties.
      Brigade, 1st Special: 103, 256
      Regiments
        20th Combat: 256
        39th: 137
        540th Shore: 256
      Battalions
        10th: 408
        307th Airborne: 175
    Engineers, German: 362-63, 406
    England. See Great Britain.
    English Channel: 6. See also Cross-Channel invasion.
    Enna: 63, 97, 110, 120, 164, 172, 191, 197, 200, 205, 207, 211, 224, 244, 248, 249, 300, 301, 302, 422
    Enna loop: 231, 233, 234, 235, 244, 246, 248
    Ens, Col. Karl: 198, 336, 337, 339
    Equipment, Allied: 73, 131, 159, 174, 486, 553
    Equipment, Axis: 73, 81, 377, 410, 474. See also Matériel, Axis.
    Escort carriers, Allied: 16, 262, 269
    Escort craft, U.S.: 320
    Etna line: 315, 319, 324, 327, 342, 352
    Etter, Maj. Charles B.: 428
    Evacuation of Rome, Italian: 516-19, 527-28
    Evacuation of Sicily, Axis: 324, 380, 382, 385, 416n, 452
      Allied failure to stop: 378-79, 409-12, 414, 421. See also Monte Cipollo.
      and Italians: 410, 416
      operations for: 375-78, 409-10, 414-15
      plans and debate: 306-07, 368, 369, 374-75
      schedule for: 410, 412, 413, 413n, 416, 469

    Faldella, General Emilio: 77-78, 78n, 170n
    Farello: 98
    Farinacci, Roberto: 40, 464
    Fascist Grand Council: 44, 267-68, 283, 286, 460
    Fascist Militia: 76, 445
    Fascist Party, Italian: 268, 281, 283, 285. See also Fascist Grand Council.
    Fascist Republican Party: 543, 544, 548
    Fascists, Italian: 28, 30, 39, 50, 445
      Badoglio government threatened by: 472
      and Mussolini's overthrow: 42, 263-64
      and surrender movement: 40
    Favara: 226, 227
    Favarotta: 191, 195
    Federzoni, Luigi: 40, 268
    Feistritz pass: 472
    Feltre conference: 242-44, 263, 282
    Ferry barges, German: 376, 377
    Ferrying service, German: 82, 82n, 237
      and evacuation of Sicily: 306, 375, 376-77, 378, 409-10, 411
      ferry barges: 376, 377
    Ferrying service, Italian: 53-54, 237, 378, 410
    Feurstein, General der Gebirgstruppen Valentin: 284, 290, 372, 373
    Ficarra: 396, 398
    Ficuzza River: 208
    Field artillery units, U.S.: 393-94, 399. See also Artillery support, U.S.
      Group, 5th Armored: 129n
      Regiment, 77th: 227
      Battalions: 418
        5th: 160, 166, 188, 188n
        7th: 150, 150n, 160, 167, 167n, 187, 188, 188n, 313n, 333n
        9th: 195, 195n, 416
        10th: 129, 227
        14th Armored: 199, 199n
        26th: 255
        32d: 170, 188, 188n
        33d: 160, 166, 185, 313n
        34th: 255, 305
        37th Parachute: 179, 180
        39th: 195, 195n, 196
        58th Armored: 352, 402, 403-04
        62d Armored: 194n, 199, 199n
        78th Armored: 174n
        158th: 181n, 220
        160th: 208
        171st: 154, 160, 160n, 165, 168, 181n, 317n
        189th: 173, 317n
        319th Glider: 499
        376th Parachute: 175, 255
    Fighter plane factories, German: 439
    Fighter planes, Allied: 102, 107, 110, 119, 261, 320, 376, 479, 482, 486
    Fighter planes, Axis: 151n, 240
    Fighter-bombers, Allied: 107, 320, 344, 376. See also A-36's; P-38's; P-39's; P-40's; P-51's.
    Fighter Wings, U.S.
      31st: 320
      33d: 320
      64th: 320
    Finland: 27
    Fire control parties: 401, 403
    FIREBRAND: 258
    Fiume: 473
    Fiumicino: 486
    Flak. See Antiaircraft defense, Axis.
    Flint, Col. H. A.: 330, 331, 333, 336, 337, 339, 340, 341, 344

--588--

    Floating reserve, U.S.: 99, 100, 125, 136, 155, 158, 159, 174
    Florence: 439
    Floresta: 386
    Flotillas, Allied: 522
    Flying fortresses, U.S.: 72, 278
    Force 141: 56-57, 58-59, 68
    Force 343: 57, 58, 60-61. See also Corps, U.S., I Armored.
    Force 545 (British task force): 57, 58, 60-61
    Force X, U.S.: 136-39
    Formia: 479
    Fortifications, Axis: 54, 75-76, 79, 126-27, 131, 253. See also Defenses, Axis.
    France: 27, 45, 46, 47, 48, 51, 492, 545. See also Cross-Channel invasion; Southern France; Vichy France.
    Francofonte: 205, 215
    Frascati: 442, 515, 522
    Fredendall, Maj. Gen. Lloyd: 94
    Free French: 14. See also Goums (4th Moroccan Tabor).
    Freeman, Lt. Col. L. G.: 181
    French forces: 543. See also Free French.
    French Morocco: 15, 55
    French Northwest Africa: 1, 3-4. See also North Africa.
    Fries, Generalmajor Walter: 157, 352, 414
      at Monte Cipolla: 396-97, 398, 404, 405
      in San Fratello ridge action: 357-58
      and Tusa ridge counterattack: 321-23
    Fuehrer Conferences: 45n
    Fullriede, Col. Fritz: 197, 199, 200, 313, 315
    Funicular station: 536, 537
    Funston: 143
    Furiano River: 352, 353, 358, 359, 360, 382
    Furnari: 409, 413
    FUSTIAN: 218, 219n

    Gaeta: 479, 500
    Gaffey, Maj. Gen. Hugh J.; 96, 158, 252, 254
    Gaffi Tower: 127, 129
    Gagliano: 315, 328, 329, 331, 338, 339, 341, 342, 343, 344
    Galli, Carlo: 528
    Gambarra, Generale di Corpo d'Armata Gastone: 525
    Gangi: 233, 301, 303, 312
    GANGWAY: 260
    Garda: 469
    Gardiner, Col. William T.: 499, 500, 501, 502, 504, 510, 519
    Garigliano River: 552
    Gas, German threat to use: 458
    Gasoline: 253, 480, 486, 500, 502
    Gavin, Col. James M.: 94, 101, 118, 136, 173, 175, 255
      and Axis counterattack: 168-69, 172
      and D-day paratrooper landings: 119
    Gay, Brig. Gen. Hobart R.: 235, 246, 246n
    Gela: 58, 59, 64, 86, 89, 91, 97, 98, 99, 100, 107, 117, 119, 120, 125, 135, 137, 155, 159, 163, 166, 169, 170, 171, 172, 177, 185, 192, 204, 205, 226, 256n, 418, 419, 422
      Allied assault on: 136-39
      Axis counterattack at: 148-53, 164, 165, 166, 170
    Gela-Farello landing ground: 135, 139, 158, 176, 177, 179, 182
    Gela River: 97, 99, 135, 136
    Genoa: 14, 442, 445, 459, 473, 522
    Genova, Generale di Corpo d'Armata Adalberto di Savoia: 534
    George VI, King: 547
    Gerbini: 63
    Gerlach, Captain: 537, 538
    German Air Force (Luftwaffe): 37, 69, 74n, 78n, 110, 163, 213, 333, 360, 537, 538, 361-62, 389, 458, 474. See also Oberkommando der Luftwaffe.
      Second: 33, 78n, 83, 204, 214
      Second Air Fleet: 375, 376
      X Flieger Korps: 32
      XI Flieger Korps: 284
      Support Aviation Wing 4: 533n
    German alliance. See Italo-German alliance.
    German Army: 50, 78, 81, 82, 83, 84, 87, 163, 173, 190, 197, 198, 199-200, 241, 243, 245, 259, 261, 285, 288, 290, 307, 341, 369, 445, 473, 477, 478, 482, 486, 491-92, 509, 522, 523, 530, 552. See also German Army units; Reinforcements, Axis; Reserves, German.
      in Casa del Priolo action: 187-89
      command. See Command, Axis; Command, German; Oberkommando der Wehrmacht.
      evacuation. See Evacuation of Sicily, Axis.
      foot soldier: 553
      glider-borne troops: 537
      ground forces: 47, 48, 369
      and Hitler: 28, 29
      and Italian Army: 30, 32, 36, 47-48, 410, 497, 513-14, 525, 534, 535-36. See also Command, Axis.
      Italian equipment and personnel taken over by: 410
      and Italian railway transportation: 288
      in Italy: 213, 282, 287-88, 289, 290-94, 293n, 368, 369, 371-72, 451, 452, 469, 477, 492. See also Occupation of Italy, German; Troop movements, German.
      in Sicily: 64, 74, 75, 203, 204, 212-14, 215-16, 217, 237, 242, 243, 244, 263, 308. See also Evacuation of Sicily, Axis.
      and Rome battle: 524-25, 528, 531-32

--589--

      and truce with Italy: 525-26
    German Army units
      OB SUED: 33n, 78, 82, 371, 442, 470, 473, 513, 522, 523
      OB WEST: 51, 290, 533
      Army Group B: 241, 275, 282, 284, 290, 293, 371-72, 373, 442, 452, 469, 470, 472, 473, 497, 522
      Army, Tenth: 470, 471, 522, 523, 524, 532
      Corps
        Deutsches Afrika Korps: 32
        II SS Panzer: 284, 451
        XIV Panzer: 51, 75, 82, 203, 204, 213-14, 237, 240, 308, 341, 368, 374, 376, 452, 469, 470
        XVII: 515
        LXXVI Panzer: 75, 203, 374, 413, 452, 470
      Division, Hermann Goering: 48, 51, 74, 74n, 79, 121, 136, 142, 147, 155n, 157n, 163, 166, 169, 198, 205, 208, 210, 215, 217, 219, 220, 237, 244, 301, 319, 324, 345, 374-75, 378, 382, 387, 405, 414, 416
        and Allied advance to YELLOW Line: 190, 191
        in counterattack: 154, 164-65, 170, 171-72n, 172, 185, 187, 188
        in evacuation of Sicily: 412
        Kesselring's criticism of: 157
        organization of: 64, 148-49, 164
        stationing of: 64, 75, 81, 86, 87
        withdrawal of: 202-03, 223
      Division, 1st Parachute: 111, 203, 204, 212-13, 214, 216, 218, 286, 306, 376, 413, 452, 471
      Division, 1st SS Panzer Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler: 294, 442
      Division, 2d SS Panzer "Das Reich": 294
      Division, 2d Parachute: 283, 284, 286, 293, 293n, 442, 451, 452, 470, 485, 492, 515, 523, 525, 537
      Division, 3d Panzer Grenadier: 75, 214, 215, 283, 284, 442, 451, 452, 470, 481, 485, 500, 510, 511-15, 523, 524, 525
      Division, 15th Panzer Grenadier (Sizilien): 51, 64, 81, 84, 86, 87, 125, 147, 147n, 150, 155, 165, 192, 195, 202, 203, 204, 204n, 223, 224, 233, 237, 244, 301, 307, 308, 315, 319, 324, 331, 341, 345, 346, 352, 357, 376, 378, 382, 385, 391, 393, 398, 399, 409, 410, 413, 515
      Division, 16th Panzer: 51, 74-75, 203, 281, 368, 452
      Division, 24th Panzer: 442, 472
      Division, 26th Panzer: 75, 203, 284, 293n, 289, 290, 293, 442, 451
      Division, 29th Panzer Grenadier: 75, 203, 204, 213, 214-15, 216, 237, 241, 263, 282, 300, 307, 308, 315, 319, 321, 323, 324, 345, 346, 366, 376, 378, 380, 382, 386, 409, 413
        in evacuation of Sicily: 405
        at Monte Cipolla: 391, 404, 405
        pursuit of: 406, 408
        at Tortorici line: 382
      Division, 44th Infantry: 283, 288, 290, 291, 292, 293, 372-73, 442, 481, 533
      Division, 60th Panzer Grenadier: 290, 294
      Division, 65th Infantry: 294, 442
      Division, 71st Infantry: 442, 469, 472, 481
      Division, 76th Infantry: 263, 282, 294, 442
      Division, 90th Panzer Grenadier: 51, 471
      Division, 94th Infantry: 294, 442
      Division, 305th Infantry: 263, 282, 283, 288, 290, 291, 293, 294, 442
      Division, 715th Infantry: 294
      Kampfgruppen: 148n
        Ens: 84, 86, 147n, 192, 198, 200, 202, 217, 231, 233, 301, 319, 324, 336, 337, 339, 342, 345
        Fullriede: 84, 86, 87, 147n, 192, 198, 199, 217, 233, 301, 313, 315, 319, 324, 336, 340, 342, 343
        Koerner: 84, 86
        Neapel: 84, 84n, 86, 87, 192
        Schmalz: 86, 120, 123, 147, 148, 163, 171n, 191, 203, 204, 205, 215, 216, 219, 223, 422
        Ulich: 300, 316, 317, 318, 320, 322
      Brigade Doehla: 442
      Regiments
        3d, 1st Parachute Division: 204
        15th Panzer Grenadier: 398, 399
        29th Artillery: 393
        71st Panzer Grenadier: 322, 382, 388, 399, 404
        104th Panzer Grenadier. See German Army units, Kampfgruppen, Ens.
        129th Panzer Grenadier. See German Army units, Kampfgruppen, Fullriede.
      Battalions
        1st, 71st Panzier Grenadier Regiment: 393, 397
        2d, 15th Panzer Grenadier Regiment: 231
        2d, 71st Panzer Grenadier Regiment: 363, 365
        3d, 15th Panzer Grenadier Regiment: 321
        215th Tank: 84n, 148n, 171n
      alarm units: 368
      antiaircraft units: 243, 290, 372, 393, 397, 486
      artillery battalions: 322, 382
      coastal defense units: 393, 396, 398
      divisions: 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 64, 74, 75, 87, 244, 282, 286, 435, 497
      divisions, mobile: 471

--590--

      field artillery units: 399, 402
      paratroop units: 514. See also Paratroopers, German.
      patrols: 358 500
      reconnaissance units: 205, 205n
      service troops: 357
    German Embassy, in Italy: 514, 515, 523, 528
    German High Command: 213, 464. See also Command, German.
    German Navy: 474. See also Ferrying service, German.
    German War Documents Project: 35n
    Germany: 1, 4, 5, 8, 9, 11, 14, 15, 37, 45, 46, 73, 512. See also German Army; Hitler.
      defeat of, Allied planning for: 2, 3, 6, 17, 21, 23, 262, 435-36. See also Cross-Channel invasion.
      and Italian armistice announcement: 513, 522
      and Italian mainland invasion: 522-24, 552
      and Italy. See Italo-German alliance; Occupation of Italy, German.
      and Russia: 464. See also Russo-German campaign.
    Gestapo: 460
    Giaccone, Lt. Col. Leandro: 530n
      and capitulation to Germany: 530, 531, 532
      and truce with Germany: 526-27, 530, 531
    GIANT I: 477, 498
    GIANT II: 490, 492, 498, 504, 506, 508, 509
      and Italians: 485-86, 488, 489, 494, 495, 501, 502, 505
      planning of: 485-89, 494, 498, 505
      purpose of: 477-78
    Giarrantana: 190, 207
    Gibb, Lt. Col. Frederick W.: 337, 344
    Gibraltar: 3, 45, 52, 463
    Giorgio, Generale di Divisione Umberto di: 528
    Giraud, General Henri Philippe: 14, 67
    Giuriati, Captain: 505
    Glider troops, British: 92, 423
    Gliders, British: 92, 93, 108, 115, 117, 120, 219n
    Gliders, German: 537
    Gloria, Generale di Corpo d'Armata Alessandro: 288, 290, 292, 293, 371, 372, 373
    GOBLET: 16, 67, 68, 258, 260, 262
    Goebbels, Joseph: 49, 283, 285
    Goering, Reichsmarschall Hermann: 27, 33, 34, 47, 83, 243
    Gonzaga, General: 534
    Gorham, Lt. Col. Arthur: 150-52, 171, 188
    Gort, Lord: 549
    Goums (4th Moroccan Tabor): 96, 98, 305, 314, 330, 333, 337, 338, 340, 343
    Gozo: 119
    Grammichele: 98, 206, 222, 224
    Gran Sasso: 536, 537
    Grandi, Count Dino: 40, 42, 264, 283, 460
      as foreign minister, King proposes: 548, 549, 551
      and Mussolini's overthrow: 267-68
      peace mission of: 268
    Granieri: 208
    Grant, Maj. Walter H.: 139, 313
    "Grasshoppers": 133n, 418
    Great Britain: 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 12, 22, 92. See also British Chiefs of Staff; British Government; Churchill, Winston S.; Planners, British.
    Greece: 4, 12, 17, 24, 29, 31, 32, 35, 45, 46, 64, 110, 203, 261, 437, 445, 453, 491, 514, 535
    Greek rebels: 38
    GREEN Beach: 125, 131, 141, 144, 161
    GREEN Beach 2: 136, 142, 144, 145, 159, 160
    GREEN West: 125, 131
    Grenades. See Hand grenades; Rifle grenades.
    Grottacalda: 217
    Guariglia, Raffaele: 265, 275, 282, 369, 371, 444, 461, 479, 480, 483n, 511, 517, 523, 548
      and evacuation of Rome: 518
      and peace negotiations with Allies: 295-97, 298, 441, 454, 455, 465, 466, 479, 480
    Guerrilla operations
      Balkan: 447
      Italian: 472
    Guingand, de, Maj. Gen. Francis: 61
    Gulf of Catania: 61
    Gulf of Gela: 52, 61, 63, 64, 89, 96, 123
    Gulf of Gioia; 260
    Gulf of Noto; 61, 62, 64, 89, 91
    Gulf of Salerno: 262, 448, 449, 509
    Gun lighters, German: 376
    Guns, German: 224, 263, 393, 500
      and evacuation of Sicily: 375-76, 375n, 377
      20-mm.: 402
      170-mm.: 376
      210-mm.: 214
    Guns, Italian: 75, 133
      antiaircraft: 489
      antitank: 79, 152, 251, 485
      artillery pieces: 81, 126, 138, 150, 152, 169, 223, 382, 410
      captured by Americans: 138, 150, 152, 169
    Guns, U.S.: See also Howitzers.
      antiaircraft: 399
      antitank: 154n, 171, 173, 478, 485, 498
      artillery pieces: 103, 158, 331, 363, 365, 396, 403, 419, 480
      75-mm.: 251
      155-mm.: 337, 400, 401
    Guzzoni, Generale d'Armata Alfredo: 78, 79, 83, 84, 86, 87, 109, 170, 172, 173, 190, 191, 197-98, 202, 203, 204, 204n, 205, 214, 215-16, 219, 293, 237, 238, 307, 319, 315, 346, 374, 375, 378

--591--

      and command relationship in Sicily: 77-78, 307-09
      and Nicosia loss: 315
      and Sicilian invasion: 110-11, 119, 120, 147, 163, 164-65

    Half-tracks, German: 396
    Half-tracks, U.S.: 173, 195-96, 251, 402
    Hall, Rear Adm. John L.: 100, 108, 136, 159
    Hamburg: 292
    Hand grenades: 317, 321, 404
    Handy, Maj. Gen. Thomas T.: 5
    HARDIHOOD: 436
    Harris, 1st Lt. William J.: 156
    Harrison, Capt. Willard E.: 178
    Headquarters, Allied: 421, 498. See also Allied Force Headquarters.
    Heidrich, Generalleutnant Richard: 377-78
    Heintges, Lt. Col. John A.: 128, 193, 229
    Herzegovina: 491
    Hewel, Walter: 287
    Hewitt, Vice Adm. Henry K.: 89, 108, 320, 379-80
    Hickey, Col. Lawrence: 107n
    Highway, coastal. See Highway 115.
    Highway, east coast. See Highway 114.
    Highway, north coast. See Highway 113.
    Highway 113 (north coast): 207, 238, 255, 300, 304, 308, 309, 316, 320, 353, 367, 378, 380, 386, 388, 396, 405, 408, 413
      characterized: 348
      difficulties of: 309
    Highway 114 (east coast): 191, 207, 219, 235, 248, 375, 380, 416
    Highway 115 (coastal): 92, 121, 123, 131, 133, 135, 138, 141, 143, 149, 151, 165, 168, 171, 172, 187, 191, 194, 226, 229, 231, 233, 252, 255, 309, 316-17, 391, 398, 399, 405
    Highway 116: 309, 382
    Highway 117: 97, 135, 139, 149, 152, 153, 165, 169, 185, 206, 222, 231, 245, 248, 309, 314, 315, 321, 322
    Highway 118: 226
    Highway 120: 233, 238, 301, 303, 304, 309, 313, 314, 323, 328, 341, 343, 345, 346, 382, 385
      difficulties of: 309
      terrain around: 325
    Highway 121: 233, 235, 245, 246, 248, 249, 300, 304, 319, 341
    Highway 122: 198, 226, 227, 229, 230, 231, 232, 246, 248
    Highway 123: 155, 191, 192, 195, 196, 198
    Highway 124: 190, 191, 198, 205, 206-07, 207n, 208, 209, 210, 222, 223, 224, 233, 422. See also YELLOW Line.
    Highways, Italian. See Via entries.
    Hill 123: 164
    Hill 132: 164
    Hill 171: 357, 358
    Hill 300: 165
    Hill 316: 228
    Hill 333: 228
    Hill 335. See Tusa ridge.
    Hill 432: 232
    Hill 504: 232
    Hill 643: 156
    Hill 673: 359, 360, 361, 362
    Hill 825: 313, 314
    Hill 851: 329
    Hill 921: 314
    Hill 937: 313, 314
    Hill 962: 313-14
    Hill 1006: 329, 330, 344
    Hill 1030: 327-28
    Hill 1034: 329, 330, 336, 337, 344
    Hill 1035. See Monte Basilio.
    Hill 1056: 336
    Hill 1061: 328, 329
    Hill 1140: 328
    Hill 1209: 333-34
    Hill 1234: 328
    Hill 1321: 330
    Himmler, Reichsfuehrer SS Heinrich: 38
    Hinds, Col. Sidney R.: 194, 199
    Hitler, Adolf: 3, 28, 31n, 32, 33, 33n, 39, 41, 46, 47, 48, 51, 74, 75, 78, 79, 82, 111, 203, 212, 237, 263, 275, 282, 285, 288, 290, 291, 293, 296, 308, 368, 370, 371, 374, 443, 460, 471, 472, 522, 534
      and Badoglio: 283, 286, 287, 292, 294-95, 470, 497
      and defense of Italy: 49-50, 452, 469-70
      and evacuation of Sicily: 306, 375
      at Feltre conference: 242-44
      and Italian treachery threat: 37, 49-50, 286-87, 473, 497
      and Mussolini: 27, 29, 30, 34, 38, 215, 239, 240, 241, 242, 283, 536, 539
      secret orders of: 214
      and Sicily: 213, 214, 240, 241, 243
      strategic views of: 35, 213
    Hoare, Sir Samuel John Gurney: 40, 268, 441, 446, 446n, 458
    Holy See. See Vatican; Vatican City.
    Hood, 1st Lt. R. F.: 195
    Hopkins, Harry: 19
    Horses: 348, 348n
    Hospital ships, Allied: 110
    Hospitals, Seventh Army: 419
      15th Evacuation: 426
      93d Evacuation: 427-28
    House of Savoy. See Monarchy; Victor Emmanuel III.

--592--

    Howitzer units, U.S.: 125, 144, 168, 172
    Howitzers, U.S.: 150n, 160, 167, 172-173, 402, 403
      75-mm.: 187-88
      105-mm.: 129n, 187, 188
    Hube, General der Panzertruppen Hans Valentin: 51, 74, 82, 213, 214, 215, 236, 318, 319, 357, 379, 385, 388
      and command relationship in Sicily: 307-09
      and evacuation of Sicily: 342, 374, 375, 376-77, 378, 381-82, 413, 416
      and Nicosia loss: 315
      phase lines of: 324-25, 345, 378, 406, 409, 412, 414
      in Troina action: 341, 345
    Huebner, Maj. Gen. Clarence R.: 56, 347, 413
    Hull, Cordell: 448
    Humbert, Prince: 283, 287, 306, 371, 468, 516, 517
    Hungary: 15, 40, 44, 298
    HUSKY, defined: 4

    Iberian Peninsula: 3, 17. See also Spain.
    Infantry Battalions, U.S.
      1st, 7th Infantry: 126, 127, 128, 226, 228, 415
      1st, 15th Infantry: 195, 196, 352, 353, 357, 358
      1st, 16th Infantry: 152, 154, 165, 168, 171, 187, 338, 339, 341
        in Casa del Priolo action: 188-89
        casualties: 189
      1st, 18th Infantry: 187, 302-03
      1st, 26th Infantry: 139, 185, 231-32, 301, 313, 314
      1st, 30th Infantry: 359-60, 361, 401-02, 404
      1st, 39th Infantry: 336, 337
      1st, 41st Armored Infantry: 159
      1st, 157th Infantry: 145, 156, 208, 220, 321, 322, 416
      1st, 179th Infantry: 144
      1st, 180th Infantry: 142-43, 154-55, 155n, 160n, 165, 318
      2d, 7th Infantry: 358, 365
        and Agrigento drive: 228-29
        D-day landing of: 127-28
      2d, 15th Infantry: 125, 131, 195, 352, 353, 357, 358
      2d, 16th Infantry: 152, 154, 165, 166-67, 171, 338
        in Casa del Priolo action: 187-89
        casualties: 189
      2d, 18th Infantry: 185, 187, 302-03
      2d, 26th Infantry: 185, 187, 232, 301, 313, 337, 344
      2d, 30th Infantry: 352
      2d, 60th Infantry: 386
      2d, 157th Infantry: 144, 145, 321, 322
      2d, 180th Infantry: 143, 165, 168, 222, 317, 318
      3d, 7th Infantry: 229
        D-day landing of: 128-29
        in Palma di Montechiaro advance: 193-94
      3d, 15th Infantry: 200, 352, 353, 357, 358-59, 360, 361, 366, 409
        in Favarotta area action: 195, 196
        in San Fratello action: 358
      3d, 16th Infantry: 314, 338, 339
      3d, 26th Infantry: 165, 166, 232, 301, 302, 313, 314, 337, 344
      3d, 30th Infantry: 197, 199, 200, 359, 360, 361, 401, 402, 404
      3d, 39th Infantry: 333, 334
      3d, 41st Armored Infantry: 194
      3d, 157th Infantry: 208, 321, 322
      3d, 179th Infantry: 144, 155-56, 208
      3d, 180th Infantry: 155, 155n, 165, 321
        landings of: 143-44
        in Pettineo ridge action: 318
    Infantry Divisions, U.S.
      1st: 57, 94, 98, 100, 101, 108, 117, 135-36, 139, 141, 143, 155, 156, 158, 159, 164, 165, 167n, 169, 170, 170n, 172, 173, 174, 174n, 175, 179, 185, 190, 197, 200, 206, 210, 222, 231, 232, 233, 244, 245, 246, 248, 249, 301, 302, 304, 305, 311, 312n, 314, 316, 319, 320, 323, 324, 325, 327, 329, 330, 331, 336, 338, 340, 343, 352, 406, 408, 412, 417, 418, 422
        command changed: 347
        logistical planning for: 120
        in North Africa campaign: 95
        tactical plans for: 99-100
        in Troina action: 341, 347
      3d: 94-95, 96, 100, 103, 105, 106, 108, 135, 155, 170, 174, 191, 192, 197, 198, 200, 201, 206, 224, 230, 231, 245, 249, 254, 305, 323, 349, 352, 382, 388, 394, 399, 400, 405, 406, 408, 413, 418, 422
        in British task force: 59-60
        Licata assault plan: 123, 125
        logistical planning for: 102
        at Naso ridge: 391
        relieves 45th Division: 319-20, 348
        in San Fratello action: 348, 353
        tactical plans for: 60, 97, 98, 99
      9th: 94, 98, 230, 231, 320, 330, 331, 333, 336, 343, 347, 374, 382, 393, 406
        arrival in Sicily: 305-06
        characterized: 96
      36th: 57
      45th: 94, 99, 105, 108, 117, 119, 123, 136, 142, 165, 172, 173, 206, 210, 222, 224, 230-31, 232, 233, 244, 245, 248, 249, 254, 300, 304, 305, 311, 316, 318, 349, 422
        accomplishments of: 323
        characterized: 95

--593--

        landing of: 139
        logistical planning for: 102
        relieved by 3rd Division: 319-20, 348
        and Santo Stefano: 321, 322, 323
        tactical plans for: 98, 100
      104th: 347
    Infantry Regiments, U.S.
      7th: 125, 131, 133, 192, 200, 227, 228-29, 230, 360, 361, 365, 367, 388, 389, 391, 399, 402, 404, 406, 413, 414, 415, 416
      15th: 155, 192, 195, 199, 200, 352, 357, 358, 361, 389, 408, 413, 414
      16th: 149, 150, 151, 151n, 152, 154, 154n, 156, 160, 165, 169, 173, 174, 206, 222, 231, 232, 249, 302, 303, 311, 324, 329, 330, 331, 336, 337, 338, 339, 341, 344
        in Casa del Priolo action: 187, 188-89
        D-day objectives of: 136, 139
        in Nicosia action: 314, 315
      18th: 98, 136, 160, 171, 208, 222, 223, 231, 248, 249, 302, 312, 321, 329, 330, 331, 333, 338, 339, 341, 342, 343, 344, 413
        landing of: 158-59
        in Nicosia area action: 314
      26th: 139, 149, 153, 158, 165, 166, 185, 187, 206, 222, 231, 232, 301, 303
        Gela landing: 136
        in Nicosia area action: 311-12, 313, 314
        in Troina action: 331, 333, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 343-44, 345
      30th: 125, 133, 193, 199, 200, 357, 358, 359, 360, 363, 365, 366, 401, 408, 415
      39th: 96, 98, 249, 250, 252, 253, 255, 305
        at Randazzo: 385-86
        in Troina action: 329-30, 331, 333, 336, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342-43, 344, 347
      47th: 343, 347, 382, 385
      41st Armored: 159, 171, 194
      60th: 343, 345, 385, 386
      66th: 95
      157th: 142, 155, 156, 189, 190, 206, 208, 222, 224, 233, 249, 300, 316, 318, 320, 321, 323, 408, 415, 418
        in Bivio Salica landing: 415
        D-day landings of: 141, 142
        Mazzarino move: 232-33
        and Messina drive: 413-14
        and Vizzini: 219-20
      179th: 141, 142, 155, 165, 173, 189, 190, 205, 206, 208, 220, 222, 224, 300, 316, 348, 418
        at Comiso: 189
        D-day landings of: 144
      180th: 141, 149, 155, 155n, 160, 168, 172, 189, 190, 206, 208, 220, 222, 249, 300, 316, 317, 320
        and Axis counterattack: 165
        landings of: 142-43
    Infiltration, German: 341, 342
    "Innocuous" (code word): 500, 502
    Innsbruck: 31n
    Inshore Squadron, British Navy: 380, 387
    Intelligence, Allied: 46, 56, 64, 72-73, 245, 261, 270, 324, 325, 347, 378-79, 449, 541. See also MINCEMEAT.
    Intelligence, Axis: 45, 46, 65, 73, 109, 447, 454, 458, 486. See also Italian Military Intelligence Service.
    Internees, Axis: 456n, 457
    Invasion targets, Axis speculation on: 45-46, 48, 203. See also MINCEMEAT; Strategic planning, Allied.
    Ionia Sea: 45
    Iraq: 6
    Ismay, General Sir Hastings L.: 23
    Italia: 532, 533
    Italian Air Force: 28, 29, 46-47, 83, 459-60, 474, 492, 552
    Italian armistice. See Armistice, Italo-Allied.
    Italian Army: 28, 41, 163, 197, 241-42, 245, 272, 288, 307, 370, 373, 470, 471, 480, 488, 491-92, 501, 509, 515, 522, 523, 524, 540, 545, 547, 553. See also Italian Army units.
      command. See Comando Supremo; Command, Axis; Command, Italian.
      dissolution of: 524, 534-36
      and evacuation of Sicily: 410
      General Staff: 524
      and German Army: 30, 32, 36, 47-48, 410, 497, 513-14, 525, 534, 535-36. See also Command, Axis.
      ground forces: 32, 47, 369, 445, 482, 515, 535, 552
      ground organization: 240, 243
      infantry: 150-51
      and Memoria 44: 481, 515
      military collaboration with Allies: 441, 445, 446, 447, 456, 457-58, 464, 465, 466, 473, 475, 476, 477, 482, 484, 485-86, 490-91, 492-95, 505, 535, 541, 542-43, 544, 551. See also Military information.
      morale: 239-40, 241, 261, 270, 285, 451, 529, 533, 552
      organization and command of: 29-30
      performance of: 64, 239-40, 259
      and Rome: 464, 516, 517-18, 519, 528, 529-30, 531, 532
      shortages: See Shortages, Italian.
      and truce with Germany: 525-26, 531-32
      weakness of: 30, 47, 48, 80-81, 542-43
    Italian Army units
      Army Group East: 491

--594--

      Armies
        Second: 289, 481
        Fourth: 286, 288, 289, 370, 451, 453, 472, 481, 533
        Fifth: 481
        Sixth: 63, 64, 76, 80, 82, 83, 84, 86, 110, 148, 191, 192, 202, 205, 214, 216, 223, 237, 309, 346, 378
        Seventh: 481, 534
        Eighth: 32, 290, 481
      Corps: 513
        Corpo d'Armata di Rome: 289, 492
        Motorized: 289, 480, 484, 489, 492, 493, 495, 500, 519
        XI: 525
        XII: 63, 84, 119, 149-50, 196, 197, 237, 238, 308, 315
        XVI: 63, 84, 86, 119, 120, 147, 148, 149, 163, 164, 170, 172, 223, 237, 533
        XVII: 289, 492
        XXXV: 289, 533
      Divisions: 63, 282, 457, 464, 476, 513, 542-43
        Re: 492, 495, 525
        2d (Tridentina) Alpine: 372
        4th (Cuneense) Alpine: 372, 373
        4th (Livorno): 47, 63, 81, 84, 86, 87, 111, 136, 147, 149, 152, 163, 164, 165, 169-70, 185, 192, 198, 202, 203, 205, 211, 217, 222, 223, 237, 242
        5th (Pusteria) Alpine: 533
        6th (Alpi Graje) Alpine: 372
        7th (Lupi di Toscana) Infantry: 472, 488, 492, 495
        9th (Pasubio) Infantry: 534
        10th (Piave) Motorized Infantry: 266, 289, 485, 492, 493, 510, 524, 525, 529, 532
        12th (Sassari): 289, 485, 492
        21st (Granatieri): 289, 492, 515, 516, 525, 529, 532
        26th (Assietta): 63, 80, 84, 87, 125, 197, 238, 358, 366, 382
        28th (Aosta): 63, 80, 84, 86, 87, 87n, 125, 197, 238, 315, 324, 330
        54th (Napoli): 63, 80, 84, 86, 87, 111, 120, 123, 163, 205, 209, 211, 422
        58th (Legnano) Infantry: 534, 542
        103d (Piacenza) Motorized: 63n, 289, 492, 514, 523, 525
        104th (Mantova) Infantry: 534, 542
        105th (Rovigo) Infantry: 372
        131st (Centauro) Armored: 289, 485, 492, 525, 526, 527, 532
        135th (Ariete) Armored: 266, 289, 298, 485, 492, 493, 495, 510, 515, 516, 524, 525, 529, 532
        152d Piceno: 534, 542
        184th (Nembo) Parachute: 535
        206th Coastal: 142
        207th Coastal: 126, 163, 191, 192, 196
        209th Coastal: 534
        220th Coastal: 492
        221st Coastal: 492
        222d Coastal: 534
      Brigade, XVIII Coastal: 136, 142, 147
      Groups
        Mobile Group E: 149, 151n, 152, 164
        Schreiber: 233, 301
        Venturi: 191, 195, 196
      Regiments
        29th Infantry: 363
        177th Bersaglieri: 191, 492, 516
      antiaircraft units: 485, 488, 516
      carabinieri: 492, 518, 527, 528
      coastal units: 80, 83, 84, 87, 120, 125, 137, 138, 141, 149n, 157, 212, 214, 238, 289, 304, 379, 542
        battalions: 79, 128
        divisions: 534. See also Italian Army units, Divisions.
      depot units: 289
      mobile units: 83, 84, 86, 87, 125, 142, 147
      patrols: 416
      police units: 518
      service school troops: 492, 528
    Italian Cabinet, Badoglio's: 265, 266, 281
    Italian diplomatic corps: 468
    Italian Fleet: 17, 45, 46, 52, 54, 89, 269, 272, 369, 372, 442, 459, 468, 474, 475-76, 482, 494, 505, 506, 532, 540, 541, 543
      disposition of: 546
      escape from Germans: 533
      inadequacy of: 82
    Italian government. See Badoglio government; Caviglia; Mussolini.
    Italian High Command: 77, 462, 494, 503, 510, 527. See also Badoglio, government of; Monarchy.
    Italian mainland invasion: 73, 240-41, 278, 295, 379, 435, 437, 438, 439-40, 441-42, 446, 448, 458, 459, 462, 463, 465, 466, 467, 473, 477-78, 498, 522
      airborne operations. See GIANT II.
      and armistice: 474, 475, 476, 482, 491, 492, 499, 508-09, 512
      German preparations for: 469-71, 523-24
      Italian co-operation with. See Italian Army, military collaboration with Allies.
      landings for. See Amphibious operations, Allied, Italian mainland; Salerno landings.

--595--

      plans and debate: 12, 14, 16, 17, 18-19, 23, 24, 67, 259, 261-63, 269
      scheduling of: 478, 479, 488, 489, 490, 491, 492, 493, 495, 496, 499, 520-21
      strategic planning for: 68, 259-63, 269-70, 440, 449, 512. See also BARRACUDA; BAYTOWN; BUTTRESS; GANGWAY; GOBLET; MUSKET.
    Italian merchant marine: 546, 552
    Italian Military Intelligence Service: 494, 495, 496, 499
    Italian military mission: 489, 494, 505-06
    Italian Navy: 28, 29, 45, 46, 505, 552. See also Italian Fleet.
    Italian Riviera: 12
    Italian secret service: 470
    Italian Social Republic: 539
    Italian War Ministry: 29, 288, 290, 514, 518, 527
    Italians. See Civilians, Italian.
    Italo-German alliance (Pact of Steel): 27, 31, 40, 267, 295n, 306
      under Badoglio: 281, 284, 285, 553
      termination question: 38-40, 41, 43, 44, 263, 264, 265, 282, 297, 374, 474

    Japan: 1, 2, 4, 5, 11, 16, 21
    Jeeps: 253
    Jeffers: 139, 139n, 179-80, 180n
    Jefferson: 144, 145
    Jeschonnek, Generaloberst Hans: 83
    Jodl, Generaloberst Alfred: 27, 37, 211, 212, 287, 294, 295, 306, 307, 368, 453, 460, 470, 523
      defense views of: 213, 214, 215, 452
      and Hitler: 375, 497
      unified command plan of: 241, 242
    Johnson, Col. Charles R.: 125, 195, 352
    Joint Chiefs of Staff, U.S.: 2, 3, 4, 11, 20, 25, 26, 277, 279, 436, 437, 449, 462. See also Joint War Plans Committee.
      at Casablanca: 7-8
      at QUADRANT Conference: 438-39
      and strategic planning: 5, 6, 7-8, 9-10, 18-19, 21-22
    Joint Staff Planners: 2n
    Joint Strategic Survey Committee: 2n
    Joint War Plans Committee: 25, 435
    Julian Alps: 442, 472
    Junctions. See Road junctions.
    Junker 52's: 488
    Junker 88's: 177

    Kairouan: 102
    Kaye, Orin W., Jr.: 504n
    Kean, Maj. Gen. William B.: 429
    Keerans, Brig. Gen. Charles L., Jr.: 181
    Keitel, Generalfeldmarschall Wilhelm: 27, 31n, 50, 282, 291, 294, 295, 452, 534
      at Feltre conference: 243-44
      at Tarvis conference: 369, 370
    Kennan, George F.: 455, 459
    Kesselring, Feldmarschall Albert: 33n, 35, 36, 50, 51, 78, 78n, 79, 83, 204n, 211, 223, 236, 240, 263, 283, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 293, 307, 368, 369, 371, 372, 373, 374, 458, 497, 530n, 536
      on Allied invasion targets: 46
      and Badoglio government: 284-85, 286
      and capitulation of Italy: 530, 531, 532
      as Commander in Chief South: 33-34
      and counterattack in Sicily: 163
      and evacuation of Sicily: 374-75
      headquarters bombed: 522-23
      on Hermann Goering Division failure: 157
      and Italian mainland invasion: 510, 522, 523
      Italian sympathies of: 470-71, 473
      and Italy's defense: 74, 75, 451, 452
      and military aid to Italy: 48, 74-75
      and occupation of Rome: 470, 532
      and Sardinia: 74, 75, 471
      and Sicily: 74-75, 86, 87, 203-04, 212-13, 214-15, 237
      and truce with Italy: 526
    Keyes, Maj. Gen. Geoffrey: 94, 176, 198, 199, 200, 201, 206, 226n, 230, 235, 245, 249, 251, 252, 254, 389, 390, 414, 416
    King, Admiral Ernest J.: 3, 6, 7, 8, 10, 21
    Kirk, Rear Adm. Alan G.: 100, 108, 139, 161
    Kisters, Sgt. Gerry H.: 331n
    Kittyhawks: 261. See also P-40's.
    Klessheim conference: 38, 39
    Klinckowstroem, Col. Karl Heinrich Graf von: 530n, 533n
    Kobes, Maj. Frank J., Jr.: 352, 357, 358
    Komosa, Capt. Adam A.: 180
    KONSTANTIN, Plan: 241, 282
    KOPENHAGEN: 283-84
    Krause, Maj. Edward C.: 168, 169, 172
    Krueger, Lt. Col. Walter: 399, 402, 404
    Kuehl, Chaplain Delbert A.: 181
    Kuriate Islands: 115
    Kursk: 213

    La Bouzarèa: 56
    La Marsa: 236
    La Spezia: 82, 294, 369, 464, 468, 473, 481, 522, 532, 533
    Labor Democrats: 42
    Labor unions, Italian: 39
    Lampedusa: 70, 72, 73
    Lampione: 70, 72
    Landing craft, Allied: 16, 66, 70, 72, 103-04, 143, 144, 159, 160, 161, 259, 260, 320, 362, 406, 419, 449, 493, 505, 520, 522. See also LCI's; LCT's; LCVP's; LST's.

--596--

    Landing craft, German: 376, 377
    Landings. See Amphibious operations. For landings of airborne troops, See Airborne operations: Airdrops.
    Lanza, Lt. Galvano: 464-65, 467, 474, 500, 501
    Laurentiis, Col. Augusto de: 196, 229-30
    LCI's: 103, 108, 123, 126, 127, 128, 129, 136, 158, 159, 320, 363, 393, 499
    LCM's: 100-101n, 161n
    LCT's: 103, 105, 108, 119, 123, 129, 131, 320, 393, 396, 499
    LCVP's: 103, 125, 126, 127, 128, 133, 159, 161n, 363, 393, 394
    Leahy, Admiral William D.: 2n, 7, 21, 259
    Leese, Lt. Gen. Oliver: 61-62, 63, 207, 224, 248, 249, 342n
    Leghorn (Livorno): 215, 460, 473, 522
    LEHRGANG. See Evacuation of Sicily.
    Lemnitzer, Brig. Gen. Lyman L.: 56, 485, 508, 509
    Lentini: 191, 216
    Leonardi, Contrammiraglio Priamo: 240
    Leonforte: 207, 233, 248, 300, 307
    Lewis, Col. Harry L.: 499
    Liberal Party, Italian: 42
    Liberty ships: 100-101n, 174, 177
    Libya: 32
    Licata: 58, 59, 63, 79, 86, 89, 91, 96, 97, 98, 99, 107, 110, 120, 131, 133, 163, 165, 179, 191, 192, 196, 197, 226, 240, 256, 256n, 422, 508, 509
      as Allied objective: 99
      assault on: 123, 125, 131, 132, 133
    Licodia Eubea: 206, 208
    Liebenstein, Fregattenkapitaen Gustav von: 374, 376, 409, 410, 411
    Light divisions, U.S., proposed: 424
    Lightnings: 261. See also P-38's.
    Linosa: 70, 72, 118
    Liri valley: 522
    Lisbon. See Castellano, peace mission of; Zanussi, peace mission of.
    List, Generalfeldmarschall Wilhelm: 33n
    List Oberbefehlshaber Suedost: 33n
    Livorno. See Leghorn.
    Ljubljana: 373, 469
    Ljubljana-Tarvis pass: 469, 472
    Loesch Film: 35n
    Logistical operations, Allied. See also Maintenance, Allied; Shipping, Allied; Supplies, Allied.
      floating supply reserve: 102
      for Sicilian Campaign: 7, 89, 102-03, 420
      Eighth Army: 92
      and GIANT II: 486, 489, 500
      Palermo as center of: 256
      and railroad lines: 256-57
    Lombard plain: 14
    Long terms: 26, 273-74, 276, 277, 447, 449, 461, 462, 463, 464, 465, 467, 474, 484, 543, 545, 546, 548, 550n
      modifications in: 545, 548
      QUADRANT agreement on: 448-49
      signing of: 548, 549
      text of: 559-64
    Long Toms. See Guns, U.S., 155-mm.
    Longo, Luigi: 529
    LST's: 103, 105, 108, 119, 123, 125, 126, 127, 128, 133, 136, 159, 160, 161n, 320, 360, 361, 362, 363, 389, 389n, 393, 499
    Lucas, Maj. Gen. John P.: 206n, 235, 236, 426, 427, 427n, 430
    Luftflottenkommando. See German Air Force, Second.
    Luftwaffe. See German Air Force.
    Lyle, Capt. James B.: 138, 170

    Machine guns, Allied: 150, 152, 170, 177, 179, 340, 365, 393, 398, 402, 404
    Machine guns, Axis: 126-27, 131, 133, 137-38, 139, 143, 144, 150, 183, 325, 334, 338, 344, 357, 396, 400, 533
    Mackensen, Hans Georg von: 242, 283n, 284, 287, 288, 289, 473
    Macmillan, Harold: 449, 474, 476, 478, 540, 543, 546, 549
    McGinity, Capt. James: 119, 143
    McGrigor, Rear Adm. R. R.: 320, 380. See also Inshore Squadron, British Navy.
    Maddalena: 468, 470, 475, 533
    Maddox: 147
    Madonie Mountains: 214
    Madrid: 65, 444
    Maintenance, Allied: 91, 102, 102n
    Maletto: 385
    Malpertugio River: 316
    Malta: 52, 54, 61, 92, 107, 108, 110, 115, 118, 119, 421, 494, 533, 541
    Malta Command, RAF: 107
    Malta conference: 548, 549-51
    Manfredi, Contrammiraglio Giuseppe: 255
    Manhart, Lt. Col. Ashton: 352, 359, 361
    Manziana: 524
    Maps, Allied military: 459
    Marchesi, Maj. Luigi: 482, 490n, 500, 511, 517
    Marciani, Generale di Divisione Giovanni: 238, 254
    Mariotti, Generale di Divisione: 524
    Marras, Generale di Corpo d'Armata Efisio: 286, 287, 296, 369
    Marsala: 110, 255
    Marsala naval base: 238
    Marsala River: 255
    Marshall, General George C.: 3, 14, 21, 69, 70, 109, 259, 273, 275-76, 279, 437, 438, 541

--597--

      at Algiers Conference: 23, 24
      and Sicilian Campaign: 9-10, 66
      strategic views of: 5, 6, 7, 8, 9-10, 17, 22, 435-36, 437, 439-40
    "Martin, Major," and Operation MINCEMEAT: 64-65
    Mason, Maj. Gen. Stanhope B.: 155n
    Mason-MacFarlane, Lt. Gen. Sir Noel: 540-43, 545, 546, 547, 548
    Matériel, Axis: 306, 374, 377. See also Equipment, Axis.
    Mazzarino: 93, 202, 203, 222, 223, 231, 233
    Medal of Honor awards: 196n, 230n, 331n, 347
    Medical Corps, U.S.: 419
    Medical units, U.S.: 498
    Mediterranean operations, Allied: 3, 4-5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 14, 18-19, 20-22, 23, 66-67, 73, 258-59, 262, 278, 435, 436, 438, 439, 440. See also Italian mainland invasion.
    Mediterranean operations, Axis: 27, 31
    Melilli: 202
    Memoria 44: 481, 491, 514, 515, 515n, 525, 534
    Memoria 45: 491n
    Mers el Kebir: 493
    Messina: 82, 164, 191, 207, 207n, 231, 243, 245, 246, 248, 257, 259, 260, 327, 346, 387, 405, 422, 423
      drive for: 210, 234-35, 300-04, 308, 319, 388, 389, 406-17, 420
      and Sicilian invasion plans: 53, 54
    Messina peninsula: 210, 234, 408. See also Messina, drive for.
    Messina Strait: 13, 22, 52, 82, 89, 214, 236, 263, 440, 449, 552. See also BAYTOWN.
      Allied bombings of: 409-10, 411-12
      antiaircraft defense of: 376
      and evacuation of Sicily: 378, 379
      traffic regulation across: 237
    Middle East: 5, 67, 92
    Middleton, Maj. Gen. Troy H.: 95, 108, 141, 155, 161, 169, 173, 206, 209, 232, 232n, 249, 300, 316, 318, 320
    Mihailovitch, General Draza: 37, 261, 445
    Milan: 288, 442, 514
    Military collaboration. See Italian Army, military collaboration with Allies.
    Military diplomacy: 278, 552. See also Armistice, Italo-Allied, negotiations; Rome, American mission to.
    Military government for Italy, Allied plans concerning: 19, 26, 258, 272, 276, 457, 544, 545, 548. See also Occupation of Italy.
    Military information, from Italy to Allies: 445, 459-60, 463, 476, 505. See also Order of battle, German.
    Military Intelligence Service, Italian. See Italian Military Intelligence Service.
    Military party, Italian: 41
    Military police, U.S.: 419
    Millar, Capt. Walter K.: 399, 400, 404
    MINCEMEAT: 64-65
    Mine fields: 251, 253, 255, 316, 344, 353, 399
    Mine sweepers, U.S.: 147, 318
    Mines: 137, 158, 159, 224, 316, 321, 329, 348, 352, 362, 382, 385, 387, 401, 402, 410, 524-25
    Ministers, Italian: 517, 528
    Mirto: 389
    Mistretta: 321, 322
    Mobile reserves, Axis: 80, 83, 84, 86, 87, 451
    Mobilization, U.S.: 5
    Modena: 442
    Modane: 442
    Modica: 190
    Molinero, Generale di Brigata Giuseppe: 254
    Mollarella Rock: 131
    Monacci, Generale di Brigata Ettore: 410
    Monarchy, Italian: 19, 25, 40, 41, 42, 50, 242, 269, 272, 281, 440, 464, 475, 476, 546, 549. See also Victor Emmanuel III, King.
    Monrovia: 108, 158
    Montanari, Franco: 444, 446, 455, 457, 460, 461, 474, 478, 482
    Montaperto: 228-30
    Monte Acuto: 328, 333, 334, 339, 340, 342, 343
    Monte Barbuzzo: 363, 365
    Monte Barnagiano. See Hill 962.
    Monte Basilio: 329, 333, 336, 338, 339, 340, 343, 344, 345
    Monte Bianco: 329, 338
    Monte Camolato: 340, 343
    Monte Canella. See Hill 825.
    Monte Caolina. See Hill 937.
    Monte Castagna: 339, 340
    Monte Cipolla, amphibious operation at: 391-405
    Monte della Guardia: 185
    Monte di Celso: 340
    Monte Femmina Morta: 330
    Monte Lapa: 185
    Monte Pelato: 328, 339, 343
    Monte Pellegrino: 329, 342, 346
    Monte Salici: 329
    Monte Sambughetti: 314
    Monte San Fratello: 352, 353, 357, 359, 366
    Monte San Gregorio: 329
    Monte San Mercurio: 343
    Monte San Silvestro: 338, 339, 342
    Monte Scimone. See Hill 1321.
    Monte Sole: 131
    Monte Stagliata: 340
    Monte Timponivoli. See Hill 1209.
    Monte Zai: 185
    Montenegro: 32, 491
    Monterosi: 524
    Monterosso Almo: 206, 208, 220
    Monterotondo: 373, 510, 512, 513, 523

--598--

    Montezemolo, Col. Giuseppe Cordero: 525, 530n
    Montgomery, Field Marshal Sir Bernard L.: 55, 58-60, 61, 62, 89, 91, 92, 206-07, 207n, 209n, 210, 218, 219, 222, 224, 231, 235n, 236, 248, 304, 304n, 319, 380, 387, 389, 411, 414, 416, 420, 421, 422. See also British Army units, Army, Eighth.
    Moore, Lt. Col. Roy E.: 126, 229, 230
    Morale
      Axis: 73
      German: 325, 342, 405, 460
      Italian: 64, 68, 70, 71, 73, 80, 216, 239-40, 241, 259, 261, 270, 285, 451, 529, 533, 552. See also Defeatism, Italian.
      U.S.: 314
    Moroccans. See Goums.
    Morocco. See French Morocco; Spanish Morocco.
    Mortar support, Axis: 137, 139, 321, 325, 330, 334, 337, 344, 357, 358
    Mortar support, U.S.: 96, 139, 152, 166, 169, 170, 171, 228, 317, 344, 393, 398, 399, 400, 401, 402, 403-04, 408
    Mostaganem: 94, 493
    Motor boats, German: 213, 376
    Motor rafts, Italian: 378, 410
    Motor Transport Brigades (MTB's): 320
    Motor transportation, Italian: 486
    Motorcycles, German: 396
    Motta: 321, 323
    Mount Cenis pass: 284, 294, 442, 472
    Mount Etna: 53, 207, 210, 218, 235, 246, 248, 304, 307, 319, 345, 378, 387, 422
    Mountain Training School, German: 284
    Mountains, Sicilian: 245, 309, 348, 352
    Mountbatten, Admiral Lord Louis: 206
    Mules: 348, 348n, 352, 359, 393, 398, 399
    Munich: 442, 469
    Munitions, Italian: 500, 502
    Murphy, Lt. Col. Preston J.C.: 145, 156, 220, 321
    Murphy, Robert D.: 463, 474, 476, 477, 478, 540, 543, 546, 549
    MUSKET: 16, 67, 260-61, 262
    Mussolini, Benito: 24, 25, 31, 35, 36, 51, 52, 73, 74, 78, 203, 213, 242n, 242-43, 244, 271, 272, 278, 281, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 291, 295, 296, 297, 368, 417, 440, 445, 452, 454, 460, 464, 470, 492, 500, 520, 543, 544, 552
      on Allied invasion plans: 45-46, 47, 48
      cabinet changes by: 39
      Goebbels on: 49
      and Hitler: 27, 29, 30, 34, 38, 215, 239, 240, 241, 242, 536, 539
      and Italian Army: 29, 32
      overthrow of: 40-42, 50, 263-64, 266, 267-69, 270, 274, 282, 306
      popularity diminishes: 39, 44
      rescue of: 536-39
      and Sicilian Campaign: 211, 212, 214
      and surrender: 34, 39-40, 41, 51, 215, 239
    MUSTANG: 260
    Mustangs: 261. See also A-36's.

    Naples: 14, 16, 67, 68, 259, 368, 440, 452, 471, 473, 552
      assault planned: 260, 261-63
      bombing of: 278
    Naro: 98, 155, 192, 194, 196, 197, 199, 200
    Naro River: 226, 227, 228
    Naso ridge: 388, 389, 391, 393, 394, 398, 399, 401, 402, 404, 406. See also Monte Cipolla.
    Naso River: 394, 396, 398, 403, 404
    Naval Base Augusta-Syracuse: 120, 121, 211, 212
    Naval Base Messina: 120, 237
    Naval bases, Axis, on Sicily: 79
    Naval blockade: 23
    Naval bombardment: 133. See also Naval gunfire support.
    Naval convoys. See Convoys, Allied; Convoys, U.S.
    Naval fires. See Naval gunfire support.
    Naval forces, Allied: 88. See also Naval operations, Allied; Naval Task Forces.
    Naval forces, Axis: 33n, 73, 82
    Naval gunfire support, Allied: 106, 111, 120, 129, 131, 137, 139, 150, 150n, 151, 152, 154, 167, 167n, 170, 171, 173, 174, 352, 353, 401, 402, 419n
      excellence of: 419
      friendly planes fired at: 175-76, 178-79, 182-83, 183n, 218
      at Monte Cipolla: 398, 400, 401, 403
    Naval operations, Allied: 420. See also Amphibious operations, Allied; Naval gunfire support; Naval support; Seaborne operations.
      and evacuation of Sicily by Axis: 378, 379-80
      and Pantelleria assault: 69, 70, 72
      in Sicilian invasion: 59, 88, 89, 100, 103-06, 108, 110-11, 129, 131
    Naval salvage parties: 161
    Naval support, Allied: 320, 380, 382, 405, 419. See also Naval gunfire support.
    Naval Task Forces
      Eastern: 89
      Western: 89, 100, 100n
      81 (Hall's): 100, 136, 159
      85 (Kirk's): 100, 139
      86 (Conolly's): 100, 123, 133
      88 (Davidson's): 320, 349, 352, 362, 399, 401, 402, 403
    Naval vessels, Allied: 108, 110, 119, 177, 258, 317-18, 485, 486, 488, 516. See also Naval gunfire support; Naval operations; individual names of ships and individual types of ships.

--599--

    Naval vessels, Axis: 376, 377, 411n, 457, 472, 474. See also German Navy; Italian Fleet; Italian Navy.
    Navy, U.S.: 69. See also Naval Task Forces.
      and Air Forces: 106
      and Allied antiaircraft catastrophe: 175-76, 182-83
      and Sicilian invasion: 10. See also Naval gunfire support; Naval operations.
    Nazi party: 30, 298, 472
    Nelson: 549
    Netherlands: 6, 44
    Nettuno: 522
    Neville: 143
    New Guinea: 425
    Newspaper correspondents: 390, 429, 431
    Nice: 288, 290, 442, 472
    Nicoletta ridge: 353, 358-60
    Nicoletta River: 353, 358
    Nicosia: 207, 233, 235, 309-15, 319, 324, 327, 336, 374
    Night fighting: 165, 173
    Night flying: 93, 101, 117, 157, 175, 177-80, 181, 424
    Niscemi: 100, 101, 117, 135, 136, 139, 153, 165, 174, 187, 188, 206, 217, 222, 419
    Nocera: 477
    Nolan, Lt. Col. P. W.: 143
    Normandy invasion. See Cross-Channel invasion.
    North Africa; 1, 3-4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 14, 29, 32, 33, 34, 35, 45, 46, 47, 48, 54, 61, 64, 65, 66, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 107, 177, 213, 256, 257, 419, 421, 422, 473, 482, 498, 519, 553
    North African Air Force Troop Carrier Command: 424
    Northwest African Air Forces Troop Carrier Command (NAAFTCC): 93, 175n
    Northwest African Strategic Air Force (NASAF): 108, 379, 380, 411, 411n, 412
    Northwest African Tactical Air Force (NATAF): 102, 107, 379, 380, 411, 411n, 412
    Norway: 3, 4, 27, 45, 436
    Novara di Sicilia: 386, 413
    "Nye, Archie": 64, 65

    Oberbefehlshaber Sued. See Commander in Chief South.
    Oberkommando der Kriegsmarine (OKM): 27, 33n
    Oberkommando der Luftwaffe (OKL): 27, 83
    Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW): 27, 29, 30, 32, 33, 36, 37, 38, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 65, 74, 75, 78, 82, 157n, 203, 240, 241, 244, 263, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 368, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 452, 469, 470, 471, 472, 473, 497, 522, 523, 533-34
    Oberkommando des Heeres (OKH): 27, 32
    Occupation of Italy
      Allied: 12, 17-18, 448. See also Military government.
      German: 283-84, 297-98, 372, 448, 464. See also ACHSE; ALARICH; KONSTANTIN; KOPENHAGEN; SIEGFRIED.
    OKH. See Oberkommando des Heeres.
    OKL. See Oberkommando der Luftwaffe.
    OKM. See Oberkommando der Kriegsmarine.
    OKW. See Oberkommando der Wehrmacht.
    Oliva, Ammiraglio Romeo: 533
    Oliveri: 409
    Operations Division (OPD): 3
    Oran: 94, 95, 102, 108, 493, 498
    Order of battle, German: 297, 298, 444
    Order of battle, Italian: 463
    Orders, Allied. See Directives, Allied.
    Orders, German
      for evacuation of Sicily: 374n, 374-75
      Hitler's secret: 214
      on Italian troops: 534
    Orders, Italian. See also Directives, Italian.
      postarmistice: 514, 515
      Roatta's: 513-14, 517-18, 519, 535. See also Memoria 44.
    Orizaba: 158
    Orlando, Vittorio Emanuele: 281n
    Osborne, Sir D'Arcy Q.: 42, 296, 297, 441, 455, 462, 483
    Ostia: 476
    OVERLORD. See Cross-Channel invasion.

    P-38's: 120, 120n, 194, 261, 412
    P-39's: 261
    P-40's: 73, 261
    P-40 fighter groups: 107
    P-51's: 342
    Paccassi, Flight Officer J. C.: 179
    Pachino peninsula: 52, 61, 62, 63, 91, 123, 163
    Pack Train. See Provisional Pack Train.
    Pact of Steel. See Italo-German alliance.
    Palazzo Caprara: 500, 502, 512, 517, 518
    Palazzolo Acreide: 111, 164-65, 170, 172, 205
    Palermo: 53, 54, 58, 60, 76, 196, 201n, 224, 226, 226n, 230, 233, 234, 238, 245, 256, 256n, 300, 304, 320, 399, 401, 403, 417, 418, 423, 506
      drive for: 235-36, 244-54, 246n
      surrender of: 254
    Palermo naval base: 238
    Palestine: 6
    Palma, Generale di Brigata Vittorio: 517
    Palma di Montechiaro: 98, 99, 192, 197, 235
    Palma River: 129

--600--

    Pantelleria: 52, 63, 107, 119
      Allied assault on: 69-73
      fall of: 72, 73-74, 75
    Parachute Infantry units, U.S.: 424
      Regiment, 504th: 94, 175, 176, 177, 181n, 181-82, 185, 250, 255, 498, 499
      Regiment, 505th: 94, 115, 117, 139, 142, 157, 175, 182, 418, 498, 499
        D-day landings: 117-18, 119
        in Trapani action: 255
      Battalions
        1st, 504th: 175
        1st, 505th: 118, 150
        2d, 504th: 175
        2d, 505th: 117, 119, 142, 156
        2d, 509th: 406
        3d, 504th: 94, 101, 115
        3d, 505th: 119, 142, 144, 168
        376th Field Artillery: 175, 179, 255
        456th Field Artillery: 144
    Parachute landings. See Airdrops.
    Parachute task force, U.S.: 98, 136
    Parachutes: 92, 93
    "Parallel war" concept: 30-32
    Paratroopers, British: 218-19, 219n, 260. See also British Army units, Division, 1st Airborne.
    Paratroopers, German: 204, 218, 500, 514, 516, 523, 525, 527, 537
    Paratroopers, U.S.: 92, 93, 101, 102, 106, 110, 136, 139, 154, 155, 165, 167, 185, 187, 423, 508, 509. See also Airborne units; Parachute Infantry units.
      and airdrop failure: 156-57
      and Allied antiaircraft disaster: 175, 176, 177-78, 179, 181, 181n, 192
      Biazzo Ridge stand: 168-69, 172-73
      D-day operations of: 117, 118-19, 142
      in Piano Lupo drive: 150, 152
    Parks, Air Vice Marshal Keith: 549
    Party of Action, Italian: 42
    Passive resistance, Italian: 447
    Passo Pisciero: 205
    Patrols, U.S.: 155, 156, 170, 187, 193, 198, 217, 233, 254, 304, 321, 329, 330, 346, 347, 365, 386, 404
    Patti: 408
    Patton, General George S., Jr.: 55, 56, 94, 108, 158, 159, 169-70, 174, 174n, 175, 176, 189, 197, 199, 200, 201, 205, 206, 206n, 209, 231, 245, 246n, 252, 253, 257, 349, 380, 390, 391, 406, 408, 412, 421, 423. See also Army, Seventh, U.S.
      and Agrigento drive: 224
      and Alexander: 210, 211, 235-36, 245-46
      and Messina drive: 304, 305, 388-89, 413, 414
      and Palermo: 224, 226, 226n, 235-36, 244, 254
      performance as commander of Seventh Army: 425-26
      rearrangement of forces by: 230-31
      slapping incidents: 426-31
      and tactical planning for Sicilian campaign: 59, 60, 91, 96, 97, 98, 105-06
    Pearl Harbor: 2
    Pelagian Islands: 70, 73, 75
    Peloponnesus: 64, 65, 203
    Perry, Col. Redding L.: 158, 174n
    Pescara: 517, 518, 524, 528, 532
    Pétain, Marshal Henri: 464
    Petralia: 245-46, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 311
    Pettinco: 318, 321
    Philadelphia: 178, 393, 398, 399, 403, 403n
    Photographs. See Aerial photographs.
    Piano Lupo: 101, 119, 135, 136, 139, 150, 153, 154, 156, 164, 168, 169, 171
    Piazza Armerina: 97, 98, 164, 192, 198, 217, 248
    Piccardi, Leopoldo: 531
    Pietraperzia: 198, 217, 232, 233
    Pillboxes, Italian: 133, 139, 141, 143, 144, 251, 253, 353
    Pincer movements, U.S.: 125, 131, 133, 156, 189, 341
    Piper L-4's: 133n, 418
    Piramo: 399
    Pisa: 15, 470
    Pizza Spina: 316-17
    Planes: See Aircraft, Allied; Aircraft, Axis; and by name and designation.
    Planners, Allied. See also Force 141.
      air: 120
      AFHQ: 13, 14, 16, 65-66, 258, 259-60
      CCS: 258-59, 425
      tactical, for Sicilian Campaign: 53, 54, 63, 64, 65-66, 88
    Planners, British: 4, 436
      and armistice terms for Italy: 25-26
      strategic: 15-16, 18, 19, 21, 258, 259
    Planners, U.S.:
      Army vs. Navy, Sicilian invasion: 106
      for GIANT II: 488-89
      logistical, for Sicilian Campaign: 102
      tactical, for Sicilian Campaign: 88
      strategic: 17-19, 258, 259
    Planning. See Assault plans; Strategic planning, Allied; Strategic planning, Axis; Tactical planning, Allied; Tactical planning, Axis.
    Plans. See Air plan; Assault plans; Tactical plan.
    Platani River: 245, 250.
    Ploesti oil fields: 14
    Po valley: 15, 45, 50, 371, 439
    Poggio del Moro: 345
    Poggio Lungo: 133, 197
    Point Braccetto: 141, 144, 145
    Point Branco Grande: 141, 145
    Point Camerina: 141
    Point San Nicola: 127

--601--

    Point Zafaglione: 144
    Pola: 294, 370, 473
    Polack, Col. Fritz: 393, 396, 397, 399-400
    Ponte Dirillo: 100, 118, 119, 135, 141, 142, 143, 164, 168, 172, 173
    Ponte Grande: 121
    Ponte Olivo: 61, 96, 117, 135, 136, 174, 200
    Ponton causeways: 105, 159-60, 174n, 408
    Pope Pius XII: 40, 283
    Port Defense "N," Palermo: 196, 254
    Port-Lyautey: 95
    Port Said: 52
    Porta San Paolo: 530
    Portal, Air Chief Marshal Sir Charles: 11
    Portella di Reccativo: 233, 249, 300, 301
    Porter, Ellis: 504n
    Porter, Lt. Col. Ray W., Jr.: 325
    Porto Empedocle: 110, 209, 224, 226, 228, 230, 235, 256, 256n
    Ports
      Adriatic: 24
      Italian: 67, 68, 457
      Sicilian: 53, 54, 58, 63, 89, 96-97, 98, 110
    Postumia-Ljubljana gap: 436
    Pozzallo: 97
    Pratica di Mare: 286
    Prichard, Lt. Col. Leslie A.: 352
    Priolo: 123, 202
    Prisoners of war, Allied: 447, 454, 468. See also Casualties, British; Casualties, U.S.
    Prisoners of war, Axis: 255, 323, 419, 456n, 457, 468. See also Casualties, Axis; Casualties, German; Casualties, Italian; Prisoners of war, German; Prisoners of war, Italian.
    Prisoners of war, German: 168-69, 173n, 342, 394. See also Casualties, Axis; Casualties, German.
    Prisoners of war, Italian: 139, 223, 228, 253, 314. See also Casualties, Axis; Casualties, Italian.
      return of, promised: 270, 275
      of Germans: 533, 534
    Procyon: 178
    Promemoria 1: 491
    Promemoria 2: 491, 492n, 514
    Propaganda. See also Radio broadcasting, Allied; Radio broadcasting, Italian.
      Allied: 298, 543-44
      German: 524
      Italian: 239-40, 548
    Propaganda officers, Allied: 505
    Provisional Corps. See under Corps, U.S.
    Provisional Mounted Troop: 348
    Provisional Pack Train: 348. See also Mules.
    Prunas, Renato: 297, 455, 461
    Psychological warfare: 272, 275. See also Propaganda; Radio broadcasting, Allied; Radio broadcasting, Italian.
    "Puddle-jumpers". See Piper L-4's.
    Puglia: 244, 263, 282, 368, 452, 471, 473, 522, 534
    Punta delle due Rocche: 133
    Puntoni, Generale di Divisione Paolo: 264, 266, 511

    QUADRANT Conference (Quebec)
      Long terms agreed on: 448-49
      and strategic planning: 435-36, 437, 438-40
    Quebec Memorandum: 447-48, 457, 475, 481, 556-57
    Quebec telegram: 457-58, 460, 461
    Queen Mary: 19
    Quirinal Palace: 511, 512, 527

    Rabat: 94
    Radar: 82, 107
    Raddusa: 224
    Radio Algiers: 508-09
    Radio Bari: 540
    Radio broadcasting, Allied: 278, 508-09. See also British Broadcasting Corporation; Eisenhower, broadcasts to Italians.
    Radio broadcasting, Italian: 488, 513, 515, 516-17, 528, 529, 530. See also Radio Rome.
    Radio communication, Italo-Allied, secret: 459, 461, 466-67, 478, 490, 495-96, 503, 504, 505, 532, 535, 540
    Radio communication, U.S.: 176, 189, 399, 400, 401, 404, 499-500
    Radio Rome: 508, 509, 513
    Radio stations, Axis: 71
    RAF: 107
    Ragusa: 91, 96, 98, 100, 156, 189, 190
    Rahn, Rudolf: 473, 483, 497, 514
    Railroads
      Italian: 24-25, 288, 291, 293, 412, 533
      Sicilian: 256-57, 309
    Railway Operating Battalion, U.S., 727th: 256
    "Raimondi, Signor": 441, 444. See also Castellano, Generale di Brigata Giuseppe.
    Ramsey, Vice Adm. Sir Bertram H.: 89
    Randazzo: 207, 345, 346, 378, 393, 404, 418
      and Axis evacuation of Sicily: 382, 385, 386
      bombing of: 385, 385n
    Ranger Battalions, U.S.: 95, 100, 165, 220, 252-53
      and Axis counterattack: 169-70
      and Gela assault: 136, 137-39, 152-53
      1st: 96
      3d: 96, 125, 200, 227, 391
        in GREEN Beach assault: 131-32
        in Montaperto drive: 228
      4th: 96
    Rapido River: 552
    Ravenna: 15, 445, 459
    Reconnaissance, German: 148, 398. See also Air reconnaissance, Axis.

--602--

    Reconnaissance units, U.S.: 107, 192, 194, 201, 224, 228, 229, 230, 235, 250-51, 253, 304, 312-13, 498
      Battalion, 82d: 174n, 254
      Squadron, 91st; 311, 314, 330, 331
    RED Beach: 125, 133, 141, 161
      assault on: 125-31, 143
      characterized: 126-27
    RED Beach 2: 136, 143, 158, 159, 160
    Reese, Pvt. James W.: 344, 344n
    Regalbuto: 307, 319, 341, 342n
    Reggio di Calabria: 16, 214, 237, 260, 483
    Regimental Combat Teams. See Infantry Regiments, U.S.
    Reinforcements, Axis: 54, 64, 65, 74-75, 203, 204, 212-13, 216, 237, 242, 243, 244, 263, 282, 289, 290-94, 293n, 308, 368, 369, 372, 373, 442, 451, 452, 462, 477, 492, 534
    Reporters. See Newspaper correspondents.
    Reprisals, German: 513
      executions: 533, 534
      threatened: 445, 453, 458, 464, 467, 547
    Reschen Pass: 373
    Reserves, German: 237, 294, 477. See also Mobile reserves, Axis; Reinforcements, Axis.
    Reserves, Italian. See Mobile reserves, Italian.
    Reserves, U.S.: 97-98, 136, 187, 200. See also Floating reserve.
    Resources, Allied: 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 25, 258-59, 261, 262, 278, 436, 437, 439, 449
    Revel, Grand Admiral Paolo Thaon di: 42, 43
    Rhodes: 44, 514
    Ribbentrop, Joachim von: 35n, 36-37, 283, 283n, 369, 371
    Ricci, Umberto: 517, 528, 532
    Richardson, Maj. Gen. A. A.: 549
    Richthofen, Feldmarschall Wolfram Freiherr von: 78, 78n, 241, 295
    Ridgway, Maj. Gen. Matthew B.: 93, 94, 101-02, 108, 182, 254-55, 498, 508
      on airborne forces: 157, 424
      and Allied antiaircraft disaster: 175-76, 179, 184
      and GIANT II: 485, 486, 488, 489, 498, 499
    Riesi: 192, 193, 197, 198, 199, 200
    Rifle grenades: 317
    Rifle support, Axis: 133, 137-38, 139, 144, 343
    Rifle support, U.S.: 150, 152, 317, 340, 402, 304
    Rifle units, U.S.: 189, 344-45, 361, 363, 365, 366, 393, 394, 396, 397, 400
    Rintelen, General der Infanterie Enno von: 32, 33, 33n, 36, 49, 51, 74, 211n, 282, 284, 285, 287, 291, 292n, 369, 372, 452, 471, 472, 473, 510
      on Italian armed forces: 48
      in Italy: 32, 33
      peace moves of: 291, 292-93, 294-95
    Riviera: 472
    Rizzo, Franco Babuzzio: 296
    Road junctions
      Bompietro: 313
      highway: 209, 222
      Maletto: 385
      Piano Lupo: 150, 151, 152, 188
      Y: 135
    Roadblocks: 79, 101, 185, 196, 200, 201, 206, 228, 233, 249, 255, 300, 301, 348, 365, 513, 514
    Roads, Italian. See Via entries.
    Roads, Sicilian: 53, 100, 101, 135, 141, 149, 195-96, 208, 211, 226, 233n, 245, 249, 301, 318, 336, 339-40, 401, 418-19. See also Highway entries.
      Butera: 152
      in Cancicattì area: 198-99, 200
      Cesarò-San Fratello: 352-53, 357
      to Messina: 207
      Niscemi-Piano Lupo: 154, 164, 165, 166, 168
      north coast. See Highway 113.
      Ponte Olivo-Mazzarine: 206
      Santa Croce Camerina Vittoria: 142
    Roatta, Generale di Corpo d'Armata Comandante Designato d'Armata Mario: 47, 76, 77, 79, 214, 215, 242, 263, 275, 281, 282, 285, 286, 287, 288, 290, 293, 294, 368, 372, 373, 374, 441, 452, 455, 458, 460, 462, 466, 479, 490, 491, 491n, 494n, 500, 501, 514, 520, 523, 528, 529, 534, 542, 549
      at Bologna conference: 452-53
      and Castellano's mission: 453-54
      and defense of Italy and Rome: 289, 451, 492, 493, 510, 513-14, 515, 516
      and evacuation of Rome: 517, 518-524
      and German relations: 289, 503, 510, 512, 513-14
      and Italian mainland invasion: 193-94, 495, 496, 502, 503
      orders and directives; 513-14, 515, 517-18, 519, 535. See also Memoria 44.
    Robert Rowan: 177, 179
    Rocca di Mania; 338, 340, 343
    Roccella River: 300
    Rocket launchers. See Bazookas.
    Rodt, Generalmajor Eberhard: 81, 84, 192, 196, 198, 217, 233, 301, 313, 315, 324, 341, 342, 345, 336, 352, 382, 385-87, 388, 401, 405
    Roe: 129
    Rogers, Col. Arthur R.: 125, 357, 358, 361, 401, 408
    Roma: 532-33
    Rome: 14, 24, 38, 68, 71, 72, 441, 442, 444, 448, 449, 452, 458, 467, 472, 484, 499, 500, 501, 502, 503, 505, 512, 513, 514, 515
      and airborne operation by Allies. See GIANT II.
      American mission to: 499-502, 503-05

--603--

      battle for, Germans and Italians: 524-32
      bombing of: 24-25, 250, 278, 279, 292, 442
      defense of: 289, 464, 480, 492, 493, 510, 513-14, 516, 524-32. See also Memoria 44.
      evacuation of: 516-19, 527-28
      German occupation of: 532
      German threat of seizure of: 283, 284, 285, 288, 289, 298, 368, 372, 442, 451-52, 453, 464, 470, 476, 481, 515-16. See also ACHSE, Plan.
      and Italian mainland invasion: 437, 440, 473, 474, 475, 477-78, 522, 531
      liberation of: 551, 552
      as open city: 278-80, 373, 469
    Rommel, Generalfeldmarschall Erwin: 4, 32, 35, 49, 50, 51, 226n, 241, 242, 282, 283, 284, 285, 371-72, 442, 452, 453, 460, 469, 472, 497, 522, 534
    Rooks, Maj. Gen. Lowell S.: 15, 24, 67, 236, 262, 440, 485, 486, 503, 504, 504n, 506n
    Roosevelt, Franklin Delano: 1, 3, 11, 12, 19, 20, 23, 40, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 279, 287, 435, 442, 443, 444, 446, 447, 456n, 458, 461, 462, 507, 535, 540, 544, 547, 548, 549, 550
      and Italian armistice: 274, 276-77, 448, 449, 545, 546
      and strategic planning: 4, 7, 437, 438
    Roosevelt, Brig. Gen. Theodore: 158, 313, 339, 347
    Rose, Brig. Gen. Maurice: 125, 197, 199, 253
    Rosmarino River: 363, 365, 366, 367, 388
    Rossi, Generale di Corpo d'Armata Carlo: 84, 242n, 369, 441, 452-53, 465, 490, 491, 494, 494n, 495, 496, 500, 501, 505, 510
      and armistice announcement: 503, 504, 519-20
      and GIANT II: 495, 496, 503
    ROUNDHAMMER: 437. See also Cross-Channel invasion.
    ROUNDUP: 3, 5. See also Cross-Channel invasion.
    Rowan. See Robert Rowan.
    Royal Air Force, Malta Command: 107
    Ruini, Meuccio: 531
    Rumania: 8, 12, 40, 44, 298
    Rundstedt, Generalfeldmarschall Gerd von: 283, 284, 288, 472-73
    Russia. See Russo-German campaign; Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
    Russo-German campaign: 22, 23, 32, 35, 45, 46, 241, 244, 417, 435, 445, 458

    Sabotage, Italian: 447, 497
    St. George's Hotel: 56
    Salemi: 255
    Salerno: 262-63, 368, 449, 452, 465, 471, 482, 498, 500, 503
    Salerno landings: 482, 505, 509, 520, 521, 522, 524, 530, 531, 535, 536, 540, 541, 552. See also Italian mainland invasion.
    Salonika: 445
    Salso River: 97, 99, 232, 233, 245
    Salvi, Col. Giorgio: 500, 518, 519, 525, 528
    Sampieri: 176
    Samuel Chase: 108
    San Fratello: 349-67, 374, 380, 382, 388, 393, 418, 419
    San Gregorio: 344
    San Marco d'Alunzio: 365, 366
    San Michele di Ganzeria: 202
    San Nicola Rock: 127
    San Oliva Station: 128
    Sandalli, Generale di Divisione Aerea Renato: 492, 511, 517, 549
    Sangro River: 552
    Santa Caterina: 233, 246, 248
    Santa Croce Camerina: 142, 156
    Santa Ninfa: 255
    Santa Teresa: 412, 414
    Sant'Agata: 352, 363, 365
    Santo Stefano di Camastra: 214, 307-08, 321-23, 348, 352, 360
    Sanzi, Alfredo: 530n
    Sardinia: 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 22n, 23, 24, 45, 46, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 67, 73, 74, 109, 110, 203, 239, 258, 259, 283, 284, 438, 453, 459, 460, 463, 464, 471, 473, 481, 493, 494, 506, 515, 535, 541, 542, 543
      defenses of: 75, 76
      invasion plan. See BRIMSTONE.
      and MINCEMEAT: 64, 65
    Sarno: 477
    Savannah: 137, 137n, 170
    Scaletta: 414
    Schacht, Capt. Hans: 526
    Schaefer, Lt. Col. Irving O.: 144
    Schaefer, Lt. Col. William: 142, 143, 155, 155n
    Scheel. See Vietinghoff gennant Scheel, General der Panzertruppen Heinrich von.
    Schmalz, Col. Wilhelm: 123, 147n, 148, 191, 204, 216, 219, 240
    Schmundt, Generalmajor Rudolf: 287
    Schreiber, Generale di Brigata Ottorino: 197-98, 200, 217
    SCHWARZ, Operation: 452
    Sciacca: 251
    Scoglitti: 97, 98, 100, 141, 143, 144, 161, 165, 177, 256n, 418, 419
    Scordia: 207
    Scorza, Count Carlo: 39, 267, 549, 551
    Scout planes: 151n
    Seaborne Operations, Allied: 259, 498-99, 500, 508, 509. See also Amphibious operations, Allied.
    Second Front, Axis: 240-41, 242
    Senger und Etterlin, Generalleutnant Fridolin von: 82, 148, 163, 170, 172, 173, 203, 204, 205, 214, 215, 223, 237, 309, 375

--604--

    Senise, Carmine: 39
    Serradifalco: 233
    Sfax: 92
    Shelly, 1st Lt. M. C.: 181
    Sherman, Col. Harry B.: 125, 129, 227, 401
    Ship-to-shore operations: 100, 105
    Shipping, Allied: 6, 7, 8, 10, 16, 17, 18, 60, 62, 73, 105, 159, 177, 320, 473, 486
    Shipping, Italian: 485
    Ships. See Naval vessels, Allied: Naval vessels, Axis.
    Shore parties, U.S.: 161, 170n, 171, 401, 403. See also Beach parties; Naval salvage parties.
    Shore-to-shore operations: 100, 105
    Short (military) terms: 273, 274, 276, 277, 447, 448, 449, 461, 462, 465, 541, 549, 558
      negotiations over: 455-59. See also Cassibile conference.
      QUADRANT, discussion of: 448, 449
      signing of: 483, 484, 501
    Shortages, German: 37
    Shortages, Italian: 37, 81, 298, 457, 459-60, 480, 485, 500, 502, 542-43
    Shorter bridgehead line. See Tortorici line.
    Shubrick: 137, 137n, 152
    Sicily: 1, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 33, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 73, 75, 269, 275, 282, 283, 284, 295, 459, 465, 473, 498, 499, 508, 541, 551. See also Evacuation of Sicily, Axis.
      Axis defenses on: 66, 75-77, 79-80, 83, 84, 86-87, 126-27, 163
      geographical features: 52-53. See also Terrain, of Sicily.
      strategic importance of: 52, 213
    SIEGFRIED: 284
    Signal communications, Italian: 79-80, 163
    Signal Corps, U.S.: 419
    Signal units, U.S.: 498
    Signals, U.S.: 195
    Sillian Pass: 373
    Simeto River: 207, 218, 219, 223, 224, 385, 393
    Skorzeny, Capt. Otto: 284, 285, 286, 368, 452, 470, 536, 537
    Sladen, Lt. Col. Fred W., Jr.: 359, 360, 361
    SLEDGEHAMMER: 3n
    Slovenia: 32
    Small arms support, Allied: 154, 170
    Small arms support, Axis: 169, 300, 318, 321, 330, 338, 344, 358, 402
    Small craft, Italian: 546
    Small craft, U.S.: 160, 379
    Smith, Col. George A.: 159, 303, 341
    Smith, Maj. Gen. Walter B.: 11, 24, 444n, 455n, 485, 546, 547, 549
      and armistice negotiations: 455, 457, 457-58, 458n, 459, 460, 462, 463, 474, 475, 476, 478, 482, 483, 484, 548
      and Italian mainland invasion: 489, 490
    Smoke screens: 131, 401
    Smythe, Col. George W.: 343, 382, 385
    Snipers: 321, 400
    Socialist Party, Italian: 42
    SOC's: 147n
    Sogno, Generale di Corpo d'Armata Vittorio: 527-28
    Soleri, Marcello: 43
    Soleti: 537
    Solinas, Generale di Brigata Gioacchino: 525, 529
    Somervell, Lt. Gen. Brehon B.: 8
    Sommatino: 192, 197, 199, 200
    Sorice, Generale di Brigata in Riserva Antonio: 282, 511, 517, 518, 527, 528, 529
      and armistice renunciation: 511
      and capitulation to Germans: 530, 531
    Sousse: 70
    South Tyrol: 373, 533
    Southern France: 4, 12, 15, 17, 22, 32, 45, 46, 65, 67, 435, 436, 438, 439, 472. See also France.
    Soviet Union. See Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
    Spaatz, Lt. Gen. Carl: 182, 379
    Spadafora: 413, 414, 415
    Spain: 5, 8, 43, 45, 46, 55, 65
    Spanish Morocco: 55
    Sperlinga: 301, 312, 314, 336
    Spitfires: 107, 261, 339, 340
    SS agents: 492
    Stalin, Marshal Joseph: 11, 34, 35, 458, 545, 546
    Stalingrad: 1, 34, 37, 213, 372
    Stark, Admiral Harold R.: 2n
    State Department, U.S.: 19, 26, 269, 273, 279, 449
    Stato Maggiore Generale. See Comando Supremo.
    Stato Maggiore Regia Aeronautica (Superaereo): 29, 491
    Stato Maggiore Regia Marina (Supermarina): 29, 33n, 71, 72, 110, 491, 533n
    Stato Maggio Regio Esercito (Superesercito): 29-30, 49, 77, 216, 281, 307n, 369
    Steamboats, Italian: 378
    Stefanis, de, Generale di Corpo d'Armata Giuseppe: 292, 510, 511, 515, 518, 524
    Stephenson, Lt. Col. Edward F.: 144
    Sternberg, Lt. Col. Ben: 185
    Stimson, Henry L.: 437, 438
    Stolfi, Dr. Edoardo: 529-30
    Storch aircraft: 537-38
    Strait of Gibraltar: 82
    Strait of Messina. See Messina Strait.
    Strategic planning, Allied: 1-26, 66-67, 258-63, 268-69, 278, 435-40

--605--

    Strategic planning, Axis: 34-35, 37-38, 213, 368
    Strength, Allied: 8-9, 53, 107, 203, 212, 262, 417n, 421, 424, 425, 468, 474, 475, 477, 479, 512
    Strength, Axis: 32, 47, 48, 53, 63, 64, 226-27, 238, 301-02, 449, 458, 459, 477, 500, 501, 513, 535
    Strikes, Italian labor: 39
    Strong, Brigadier Kenneth D.: 455, 455n, 459, 460, 462, 463, 474, 485, 506, 506n, 507
    Student, Generaloberst Kurt: 157n, 284, 285, 286, 368, 452, 526, 536, 537
    Submarines, Axis: 1, 37, 38, 70, 73, 82, 213
    Suez Canal: 1
    Superaereo. See Stato Muggiore Regia Aeronautica.
    Superesercito. See Stato Maggiore Regio Esercito.
    Supermarina. See Stato Maggiore Regia Marina.
    Supplies, Allied: 54, 63, 131, 146, 160, 161, 174, 258-59, 311, 348, 352, 420. See also Logistical operations.
    Supplies, Axis: 37, 47, 77, 79, 82, 445, 452, 469, 477
    Supplies, Italian. See Shortages, Italian.
    Supply ships, Allied: 256
    Supply trains: 348
    Surprise. See Tactical surprise.
    Surrender of Italy: 25-26, 39-40, 273, 275, 448, 477, 482, 496, 499, 523, 552. See also Armistice, Italo-Allied; Capitulation, Italian; Unconditional surrender, for Italy.
    Surrender of Sicily: 25
    Susan B. Anthony: 178
    Swanson: 45
    Sweden: 45
    Swing, Maj. Gen. Joseph M.: 175, 176, 423, 425
    Swingler, 1st Lt. H. H.: 119, 173
    Switzerland: 43
    Syracuse: 53, 54, 58, 61, 89, 91, 92, 97, 111, 120, 123, 163, 164, 203. See also Naval Base Augusta-Syracuse.

    Tabellini, Generale di Divisione Ugo: 529
    Tactical Bomber Force: 107
    Tactical planning, Allied (Sicilian Campaign). See also Assault plans.
      air operations: 59. See also Air plan.
      airborne operations: 88-89, 92-94, 101-02, 485-89, 498-99
      Allied armies' missions: 209-211, 235, 236, 245-46, 319, 420, 422-23
      for amphibious operations: 53-54, 58, 59, 60-63, 66, 88-89, 91-92, 96-100, 103-07, 135-36, 406, 408, 413-14
      basic plan and modifications: 58-63, 206-07, 209-11, 248-49, 419-20, 422-23
      ground operations: 58-59, 60-63, 89-101, 135-36, 141-42, 421-23
      for Messina drive: 234-35, 245, 246, 248, 319, 413-14
      naval operations: 59, 89, 100, 106
      for Nicosia attack: 314
      for Palermo drive: 234-36, 244-46
      for Troina attack: 333-34, 336-37
    Tactical planning, Axis. See also ALARICH, Plan; Feltre conference; KONSTANTIN, Plan.
      to block Allied advance: 192
      for counterattacks in Sicily: 147-49, 164-65, 170, 172, 196, 197-98
      and dual command: 307-09
      for Sicily's defense: 83-87, 120-21, 212-14
      withdrawal and defensive lines: 202-03
    Tactical surprise: 65-66, 70, 102, 106, 120, 322, 366, 396, 537
    Tagliavia, Lieutenant: 504, 505
    Tangier: 298
    Tank destroyers, U.S.: 499
    Tank units, U.S.: 102, 160, 194, 199, 352, 408. See also Armored units.
      at Monte Cipolla: 393, 394, 396, 397
      Corps: 95
      Battalions
        70th Light: 232, 314
        753d Medium: 233, 314, 318
        813th Tank Destroyer: 499
    Tanks, British: 219
    Tanks, German: 75, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 223, 232, 344, 399, 401, 500, 524-25
      in Brolo action: 402-03
      in Casa del Priolo action: 187
      in counterattack in Sicily: 154, 166-67, 168, 170, 171, 171n
      losses: 171-72n
      Mark III: 148, 149n, 167, 171n
      Mark IV: 148, 149n, 167, 171n, 363, 485
      Mark VI (Tiger): 148, 148n, 154, 171n, 172, 187, 188, 298
    Tanks, Italian: 230n
      in Gela counterattack: 150, 151n, 151-52
      Renault: 151n, 363
    Tanks, U.S.: 99, 131, 136, 158, 159, 174n, 179, 188, 197, 199, 208, 253, 306n, 397. See also Armored units; Tanks units.
      light: 232, 253, 301, 302, 314
      M3: 129n
      M7: 129, 129n
      medium: 194, 314, 363
    Taormina: 33, 111, 163, 412
    Taranto: 67, 260, 262, 481, 505, 532, 541
    Tarvis: 472
    Tarvis conference: 287, 294, 298, 369-71, 373, 451, 452, 472
    Tarvis pass: 373, 442, 472

--606--

    Task Force Bernard: 352, 360, 361, 363, 380, 388n, 393-405
    Task Force X, U.S.: 252, 254-55
    Task forces, Allied: 55-56, 58. See also Task Force Bernard; Force 343; Force 545; Naval Task Force entries.
    Task forces, Italian: 78
    Taylor, Lt. Col. Earl A.: 144, 155-56
    Taylor, Brig. Gen. George A.: 136, 139, 152n, 187, 188, 336, 339
    Taylor, Brig. Gen. Maxwell D.: 486, 489, 499, 500, 500n, 501, 502, 503, 504, 506, 507, 510, 519, 541n
    Taylor, Myron C.: 40
    Tedder, Air Chief Marshal Sir Arthur: 11, 13, 15, 22n, 24, 55, 59, 61, 62, 88, 182, 278, 378, 379, 420, 549
    Telephone communications, German: 410, 515, 523
    Telephone communications, Italian: 147, 148, 189, 533
    Termini Imerese: 300
    Terrain. See also Beaches, landing.
      Italian: 259, 552
      of Sicily: 97, 100, 101, 135, 154, 208, 245, 250, 302, 305, 309, 322, 324, 348, 358, 359, 360, 387, 389, 401-02, 408, 553. See also YELLOW Line.
        of Monte Cipolla area: 393
        of San Fratello area: 352-53
        of Tortorici line: 382
        around Troina: 325-29, 339
    Terrana Creek: 135
    Terranova: 399, 400
    Thessaly: 453
    Thunderbirds. See Infantry divisions, U.S., 45th.
    Tiber River: 485, 486, 488, 498-99, 500, 508, 509, 516
    Timberlake, Brig. Gen. Patrick W.: 485
    Tinley, Maj. Philip C.: 336, 337
    Tirana: 514
    Tittmann, Harold: 296, 443
    Tivoli: 516, 517, 518, 519, 524, 529
    Toffey, Lt. Col. John J., Jr.: 253, 255
    Tomasello, Col. Michele: 416
    TORCH. See North Africa.
    Torpedo-bombers, Italian: 399
    Torpedo plane squadron: 214
    Torretta, Della: 265
    Tortorici (shorter bridgehead) line: 345, 345n, 378, 382, 391, 404
    Toulon: 472
    Toussaint, General der Infanterie Rudolf: 473, 512, 523
    Trabia, Lt. Galvano Lanza di: 454
    Train ferry, Italian: 378, 410
    Traniello, Generale di Brigata Ottaviano: 529
    "Trans-Divs": 105
    Transportation. See Ferrying service, German; Ferrying service, Italian; Railroads.
    Transports, air, Allied: 115
    Transports, U.S.: 161, 177
    Trapani: 110, 111, 254, 255
    Treasury Department, U.S.: 26
    Tremestieri: 416
    TRIDENT Conference: 6, 19-23, 24, 66, 258, 260-69, 436, 437, 438, 448
    Trieste: 473
    Tripoli: 4, 57, 107, 498
    Troina: 207, 320, 323, 352, 418
      battle of: 331-47
      defense of, U.S. estimates: 325, 328, 331, 333, 337
      terrain characteristics: 325-29, 339
    Troina River: 337, 338, 340, 343
    Troop Carrier Command: 157, 176, 182, 498, 508
    Troop Carrier Groups
      314th: 179
      316th: 180
    Troop Carrier Wings, U.S.
      51st: 92, 115
      52d: 93, 101, 115, 157, 175, 182n, 424
    Troop carriers, Allied: 101-02, 108. See also C-47's.
      attacked by friendly antiaircraft: 175, 176, 177-80, 181-84, 218
      failure of: 157, 423, 424
    Troop movements, German: 372-73, 442, 472, 492, 510, 514-15. See also Evacuation of Sicily; German Army, in Italy: German Army, in Sicily.
    Troop movements, Italian: 373. See also Evacuation of Sicily; Withdrawal, Italian to Tivoli.
    Troop transports. See Transports.
    Troops, Allied. See also Army, U.S., entries; British Army units; Corps, U.S.; Infantry entries; Divisions, Allied; Task force entries.
      airborne: 10
      in North Africa: 9
    Troops, Axis. See German Army; German Army units; Italian Army; Italian Army units.
    Troops, British: 72, 89. See also British Army units; Glider troops, British.
    Troops U.S.: 56, 89, 210n, 211, 422. See also Army, Seventh, U.S.; Corps, U.S.; Infantry entries.
    Truce, Italo-German: 525-27, 530. See also Capitulation, Italian.
    Trucks, German: 290
    Truscott, Maj. Gen. Lucian K., Jr.: 98, 99, 103, 108, 125, 129n, 133, 155, 192, 197, 198, 199, 200, 206, 226n, 227, 229, 235, 254, 357, 358, 361, 363, 366, 388, 389, 402, 405, 406, 408, 415, 416, 426

--607--

      and Agrigento drive: 224, 226-27
      career of: 95
      and Messina drive: 414
      and Monte Cipolla: 389-91, 399, 401, 404
      and Naso ridge link-up: 389, 390
      and San Fratello action: 348, 349, 352, 357, 358, 360
    Tucker, Col. Reuben H.: 175, 179, 182
    Tunis: 46, 49, 269, 505
    Tunisia: 5, 8, 9, 34, 48, 56, 60, 61, 64, 92, 107, 175, 275, 488, 498
    Tunisian Campaign: 8, 10, 20, 46, 55, 88, 374
    Turin: 288, 442, 494, 517
    Turin-Lyons railway: 442
    Turkey: 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 15, 17, 18, 24, 43, 44, 436
    Tusa ridge: 318, 321, 322
    Tusa River: 318, 321
    Tyrol. See South Tyrol.
    Tyrrhenian coast: 67
    Tyrrhenian islands: 14
    Tyrrhenian Sea: 45

    Ulich, Col. Max: 318, 322
    Unconditional surrender: 239, 277, 279, 298, 447, 448, 449, 458, 460, 462
      British view: 12
      for Italy: 11, 12, 19, 25, 39, 44, 51, 269, 271, 273, 274, 442, 443, 444, 445, 446, 447, 464, 484, 512, 542, 550. See also Long terms.
      Roosevelt's demand for: 11-12, 19
    Union of Soviet Socialist Republics: 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 21, 26, 29, 38, 44, 47, 464. See also Russo-German campaign.
      and Italy's peace efforts: 34, 38
      and strategic planning: 3-4, 23
    Unit of fire. See Logistical operations, Allied; Maintenance, Allied.
    United Kingdom. See Great Britain.
    Ustica Island: 500
    Utili, Generale di Brigata Umberto: 293, 440, 441, 515, 518, 519

    V of V's formation: 101, 117, 175
    Valetta Harbor: 549
    Valguarnera: 233
    Valiant: 533
    Vandervoort, Maj. Benjamin H.: 168, 169
    Vassallo, Major: 482
    Vatican: 40, 41, 274, 278-79, 283, 468
    Vatican City: 24, 26, 296, 475
    Vehicles, German: 37, 320, 365, 398, 451. See also Tanks, German.
    Vehicles, Italian: 493, 525
    Vehicles, U.S.: 252, 409. See also Dukws; Half-tracks, U.S.; Tanks, U.S.
    Velletri: 515
    Venturi, Colonel: 191
    Verlet, Capt. Guido: 340
    Via Appia: 515
    Via Cassia: 523
    Via Claudia: 523
    Via dell'Empero: 531
    Via Laurentina: 515, 525
    Via Ostiense: 515, 516, 525
    Via Tiburtina: 516, 517, 518, 524
    Vichy France: 32
    Victor Emmanuel III, King: 28, 29, 270, 271, 273, 281, 283, 285, 286, 287, 297, 298, 306, 369, 371, 373, 440, 441, 453, 464, 467, 468, 474, 477, 483, 484, 493, 513, 514, 518, 519, 529, 532, 536, 539, 540, 544, 548, 552. See also Monarchy.
      and armistice: 441, 457, 466, 480, 510, 511, 512-13, 549
      and Badoglio government: 453, 481
      and Caviglia: 527, 531
      described by Mason-MacFarlane: 542
      and evacuation of Rome: 528
      and Germany alliance: 553
      and Government of Italy, postarmistice: 544, 546-48, 551
      and Grandi: 548, 549, 551
      and Mussolini's overthrow: 42-44, 239, 264, 265, 266-68
      peace efforts of: 239
      power of: 267, 281, 547-48
      and war declaration against Germany: 547, 549
    Vietinghoff gennant Scheel, General der Panzertruppen Heinrich von: 470, 471
    Villa San Giovanni: 376
    Villach-Klagenfurt: 373
    Villafrati: 300
    Villarosa: 248, 249
    Vitetti, Leonardo: 371
    Vittoria: 100, 141, 142, 155, 163, 164, 168, 172, 418
    Vittorio Veneto: 532-33
    Vizzini: 96, 172, 202, 205, 207, 208, 209, 215, 219, 220, 224
    Volturno River: 477, 552
    VULCAN: 66

    War criminals: 272, 274, 276
    War Department, U.S.: 279
    War Plans Division: 3
    Warlimont, General der Artillerie Walter: 37, 50, 369, 371, 375
    Warspite: 533
    Wasten, Lt. Col. Charles N.: 426

--608--

    Watkinson, Mr.: 299
    Waybur, 1st Lt. David C.: 230n
    Weapons, Allied: 553. See also Guns, U.S.; Weapons, U.S.
    Weapons, German: 376, 377, 476. See also Guns, German.
      antitank: 377
      automatic: 358
    Weapons, Italian: 476, 529. See also Guns, Italian.
    Weapons, U.S.: 485. See also Guns, U.S.; Howitzers, U.S.; Mortars, U.S.
    Weapons support, U.S.: 361, 394. See also Artillery support, U.S.
    Weather conditions, and Sicilian invasion: 89, 108, 115, 123, 125, 139
    Wedemeyer, Maj. Gen. Albert C.: 16n, 235, 436
    Wehrmacht: 27, 473. See also German Army.
    Wehrmachtfuehrungsstag (WFSt): 27, 368
    Weichold, Vice Adm. Eberhard: 33n
    Weizsaecker, Ernst von: 293
    Welles, Sumner: 279
    Wellington bombers, British: 278, 376, 379, 410, 411
    Westphal, General der Artillerie Siegfried: 78, 375, 503, 510, 512, 513, 523, 525-26, 530
    White, Col. I. D.: 158
    Whiteley, General J. F. M.: 440
    Wiart, de, Lt. Gen. Sir Adrian Carton: 454, 461, 463
    Williams, Brig. Gen. Paul L.: 175n, 182
    Wilson, General Sir Henry Maitland: 64, 436
    Withdrawals, Axis. See also Promemoria 2.
      German, in Italy: 470, 552
      Italian, to Tivoli: 516-19, 524-25, 529
      in Sicilian Campaign: 202-03, 205, 216-17, 217n, 219, 223-24, 233, 234, 238, 245, 314, 315, 325, 345-46, 357, 366, 404, 405. See also Evacuation of Sicily.
    Wood's Hole beaches. See GREEN Beach; RED Beach; YELLOW Beach.
    World War I: 30, 551
    Wyman, Col. Willard G.: 347

    Yates, 1st Lt. Ralph J.: 416
    YELLOW Beach: 125, 133, 141, 144, 158, 159, 161
    YELLOW Beach 2: 136, 142, 144, 145
    YELLOW Line: 98, 99, 185-201, 206, 207, 208, 222, 223
    York, Lt. Col. Robert H.: 187
    Yugoslavia: 15, 17, 24, 37, 38, 261, 445

    Zanussi, Generale Addetto al Capo di Stato Maggiore Giacomo: 440, 441, 453, 467, 477, 480, 484, 506, 512, 515, 517, 518, 520, 542, 552
      at Cassibile conference: 474, 475, 476, 478
      and Castellano: 455, 462, 463, 474, 478-79
      peace mission of: 454-55, 461-65, 466, 467
    Zappulla River: 382, 388, 389, 401
    Zeitzler, General der Infanterie Kurt: 294-95
    Zingales, Generale di Corpo d'Armata Francesco: 84
    ZITADELLE: 213
    Zuckerman, Professor S.: 70n

--609--

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