Administration
of the
Navy Department
in
World War II

by
Rear Admiral
JULIUS AUGUSTUS FURER
USN (Retired)

with a Foreword by
The Honorable CHARLES EDISON
The Secretary of the Navy
1939-1940

and in introduction by
Rear Admiral ERNEST McNEILL ELLER
USN (Retired)
Director, Naval History Division

WASHINGTON 1959

 


Contents

Chapter   Page
Foreword V
Introduction VII
Preface XI
I. The Naval Establishment--An Overall Survey 1
  Definitions 1
  Navy Department, Shore Establishment, Operating Forces 1
  U.S. Naval Policy and the Mission of the Navy 2
  Early History 2
  The Navy Commissioners 5
  Underlying Reasons for Organizational Changes 7
  Task Concept of Navy Department Administration 9
  Policy Control 9
  Naval Command 10
  Logistics Administration and Control 10
  Business Administration 11
  Organizational Development of Navy Department in World War II 13
  Civilian Executive Assistants 15
  Professional Naval Assistants 15
  Naval Command Assistant 15
  Chief of Naval Operations 16
          Deputy Chief for Air 16
  Deputy Chief for Operations 16
  Deputy Chief for Administration 17
  Deputy Chief for Personnel 17
  Deputy Chief for Logistics 17
  Naval Inspector General 17
 
  Naval Technical Assistants 18
  Bureau of Yards and Docks 18
  Bureau of Ships 18
  Bureau of Supplies and Accounts 19
  Bureau of Ordnance 19
  Bureau of Medicine and Surgery 19
  Bureau of Naval Personnel 19
  Bureau of Aeronautics 19
  Headquarters, United States Marine Corps 19
  Coast Guard 20
  Judge Advocate General 20
  Office of Procurement and Material (later Office of Naval Material) 20
  Coordinator of Research and Development (later Naval Research) 20
 
  The Shore Establishment 20
  Naval Districts 21
  The Operating Forces 22
  Personnel 25
  Naval Personnel 26
  Civilian Personnel 31
  Statistical Summary 34
II. Secretary of the Navy 36
  Introduction 36
  Secretarial Backgrounds 39
  Pre-Pearl Harbor International Situation 41
  The President 44
  Congress 47
  Other Government Departments 50
  Navy Department Office Buildings 51
  Policy with respect to Personal Contacts 52
  Assistant Secretaries 54
  Under Secretary of the Navy 55
  The Navy between World Wars I and II 56
  Allocation of Duties of Secretary, Under and Assistant Secretary--1940
  Initiation of Emergency Shipbuilding Program 63
  The Paramount Task 64
  The Executive Office of the Secretary 66
  On 1 September 1939 68
  On 10 March 1945 69
  Management Surveys 70
  Administrative Office 72
  Administrative Assistant to Secretary 72
  Budget Office 73
  Statistical Division 73
  Boards 73
  Wage Board of Review 74
  Board of Inspection and Survey 74
  Naval Examining Board, Board of Medical Examiners, Naval Retiring Board 74
  Naval Clemency and Prison Inspection Board; Board of Review, Discharges, and Dismissals; Naval Retiring Review Board 75
  Board of Decorations and Medals 75
  Board of Production Awards 75
  Shore Station Development Board 76
  Offices 76
  Office of Petroleum Reserves 76
  Coordinator of Research and Development 76
  Office of Patents and Inventions 77
  Office of Navy Photographic Services 77
  Office of Public Relations 77
  Office of Naval History 77
  Responsibilities for Personnel 80
  U.S. FLeet Commanders 83
  Pearl Harbor Attack 87
  The Investigations 88
  Roberts Commission 88
  Hart Inquiry 90
  Navy Court of Inquiry 91
  Hewitt Inquiry 92
  Joint Congressional Committee 93
  War Warnings 94
  The Lessons of the Pearl Harbor Experience 100
III. Chief of Naval Operations--Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Fleet 102
  Background 102
  General Staff Argument 103
  Operating Boards 105
  General Board 107
  Naval Aide System 108
  Chief of Naval Operations 109
  The CNO Authority Controversy 111
  Organization of the Office of CNO 115
  Assistant Chief of Naval Operations--Op-11 117
  The Director of the Central Division--Op-13 118
  Communications Division--Op 20 118
  Naval Reserve Policy Division--Op-15 119
  Naval Intelligence--Op-16 119
  Inspection Division--Op-21 120
  Fleet Training Division--Op-22 121
  Fleet Maintenance Division--Op-23 121
  Ship Movements Division--Op-38 122
  Naval Districts Division--Op-30 122
  War Plans Division--Op-12 123
  Coordinating Logistics 124
  Commander-in-Chief, United States Fleet 125
  Inception and Early Development 125
  COMINCH Headquarters Personnel 129
  CNO-COMINCH Relationships 130
  CNO Interim Changes 135
  COMINCH Headquarters Organization 138
  Plans Division (F-1) 142
  Operations Division (F-3) 149
  Readiness Division (F-4) 152
  Combat Intelligence Division (F-2) 156
  Tenth Fleet (FX-01) 159
  Naval Inspector General 162
  CNO Organizational Developments 163
  Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Air) 164
  Navy Inventory Control Office 165
  Ship Characteristics Board 166
  Demobilization 167
  Post-war Organization 167
IV. Fleet Organization 171
  Background 171
  Modern Fleet Concepts 173
  Organization by Types 174
  Origin of United States Fleet 174
  Amphibious Forces 176
  Short-of-War Fleet Organization and Distribution 177
  General Order No. 143 of 3 February 1941 178
  Sea Frontier Forces 180
  Internal Reorganization and Reallocations 181
  The Atlantic Naval Deployment 183
  Pacific Fleet 186
  Task Forces and Numbered Fleets 188
  Area Commanders 191
  New Naval Ship Types 192
  Summary 193
V. The Bureau System 195
  Early History 195
  The Bureaus Established 198
  Additional Bureaus 199
  Merger of C&R and Engineering 201
  Cognizance 203
  Structure of Naval Appropriation Acts 205
  The Bureau System and the Operating Forces 206
  Naval Personnel in the Bureaus 208
  Summing Up 208
VI. Bureau of Ships 210
  Origin and Early History 210
  Decline in Shipbuilding after World War I 213
  Merger of Shipbuilding Bureaus 217
  Organization 222
  Administrative Division 222
  War Plans Division 224
  Shipbuilding Division 225
  Maintenance Division 225
  Design Division 225
  Radio Division 230
  Inspection 233
  Personnel 234
  Master Plan for Maximum Ship Construction 238
  Controlled Materials Plan 239
  Plant Facilities 240
  Financing the Expansion 244
  Repairs and Conversions 245
  Development in Ship Types during World War II 246
  Battleships (BB) 246
  Heavy Cruisers (CA) 247
  Battle Cruisers (CB) 247
  Light Cruisers (CL) 249
  Aircraft Carriers (CV) 249
  Destroyers (DD) 250
  Destroyer Escorts (DE) 251
  Submarines (SS) 251
  Landing Craft 252
  Auxiliaries and Miscellaneous Craft 253
  Salvage 254
  Manpower and Labor Relations 257
  Selective Service 259
  Summary 260
VII. Bureau of Naval Personnel 262
  Background 262
  Administrative Responsibilities and Organization 265
  Procurement 269
  Career Officers 269
  The Naval Reserve 272
  Direct Procurement of Naval Reserve Officers 273
  Reserve Naval Aviator Procurement 274
  Staff Corps and Specialists 274
  Reserve Midshipmen Schools 275
  V-12 Program 276
  Officer Procurement from Warrant and Enlisted Ranks 277
  Procurement of Enlisted Personnel 277
  Wave Procurement 281
  Wave Distribution 282
  Training 282
  Officers 285
  Enlisted Personnel 286
  Distribution 288
  Officers 288
  Enlisted Personnel 293
  Performance 295
  Officer Promotion 295
  Spot Promotions 298
  Enlisted Promotions 299
  Decorations 301
  Discipline 301
  Discharges 302
  Welfare 304
  Chaplain's Corps 305
  Negroes in the Navy 307
  Planning and Control 309
  Summary 311
VIII. Bureau of Ordnance 312
  Mission and Background 312
  Science and Weapons 315
  Bureau Organization 316
  Officer Personnel 323
  Civilian Personnel 326
  Inspection of Ordnance Material 326
  Naval Ordnance Development in World War II 328
  Weapons and Countermeasures 329
  Armor and Major Caliber Guns 330
  Ammunition 330
  Projectiles 333
  Mines and Mine Countermeasures 334
  Gunnery and Fire Control 336
  Torpedoes 337
  Guns 341
  The Proximity Fuze 344
  Summary 351
IX. Bureau of Aeronautics 352
  Introduction 352
  Background 352
  World War I 352
  Mitchell Attack 357
  Establishment of the Bureau 358
  BuAer in the Short-of-War Period 1939-1941 362
  Planning 367
  Business Machines 369
  Foreign Aviation Intelligence 369
  Aircraft Procurement 370
  Aircraft Production 372
  Aircraft Inspection 374
  Termination Procedures 375
  Summary of Production Accomplishments 376
  Aviation Shore Establishment 376
  Summary of Aviation Shore Establishment Development 381
  Aviation Personnel and Training 382
  Operating Activities 388
  Relations with other activities 390
  Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Air) 391
  Effect on BuAer Administration 393
  Integrated Aeronautic Program (IAP) 394
  Summary 397
X. Bureau of Yards and Docks 399
  Background 399
  Shore Station Development 401
  Bureau Organization 406
  Management Survey 408
  Reorganization of December 1941 410
  Administration and Personnel Department 410
  Progress Control and Statistical Department 411
  Finance and Operating Department 412
  Planning and Design Department 413
  Construction Department 414
  Advance Base Department 416
  Chief Planning Officer 417
  Chief Inspector 418
  Assistant Chief of Bureau 418
  Field Organizations 419
  The Seabees 421
  Seabee Specials 423
  Seabee Organization 423
  The Civil Engineer Corps 424
  Officer Training 426
  Summary 426
XI. The Bureau of Supplies and Accounts 429
  Early History 429
  Summary of Duties in World War II 433
  Procurement 436
  Negotiated Contracts 437
  Procurement Responsibilities 442
  Revolving Funds 443
  Naval Stock Fund 443
  Inventory Control 445
  Navy Standard Stock Catalog 446
  Decentralization of Purchasing 448
  Contract Termination 449
  Storage 449
  Fuel 450
  Food 452
  Clothing 455
  Ship's Stores 456
  Transportation 458
  Fiscal Responsibilities 460
  Disbursing 460
  Accounting 464
  Cost Inspection 470
  Aviation Supply 472
  Planning Division 473
  Civilian Personnel 476
  Officer Personnel 477
  General Inspector of the Supply Corps 479
  Summing up 479
XII. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery 480
  Historical Background 480
  Naval Personnel of the Medical Department 483
  Medical Corps 483
  Dental Corps 483
  Hospital Corps 484
  Medical Service Corps 485
  Nurse Corps 485
  Procurement of Medical Department Personnel 485
  Planning 486
  Procurement and Assignment Service 488
  V-12 Program 490
  Nurse Procurement 491
  Personnel Training 491
  Naval Medical School 491
  Naval Dental School 492
  Hospital Corps Officers School 492
  Medical Department Facilities 492
  Mobile and Base Hospitals 495
  Fleet Hospitals 496
  Naval Dispensaries 496
  Medical Facilities Afloat 497
  Sick Bays 500
  Air Conditioning 500
  BuMed Organization 500
  Special Civilian Assistant 505
  Professional Divisions 506
  Assistant for Dentistry 507
  Assistant for Inspections 508
  Medical Statistics 508
  Medical Supply 509
  Naval Medical Material Board 510
  Shipment of Blood 512
  Planning Division 513
  Medical Research 513
  Summary 516
XIII. The Shore Establishment 518
  Early History 518
  Naval Districts 520
  Navy Yards and the Bureaus 523
  General Order No. 9 525
  Navy Yard Division in Secretary's Office 526
  Division of Personnel Supervision and Management (PS&M) 528
  Shore Establishment Division (SOSED) Organization 529
  Shore Establishment Administration and the CNO 530
  Division of Shore Establishment and Civilian Personnel (SECP) 533
  Boards 534
  Hepburn and Greenslade Boards 535
  Shore Station Development Board 535
  Navy Manpower Survey Board 538
  Industrial Survey Division 538
  War End Reorganization 540
  General Order No. 223 542
  Navy Yard Management Control Assigned to BuShips 543
  Summary 544
XIV. The United States Marine Corps 547
  Origin, Legal Status, and Mission 547
  Fleet Marine Force 549
  Administrative Organization 551
  Headquarters Staff Developments 554
  Administrative Operations--Personnel 559
  Personnel Planning and Policy 559
  Personnel Procurement 564
  Enlisted Procurement 564
  Officer Procurement 568
  Marine Corps Women's Reserve 571
  Classification 573
  Training 575
  Training Facilities 575
  Camp Lejeune 575
  Camp Pendleton 578
  Enlisted Personnel Training 578
  Officer Training 581
  Administrative Operations--Supply 586
  Supplies in General 586
  Landing Craft 590
  Storage 592
  Summary 594
XV. The United States Coast Guard 596
  Relationship with U.S. Navy 596
  Historical Background 1790-1939 598
  Coast Guard Expansion July 1939 to November 1941 600
  Joint Coast Guard-Navy Department Planning 600
  Coast Guard Headquarters Administration under Plan One 601
  District Administration under Plan One 601
  Plan One Logistics 601
  Personnel and Equipment Build-up 602
  Lighthouse Bureau-Coast Guard Amalgamation: Reorganization 603
  Neutrality Enforcement and Harbor Security 604
  Preliminary Executive Actions and Deliberations 605
  Coast Guard Administration Within the Navy, November 1, 1941-January 1, 1946 606
  Executive Order 8929 of November 1, 1941 606
  Secretary of the Navy Letter of 30 March 1942 608
  The Coast Guard Commandant's Status in the Navy Department 611
  Coast Guard within the Naval Districts--Status 613
  Extent of Naval District Commandant's Control 613
  Coast Guard Logistics 614
  Personnel Procurement and Distribution 614
  Vessel and Shore Facilities Expansion 616
  Supply Program 621
  Medical Program 623
  Training Program 624
  Aviation Program 625
  Administrative Aspects of Special Projects Performed by Coast Guard During World War II 625
  Communication and Electronic Program 625
  Loran 626
  Radio Direction Finder, Radar Beacon Programs 627
  Radio Communication Program 627
  Port Security and Beach Patrol 628
  Air-Sea Rescue 629
  Demobilization and Return to Treasury 635
XVI. The Judge Advocate General and the General Counsel 636
  Lawyers in the Navy Department 636
  The Judge Advocate General 637
  Negotiated Contracts 643
  Procurement Legal Division 644
  Office of the General Counsel 647
XVII. External Relations 648
  Introduction 648
  Inter-Allied and Inter-Service Military Agencies 648
  Joint Board 648
  Combined Chiefs of Staff 649
  Joint Chiefs of Staff 651
  Committees of the Combined and Joint Chiefs of Staff 651
  Secretariat 652
  Joint Staff Planners 653
  Intelligence Committees 654
  Military Transportation Committees 654
  Communications Board 655
  Meteorological Committee 655
  Administrative and Logistics Committee 656
  Civil Affairs Committee 656
  Munitions Assignments Board in Washington 657
  Committees of the Joint Chiefs of Staff 657
  Joint Strategic Survey Committee 657
  Joint Deputy Chiefs of Staff 658
  Joint Committee on New Weapons and Equipment 658
  Army and Navy Petroleum Board 658
  Joint Security Control Committee 659
  Joint Production Survey Committee 659
  Joint Post-War Committee 659
  Office of Strategic Services 659
  Combined and Joint Chiefs of Staff. General Policies and Procedures 660
  Combined Chiefs of Staff Procedures 660
  Joint Chiefs of Staff Procedures 663
  State-War-Navy Coordinating Committee 665
  Logistic Aid to Allies (Lend-Lease) 668
  Background of Lend-Lease 668
  Destroyers for Bases 670
  Lend-Lease Act 672
  Lend-Lease Procedures 672
  Naval Ship Construction for Lend-Lease 675
  Russian Protocol 676
  Reverse Lend-Lease 677
  Coast and Geodetic Survey 678
  Background 678
  Duties 679
  Administration 679
  Officer Personnel 680
  Ships and Equipment 681
  Latin American Relations 681
  Naval Missions 681
  Naval Mission to Brazil 683
  Naval Missions to Other Countries 685
  Western Hemisphere Defense 688
  Inter-American Defense Board 689
  Joint Advisory Board on American Republics 689
  Joint Mexican-United States Defense Commission 689
  Joint Brazilian-United States Defense Commission 690
  Summary 690
XVIII. Naval Logistics 691
  Definition of Logistics 691
  Elements of Logistics 694
  Advance Bases 696
  Limitation of Armaments 697
  Operation "BOBCAT" 703
  Type Bases 706
  Lion, Cub, and Acorn 706
  Advance Base FUnctional Components 708
  Mobile Logistic Support 709
  Service Squadron Ten 712
  Distribution 714
  Railroad Transportation 715
  Sea Transportation 717
  War Shipping Administration 720
  Sea Traffic Management 721
  Navy Department Transportation 722
  Office of Defense Transportation 726
  Planning Developments 728
  Logistic Organization Planning Unit (LOPU) 729
  Overall Logistic Plan 731
  Progress Review and Inventory Control 732
  Summary 734
XIX. Research and Development 737
  Definitions and Fundamentals 737
  Research Environment 740
  Early Naval Research and Development 742
  Navigation and Oceanography 743
  Hydrographic Office 744
  Early Ordnance 745
  Early Research under the Bureaus 746
  Research Boards 749
  Naval Model Basin 750
  Engineering Experimental Station 751
  Ship Bottom Fouling 751
  Rubber Research 752
  Naval Research Laboratory 753
  Naval Ordnance Laboratory 756
  National Academy of Sciences 756
  National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics 758
  Expenditures for Naval Research 758
  National Defense Research Committee 761
  Office of Scientific Research and Development 766
  Office of FIeld Service 766
  Procurement and Business Methods (OSRD) 769
  Science in the Axis Countries 773
  The Coordinating Link 775
  National Inventors Council 777
  The Coordinator of Research and Development 779
  The Coordinator's Staff 782
  Conference Procedures 785
  Navy Liaison with Research Establishments 786
  Scientific Manpower 788
  The Intelligence Analysis Unit 791
  The Homing Torpedo 793
  Interchange of Scientific Information with Great Britain 796
  Protection of Commercial Interests 798
  The Magnitudes 799
  Plans for Postwar Scientific Research 800
  A Postwar Look 805
XX. Industrial Mobilization and Material Procurement 809
  Procurement Fundamentals 809
  World War I Experience 813
  Procurement Planning after World War I 815
  Army Industrial College 817
  The Army and Navy Munitions Board 818
  The Super Agencies 823
  The War Resources Board 823
  The Council of National Defense and its Advisory Commission 825
  The Advisory Commission 826
  The Office of Production Management 831
  The War Production Board 833
  Office of Procurement and Material 838
  Planning and Statistics Branch 842
  Production Branch 842
  Procurement Branch 843
  Industrial Readjustment Branch 845
  Post-War Developments 845
  Spreading War Work 846
  Negotiated Contracts and Price Control 850
  Financing Plant Facilities 854
  Controlling Plant Expansions 859
  Controlled Materials Plan 861
  Financing War Production 863
  The Inspection Service 870
  Supervisors of Shipbuilding 872
  Inspectors of Machinery 872
  Inspectors of Naval Aircraft 873
  Inspectors of Ordnance 873
  Inspectors of Naval Material 873
  Cost Inspectors 874
  World War II Material Inspection 874
  Summary 879
  The Magnitudes 879
XXI. Civilian Personnel 882
  Introduction and Background 882
  Navy Yard Division 885
  Expansion Problems 887
  Administrative Responsibilities 891
  War Plans 894
  Division of Personnel Supervision and Management (PS&M) 897
  Division of Shore Establishments and Civilian Personnel (SECP) 898
  The Bureaus and Civilian Personnel before SECP 901
  Departmental Services Unit 904
  Expansion and Ceilings 904
  DCPO's in Naval District Organizations 905
  Personnel Relations Officer (PRO) 908
  Employee Group Relations 908
  Wages and Salaries 910
  Classified Employees 911
  Recruitment 913
  Selective Service 914
  Training 916
  Utilization 917
  Navy Manpower Survey Board 918
  Industrial Survey Division 919
  Civilian Personnel at Overseas Bases 919
  Organization of SECP in June 1945 922
  Investigation by House of Representatives Subcommittee 923
  Office of Industrial Relations 925
  Summary 926
Epilogue 929
Appendix 1: Adm E.J. King's Philosophy of Command 943
Appendix 2: Distribution of duties between CNO and COMINCH (Dec. 18, 1941) 947
Appendix 3: Executive Order No. 9635, of Sept. 298, 1945, prescribing organization of the Navy Department 949
Bibliography 951
Abbreviations 969
Chronology 975
Index 997


List of Photographs

    Page
Secretaries of the Navy in World War II:
  Charles Edison, 1939-1940; Frank Knox, 1940-1944; James Forrestal, 1944-1947 ii
Hon. Carl Vinson
  Chairman House Naval Affairs Committee, Dec. 1931 until Jan. 1947, then Chairman of Armed Services Committee 49
Lewis Compton
  Asst. Secretary of the Navy, Feb. 1940-Jan. 1941 55
Ralph Bard
  Asst. Secretary of the Navy, Feb. 1941-June 1944; Under Secretary, June 1944-June 1945 56
Artemus Gates
  Asst. Secretary of the Navy for Air, Sept. 1941-June 1945; Under Secretary, July 1945-Dec. 1945 59
H. Struve Hensel
  Asst. Secretary of the Navy, Jan. 1945-Feb. 1946 60
John L. Sullivan
  Asst. Secretary of the Navy for Air, July 1945-June 1946. (After the war he became Under Secretary and Secretary of the Navy) 62
Admiral James O. Richardson
  Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Fleet, Jan .1940-Feb. 1941; Member General Board, March 1941-May 1942; Executive Vice President Navy Relief Society, May 1942-November 1945; Assigned additional duty Member of Special Joint Board to study question of Unification 83
Admiral Husband E. Kimmel
  Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Fleet, Feb. 1941-Dec. 1941 86
Admiral Harold R. Stark
  Chief of Naval Operations, Aug. 1939-March 1942; Commander Naval Forces in Europe, Apr. 1942-Aug. 1945 114
Fleet Admiral Ernest J. King
  Assumed command U.S. Fleet 20 Dec. 1941; held combined positions, Chief of Naval Operations and Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Fleet (COMINCH), 18 March 1942-10 Oct. 1945; relieved as CNO on 15 Dec. 1945 127
Fleet Admiral William D. Leady
  Chief of Staff to the President, 20 July 1942-25 March 1949 131
Vice Admiral Frederick J. Horne (later Admiral)
  Asst. Chief of Naval Operations, Dec. 1941-March 1942; Vice Chief of Naval Operations, March 1942-Jan. 1946. 133
Vice Admiral Walton R. Secton
  Chairman, General Board, June 1939-Aug. 1940; continued duty General Board to Sept. 1943 134
Admiral Thomas C. Hart
  Commander-in-Chief, Asiatic Fleet, April 1939-July 1942; General Board, 1942-1945 179
Fleet Admiral Chester W. Nimitz
  Became Commander-in-Chief Pacific Fleet and Pacific Ocean Areas on 31 Dec. 1941; Chief of Naval Operations, Dec. 1945-Dec. 1947. 182
Admiral Royal E. Ingersoll
  Commander-in-Chief, Atlantic Fleet, Jan. 1942-Nov. 1944; Commander Western Sea Frontier and Deputy CNO for remainder of war 183
Battleship firing salvos into beach at OKINAWA just before H-Hour.
  Amtracks in foreground. 189
FIFTH FLEET during invasion of IWO JIMA
  Mount Suribachi in background 190
Rear Admiral Samuel M. Robinson (later Admiral)
  Chief of Bureau of Engineering, Sept. 1939-June 1940; Chief of Bureau of Ships, June 1940-Feb. 1942; head of OP&M for remainder of war 224
Rear Admiral Alexander H. Van Keuren
  Chief of Bureau of Construction and Repair, Sept. 1939-June 1940; Chief of Bureau of Ships, Feb. 1942-Nov. 1942; Director NRL, Nov. 1942-Nov. 1945 229
Vice Admiral Edward L. Cochrane
  Chief of Bureau of Ships, Nov. 1942-Nov. 1946 232
Carriers in Ulithi Atoll, Western Carolines
  USS Wasp in foreground 248
Vice Admiral Earle W. Mills
  Chief of Bureau of Ships, Nov. 1946-Feb. 1949 (Deputy Chief during the war) 255
Rear Admiral Randall Jacobs (later Vice Admiral)
  Chief of Bureau of Naval Personnel, Dec. 1941-Sept. 1945 264
Rear Admiral William R. Furlong
  Chief of Bureau of Ordnance, Aug. 1937-Feb. 1941 318
LSM(R)'s Firing Rockets at Shores of POKISHI SHIMA, near OKINAWA,
  5 days before invasion 332
Rear Admiral William H.P. Blandy (later Admiral)
  Chief of Bureau of Ordnance, Feb. 1941-Dec. 1943 340
Vice Admiral George F. Hussey, Jr.
  Chief of Bureau of Ordnance, Dec 1943-Sep. 1947 350
Rear Admiral John H. Towers (later Admiral)
  Chief of Bureau of Aeronautics, June 1939-Oct. 1942; COMAIRPAC, Deputy Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Pacific Fleet and Pacific Ocean Areas remainder of war 366
Rear Admiral John S. McCain (later Admiral)
  Chief of Bureau of Aeronautics, Oct. 1942-Aug. 1943; Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Air), Aug. 1943-Aug. 1944; Commander SECOND Carrier Task Force, Pacific Fleet, remainder of war 373
Avenger Torpedo Planes flown in perfect echelon by Navy Pilots 378
SB2C's Returning to Carrier of TASK GROUP 58.1 from bombing mission over CHICHI-JIMA 383
Rear Admiral DeWitt C. Ramsey (later Admiral)
  Chief of Bureau of Aeronautics, Aug. 1943-June 1945 389
Rear Admiral Harold B. Sallada
  Chief of Bureau of Aeronautics, June 1945-May 1947 393
Rear Admiral Ben Moreell (later (Admiral) (CEC)
  Chief of Bureau of Yards and Docks, Dec. 1937-Nov. 1945 404
Rear Admiral Raymond Spear (SC)
  Bureau of Supplies and Accounts, 1939-1942 441
Rear Admiral William B. Young (SC)
  Chief of Bureau of Supplies and Accounts, June 1942-March 1945 453
Rear Admiral William J. Carter (later Vice Admiral) (SC)
  Chief of Bureau of Supplies and Accounts, March 1945-Oct. 1946 464
Rear Admiral Percival S. Rossiter (MC)
  Chief of Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, 1933-1938 486
Rear Admiral Ross T. McIntyre (later Vice Admiral) (MC)
  Chief of Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Dec. 1938-Dec. 1946 489
Rear Admiral Charles W. Fisher
  Director of Shore Establishment Division, Sept. 1939-Jan. 1944 531
Major General Thomas HOlcomb (later General), USMC
  Commandant of the Marine Corps, Dec. 1936-Jan. 1944 552
Lieutenant General Alexander A. Vandegrift (later General), USMC
  Commandant of the Marine Corps, Jan. 1944-Dec. 1947 558
The Beach at IWO JIMA, D-day
  A wave of U.S. Marines begins attack 589
Rear Admiral Russell R. Waesche (later Admiral), USCG
  Commandant of the U.S. Coast Guard, June 1936-Dec. 1945 612
U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Spencer sinks NAZI U-boat 618
U.S. Coast Guard-manned LST's 18 and 202
  unload their fighting men and machines on the beaches of Leyte Island 619
Helping hand of the Coast Guard
  A wounded Marine is hoisted from a landing craft manned by Coast Guardsmen. Scene near Eniwetok Atoll 630
Rear Admiral Walter B. Woodson
  Judge Advocate General, June 1938-Aug. 1943 641
Admiral Arthur J. Hepburn
  President, Board for Development of Additional Bases, 1938-1941; Chairman, General Board of the Navy, Aug. 1942-Dec. 1945 700
Advisory Council, Office of Scientific Research and Development
  Left to right: Dr. J.C. Hunsaker, Mr. H.H. Bundy; Dr. J.B. Conant, Dr. Vannevar Bush, RADM J.A. Furer, USN, Dr. A.N. Richards, Dr. F.B. Jewett, Dr. C.L. Wilson 771
Rear Admiral Frederick G. Crisp
  Director of Division of Shore Establishment and Civilian Personnel, Feb. 1944-Sept. 1945 888
Mr. Arthur S. Flemming
  Civil Service Commissioner, July 1939-Aug. 1948 889
TOKYO BAY
  Mount Fujiyama, Japan, as viewed from the Battleship South Dakota 920


List of Charts

End Papers:
  The chart used in the End Papers was taken from the Manual of Organization Charts of Bureaus and Offices of the Navy Department, dated 15 June 1943.
Fig. Title Page
1 Organization of the Navy Department (21 Dec. 1940) 8
2 Organization for the Executive Administration of the Naval Establishment (Chart accompanying SecNav's Annual Report for 1945) 12
3 Organization of the Navy Department immediately after World War II (8 Feb. 1946) 14
4 Organization of the U.S. Navy (July 1945) 24
5 Organization of the Office of Chief of Naval Operations (27 March 1942) 116
6 Organization of the Office of Chief of Naval Operations (15 June 1945) 136
7 Organization of Headquarters, Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Fleet (5 April 1943) 139
8 Organization of Headquarters, Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Fleet (10 Nov. 1944) 141
9 Organization of the Office of Chief of Naval Operations (Revised: 10 November 1945) 169
10 Organization of Bureau of Ships (15 Aug. 1940) 223
11 Organization of Bureau of Ships (23 Oct. 1942) 228
12 Organization of Bureau of Ships (15 Aug. 1945) 231
13 Organization of Bureau of Navigation (1 May 1941) 263
14 Organization of Bureau of Naval Personnel (October 1942) 266
15 Organization of Bureau of Naval Personnel (15 July 1945) 267
16 Wartime Sources of the Navy's Officers 271
17 Organization of Bureau of Ordnance (1 Feb. 1940) 317
18 Organization of Bureau of Ordnance (15 Oct. 1944) 321
19 Organization of Bureau of Aeronautics (31 Jan. 1941) 363
20 Organization of Bureau of Aeronautics (22 Oct. 1941) 365
21 Organization of Bureau of Aeronautics and DCNO(Air) (15 June 1944) 395
22 Organization of Bureau of Yards and Docks (19 Dec. 1940) 407
23 Organization of Bureau of Yards and Docks (9 Feb. 1942) 409
24 Organization of Bureau of Yards and Docks (1 June 1944) 415
25 Organization of Bureau of Supplies and Accounts (1 Oct. 1941) 434
26 Organization of Bureau of Supplies and Accounts (1 Oct. 1945) 435
27 Organization of Bureau of Medicine and Surgery (11 March 1941) 501
28 Organization of Bureau of Medicine and Surgery (25 Sept. 1945) 502
29 United States Naval Districts (May 1944) 521
30 Organization of Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps (1 Feb. 1940) 555
31 Organization of Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps (30 May 1945) 557
32 Organization of Headquarters, U.S. Coast Guard (15 June 1945) 607
33 Organization of Progress and Planning Section, Office of the Coordinator of Research and Development (Early 1945) 783
34 Organization of Shore Establishment Division (SOSED) (1 July 1941) 895
35 Organization of Division of Shore Establishments and Civilian Personnel (SECP) (10 Feb. 1944) 900
36 Organization of Division of Shore Establishments and Civilian Personnel (SECP) (7 June 1945) 903


Transcribed and formatted for HTML by Patrick Clancey, HyperWar Foundation