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[SANET-MG] goat human chimera



In Greek mythology the Chimera was a fire-breathing creature represented as a composite of a lion, goat, and serpent. Pan was half goat half man who lived in the forests of Arcadia surrounded by satyrs and maenads. He was a fertility god, protecting the fields, woods, shepherds and goatherds. He was believed to make he goats pregnant. Humanized goats enter the pantheon of humanized pigs, before much longer we will have to lay ground rules for cannibalism. Hugo stew and hupo chops may follow the first course , soylent green at a nearby Dahmer restaurant ? Things are proceeding at breakneck speed , organic may be the last refuge against cannibalism.
Published online before print May 8, 2006
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 10.1073/pnas.0602646103

Multiorgan engraftment and differentiation of human cord blood CD34+Lin- cells in goats assessed by gene expression profiling


Fanyi Zeng *, Mei-jue Chen *, Don A. Baldwin , Zhi-juan Gong *, Jing-bin Yan *, Hui Qian *, Juan Wang *, Xiaoyan Jiang *, Zhao-rui Ren *, Deming Sun *, and Shu-zhen Huang *¶ *Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 24/1400 West Beijing Road, Shanghai 200040, People's Republic of China; Penn Microarray Facility, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 1L3

To investigate multitissue engraftment of human primitive hematopoietic cells and their differentiation in goats, human CD34+Lin- cord blood cells transduced with a GFP vector were transplanted into fetal goats at 45-55 days of gestation. GFP+ cells were detected in hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic organs including blood, bone marrow, spleen, liver, kidney, muscle, lung, and heart of the recipient goats (1.2-36% of all cells examined). We identified human 2 microglobulin-positive cells in multiple tissues. GFP+ cells sorted from the perfused liver of a transplant goat showed human insulin-like growth factor 1 gene sequences, indicating that the engrafted GFP+ cells were of human origin. A substantial fraction of cells engrafted in goat livers expressed the human hepatocyte-specific antigen, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, albumin, hepatocyte nuclear factor, and GFP. DNA content analysis showed no evidence for cellular fusion. Long-term engraftment of GFP+ cells could be detected in the blood of goats for up to 2 yr. Microarray analysis indicated that human genes from a variety of functional categories were expressed in chimeric livers and blood. The human/goat xenotransplant model provides a unique system to study the kinetics of hematopoietic stem cell engraftment, gene expression, and possible stem cell plasticity under noninjured conditions.
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