Subject: [SANET-MG] field studies evaluating mycorrhizal inoculum

From: Joel Gruver <[email-masked]>
Date: Fri, 17 Mar 2006 21:26:28 -0500

Hello Jarrod,

Appended below are citations for a few studies that have evaluated
mycorrhizal fungi inoculum in the field. The database of mycorhiza
literature at the following link contains many more:
http://mycorrhiza.ag.utk.edu/

Douds, D.D. and C. Reider. 2003. Inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi
increases the yield of green peppers in a high P soil. Biological
Agriculture and Horticulture. 21: 91-102.

Douds, D.D., Nagahashi, G., Pfeffer, P.E., Kayser, W.M. and C. Reider. 2005.
On-farm production and utilization of mycorrhizal fungus inoculum. Canadian
Journal of Plant Science.85: 5-21.

J. Secilia and D.J. Bagyaraj. 1994. Evaluation and first-year field testing
of efficient vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for inoculation of
wetland rice seedlings, World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology,
10(4): 381 - 384

----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Jarrod Gunn-Mcquillan" <[email-masked]>
To: <[email-masked]>
Sent: Friday, March 17, 2006 11:29 AM
Subject: Re: [SANET-MG] Entrez PubMed Soil Quality & phosphate availability

> Does anyone know of any field studies using Mycorrhizae??  There seems to
be
> lots of greenhouse, microcosm etc. etc.
>
> Thanks
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Sustainable Agriculture Network Discussion Group
> [mailto:[email-masked]]On Behalf Of Dale Wilson
> Sent: Friday, March 17, 2006 10:00 AM
> To: [email-masked]
> Subject: Re: [SANET-MG] Entrez PubMed Soil Quality & phosphate
> availability
>
>
> Hi Edna,
>
> >> I'm afraid I'm over my head on this subject.  I'm interested,
> >> but I understood maybe about half of what I read and my
> >> unabridged dictionary didn't help me a whole lot....
> >> Can anyone tell me if that is the take home message in this
> >> research?
>
> Unlike nitrogen and potassium, phosphorus in the soil is tightly bound
> to the mineral fraction.  As water moves from the soil into the roots,
> potassium and nitrogen and most other minerals are swept along into the
> plant along with the water (yeah, I know, this is an
> oversimplification), but not so with phosphorus.  The roots have to go
> GET phosphorus by intimate contact with soil particles.  Most plants
> simply cannot produce enough root surface area to get the phosphorus
> they need, even when there is plenty around.  Almost all crops form a
> symbiotic relationship with a class of fungus called "arbuscular
> mycorrhizae fungi" (AMF).  The AMF live in the soil and have an
> extensive network of fine mycelia.  As a young plant is established,
> the root system becomes infected by the AMF which transports phosphorus
> into the roots.
>
> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbuscular_mycorrhiza
>
> "Mycorrhizae helper bacteria" work with the AMF to help dissolve P from
> the surfaces of soil particles.  The abstract cited by Lawrence studied
> an association between the AMF and the "growth-promoting rhizobacteria"
> Bacillus subtilis and Entrobacter.
>
> Here is the full text of the paper:
> http://aem.asm.org/cgi/reprint/63/11/4408
>
> Lawrence wrote:
> > I interpret this to mean that the researchers discovered that the
> > presence of a specific AM fungus innoculated with two phosphate-
> > solubilizing ("helper") bacteria in soils with low phosphate
> > bioavailability resulted in higher levels of plant available
> > phosphorus and "significantly increased biomass and N and P
> > accumulation in plant tissues".
>
> I don't think this is a new finding.  The main point of the paper seems
> to be the use the isotopic dilution method as a tool.  There is a lot
> of literature about this subject.
>
> > So, is anyone marketing a soil innoculant for organic and
> > sustainable farmers who periodically apply rock phosphate to
> > farmland with normally low P bioavailability (I assume this can
> > be detected in a soil test)?
>
> I wouldn't jump to the conclusion that inoculation with these organisms
> in normal field situations will be beneficial.  I would try it out
> carefully in designed experiments and distrust promotional literature.
> AMF is normally present in most fields, and the bacteria mentioned are
> rugged and extremely common in soil.  The paper does show why rock
> phosphate (RP) might be more available to plants than one would think
> from the soil chemistry per se.  I still would make sure my RP is
> high-grade and finely ground.
>
> Dale
>
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---

From: Michelle Schroeder <[email-masked]>
Date: Sun, 19 Mar 2006 11:25:34 -0500

Hello Jared, 
 
There are quite a few studies done with arbuscular mycorrhizas in the field.  To add to Joel's list, I would also include:
 
1. Kabir, Z. and Koide, R. T, 2002, Effect of autumn and winter mycorrhizal cover crops on soil properties, nutrient uptake and yield of sweet corn in Pennsylvania, USA, Plant and Soil, 238(2):205-215.
 
2. Boswell, E. P., Koide, R. T., Shumway, D. L.,Addy, H. D., 1998, Winter wheat cover cropping, VA mycorrhizal fungi and maize growth and yield, Agriculture, Ecosystems, and Environment, 67(1):55-65.
 
3.Cheng, X. M., Baumgartner, K., 2004, Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-mediated nitrogen transfer from vineyard cover crops to grapevines, Biology and Fertility of Soils, 40(6): 406:412.
 
As Joel mentioned, you can search for all the mycorrhiza literature on  the  Mycorrhiza Information Exchange database at http://mycorrhiza.ag.utk.edu/ <http://mycorrhiza.ag.utk.edu/> .
 
Sincerely,
michelle schroeder

Michelle S. Schroeder, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor, Agroecology
 
Crop Science Department
North Carolina State University
2406 Williams Hall
Campus Box 7620
Raleigh, NC 27695-7620 USA
 
Phone: (919) 513-0085
FAX: (919) 515-7959
Email: [email-masked]
Personal webpage: http://www.cropsci.ncsu.edu/personnel/Schroeder_Michelle/Default.asp?fmtinfo=1,450,150 <http://www.cropsci.ncsu.edu/personnel/Schroeder_Michelle/Default.asp?fmtinfo=1,450,150> 
Agroecology program: http://www.cropsci.ncsu.edu/agroecology/ <http://www.cropsci.ncsu.edu/agroecology/> 

________________________________

From: Sustainable Agriculture Network Discussion Group on behalf of Jarrod Gunn-Mcquillan
Sent: Fri 3/17/2006 11:29 AM
To: [email-masked]
Subject: Re: [SANET-MG] Entrez PubMed Soil Quality & phosphate availability

Does anyone know of any field studies using Mycorrhizae??  There seems to be
lots of greenhouse, microcosm etc. etc.

Thanks

-----Original Message-----

Hi Edna,

Dale

2- Send a message to <[email-masked]> from the address subscribed to the