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[compost_tea] Re: More thiosulphate...



And now this....

"Found another formula, I don't think that first one is correct, I 
don't think an acid is formed. Here is the other formula that makes 
more sense: 
2 Na2S2O3 (5 H2O) + Cl2 = 2 NaCl + Na2S4O6 = salt + sodium dithionate
Do you know what Vegas adds to the water supply, is chlorine added or 
cloramine? If it's cloramine, you'll also have ammonia left afetr 
treating with sodium thiosulfate."



Tony Moore, M.Sc.
Aquarium Curator



--- In compost_tea@yahoogroups.com, "tomjasz <tomj@l...>" <tomj@l...> 
wrote:
>     
>     
>  Dechlorination Products - Sodium Thiosulfate   
>  Product Description Product Assay. WT. % Specific Gravity 25ºC pH 
5% 
> solution 
> 30% solution 30.0 1.28 8.0 
> Anhydrous 97.0 1.70 8.0 
> Pentahydrate 99.2 1.70 8.0 
>  
>  Chemistry of Dechlorination Chemical Reaction Theoretical Use 
Ratio 
> Sodium Thiosulfate (pH 11) Na2S2O3 + 4CI2 + 5H2O (to) 2NaHS04 + 
8HCI 
> 0.556 
> Sodium Thiosulfate (pH 6.5) Na2S2O3 + CI2 + H2O (to) Na2S04 + S + 
> 2HCI 2.225 
> Sodium Bisulfite Na2HSO3+ CI2 + H2O (to) NaHS04 + 2 + 2HCI 1.455 
> Sodium Sulfite Na2SO3+ CI2 + H2O (to) Na2S04 + 2 +2HCI 1.775 
> Sulfur Dioxide SO3+ CI2 + 2H2O (to) H2S04 + 2HCI 0.903 
> Hydrogen Peroxide H2O2+ CI2 (to) 2HCI + 02 (g) 0.488 
>  
>  Freeze Point Information
> 
> Solutions of all the dechlorination agents will freeze in cold 
> temperatures. However, this problem can be minimized with careful 
> planning. Options include:
> 
> Housing the chemical in an existing storage facility 
> Storing the chemical in tanks designed for cold weather 
> Burial of tanks and lines underground 
>   
>  Choice of Dechlorination Agent 
> Although all the products listed are effective dechlorination 
agents, 
> the correct choice depends upon the specific use location and the 
> type of effluent being treated. JCI can advise you on the best 
> dechlorination agent for your situation. We have in-depth 
experience 
> in a broad range of end-use applications. We supply products and 
> technical expertise to the chloralkali, pulp and paper, textile and 
> municipal wastewater industries. The table below lists the 
advantages 
> and disadvantages of the various dechlorination agents:
>   
>  Chemical Advantages Disadvantages 
> Sodium
> Thiosulfate Significant use history 
> Non-toxic, non-corrosive, easy to use 
> Low initial capital costs 
> Easy to inject 
>  Solutions subject to freezing in cold weather 
>  
> Sodium
> Bisulfite Significant use history 
> Easy to inject 
> Low use ratio 
>  Sodium bisulfite is corrosive 
> Solutions subject to freezing in cold weather 
>  
> Sodium
> Sulfite Significant use history 
> Non-toxic, non-corrosive, easy to use 
>  High use ratio 
> Solutions subject to freezing in cold weather 
>  
> Sulfur
> Dioxide Significant use history 
> Inexpensive for large installations 
> Injection equipment similar to that for chlorine gas can be used 
>  Corrosive and hazardous to use 
> Initial capital costs are high 
> May increase hazard liability insurance 
> Requires special storage and handling equipment 
> Expensive for small installations 
>  
> Hydrogen
> Peroxide Easy to inject 
>  Does not remove chloramines at a useful rate 
> Highly unstable and subject to deterioration


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