--- In compost_tea_at_yahoogroups.com, "Karl Miller" <larklabel_at_k...>
wrote:
> It's lurker time. I think we need a chemist here. Some people are
talking
> about CHLORINE, others are talking about CHLORAMINE. Is there a
difference
> and what is it? You can get rid of chlorine easily, chloramine is
difficult?
> Karl Miller
>
Pretty simple Karl, there are two basic methods of treating water in
common use. Chlorine and chloramine. Chloramine is a form of
disinfectant produced by combining chlorine with ammonia. Chloramines
are persistent, meaning they are difficult to remove by aeration.
Many water district web sites are indicating chloramine can last
several weeks in standing water.
The key here is TESTING. Your levels MAY NOT be as high as some
experience.
Here is another repeat post....
Biocidal Efficiency (best to worst)
ozone > chlorine dioxide > free chlorine > chloramines
Stability (best to worst)
chloramines > chlorine dioxide > free chlorine > ozone
Chloramines are typically generated on-site by the addition of
ammonia (NH3) to water containing free C12 (HOCl or OCl depending
upon the pH of the water). The optimum reaction pH is on the alkaline
side, pH 8.4 (i.e., NH3 (aq) + HOCI « NH2Cl + H2O) Three forms of
chloramine can result as well as undesirable but unavoidable
interference reactions.
Distillation or evaporation does not effectively remove chloramines.
Activated Carbon (AC) is proven to reduce chloramine presence from 1
to 2 ppm to less than 0.1 ppm (a USP WFI requirement).
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Received on Mon Oct 06 2003 - 15:32:46 EDT