ISSN: 1052-5378 United States Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Library 10301 Baltimore Blvd. Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2351 Conservation Tillage January 1991 - December 1993 QB 94-13 Quick Bibliography Series Bibliographies in the Quick Bibliography Series of the National Agricultural Library, are intended primarily for current awareness, and as the title of the series implies, are not indepth exhaustive bibliographies on any given subject. However, the citations are a substantial resource for recent investigations on a given topic. They also serve the purpose of bringing the literature of agriculture to the interested user who, in many cases, could not access it by any other means. The bibliographies are derived from computerized on-line searches of the AGRICOLA data base. Timeliness of topic and evidence of extensive interest are the selection criteria. The author/searcher determines the purpose, length, and search strategy of the Quick Bibliography. 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Conservation Tillage January 1991 - December 1993 Quick Bibliography Series: QB 94-13 Updates QB 92-02 338 citations in English from AGRICOLA Jane Potter Gates Alternative Farming Systems Information Center March 1994 National Agricultural Library Cataloging Record: Gates, Jane Potter Conservation tillage. (Quick bibliography series ; 94-13) 1. Conservation tillage--Bibliography. 2. No-tillage--Bibliography. 3. Tillage--Bibliography. I. Title. aZ5071.N3 no.94-13 The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in its programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, and marital or familial status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs). Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact the USDA Office of Communications at (202) 720-5881 (voice) or (202) 720-7808 (TDD). To file a complaint, write the Secretary of Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. 20250, or call (202) 720-7327 (voice) or (202) 720-1127 (TDD). USDA is an equal employment opportunity employer. AGRICOLA Citations in this bibliography were entered in the AGRICOLA database between January 1979 and the present. SAMPLE CITATIONS Citations in this bibliography are from the National Agricultural Library's AGRICOLA database. An explanation of sample journal article, book, and audiovisual citations appears below. JOURNAL ARTICLE: Citation # NAL Call No. Article title. Author. Place of publication: Publisher. Journal Title. Date. Volume (Issue). Pages. (NAL Call Number). Example: 1 NAL Call No.: DNAL 389.8.SCH6 Morrison, S.B. Denver, Colo.: American School Food Service Association. School foodservice journal. Sept 1987. v. 41 (8). p.48-50. ill. BOOK: Citation # NAL Call Number Title. Author. Place of publication: Publisher, date. Information on pagination, indices, or bibliographies. Example: 1 NAL Call No.: DNAL RM218.K36 1987 Exploring careers in dietetics and nutrition. Kane, June Kozak. New York: Rosen Pub. Group, 1987. Includes index. xii, 133 p.: ill.; 22 cm. Bibliography: p. 126. AUDIOVISUAL: Citation # NAL Call Number Title. Author. Place of publication: Publisher, date. Supplemental information such as funding. Media format (i.e., videocassette): Description (sound, color, size). Example: 1 NAL Call No.: DNAL FNCTX364.A425 F&N AV All aboard the nutri-train. Mayo, Cynthia. Richmond, Va.: Richmond Public Schools, 1981. NET funded. Activity packet prepared by Cynthia Mayo. 1 videocassette (30 min.): sd., col.; 3/4 in. + activity packet. Conservation Tillage January 1991 - December 1993 SEARCH STRATEGY Set Items Description --- ----- ----------- S1 2948 MINIMUM S2 9702 TILL? S3 671 MINIMUM(W)TILL? S4 49812 NO S5 9702 TILL? S6 1736 NO(W)TILL? S7 1029 ZERO S8 9702 TILL? S9 85 ZERO(W)TILL? S10 11508 REDUCED S11 9702 TILL? S12 251 REDUCED(W)TILL? S13 17950 NON S14 9702 TILL? S15 24 NON(W)TILL? S16 2468 MINIMUM()TILL? OR NO()TILL? OR ZERO()TILL? OR REDUCED()TILL? OR NON()TILL? S17 4881 REDUCING S18 722 MULCH S19 146 CHISEL S20 313 S2 AND (REDUCING OR MULCH OR CHISEL) S21 2634 S16 OR S20 S22 28398 CONSERVATION S23 9702 TILL? S24 1046 CONSERVATION(W)TILL? S25 3282 S21 OR CONSERVATION(W)TILL? S26 764 SOD S27 887 SEEDED S28 27 SOD(W)SEEDED S29 764 SOD S30 1677 SEEDING S31 27 SOD(W)SEEDING S32 3329 S25 OR (SOD()SEEDED OR SOD()SEEDING) S33 849 RIDGE S34 9702 TILL? S35 86 RIDGE(W)TILL? S36 3362 S32 OR RIDGE()TILL? S37 5341 GROUNDWATER S38 80467 WATER S39 1547 AQUIFER? S40 81640 GROUNDWATER OR WATER OR AQUIFER? S41 2841 S36 NOT S40 S42 2550 S41/ENG,TI,DE S43 170983 PY=1991 : PY=1993 S44 345 S42 AND PY=1991:1993 Conservation Tillage 1 NAL Call. No.: S604.N57 1991 1991 North American conservation tillage clubs and associations a directory. Conservation Technology Information Center West Lafayette, IN (1220 Potter Drive, Room 170, Purdue Research Park) : CTIC,; 1991. 12 leaves ; 28 cm. Cover title. Language: English Descriptors: Conservation tillage 2 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 N272EX A 1992 guide for--herbicide use in Nebraska. Lincoln, Neb. : The Service; 1992. EC - Cooperative Extension Service, University of Nebraska (92-130): 51 p.; 1992. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Nebraska; Weed control; Herbicides; Weeds; Herbicide resistance; Conservation tillage 3 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.M7M5 Agricultural management practices: reducing runoff and sediment production. Peeples, J.L. Starkville, Miss. : The Service; 1991 Jul. Information sheet - Mississippi State University, Cooperative Extension Service (1450): 2 p.; 1991 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Erosion; Conservation tillage; Runoff; Geological sedimentation 4 NAL Call. No.: S601.A34 Agroecosystem management effects on soil carbon and nitrogen. Wood, C.W.; Edwards, J.H. Amsterdam : Elsevier; 1992 Apr. Agriculture, ecosystems and environment v. 39 (3/4): p. 123-138; 1992 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Alabama; Tillage; Conservation tillage; Continuous cropping; Rotations; Triticum aestivum; Zea mays; Glycine max; Soil fertility; Nitrogen; Carbon; Soil organic matter; Crop residues; Mineralization; Nutrient availability; Soil depth; Biological activity in soil; Subtropics 5 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68 Agronomic evaluation of fertilizer placement methods for no-tillage sorghum in vertisol clays. Chichester, F.W.; Morrison, J.E. Jr Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Jul. Journal of production agriculture v. 5 (3): p. 378-382; 1992 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Texas; Sorghum bicolor; No-tillage; Conservation tillage; Placement; Fertilizer distributors; Subsurface application; Surface treatment; Surface modification; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Nutrient uptake; Use efficiency; Leaves; Nutrient content; Crop yield; Grain; Seasonal variation 6 NAL Call. No.: SB599.C35 Agronomic practices and common root rot in spring wheat: effect of tillage on disease and inoculum density of Cochliobolus sativus in soil. Tinline, R.D.; Spurr, D.T. Guelph, Ont. : Canadian Phytopathological Society; 1991. Canadian journal of plant pathology; Revue Canadienne de phytopathologie v. 13 (3): p. 258-266; 1991. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Saskatchewan; Triticum aestivum; Root rots; Cochliobolus sativus; Disease prevalence; Tillage; No-tillage; Rotations; Summer fallow; Fusarium culmorum; Inoculum density 7 NAL Call. No.: 79.9 N814 Alfalfa and orchardgrass control in no-till corn. Hartwig, N.L. College Park, Md. : The Society; 1991. Proceedings of the annual meeting - Northeastern Weed Science Society v. 45: p. 33-38; 1991. Meeting held January 8-10, 1991, Baltimore, Maryland. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Zea mays; Weed control; No-tillage; Chemical control; Crop plants as weeds; Medicago sativa; Dactylis glomerata 8 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68 Alternative crop prospects in western Nebraska. Plett, S.; Nelson, L.A.; Clegg, M.D. Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Apr. Journal of production agriculture v. 4 (2): p. 162-166; 1991 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Nebraska; Crop management; Grain crops; Rowcrops; Field crops; Summer fallow; Rotations; No-tillage; Tillage; Profits; Returns; Farm inputs; Variable costs; Fixed costs; Total digestible nutrients; Nutrient content 9 NAL Call. No.: 79.9 SO8 (P) Alternative weed control in low input reduced tillage cropping systems. Janke, R.R. Raleigh, N.C. : The Society :.; 1991. Proceedings - Southern Weed Science Society v. 44: p. 40-41; 1991. Paper presented at the meeting on "Perception: Fact or Fiction", held January 14-16, 1991, San Antonio, Texas. Language: English Descriptors: Weed control; Tillage; Cropping systems 10 NAL Call. No.: S541.5.W2R47 Amber waves: a sourcebook for sustainable dryland farming in the northwestern United States. Granatstein, D. Pullman, Wash. : The Center; 1992. Research bulletin XB - Washington State University, Agricultural Research Center (1025): 82 p.; 1992. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Washington; Oregon; Mountain states of U.S.A.; Dry farming; Sustainability; Triticum aestivum; Conservation tillage; Agroclimatology; Rotations; Grain crops; Brassica; Resource materials 11 NAL Call. No.: HD1781.W67 no.91/05 An analyses of yield and net return distributions for conventional and conservation tillage practices in southw estern Ontario. Ker, Alan Guelph, Ont. : Dept. of Agricultural Economics and Business, University of Guelph,; 1991. 17, [10] p. : ill. ; 28 cm. (Working paper / Department of Agricultural Economics and Business, University of Guelph ; 91/05). February 1991. Includes bibliographical references (p. 14-15). Language: English 12 NAL Call. No.: 420 K13 Aphid predators associated with conventional- and conservation-tillage winter wheat. Rice, M.E.; Wilde, G.E. Lawrence, Kan. : The Society; 1991 Jul. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society v. 64 (3): p. 245-250; 1991 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Triticum aestivum; Schizaphis graminum; Hippodamia convergens; Coleomegilla maculata; Coccinella septempunctata; Scymnus; Chrysopa; Nabis; Araneae; Predators of insect pests; Population density; Conservation tillage; Minimum tillage; No-tillage 13 NAL Call. No.: SB193.F59 Are herbicides necessary for alfalfa establishment?: Results from studies with conventional and no-till alfalfa. Brothers, B.A.; Hesterman, O.B. Columbia, Mo. : American Forage and Grassland Council; 1991. Proceedings of the Forage and Grassland Conference. p. 157-161; 1991. Meeting held April 1-4, 1991, Columbia, Missouri. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Medicago sativa; Stand establishment; Herbicides; No-tillage; Tillage; Crop density 14 NAL Call. No.: S530.J6 Area conservation tillage meetings--a successful educational program. Dickey, E.C.; Jasa, P.J.; Shelton, D.P.; Grisso, R.D.; Glewen, K. Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991. Journal of agronomic education v. 20 (2): p. 115-119; 1991. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Nebraska; Conservation tillage; Educational programs; Program development; Program effectiveness; Plan implementation and evaluation; Cooperative extension service 15 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P Autumn sward suppression and insect control effects on late-winter no-till establishment of ladino clover. Zarnstorff, M.E.; Chamblee, D.S.; Mueller, J.P.; Campbell, W.V. Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Nov. Journal of the American Society of Agronomy v. 84 (6): p. 983-987; 1992 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: North Carolina; Festuca arundinacea; Paraquat; Site preparation; Winter; Sowing date; Crop establishment; Trifolium repens; No-tillage; Sowing methods; Insect pests; Slugs; Chemical control; Insect control; Pest control Abstract: Ladino clover (Trifolium repens L.) has traditionally been established in the autumn in the southeastern USA. Grass suppression and insect control have proven beneficial for successful autumn no-till establishment. Winter planting offers an alternative, yet little is known about late winter grass suppression and insect or mollusk control. Herbicide applied at planting in late winter usually failed to suppress or kill cool-season grasses. Field studies were conducted to evaluate (i) the influence of fall suppression or kill with paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4-4' bipyridinium ion) of the tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) sward on late-winter (February or March) no-till establishment of ladino clover, (ii) establishment by drilling versus surface planting and (iii) the influence of suppression of insect and/or mollusk populations on the late-winter no-till establishment of ladino clover into tall fescue. Initial late winter no-till clover densities were 30% greater for the March as compared to February planting (three experiment average). Drill planting of clover resulted in 2.1 times greater initial clover density (four experiment average) and 1.9 times more clover yield than surface planting (three experiment average). Application of paraquat to tall fescue in bands (13 cm) in mid-October resulted in essentially complete grass kill with the bands. Neither autumn grass suppression nor the use of insecticide or molluscicide altered clover density or stand. Late-winter, no-till establishment provides an alternative to fall establishment. Our results indicate that fall chemical suppression of grass swards is not necessary for successful late-winter establishment of ladino clover. 16 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39 Banded herbicide applications and cultivation in a modified no-till corn (Zea mays) system. Eadie, A.G.; Swanton, C.J.; Shaw, J.E.; Anderson, G.W. Champaign, Ill. : The Society; 1992 Jul. Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of America v. 6 (3): p. 535-542; 1992 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ontario; Zea mays; Cultivars; No-tillage; Atrazine; Metolachlor; Herbicide mixtures; Application rates; Band placement; Broadcasting; Interrow cultivation; Integrated pest management; Weed control; Weeds; Biomass production; Crop yield 17 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM3Ps (IR) Beginning of motion for selected unanchored residue materials. Gilley, J.E.; Kottwitz, E.R. New York, N.Y. : American Society of Civil Engineers, c1983-; 1992 Jul. Journal of irrigation and drainage engineering v. 118 (4): p. 619-630; 1992 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Conservation tillage; Crop residues; Movement in soil; Overland flow; Erosion; Hydraulics; Regression analysis 18 NAL Call. No.: 464.8 P56 Biological control to reduce inoculum of the tan spot pathogen Pyrenophora tritici-repentis in surface-borne residues of wheat fields. Pfender, W.F.; Zhang, W.; Nus, A. St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathological Society; 1993 Apr. Phytopathology v. 83 (4): p. 371-375; 1993 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Kansas; Triticum; Pyrenophora tritici-repentis; Plant pathogenic fungi; Biological control agents; Pithomyces chartarum; Basidiomycotina; Aphyllophorales; Cultural control; Crop residues; Conservation tillage Abstract: Field plots of conservation-tillage wheat straw naturally infested with Pyrenophora tritici-repentis were treated with bran-based inoculum of three potential biocontrol fungi, and reduction in the number of residue-borne pseudothecia (primary inoculum of the pathogen) was determined. Limonomyces roseipellis significantly reduced residue-borne primary inoculum of P. tritici-repentis in 3 of 4 yr of experiments; an unidentified agonomycete was effective in two of three experiments, but Laetisaria arvalis was ineffective. Although L. roseipellis reduced inoculum by 60-80%, greater reductions would be necessary for acceptable control of this disease. Retention of dry bran-based inoculum on straw was enhanced by the use of alginate, but further improvements in formulation and application methods are required for effective biocontrol of pathogens in surface-borne crop residues. 19 NAL Call. No.: 100 M69MI Blackbelt prairie soil subject of cropping study. Mississippi State, Miss. : The Station; 1992 Apr. MAFES research highlights - Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station v. 55 (4): p. 4; 1992 Apr. Language: English Descriptors: Mississippi; Prairies; Prairie soils; Erosion; No-tillage; Tillage 20 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 W27PN Blackgrass Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. Aldrich-Markham, S. Corvallis, Or. : The Service; 1992 Jan. PNW - Pacific Northwest Extension Publication, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho State Universities, Cooperative Extension Service (377): 4 p.; 1992 Jan. In Subseries: Weeds. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Washington; Oregon; Alopecurus myosuroides; Weed control; No-tillage; Cultural control; Plowing; Herbicides 21 NAL Call. No.: aS622.S6 Buffer strips, conservation tillage pay off. Gillespie, M. Washington, D.C. : The Service; 1992 Jan. Soil & water conservation news - U.S. Deptartment of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service v. 12 (5): p. 7; 1992 Jan. Language: English Descriptors: Alabama; Conservation tillage; Erosion control; Gossypium 22 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3 Bulk density of a sandy loam: traffic, tillage, and irrigation-method effects. Meek, B.D.; Rechel, E.R.; Carter, L.M.; DeTar, W.R. Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1992 Mar. Soil Science Society of America journal v. 56 (2): p. 562-565; 1992 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: California; Sandy loam soils; Soil density; Bulk density; Trafficability; Soil compaction; Chiselling; Resistance to penetration; Infiltration; Trickle irrigation; Flood irrigation; Furrows Abstract: Modern crop production creates a cycle between soil compaction caused by traffic and alleviation of this condition by tillage or natural processes such as freezing and thawing. The objective of this study was to evaluate important management practices as they relate to changes in bulk density of a tilled sandy loam soil. Practices evaluated were irrigation method, time between tillage and traffic, tire pressure and wheel load of applied traffic, and controlled traffic. Relationships among bulk density, penetration resistance, and infiltration rate were determined. Experiments were conducted in the San Joaquin Valley of California, on a sandy loam soil (Entisol) with an organic-matter content of < 1%. After tillage, settling and trafficking of a soil resulted in rapid changes in its bulk density until a new equilibrium was reached. Tire pressure of 408 kPa and wheel weight of 2724 kg applied at moisture contents near field capacity resulted in a bulk density of 1.92 Mg m-3, compared with a value of 1.67 for no traffic. The time interval between tillage and traffic did not affect final bulk density. Drip irrigation, which did not saturate the soil, resulted in a bulk density of approximately 0.1 Mg m-3 lower than flood irrigation, which saturated the soil surface. Wheel traffic in the furrow resulted in only small changes in the bulk density within the row. When tillage did not occur between cropping seasons, traffic caused high bulk densities in the furrow but only small changes in the row. An increase in bulk density from 1.7 to 1.89 Mg m-3 decreased the infiltration rate by four times and increased resistance to penetration at the end of the season by three times. Knowledge of how management practices affect bulk density can aid growers in reducing recompaction following tillage. 23 NAL Call. No.: SB610.2.B74 Changes in weed populations and seed bank through two cycles of a maize-soyabean rotation in Ontario, Canada. Benoit, D.L.; Swanton, C.J.; Chandler, K.; Derksen, D.A. Surrey : BCPC Registered Office; 1991. Brighton Crop Protection Conference-Weeds v. 1: p. 403-410; 1991. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ontario; Zea mays; Glycine max; Rotation; Weed control; Herbicides; Minimum tillage; Seed banks 24 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3 Chemical attributes of soils subjected to no-till cropping with rye cover crops. Eckert, D.J. Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1991 Mar. Soil Science Society of America journal v. 55 (2): p. 405-409; 1991 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ohio; Secale cereale; Zea mays; Glycine max; Soil chemistry; Calcium; Carbon; Magnesium; Nitrogen fertilizers; Phosphorus; Potassium; No-tillage; Rotations; Soil fertility; Soil physical properties Abstract: Rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crops are often promoted to supply additional residue in no-till production situations; however, the effect of inclusion of rye on soil chemical properties is largely unknown. Soils were sampled, 20 cm deep, from four 4-yr studies in which no-till corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) were grown continuously or in rotation on a Canfield silt loam (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Aquic Fragiudalf) or in rotation only on a Hoytville silty clay (fine, illitic, mesic Mollic Ochraqualf), with and without a winter rye cover crop. Corn had been fertilized each spring with 224 kg N ha(-1) as either injected anhydrous ammonia or surface-broadcast urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN) solution. All plots sampled showed greater concentrations of organic C, exchangeable K, and Bray-1 extractable P in the surface 5-cm increment of soil than deeper in the sampled profile. Exchangeable Ca and Mg concentrations were often less at this depth than deeper in the profile, particularly when N was applied as surface-broadcast UAN solution. Soil pH was generally lowest in the zone of N application. Addition of the rye cover crop had little effect on the distribution of chemical attributes, other than increasing concentrations of exchangeable K near the soil surface in several comparisons. 25 NAL Call. No.: S451.P4P45 Cleaning up with dirty farming. Pruyne, R. University Park, Pa. : Pennsylvania State University; 1991. PennState agriculture. p. 8-11; 1991. Language: English Descriptors: Pennsylvania; Conservation tillage; Erosion control; Topsoil; Erosion 26 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39 Common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) control with non-selective herbicides. Higgins, J.M.; Whitwell, T.; Toler, J.E. Champaign, Ill. : The Society; 1991 Oct. Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of America v. 5 (4): p. 884-886; 1991 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: South Carolina; Triticum aestivum; Weed control; Chemical control; Glyphosate; Paraquat; Glufosinate; Conservation tillage; Application rates 27 NAL Call. No.: HD1773.A2N6 Comparative economics of alternative agricultural production systems: a review. Fox, G.; Weersink, A.; Sarwar, G.; Duff, S.; Deen, B. Morgantown, W.Va. : The Northeastern Agricultural and Resource Economics Association; 1991 Apr. Northeastern journal of agricultural and resource economics v. 20 (1): p. 124-142; 1991 Apr. Paper submitted in response to call for papers on the theme "The Effects of Agricultural Production on Environmental Quality.". Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: North America; Crops; Vegetables; Conservation tillage; Erosion; Pest control; Environmental protection; Valuation; Externalities; Agricultural production; Profitability; Economic impact; Literature reviews; Alternative farming; Organic farming; Traditional farming 28 NAL Call. No.: 450 C16 A comparison of broadcast and drill methods for no-till seeding winter wheat. Collins, B.A.; Fowler, D.B. Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1992 Oct. Canadian journal of plant science; Revue canadienne de phytotechnie v. 72 (4): p. 1001-1008; 1992 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Saskatchewan; Triticum aestivum; No-tillage; Sowing date; Sowing methods; Sowing rates; Broadcasting; Crop establishment; Crop yield; Plant development; Brassica campestris; Brassica napus; Linum usitatissimum 29 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822 Comparison of slug Mollusca: Pulmonata) trapping in no-till alfalfa. Barratt, B.I.P.; Byers, R.A.; Bierlein, D.L. Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1993 Jun. Journal of economic entomology v. 86 (3): p. 917-923; 1993 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Pennsylvania; Medicago sativa; No-tillage; Plant pests; Slugs; Trapping; Arion fasciatus; Deroceras laeve; Deroceras reticulatum Abstract: A comparison of defined-area traps (DATs) and refuge traps (RTs), in no-till alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) to census the slug species Deroceras reticulatum (Muller), Deroceras laevae (Muller), and Arion fasciatus (Nielson) was made. The objective of the study was to determine whether Rts could be used in a range of crop densities and climatic conditions to assess slug density. In relation to slug density measured by DATs, Rts were less effective in trapping slugs in spring, when D. reticulatum was very small, but trapped relatively higher numbers than DATs when slugs were larger. Trapping methods were assessed between May and November in no-till alfalfa plots with plant densities ranging from 52 to 99% total plant cover in May to 78 to 91% cover in July. Alfalfa crop density had no effect upon RT catches except in dry conditions in June, when Rts collected more slugs in plots with most vegetation cover. Neither trap collected slugs during severe drought conditions in July when soil moisture content in the top 5 cm of the soil profile dropped to about 6%. 30 NAL Call. No.: 56.8 J822 A comparison of wing-chisel tillage with conventional tillage on crop yield, resource conservation, and economics. Heilman, M.D.; Hickman, M.V.; Taylor, M.J. Ankeny, Iowa : Soil and Water Conservation Society of America; 1991 Jan. Journal of soil and water conservation v. 46 (1): p. 78-80; 1991 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Texas; Sorghum bicolor; Tillage; Crop yield; Economics 31 NAL Call. No.: 100 M69MI Compliance means reliance on research and ryegrass. Broadway, R. Mississippi State, Miss. : The Station; 1991 Dec. MAFES research highlights - Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station v. 54 (12): p. 4; 1991 Dec. Language: English Descriptors: Mississippi; Grasslands; Fodder crops; Legislation; Conservation tillage; Soil conservation 32 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792 Conservation cropping systems for the semi-arid tropics of north Queensland, Australia. Cogle, A.L.; Bateman, R.J.; Heiner, D.H. East Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1991. Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 31 (4): p. 515-523. maps; 1991. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Queensland; Arachis hypogaea; Sorghum bicolor; Zea mays; Conservation tillage; Cropping systems; Crop yield; Semiarid zones; Tropics; Weed control 33 NAL Call. No.: 56.8 J822 Conservation tillage and season effects on soil erosion risk. Mills, W.C.; Thomas, A.W.; Langdale, G.W. Ankeny, Iowa : Soil and Water Conservation Society of America; 1991 Nov. Journal of soil and water conservation v. 46 (6): p. 452-460; 1991 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Erosion; Conservation tillage; Watersheds; Rain; Runoff; Losses from soil systems; Crop management; Probability; Risk; Seasonal variation; Effects 34 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 M58B Conservation tillage drills available in Michigan. Pierce, F.J.; Landeck, J.K.; King, R.L.; Harrigan, T.M. East Lansing, Mich. : The Service; 1992 Jun. Extension bulletin E - Cooperative Extension Service, Michigan State University (2337): 4 p.; 1992 Jun. Language: English Descriptors: Michigan; Direct sowing; Drills 35 NAL Call. No.: S530.J6 A conservation tillage educational program. Dickey, E.C.; Jasa, P.J.; Shelton, D.P. Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991. Journal of agronomic education v. 20 (2): p. 102-107; 1991. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Nebraska; Conservation tillage; Educational programs; Erosion; Erosion control; Fuel consumption; Energy conservation; Cooperative extension service; Program evaluation; Surveys 36 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.N6N62 Conservation tillage for burley tobacco: nitrogen recommendations. Hoyt, G.D. Raleigh, N.C. : The Service; 1992 Dec. AG - North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service, North Carolina State University v.): p. 36-38; 1992 Dec. In th series analytic: 1993 Burley Tobacco. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: North Carolina; Nicotiana tabacum; Conservation tillage; Nitrogen; Application rates; Transplanters; Farm machinery; Cover crops 37 NAL Call. No.: aG3701.J2 1991 .U5 Map Conservation tillage in the US 1991., Rev. Oct. 1991.. United States. Soil Conservation Service; National Cartographic Center (U.S.) Ft. Worth, TX : USDA-SCS-National Cartographic Center ; West Lafayette, IN. : Conservation Technology Information Center, [distributor],; 1991. 1 map : col. ; 19 x 25 cm. Data provided by CTIC 1991. Map prepared using automated map construction. National Cartographic Center, Fort Worth, Texas 1991. Computer screen image map. Includes graph of "Acres planted by region" and inset map. 1006643. Language: English Descriptors: Conservation tillage 38 NAL Call. No.: aG3701.J2 1992 .U5 Map Conservation tillage in the US 1992., Rev. Oct. 1992.. United States. Soil Conservation Service; National Cartography and Geographic Information Systems Center (U.S.) Ft. Worth, TX : USDA-SCS-National Cartography and GIS Center ; West Lafayette, IN. : Conservation Technology Information Center, [distributor],; 1992. 1 map : col. ; 19 x 25 cm. Source: Data provided by CTIC 1991. Data for Alaska and Hawaii falls below minimum category. Map prepared using automated map construction. National Cartography and Geographic Information System Center, Fort Worth, Texas, 1992. Computer generated map. Includes graph of "Acres planted by region" and inset map. 1006643. Language: English; English Descriptors: Conservation tillage 39 NAL Call. No.: aZ5071.N3 Conservation tillage, including minimum and no-tillage: January 1979-August 1991. MacLean, J.T. Beltsville, Md. : The Library; 1991 Oct. Quick bibliography series - U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library (U.S.). (92-02): 72 p.; 1991 Oct. Updates QB 90-15. Bibliography. Language: English Descriptors: Conservation tillage; No-tillage; Minimum tillage; Bibliographies 40 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6 Conservation tillage overview and terminology. Hutchinson, R.L. Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1993. Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Conferences. p. 108-110; 1993. Meeting held January 10-14, 1993, New Orleans, Louisiana. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Conservation tillage; Terminology 41 NAL Call. No.: 100 Al1H A conservation tillage practice that resists compaction. Raper, R.L.; Reeves, D.W.; Torbert, H.A. Auburn, Ala. : Agricultural Experiment Station of Auburn University, 1954-; 1993. Highlights of agricultural research v. 40 (2): p. 3; 1993. Language: English Descriptors: Alabama; Cabt; Conservation tillage; Soil compaction; Subsoilers 42 NAL Call. No.: 100 L93 (3) Conservation tillage studies. Bollich, P.K.; Leonards, W.J. Jr; Romero, G.R.; Walker, D.M. Crowley, La. : The Station; 1991. Annual research report - Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station (83rd): p. 152-160; 1991. Language: English Descriptors: Louisiana; Oryza sativa; Cultivars; Conservation tillage 43 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6 Conservation tillage systems and cotton insect pest management in Louisiana. Leonard, B.R.; Hutchinson, R.L.; Graves, J.B. Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1992. Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Production Research Conferences v. 2: p. 807-810; 1992. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Louisiana; Gossypium; Conservation tillage; Insect pests; Pest control 44 NAL Call. No.: S604.C675 1992 Conservation tillage systems and management crop residue management with no-till, ridge-till, mulch-till., 1st ed.. Midwest Plan Service Ames, IA : MidWest Plan Service, Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Dept., Iowa State University,; 1992. iv, 140 p. : ill. (some col.), maps ; 28 cm. MWPS-45. Includes bibliographical references (p. 132-135) and index. Language: English Descriptors: Conservation tillage 45 NAL Call. No.: Videocassette no.1616 Conservation tillage using SCEPTER herbicide [and] SQUADRON herbicide American Cyanamide Company.. Using SCEPTER herbicide and SQUADRON herbicide in conservation tillage American Cyanamid Company Wayne, NJ : The Company,; 1992. 1 videocassette (13 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in. + 1 booklet (14 p. ; 28 cm.). Title on cassette label: Using SCEPTER herbicide and SQUADRON herbicide in conservation tillage. Language: English Descriptors: Herbicides; Conservation tillage Abstract: Shows how to apply SCEPTER and SQAUDRON herbicides in various methods of conservation tillage. 46 NAL Call. No.: 1.98 AG84 Conserving cropland for the future. Corliss, J. Washington, D.C. : The Service; 1991 Jun. Agricultural research - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service v. 39 (6): p. 12-15; 1991 Jun. Language: English Descriptors: Conservation tillage; Soil conservation; Erosion; Weed control 47 NAL Call. No.: SB327.M52 Considerations for no tillage in dry beans. Horny, P. Saginaw, Mich. : Michigan Bean Shippers Association; 1992. Michigan dry bean digest v. 16 (3): p. 17; 1992. Language: English Descriptors: Dry beans; No-tillage 48 NAL Call. No.: SB599.C35 Contribution of Avena spp., used in crop rotation systems under conservation tillage, to the inoculum levels of some cereal pathogens. Fernandez, M.R.; Swift Current, Saskatchewan; Santos, H.P. dos Guelph, Ont. : Canadian Phytopathological Society; 1992. Canadian journal of plant pathology; Revue Canadienne de phytopathologie v. 14 (4): p. 271-277; 1992. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rio grande do sul; Parana; Triticum aestivum; Hordeum vulgare; Avena sativa; Avena nuda; Cochliobolus sativus; Gibberella zeae; Crop residues; Pyrenophora avenae; Plant pathogenic fungi; Fungal diseases; Incidence; Rotations; Conservation tillage; Inoculum density; Field tests; Greenhouse culture 49 NAL Call. No.: 79.9 W52R Control of annual bromes and Italian ryegrass using triallate in winter wheat with varying levels of crop residue. Aldrich-Markham, S. S.l. : The Society; 1992. Research progress report - Western Society of Weed Science. p. III/155-III/156; 1992. Meeting held on March 9-12, 1992, Salt Lake City, Utah. Language: English Descriptors: Oregon; Triticum; Bromus; Herbicides; Lolium multiflorum; Minimum tillage; Weed control; Crop residues 50 NAL Call. No.: NBULD3656 1992 L5643 Controlled wheel traffic effects on soil properties in ridge till.. University of Nebraska--Lincoln thesis : Agronomy Liebig, Mark A. 1992; 1992. ix, 97 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm. Includes bibliographical references. Language: English 51 NAL Call. No.: 100 T25F Corn hybrids compared in no-till and conventional cropping systems. Graves, C.R.; West, D.R.; Kincer, D.R.; Harrison, M.P.; Bradley, J.F. Knoxville, Tenn. : The Station; 1993. Tennessee farm and home science : progress report - Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station (165): p. 11-16; 1993. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Tennessee; Zea mays; No-tillage; Cultivars; Crop yield; Tillage 52 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P Corn response to rye cover crop, tillage methods, and planter options. Raimbault, B.A.; Vyn, T.J.; Tollenaar, M. Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Mar. Agronomy journal v. 83 (2): p. 287-290; 1991 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ontario; Zea mays; Cover crops; Secale cereale; No-tillage; Plowing; Tillage; Planters; Coulters; Crop residues; Preplanting treatment; Application date; Timing; Paraquat; Crop yield; Dry matter accumulation Abstract: Studies in Ontario have shown that corn (Zea mays L.) yields are reduced when corn is seeded immediately after rye (Secale cereale L.) harvest or chemical kill of winter rye. A study was conducted in 1983 and 1984 on a Maryhill (Typic Hapludalf) loam soil to determine the effect of spring tillage systems and timing of rye chemical kill on the subsequent corn crop. The rye was seeded in early October after corn silage harvest. The tillage treatments consisted of (i) moldboard plow plus secondary tillage, (ii) strip tillage, (iii) no-tillage with ripple coulters (iv) no-tillage with disc furrowers plus plow coulters, and (v) no-tillage with ripple coulters plus plow coulters. The rye kill treatments were early (2 wk before planting) or late (just prior to corn planting). Corn whole-plant yields averaged 13.6 and 12.4 Mg ha-1 for early and late rye kill, respectively. Corn yield in the moldboard plow treatment was higher thin in strip tillage and the average of no-till treatments; however, using disc furrowers produced yields equal to those with the moldboard plow treatment. Moving the residue out of the row with disc furrowers resulted in corn yields that were significantly higher than those in no-till treatments with ripple coulters. The improvement in plant growth due to an early rye kill (as opposed to a late rye kill) was often greater with the conservation tillage systems relative to the moldboard plow treatment. A crop production system is proposed involving chemical control of a winter rye cover crop 2 wk before corn planting and planting the corn with a modified no-till system that removes rye residue from the row area. 53 NAL Call. No.: S590.C63 Corn root dry matter and nitrogen distribution as determined by sampling multiple soil cores around individual plants. Crozier, C.R.; King, L.D. New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1993. Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 24 (11/12): p. 1127-1138; 1993. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: North Carolina; Zea mays; Roots; Shoots; Dry matter; Dry matter distribution; Nitrogen; Nutrient uptake; Nitrogen content; Plant composition; Spatial distribution; Tillage; No-tillage 54 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P Corn-weed interactions with long-term conservation tillage management. Coffman, C.B.; Frank, J.R. Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Jan. Agronomy journal v. 84 (1): p. 17-21; 1992 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Maryland; Zea mays; Crop weed competition; Conservation tillage; Continuous cropping; Monoculture; Herbicide mixtures; Alachlor; Glyphosate; Paraquat; Atrazine; Simazine; Cyanazine; Butylate; Eptc; Application rates; Timing; Application date; Weed control; Chemical control; Crop yield; Grain; Amaranthus hybridus; Panicum dichotomiflorum Abstract: The use of monoculture production systems such as continuous corn (Zea mays L.) in conservation-tillage systems has created a requirement for information concerning crop and weed responses to annual herbicide inputs. The objective of this 5-yr investigation (1981-1995) was to evaluate weed problems and delineate weed and crop interactions in continuous conservation-tillage corn as affected by annual herbicide applications. Preemergence treatments contained selected combinations of triazines or a triazine plus alachlor [2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide]. Preemergence or preplant incorporated herbicide mixtures were applied at common usage rates and compared for their effects on weed cover, weed species stability, and grain production. All plots were essentially weed-free the first year. Weed cover in most treatments increased significantly by the second year with fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx.) dominating the flora in Years 2 and 3, and smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus L.) dominating in Years 4 and 5. Smooth pigweed reached densities of 85% in several treatments. Fall panicum was the dominant weed in pre-plant incorporated treatments that contained atrazine [6- chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] plus a carbamothioate herbicide. Grain yields were negatively correlated with fall panicum densities in the second year in all herbicide treatments. Smooth pigweed densities were negatively correlated with grain yields in the fifth year in all preemergence treatments. Smooth pigweed densities were lower in triazine plus alachlor treatments than in double triazine treatments for the last 2 yr of the study. 55 NAL Call. No.: 56.8 J822 Costs of conventional and conservation tillage systems. Weersink, A.; Walker, M.; Swanton, C.; Shaw, J.E. Ankeny, Iowa : Soil and Water Conservation Society of America; 1992 Jul. Journal of soil and water conservation v. 47 (4): p. 328-334; 1992 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ontario; Zea mays; Glycine max; Clay soils; Clay loam soils; Sandy soils; Farm size; Cost analysis; Chiselling; Ridging; No-tillage; Plowing; Conservation tillage; Comparisons; Total costs; Farm inputs; Farm machinery; Labor costs; Labor requirements; Variable costs; Herbicides; Seasonal variation 56 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6 Cotton ridge-till and minimum tillage systems in Southeast Missouri. Ayers, V.H.; Albers, D.W. Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1993. Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Conferences. p. 503-504; 1993. Meeting held January 10-14, 1993, New Orleans, Louisiana. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Missouri; Gossypium hirsutum; Ridging; Tillage 57 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6 Cotton root growth in conventional vs reduced tillage systems. Lawlor, D.J.; Landivar, J.A.; Vasek, J.; Crenshaw, C. Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1991. Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Conferences v. 2: p. 817-819; 1991. Paper presented at the "Cotton Physiology Conference," 1991, San Antonio, Texas. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Texas; Gossypium hirsutum; Roots; Growth; Tillage; Minimum tillage; Crop yield 58 NAL Call. No.: 100 M69MI Crimson clover benefits soil, crops, and producers. Broadway, R. Mississippi State, Miss. : The Station; 1991 Dec. MAFES research highlights - Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station v. 54 (12): p. 7; 1991 Dec. Language: English Descriptors: Trifolium incarnatum; Nitrogen; Nitrogen fixation; Cover crops; Zea mays; Production costs; No-tillage 59 NAL Call. No.: S592.7.A1S6 Crop mulch effects on Rhizoctonia soil infestation and disease severity in conservation-tilled cotton. Rickerl, D.H.; Curl, E.A.; Touchton, J.T.; Gordon, W.B. Exeter : Pergamon Press; 1992 Jun. Soil biology and biochemistry v. 24 (6): p. 553-557; 1992 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Alabama; Gossypium; Vicia villosa; Trifolium incarnatum; Mulches; Rotations; Fallow; Rhizoctonia solani; Fungal diseases; Conservation tillage; Crop damage; Emergence; Survival; Soil fungi; Infestation; Population density; Virulence; Inoculum density; Crop residues; Seasonal variation; Soil temperature; Paleudults; Coastal plain soils; Sandy loam soils Abstract: Vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), and fallow (no winter cover crop) were used as mulch crops preceding cotton planted in a conservation tillage system. In field tests, cotton emergence and survival were reduced in legume mulches with significant differences at the second planting in 1985. Assessments of Rhizoctonia soil infestation estimated using a modified stem trap baiting procedure, indicated higher amounts of Rhizoctonia in cotton following legume crops than in cotton following fallow. In greenhouse studies, comparisons of warm (29 +/- 2 degrees C day and 21 +/-2 degrees C night) and cool (29 +/- 2 degrees C day and 10 +/- 2 degrees C night) temperature regimes imposed on the clover, vetch and fallow treatments, demonstrated that the cool temperature regime significantly reduced emergence and survival of cotton seedlings. However, there was no interaction of cropping treatments (legume cropped or fallowed treatments with temperature regimes). Cotton seedling disease severity in the greenhouse assay of field-collected soil samples showed a significant interaction among year, soil treatment and temperature. 60 NAL Call. No.: aS604.C76 1992 Crop residue management Minnesota job sheet-crop residue use and conservation tillage.. Minnesota job sheet-crop residue use and conservation tillage United States, Soil Conservation Service St. Paul, Minn. : USDA Soil Conservation Service,; 1992; A 57.2:M 66/5. [4] p. : col. ill. ; 28 cm. Caption title. Shipping list no.: 92-0464-P. June 1992. Language: English; English Descriptors: Crop residue management; Crop residues; Soil conservation 61 NAL Call. No.: aS624.I8C76 1992 Crop residue systems for conservation and profit. United States, Soil Conservation Service Des Moines, Iowa : The Service,; 1992. 15 p. : ill. (some col.) ; 28 cm. Cover title. October, 1992. Language: English Descriptors: Crop residue management; Conservation tillage 62 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P Crop rotation and tillage effects on corn growth and soil structural stability. Raimbault, B.A.; Vyn, T.J. Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Nov. Agronomy journal v. 83 (6): p. 979-985; 1991 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ontario; Zea mays; Rotations; Medicago sativa; Hordeum vulgare; Triticum aestivum; Trifolium pratense; Continuous cropping; Sequential cropping; Intercropping; Tillage; Minimum tillage; Crop yield; Grain; Growth rate; Soil structure; Aggregates; Stability; Long term experiments Abstract: Increasing concerns about soil degradation with continuous corn (Zea mays L.) production and a scarcity of scientific information regarding corn grown in rotation with the diversity of crops produced in Ontario, prompted a long term study on the effect of various crop rotations and their interaction with two tillage systems on corn growth and soil structure. Eight rotations were established in 1980 which included continuous corn, six rotations comprised of 2 yr of corn following 2 yr of another crop or crop sequence, and continuous alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Each rotation was divided into either conventional tillage (fall moldboard plow) or minimum tillage (fall chisel plow). First-year corn grown in rotation yielded 3.9% more than continuous corn for conventional tillage and 7.9% more than continuous corn for minimum tillage. These corn responses to rotation were smaller than most of those reported in the literature. When barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) or wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were the preceding crops, interseeding red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) increased first year corn yields only on conventionally tilled plots. Corn plant development was consistently slower with minimum tillage compared to conventional tillage. Yields were significantly lower with minimum tillage for continuous corn and where corn followed wheat interseeded with red clover. Little or no response to rotation was observed in second-year corn. The seedbed with continuous corn had a lower proportion of fine aggregates compared to corn grown in rotation. In most years soil aggregate stability was highest under continuous alfalfa and including a legume (whether alfalfa or interseeded red clover) in the rotation improved aggregate stability compared to continuous corn. 63 NAL Call. No.: 56.8 J822 Crop sequences and conservation tillage to control irrigation furrow erosion and increase farmer income. Carter, D.L.; Berg, R.D. Ankeny, Iowa : Soil and Water Conservation Society of America; 1991 Mar. Journal of soil and water conservation v. 46 (2): p. 139-142; 1991 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Conservation tillage; Furrows; Erosion; Furrow irrigation; Sequential cropping; Research 64 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68 Crop yields and economic returns accompanying the transition to alternative farming systems. Smolik, J.D.; Dobbs, T.L. Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Apr. Journal of production agriculture v. 4 (2): p. 153-161; 1991 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: South Dakota; Northern plains states of U.S.A.; Farming systems; Organic farming; Crop yield; Tillage; Ridging; Minimum tillage; Rowcrops; Field crops; Grain crops; Rotations; Herbicides; Fertilizers; Precipitation; Economic evaluation; Returns; Profits; Farm income; Production costs; Comparisons 65 NAL Call. No.: S590.S65 Cropping systems effects of a newly-cleared ultisol in Southern Nigeria. Lal, R.; Ghuman, B.S.; Shearer, W. Cremlingen-Destedt, W. Ger. : CATENA Verlag; 1992 Mar. Soil technology v. 5 (1): p. 27-38; 1992 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Nigeria; Ultisols; Humid tropics; Acid soils; Manihot esculenta; Elaeis guineensis; Musa; Root crops; Grain crops; Cropping systems; Alley cropping; Traditional farming; Tropical rain forests; Land clearance; Erosion; Earthworms; Biological activity in soil; Crop production; Crop yield; Dry season; Wet season; Rain; Temporal variation; Runoff; Infiltration; No-tillage; Soil structure; Land productivity; Soil fertility; Sustainability 66 NAL Call. No.: 100 OK4 (3) Cultural control of greenbugs. Burton, R.L.; Burd, J.D. Stillwater, Okla. : The Station; 1991 May. Miscellaneous publication - Agricultural Experiment Station, Oklahoma State University (132): p. 262; 1991 May. In the series analytic: Aphid-Plant Interaction: Populations to Molecules / edited by D.C. Peters, J.A. Webster, and C.S. Chlouber. Paper presented at a symposium held August 12-17, 1990, Stillwater, Oklahoma. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Texas; Nebraska; Schizaphis graminum; Insect control; Cultural control; No-tillage 67 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39 Decreasing rates of nonselective herbicides in double-crop no-till soybeans (Glycine max). Moseley, C.M.; Hagood, E.S. Jr Champaign, Ill. : The Society; 1991 Jan. Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of America v. 5 (1): p. 198-201; 1991 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Virginia; Glycine max; Double cropping; No-tillage; Weed control; Chemical control; Chlorimuron; Linuron; Glyphosate; Paraquat; Herbicide mixtures; Digitaria sanguinalis; Application rates 68 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 IO9PA Demonstration of how fertilizer placement interacts with root growth. Kaspar, T.C.; Cruse, R.M.; Timmons, D.R. Ames, Iowa : The Service; 1991 Jan. PM - Iowa State University, Cooperative Extension Service (1417): p. 63-68; 1991 Jan. In the series analytic: Integrated Farm Management Demonstration Program. 1990 Progress Report. Language: English Descriptors: Iowa; Nitrogen fertilizers; Conservation tillage; Liquid fertilizer distributors; Crop yield 69 NAL Call. No.: S671.A66 Design and performance of a bed-forming machine for controlled-traffic no-tillage system. Morrison, J.E. Jr St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers; 1992 Mar. Applied engineering in agriculture v. 8 (2): p. 179-182; 1992 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Texas; Farm machinery; Structural design; Performance; Land forming; Raised beds; No-tillage; Clay soils; Conservation tillage Abstract: An experimental bed-forming machine was designed and developed for the operational conditions of controlled-traffic, tillage, cropping systems on the Texas Blackland Prairie. The machine was front mounted on a two-wheel-drive tractor to cut two spaced furrows and form raised wide beds when initiating such a tillage and cropping system. Subsequent rebedding was conducted after one or more cropping years, when the soil was covered with crop residues. The experimental machine was satisfactory in difficult clay soils. Alternative furrow plows could be used for other soil conditions. 70 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3 Differential phosphorus retention in soil profiles under no-till crop production. Guertal, E.A.; Eckert, D.J.; Traina, S.J.; Logan, T.J. Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1991 Mar. Soil Science Society of America journal v. 55 (2): p. 410-413; 1991 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ohio; Zea mays; Phosphorus; Soil chemistry; Soil fertility; No-tillage; Extraction; Field tests; Sorption Abstract: Field trials in Ohio have shown that the Bray-1 P soil-test level for optimum corn (Zea mays L.) production is greater for no-till than for conventionally (moldboard plow) tilled corn. Studies using Hoytville silty clay loam (fine, illitic, mesic Mollic Ochraqualf) and Canfield silt loam (fine- loamy, mixed, mesic Aquic Fragiudalf) taken from long-term no-tillage plots indicated decreased retention of P against the Bray-1 extractant in surface soils, compared with samples from deeper within the soil profile. In an effort to further examine the P-retention characteristics of no-till soil profiles, experiments were prepared using P-sorption isotherms, before and after a series of sequential anion resin extractions. Prior to sequential extractions, the isotherms showed decreased sorption of P at the soil surface (0-2 cm), compared with deeper soil layers. Resin extraction removed more P from surface layers than deeper depths, and the quantity of P removed with each extraction declined much more quickly in the surface layers than in lower depths. After resin extraction there was a trend for greater retention of P against the Bray-1 extractant in the upper soil layers. Sorption isotherms created after resin extraction show increased P sorption at all depths and closer agreement between the shape of the isotherm curves. It appears that accumulated P on the soil surface saturates P fixation sites, resulting in differential retention of P with depth. 71 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39 Directed sprayer for targeting pesticides. Morrison, J.E. Jr; Chandler, J.M. Champaign, Ill. : The Society; 1992 Apr. Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of America v. 6 (2): p. 441-444; 1992 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rowcrops; No-tillage; Conservation tillage; Pesticides; Application methods; Sprayers 72 NAL Call. No.: QL461.G4 Diurnal abundance and spatial distribution of armyworm, (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in no-till corn. Laub, C.A.; Luna, J.M. Tifton, Ga. : Georgia Entomological Society; 1991 Apr. Journal of entomological science v. 26 (2): p. 261-266; 1991 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Virginia; Zea mays; Mythimna unipuncta; Diurnal activity; Spatial distribution; Feeding behavior; Sampling; No-tillage 73 NAL Call. No.: S79.E8 Doublecropping systems for soybean and beef production. Hovermale, C.H.; Davis, J.D.; St. Louis, D.G. Mississippi State, Miss. : The Station; 1992 Apr. Technical bulletin - Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station (181): 8 p.; 1992 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Mississippi; Glycine max; Beef cattle; Double cropping; Grazing; No-tillage; Aerial sowing; Crop yield; Stocking rate 74 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39 Early preplant atrazine and metolachlor in conservation tillage corn (Zea mays). Buhler, D.D. Champaign, Ill. : The Society; 1991 Jan. Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of America v. 5 (1): p. 66-71; 1991 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Wisconsin; Zea mays; Weed control; Chemical control; Atrazine; Metolachlor; Preplanting treatment; Application methods; Timing; No-tillage; Chiselling; Conservation tillage; Abutilon theophrasti; Setaria faberi 75 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39 Early season herbicide applications for weed control in stale seedbed soybean (Glycine max). Bruff, S.A.; Shaw, D.R. Champaign, Ill. : The Society; 1992 Jan. Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of America v. 6 (1): p. 36-44; 1992 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Mississippi; Glycine max; Weed control; Chemical control; Cassia obtusifolia; Ipomoea lacunosa; Sesbania exaltata; Chlorimuron; Glyphosate; Imazaquin; Metribuzin; Paraquat; Conservation tillage; Application date; Crop yield 76 NAL Call. No.: SB610.2.B74 Ecofallow and winter wheat weed control with UCC C4243. Bell, A.R.; Walz, A.W.; Joy, D.N. Surrey : BCPC Registered Office; 1991. Brighton Crop Protection Conference-Weeds v. 2: p. 807-812; 1991. Conference held November 18-21, 1991, Brighton, England. Language: English Descriptors: Triticum aestivum; Amaranthus retroflexus; Kochia scoparia; Weed control; Herbicides; No-tillage 77 NAL Call. No.: 450 C16 Economic analysis of alternative cropping systems for a bean/wheat rotation on light-textured soils. Yiridoe, E.K.; Weersink, A.; Roy, R.C.; Swanton, C.J. Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1993 Apr. Canadian journal of plant science; Revue canadienne de phytotechnie v. 73 (2): p. 405-415; 1993 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ontario; Triticum aestivum; Glycine max; Phaseolus vulgaris; No- tillage; Tillage; Rotations; Sandy loam soils; Crop yield; Returns; Production costs; Cover crops; Secale cereale; Zea mays 78 NAL Call. No.: 100 L939 An economic analysis of reduced tillage cotton production. Paxton, K.W.; Lavergne, D.R. Baton Rouge, La. : The Station; 1991. Louisiana agriculture - Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station v. 34 (4): p. 8-9; 1991. Language: English Descriptors: Louisiana; Gossypium; Minimum tillage; Economic analysis; Crop production 79 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6 Economic analysis of ridge-till and minimum till systems in Missouri. Reinbott, D. Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1993. Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Conferences. p. 505-507; 1993. Meeting held January 10-14, 1993, New Orleans, Louisiana. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Missouri; Ridging; Minimum tillage; Economic analysis 80 NAL Call. No.: 281.8 C16 Economic comparison of alternative tillage systems under risk. Weersink, A.; Walker, M.; Swanton, C.; Shaw, J. Ottawa : Canadian Agricultural Economics and Farm Management Society; 1992 Jul. Canadian journal of agricultural economics; Revue Canadienne d'economie rurale v. 40 (2): p. 199-217; 1992 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ontario; Maize; Soybeans; Cash crops; Tillage; No-tillage; Chiselling; Production costs; Farm comparisons; Risk; Ranking; Farm income; Farm size; Soil types; Stochastic processes; Conservation tillage; Alternative farming; Ridging; Crop yield; Zea mays; Glycine max 81 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68 An economic comparison of the wheat-fallow and wheat-sorghum-fallow cropping systems. Norwood, C.A.; Dhuyvetter, K.C. Madison, WI : American Society of Agronomy, c1987-; 1993 Apr. Journal of production agriculture v. 6 (2): p. 261-266; 1993 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Kansas; Cabt; Triticum aestivum; Sorghum bicolor; Crop yield; Fallow; Rotations; Minimum tillage; No-tillage; Economic analysis; Acreage; Production costs; Deficiency payments; Federal programs; Returns 82 NAL Call. No.: 79.8 W41 The economics of alternative tillage systems, crop rotations, and herbicide use on three representative East-Central Corn Belt farms. Martin, M.A.; Schreiber, M.M.; Riepe, J.R.; Bahr, J.R. Champaign, Ill. : Weed Science Society of America; 1991 Apr. Weed science v. 39 (2): p. 299-307; 1991 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Indiana; Triticum aestivum; Zea mays; Glycine max; Cost benefit analysis; Conservation tillage; Sustainability; Integrated pest management; Alternative farming; Farm income; Farm inputs; Herbicides; Weed control; Rotations; Farm size; No-tillage; Farm results; Crop yield; Continuous cropping; Chiselling; Mathematical models; Linear programming Abstract: A linear programming model was used to determine which crop rotations and weed management systems result in the highest net farm income for each of three farm sizes (120, 240, and 480 hectares) under alternative tillage systems. Test plot data for the years 1981 through 1988 from the Purdue University Agronomy Farm, which has highly productive, well-drained soils, were analyzed. Net incomes for no-till tillage systems on all farms in the model were consistently and significantly lower than incomes for moldboard and chisel plow tillage systems due to slightly lower yields and substantially higher herbicide costs. Generally, net farm incomes were slightly higher with a moldboard plow versus chisel plow tillage system. Also, as farm size increased, per hectare net incomes increased. About 80% of the time under moldboard or chisel plow tillage systems, the model chose as optimal the lowest of three herbicide application rates. A corn/soybean rotation was chosen as optimal on 56% of the farm area analyzed, versus 25% for continuous corn and 13% for a corn/soybean/wheat rotation. 83 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6 Economics of reduced tillage cotton production systems in Louisiana. Paxton, K.W.; Lavergne, D.R. Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1991. Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Conferences v. 1: p. 400-401; 1991. Paper presented at the "Cotton Economics and Marketing Conference," 1991, San Antonio, Texas. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Louisiana; Gossypium hirsutum; Crop production; Minimum tillage; Cost benefit analysis 84 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39 Effect of 2,4-D and dicamba residues on following crops in conservation tillage systems. Moyer, J.R.; Bergen, P.; Schaalje, G.B. Champaign, Ill. : The Society; 1992 Jan. Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of America v. 6 (1): p. 149-155; 1992 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Hordeum vulgare; Triticum aestivum; Lens culinaris; Pisum sativum; Brassica napus; Rotations; Medicago sativa; Conservation tillage; Weed control; Chemical control; Herbicide residues; 2,4-d; Dicamba; Glyphosate; Residual effects; Application date; Phytotoxicity; Crop damage; Spring; Sowing date; Crop yield 85 NAL Call. No.: QH84.8.B46 Effect of different soil cultivation systems, including no-tillage, on electro-ultrafiltration extractable organic nitrogen. Hutsch, B.; Mengel, K. Berlin ; a Secaucus, N.J. : Springer International, 1985-; 1993. Biology and fertility of soils v. 16 (3): p. 233-237; 1993. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cultivation; No-tillage; Mineralization; Nitrogen; Soil fertility; Soil organic matter; Ultrafiltration 86 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 IO9PA Effect of different tillage systems on energy conservation. Cruse, R.M.; Colvin, T.S.; Musselman, A. Ames, Iowa : The Service; 1992 Jan. PM - Iowa State University, Cooperative Extension Service (1467): p. 11-16; 1992 Jan. In the series analytic: Integrated farm management demonstration program--1991 progress report. Language: English Descriptors: Iowa; Conservation tillage; Energy conservation; Erosion; Crop yield; Crop residues 87 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 IO9PA Effect of different tillage systems on energy conservation. Cruse, R.M.; Colvin, T.S. Ames, Iowa : The Service; 1991 Jan. PM - Iowa State University, Cooperative Extension Service (1417): p. 19-22; 1991 Jan. In the series analytic: Integrated Farm Management Demonstration Program. 1990 Progress Report. Language: English Descriptors: Iowa; Conservation tillage; Energy conservation; Demonstration farms; Tillage; Yields 88 NAL Call. No.: QL461.G4 Effect of disk harrowing on subsequent emergence of Hessian fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) adults from wheat stubble. Zeiss, M.R.; Brandenburg, R.L.; Van Duyn, J.W. Griffin, Ga. : Georgia Entomological Society; 1993 Jan. Journal of entomological science v. 28 (1): p. 8-15; 1993 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: North Carolina; Triticum aestivum; Glycine max; Mayetiola destructor; Insect control; Stubble; Disc harrows; Tillage; No-tillage 89 NAL Call. No.: S590.C63 Effect of nitrogen and nitrogen placement on no-till small grains: plant nitrogen relationships. Jackson, G.D.; Kushnak, G.D.; Berg, R.K.; Carlson, G.R. New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1992. Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 23 (17/20): p. 2425-2435; 1992. In the Special Issue: International symposium on soil testing and plant analysis in the global community. Paper presented at the second international symposium, August 22-27, 1991, Orlando, Florida. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Montana; Triticum aestivum; Hordeum vulgare; No-tillage; Nitrogen fertilizers; Application rates; Placement; Nitrogen; Soil testing; Nutrient uptake; Protein content; Grain; Nutrient content 90 NAL Call. No.: S590.C63 Effect of nitrogen and nitrogen placement on no-till small grains: plant yield relationships. Kushnak, G.D.; Jackson, G.D.; Berg, R.K.; Carlson, G.R. New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1992. Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 23 (17/20): p. 2437-2449; 1992. In the Special Issue: International symposium on soil testing and plant analysis in the global community. Paper presented at the second international symposium, August 22-27, 1991, Orlando, Florida. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Montana; Triticum aestivum; Hordeum vulgare; No-tillage; Continuous cropping; Soil testing; Nitrogen; Nutrient content; Nitrogen fertilizers; Use efficiency; Placement; Application rates; Crop yield 91 NAL Call. No.: QK867.J67 Effect of several production factors on two varieties of rapeseed in the central United States. Yusuf, R.I.; Bullock, D.G. New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1993. Journal of plant nutrition v. 16 (7): p. 1279-1288; 1993. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Illinois; Brassica napus; Ammonium nitrate; Application rates; Application date; Planting date; Tillage; Crop yield; Rapeseed oil; Nitrogen content; Lodging; Overwintering; Survival; Cultivars; Split dressings Abstract: Two varieties of winter rapeseed (Brassica napus) (Cobra and Liborius) were planted at Brownstown, IL to evaluate the effect of planting date, nitrogen (N) rate, N application timing, and tillage on grain yield and oil content of the grain, grain moisture, plant lodging, winter survival, and plant N content. Results indicated that planting rapeseed approximately one to two weeks prior to winter wheat in this region is preferable to planting earlier. Grain yield showed a significant linear increase with delayed planting date from 25 August to 24 September. Grain yield also increased quadratically with increasing N rate (with an optimum of about 250 kg N/ha) and increased (0.15 Mg/ha) due to splitting the N fertilizer into two even applications. An increase in grain yield was accompanied by an increase in grain moisture with Liborius (late maturing) having significantly greater grain moisture than Cobra. Winter survival increased linearly with delayed planting date but, was accompanied by a significant quadratic increase in plant lodging. Chisel, as compared to disk tillage, increased plant lodging slightly, but decreased winter survival slightly. Neither delayed planting, N rate, nor splitting of spring N affected oil content. Liborius produced significantly more oil than did Cobra. 92 NAL Call. No.: S592.7.A1S6 Effect of soil compaction on activity and biomass of endogeic lumbricids in arable soils. Sochtig, W.; Larink, O. Exeter : Pergamon Press; 1992 Dec. Soil biology and biochemistry v. 24 (12): p. 1595-1599; 1992 Dec. In the special issue ISEE 4. Proceedings of the "4th International Symposium on Earthworm Ecology," June 11-15, 1990, Avignon, France / edited by A. Kretzschmar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Germany; Aporrectodea caliginosa; Aporrectodea; Earthworms; Lumbricidae; Species; Soil compaction; Population density; Biomass; Biological activity in soil; Soil density; Farm machinery; Traffic; Triticum aestivum; Conservation tillage Abstract: Between June 1988 and October 1989 the effect of soil compaction on abundance and biomass of active lumbricids was investigated in a longterm field experiment under spring-wheat and winter-barley. Seven plots were subjected to loads by agricultural machinery under conditions simulating three common kinds of agricultural practice and compared to an unloaded control plot (Table 1). The dominant species of the investigation area, Aporrectodea caliginosa and A. rosea (99.3% of total individual number) had their highest activity and biomass in the uncompact control plot. Lowest individual numbers were found in the extremely loaded wheel-track and the conservation tillage area. The extensive cultivation of this area began just at the start of the field experiment, so that a greater earthworm population had not had time to establish itself In pot experiments the activity of the endogeic species A. caliginosa was investigated in tripartioned soil columns (40 cm long X 19 cm wide), each differently compact to pore volumes (pv) of 37.5, 42.5, 47.5 and 56%. A significantly higher activity, measured as the length and the number of the burrows visible from outside, was found in the lighter substrates. The volume number extent of earthworm burrows was as much as 2 times higher in the 47.5 and 56% pv columns than in the more compact 42.5 and 37.5% pv columns. 93 NAL Call. No.: 79.8 W41 Effect of straw, ash, and tillage on dissipation of imazaquin and imazethapyr. Monks, C.D.; Bank, P.A. Champaign, Ill. : Weed Science Society of America; 1993 Jan. Weed science v. 41 (1): p. 133-137; 1993 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Georgia; Cabt; Gossypium hirsutum; Imazaquin; Imazethapyr; Application rates; Persistence; Sandy loam soils; Silt loam soils; Straw burning; Ash; Tillage; No-tillage; Crop damage; Glycine max; Rotations Abstract: Experiments were conducted on a Cedarbluff silt loam and a Cecil sandy loam to determine dissipation of imazaquin and imazethapyr as influenced by burning small-grain straw and tillage prior to soybean planting. Corn bioassay detection limits for imazaquin and imazethapyr in the Cedarbluff silt loam were 2.5 to 30 and 5 to 40 ppbw, respectively. Bioassay detection limits for imazaquin and imazethapyr in the Cecil sandy loam were 2.5 to 20 and 10 to 40 ppbw, respectively. Imazaquin and imazethapyr activity was not detectable in soil by 110 to 152 d after treatment. Imazethapyr dissipation was not affected by burning or tillage in the Cedarbluff silt loam and dissipated more slowly in 1989 than imazaquin. Imazaquin dissipation in the Cedarbluff silt loam in 1988 was slower in burned plots than in nonburned plots but was not affected by burning in 1989. No differences were observed between imazaquin and imazethapyr dissipation in the Cecil sandy loam and neither burning or tillage influenced their rate of dissipation in either year. No-till-planted cotton was injured at both locations by imazaquin and imazethapyr that had been applied the previous year. 94 NAL Call. No.: 1.9 P69P Effect of three tillage practices on development of northern corn leaf blight (Exserohilum turcicum) under continuous corn. Pedersen, W.L.; Oldham, M.G. St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathological Society; 1992 Nov. Plant disease v. 76 (1): p. 1161-1164; 1992 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Illinois; Zea mays; Hybrids; Setosphaeria turcica; Blight; Continuous cropping; Conservation tillage; No-tillage; Virulence; Crop yield; Correlation; Lodging; Varietal reactions 95 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68 Effect of tillage on cotton plant populations and seedling diseases. Colyer, P.D.; Vernon, P.R. Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1993 Jan. Journal of production agriculture v. 6 (1): p. 108-111; 1993 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Louisiana; Gossypium hirsutum; Seedlings; Conservation tillage; Tillage; Plant disease control; Chemical control; Aldicarb; Quintozene; Etridiazole; Crop establishment; Crop density; Vigor; Plant diseases; Incidence; Disease resistance; Crop yield; Seeds; Indexes; Seasonal variation 96 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822 Effect of tillage practices and weed management on survival of stalk borer (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) eggs and larvae. Levine, E. Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1993 Jun. Journal of economic entomology v. 86 (3): p. 924-928; 1993 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Illinois; Zea mays; Seedlings; Papaipema nebris; Survival; Cultural control; Insect control; Tillage; Weed control; Weeds Abstract: Increased use of conservation tillage by midwestern corn growers in the 1970s and 1980s has led to a greater incidence of problems with the stalk borer, Papaipema nebris (Guenee). In particular, serious infestations have occurred throughout entire fields where no-till is practiced. A 3-yr factorial experiment (1983-1986) assessed the effect of three tillage practices (fall moldboard plow and spring disk, fall chisel plow and spring disk, and no-till) at two levels of weed management (weed growth present or absent in spring) on the survival of stalk borer eggs and development of larvae from surviving eggs. Injury to corn was used as a relative measure of stalk borer survival. Egg masses were infested on or immediately adjacent to grassy weeds after harvest but before tillage operations took place. Winter wheat was sowed in the fall to supplement natural weed growth in the plots with no weed control. In plots with the high level of weed control, plant growth was controlled, as needed, with paraquat in spring before planting. In all three studies, the tillage X weed management interaction was not significant and the moldboard-plow treatment significantly decreased stalk borer damage when compared with the no-till treatment. The chisel-plow treatment was generally intermediate between the no-till treatment and the moldboard-plow treatment in reducing stalk borer damage. The absence of weed growth in spring tended to decrease infestations of larvae, although the difference in damage between the two levels of weed management was significant in only one of the study periods. In that period, the interval between predicted 50% stalk borer egg hatch and the one-leaf-stage of corn development was greater than that interval for the other two studies. Even with the burial of eggs by soil with the moldboard-plow treatment, some larvae successfully eclosed and survived to damage corn seedlings in two of the three studies, with or without the presence of weeds. Although the resul 97 NAL Call. No.: 79.8 W41 Effect of tillage systems on the emergence depth of giant (Setaria faberi) and green foxtail (Setaria viridis). Buhler, D.D.; Mester, T.C. Champaign, Ill. : Weed Science Society of America; 1991 Apr. Weed science v. 39 (2): p. 200-203; 1991 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Setaria faberi; Setaria viridis; Weed biology; Cultural weed control; Conservation tillage; Plowing; Chiselling; Seedling emergence; Population density; Buried seeds; Depth Abstract: The effect of tillage systems on depth of emergence and densities of giant and green foxtail under different environmental and cropping conditions were evaluated from 1985 to 1987 at Arlington, Hancock, and Janesville, WI. Mean emergence depths in no-till were the shallowest, followed by chisel plow and conventional tillage at each location. At least 40% of the giant and green foxtail plants emerged from the upper 1 cm of soil in no-till compared to about 25% in chisel plow and less than 15% in conventional tillage. As many as 25% of the plants emerged from greater than 4 cm in conventional tillage compared to about 10% in chisel plow and less than 5% in no-till. Seedlings emerged from greater depths in a loamy sand than in a silt loam soil regardless of tillage system. At Arlington, green foxtail was the dominant species in conventional tillage, while giant foxtail dominated in chisel plow and no-till. Foxtail densities were greater in chisel plow and no- till than in conventional tillage at all three locations. 98 NAL Call. No.: 450 C16 Effect of vegetation suppression on the establishment of sod-seeded alfalfa in the Aspen Parkland. Bowes, G.G.; Zentner, R.P. Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1992 Oct. Canadian journal of plant science; Revue canadienne de phytotechnie v. 72 (4): p. 1349-1358; 1992 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Saskatchewan; Medicago sativa; Bromus inermis; Crop establishment; Crop yield; Glyphosate; Rotary cultivation; Economic analysis 99 NAL Call. No.: 450 C16 Effectiveness and economics of repeated sequences of herbicides for Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) control in reduced-till spring wheat (Triticum aestivum). Donald, W.W.; Prato, T. Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1992 Apr. Canadian journal of plant science; Revue canadienne de phytotechnie v. 72 (2): p. 599-618; 1992 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Canada; Triticum aestivum; Cirsium arvense; Bromoxynil; Chlorsulfuron; 2,4-d; Dicamba; Glyphosate; Mcpa; Application date; Herbicidal properties; Weed control 100 NAL Call. No.: SB193.F59 Effects of coated seed on alfalfa stand density and yield in reduced tillage systems. Cosgrove, D.R.; Daley, P.E.; Koenig, L.G.; Ritten, T.J. Columbia, Mo. : American Forage and Grassland Council; 1991. Proceedings of the Forage and Grassland Conference. p. 166-170; 1991. Meeting held April 1-4, 1991, Columbia, Missouri. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Medicago sativa; Stand establishment; Seed treatment; No-tillage; Plowing; Crop density; Crop yield 101 NAL Call. No.: 1.9 P69P Effects of crop rotation and residue management practices on severity of tan spot of winter wheat. Bockus, W.W.; Claassen, M.M. St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathological Society; 1992 Jun. Plant disease v. 76 (6): p. 633-636; 1992 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Kansas; Triticum aestivum; Winter wheat; Pyrenophora tritici-repentis; Fungal diseases; Plant disease control; Continuous cropping; Rotations; Sorghum bicolor; Plowing; Blade plowing; No-tillage; Chiselling; Discing; Crop residues; Virulence; Leaves; Symptoms; Epidemiology 102 NAL Call. No.: SB610.2.B74 Effects of cultivation and seed shedding on the population dynamics of Galium aparine in winter wheat crops. Wilson, B.J.; Wright, K.J. Surrey : BCPC Registered Office; 1991. Brighton Crop Protection Conference-Weeds v. 2: p. 813-820; 1991. Conference held November 18-21, 1991, Brighton, England. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Uk; Triticum aestivum; Galium aparine; Plant density; No-tillage; Cultivation; Herbicides; Weed control 103 NAL Call. No.: 1.9 P69P Effects of fallow and of summer and winter crops on survival of wheat pathogens in crop residues. Fernandez, M.R.; Fernandes, J.M.; Sutton, J.C. St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathological Society; 1993 Jul. Plant disease v. 77 (7): p. 698-703; 1993 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rio grande do sul; Triticum; Gibberella zeae; Cochliobolus sativus; Leptosphaeria nodorum; Survival; Crop residues; Fallow; Sequential cropping; Conservation tillage; Incidence; Populations 104 NAL Call. No.: HD1775.S8E262 no.91-1 Effects of including alfalfa in whole-farm plans comparison of conventional, ridge till, and alternative farming systems. Mends, Clarence; Dobbs, Thomas L. South Dakota State University, Economics Dept Brookings, S.D. : Economics Dept., South Dakota State University,; 1991. ii, 21 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. (Eco nomics staff paper series ; no. 91-1.). April 1991. Includes bibliographical references (p. 21). Language: English Descriptors: Agricultural systems; Alternative agriculture; Alfalfa; Tillage 105 NAL Call. No.: 450 C16 The effects of nitrogen, row spacing and seeding rate on the yield of flax under a zero-till production system. Lafond, G.P. Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1993 Apr. Canadian journal of plant science; Revue canadienne de phytotechnie v. 73 (2): p. 375-382; 1993 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Saskatchewan; Linum usitatissimum; No-tillage; Row spacing; Sowing rates; Crop density; Crop establishment; Crop yield; Ammonium nitrate; Ammonium phosphates; Application rates; Plant height 106 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68 Effects of planting dates and tillage systems on the economics of hard red winter wheat production. Epplin, F.M.; Beck, D.E.; Krenzer, E.G. Jr; Heer, W.F. Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1993 Jan. Journal of production agriculture v. 6 (1): p. 57-62; 1993 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Oklahoma; Triticum aestivum; Sowing date; Tillage; No-tillage; Comparisons; Crop yield; Economic analysis; Risk 107 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532 Effects of strip intercropping and no-tillage on some pest and beneficial invertebrates of corn in Ohio. Tonhasca, A. Jr; Stinner, B.R. Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Oct. Environmental entomology v. 20 (5): p. 1251-1258; 1991 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ohio; Zea mays; Agrotis ipsilon; Mythimna unipuncta; Slugs; Diabrotica virgifera; Ostrinia nubilalis; Intercropping; No-tillage; Predators of insect pests; Biological control agents Abstract: We tested two agronomic practices that are likely to increase plant and structural diversity, no-tillage and strip intercropping, for effects on corn invertebrate fauna. Some of the most common herbivores and natural enemies were sampled by direct counts and damage estimation from 1988 through 1990 on monoculture corn and strips of corn alternated with soybean, under no- tillage and conventional tillage. Among soil pests, cut-worms (mostly the black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel)); armyworm, Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haworth); and slugs (Gastropoda) were more abundant in no-tillage plots, although only slugs caused severe damage. The western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, and the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubitalis (Hubner), were generally more abundant in conventional tillage plots. Despite crop rotation, the strip-intercropping system (four rows of each crop) was less effective in reducing western corn rootworm infestation, especially in conventional tillage plots. In 1990 only, ladybugs (mostly Coleomegilla maculata (DeGeer)) were more abundant in conventional tillage plots, whereas tarnished plant bugs, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), were more abundant in no-tillage plots. Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman; stink bugs, Acrosternum hilare (Say) and Euschistus serous (Say); and spiders (Aranea) were not significantly affected by treatments. 108 NAL Call. No.: 79.8 W41 Effects of tillage and application method on clomazone, imazaquin, and imazethapyr persistence. Curran, W.S.; Liebl, R.A.; Simmons, F.W. Champaign, Ill. : Weed Science Society of America; 1992 Jul. Weed science v. 40 (3): p. 482-489; 1992 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Illinois; Glycine max; Rotations; Zea mays; Weed control; Chemical control; Clomazone; Imazaquin; Imazethapyr; Persistence; Residual effects; Crop damage; Phytotoxicity; No-tillage; Minimum tillage; Plowing; Application methods Abstract: Effects of tillage and herbicide application method on the persistence and residual activity of clomazone, imazaquin, and imazethapyr were investigated in a 2-yr field study. Herbicides were applied preemergence and preplant incorporated to conventional- and reduced-tillage soybeans in 1987 and 1988. Herbicide dissipation was monitored using chromatographic and bioassay techniques. In 1987, dissipation rates for clomazone, imazaquin, and imazethapyr were similar, regardless of tillage system or application method. In 1988, all three herbicides applied preplant incorporated dissipated more slowly than in preemergence treatments. Corn planted in rotation in 1989 displayed greater levels of injury in the incorporated treatments for all three herbicides. Although herbicide concentrations were similar 322 d following application in both tillage treatments in 1989, corn injury was greater with imazaquin and imazethapyr and less with clomazone in the reduced-tillage plots than in the conventional-tillage treatments. 109 NAL Call. No.: 79.8 W412 Effects of tillage, application time and rate on metribuzin dissipation. Sorenson, B.A.; Shea, P.J.; Roeth, F.W. Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1991 Dec. Weed research v. 31 (6): p. 335-345; 1991 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Nebraska; Glycine max; Zea mays; Triticum aestivum; Rotations; Weed control; Metribuzin; Application date; Application methods; Application rates; Tillage; No-tillage; Crop yield; Herbicide residues; Silt loam soils 110 NAL Call. No.: 79.8 W41 Effects of tillage on vertical distribution and viability of weed seed in soil. Yenish, J.P.; Doll, J.D.; Buhler, D.D. Champaign, Ill. : Weed Science Society of America; 1992 Jul. Weed science v. 40 (3): p. 429-433; 1992 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Wisconsin; Chenopodium album; Annuals; Weeds; Seeds; Seed banks; Weed biology; Seed germination; Population dynamics; Spatial distribution; Tillage; No-tillage; Conservation tillage; Plowing Abstract: The effect of different levels of tillage and weed management on population, distribution, and germination of weed seed was evaluated in three tillage systems at Arlington and Hancock, WI, in 1989 and 1990. Over 60% of all weed seed in the top 19 cm of soil were found in the top 1 cm in no-tillage at both sites. As depth increased, concentration of weed seed declined logarithmically in no-tillage. In chisel plowing, over 30% of seed were in the top 1 cm and seed concentration decreased linearly with depth. Moldboard plowing had uniform distribution of weed seed in the top 19 cm of soil. Preemergence metolachlor plus atrazine decreased weed seed population by 50% compared with no treatment over all tillage systems. One year of the herbicide treatment plus handweeding to assure weed-free conditions did not reduce seed numbers in chisel plowing or moldboard plowing compared to herbicide alone. Seed numbers with no-tillage and weed-free conditions decreased by 40% relative to herbicide alone. Common lambsquarters germination was 40% greater in moldboard plowing and chisel plowing compared with no-tillage. Germination was highest in seed taken from 9 to 19 cm deep in moldboard plowing and from 0 to 9 cm deep in chisel plowing. 111 NAL Call. No.: 450 C16 The effects of tillage systems on the economic performance of spring wheat, winter wheat, flax and field pea production in east-central Saskatchewan. Lafond, G.P.; Zentner, R.P.; Geremia, R.; Derksen, D.A. Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1993 Jan. Canadian journal of plant science; Revue canadienne de phytotechnie v. 73 (1): p. 47-54; 1993 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Saskatchewan; Pisum sativum; Linum usitatissimum; Triticum aestivum; Fallow systems; Minimum tillage; No-tillage; Rotations; Stubble cultivation; Sustainability; Cost benefit analysis 112 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68 Effects of weed and invertebrate control on alfalfa establishment in oat stubble. Stout, W.L.; Byers, R.A.; Leath, K.T.; Bahler, C.C.; Hoffman, L.D. Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Jul. Journal of production agriculture v. 5 (3): p. 349-352; 1992 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Pennsylvania; Medicago sativa; Crop establishment; Avena sativa; Stubble; Conservation; No-tillage; Pest control; Weeds; Slugs; Insect pests; Seeds; Seedlings; Growth analysis 113 NAL Call. No.: 79.8 W41 Efficiency and economics of herbicides for Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) control in no-till spring wheat (Triticum aestivum). Donald, W.W.; Prato, T. Champaign, Ill. : Weed Science Society of America; 1992 Apr. Weed science v. 40 (2): p. 233-240; 1992 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Triticum aestivum; No-tillage; Weed control; Chemical control; Cirsium arvense; Chlorsulfuron; Clopyralid; 2,4-d; Mcpa; Bromoxynil; Herbicide mixtures; Application rates; Perennial weeds; Adventitious roots; Buds; Cost benefit analysis; Returns Abstract: The objective of this field research was to compare relative effectiveness and profitability of alternative herbicides applied to the same plots for four consecutive years for controlling and reducing dense Canada thistle infestations in no-till spring wheat. Chlorsulfuron at 30 g ai ha-1 plus nonionic surfactant or clopyralid plus 2,4-D at 70 plus 280 g ae ha-1, respectively, applied annually for 4 yr controlled Canada thistle and was more effective for gradually reducing Canada thistle stands than 2,4-D at 560 g ae ha-1, MCPA plus bromoxynil at 280 plus 280 g ae ha-1, or tribenuron at 20 g ai ha-1. Chlorsulfuron and clopyralid plus 2,4-D also controlled Canada thistle greater than or equal to 90% earlier (by 2 yr) than other treatments. Stochastic dominance analysis, a form of economic analysis, predicted that either chlorsulfuron or clopyralid plus 2,4-D would be preferred by farmers to the untreated check, MCPA plus bromoxynil, or 2,4-D treatments. Chlorsulfuron also would be preferred to clopyralid plus 2,4-D by risk-neutral farmers, whereas clopyralid plus 2,4-D would be preferred to chlorsulfuron by highly risk-averse farmers, those who are most likely to pick only consistently effective herbicides. 114 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6 Energy utilization as affected by traffic in conservation and conventional tillage systems. Burt, E.C.; Reeves, D.W.; Raper, R.L. Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1992. Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Production Research Conferences v. 1: p. 502-504; 1992. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Gossypium; Energy consumption; Conservation tillage; Tillage 115 NAL Call. No.: S671.A66 Enhancing soil conservation practice adoption with targeted educational programs. Dickey, E.C.; Shelton, D.P.; Jasa, P.J. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers; 1991 Jan. Applied engineering in agriculture v. 7 (1): p. 91-96; 1991 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Nebraska; Soil conservation; Erosion; Conservation tillage; Educational programs Abstract: Two independent, but closely related, grant funded educational programs were developed and implemented to reduce soil erosion in selected areas of eastern Nebraska. Traditional extension programming methods as well as other more non-traditional approaches were used extensively to enhance soil conservation practice adoption. In one program, encompassing 220 000 ha (540,000 acre) of cropland, annual soil erosion was reduced by 2.3 million t (2.5 million ton) and annual fuel savings of 1.5 million L (390,000 gal) were achieved through a reduction in the number of tillage operations. In the second project, more than 93 000 m (305,000 ft) of terraces were constructed, which resulted in an annual soil erosion reduction of 151 000 t (166,000 ton). These projects demonstrated that targeted conservation programs can be very effective. 116 NAL Call. No.: S590.S65 Erosion risk assessment for soil conservation planning. Thomas, A.W.; Snyder, W.M.; Mills, W.C.; Dillard, A.L. Cremlingen-Destedt, W. Ger. : CATENA Verlag; 1991 Dec. Soil technology v. 4 (4): p. 373-389; 1991 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Georgia; Erosion; Risk; Assessment; Uncertainty; Soil conservation; Planning; Universal soil loss equation; Soil; Losses from soil systems; Seasonal variation; Probability; Climatic factors; Seasonal fluctuations; Probability analysis; Simulation; Glycine max; Monoculture; Fallow; Tillage; No-tillage; Conservation tillage; Coverage; Crop residues; Planting date 117 NAL Call. No.: S561.6.A82E96 Estimating 1993 production costs in Arkansas: soybeans--no-till, following wheat, loamy soils, flood irrigation. Windham, T.E.; Stuart, C.A. Fayetteville, Ark.?: The Service; 1992 Nov. Extension technical bulletin - UA Cooperative Extension Service (185): 8 p.; 1992 Nov. Language: English Descriptors: Arkansas; Glycine max; Production costs; Estimation; Farm budgeting; Loam soils; Flood irrigation; Triticum aestivum; No-tillage; Rotations 118 NAL Call. No.: S67.P82 An evaluation of conservation tillage systems for cotton on the Macon Ridge. Baton Rouge, La.? : The Service; 1991 Dec. Publication - Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service (2460): 23 p.; 1991 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Louisiana; Gossypium hirsutum; Conservation tillage; Field tests; Crop yield; Cost benefit analysis; Herbicides; Insect control 119 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6 Evaluation of cotton growth in ridge till systems Southeast Missouri. Mobley, J.B.; Albers, D.W. Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1993. Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Conferences. p. 508-509; 1993. Meeting held January 10-14, 1993, New Orleans, Louisiana. Language: English Descriptors: Missouri; Gossypium hirsutum; Ridging 120 NAL Call. No.: NBULD3656 1992 B347 Evaluation of opener and presswheel combinations on a no-till grain drill when seeding wheat.. University of Nebraska--Lincoln thesis : Agricultural Engineering Bahri, Abdeljabar 1992; 1992. viii, 111 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 28 cm. Includes bibliographical references. Language: English 121 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39 Fall-applied herbicides for Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) root and root bud control in reduced-till spring wheat. Donald, W.W. Champaign, Ill. : The Society; 1992 Apr. Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of America v. 6 (2): p. 252-261; 1992 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Triticum aestivum; Perennial weeds; Weed control; Chemical control; Cirsium arvense; Adventitious roots; Buds; Root systems; Dicamba; Bromoxynil; Chlorsulfuron; 2,4-d; Mcpa 122 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68 Fallow method affects downy brome population in winter wheat. Tanaka, D.L.; Anderson, R.L. Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Jan. Journal of production agriculture v. 5 (1): p. 117-119; 1992 Jan. Paper presented at a symposium on "Ecology and Management of Grazing Systems" presented at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, January 14-19, 1991, San Francisco, California. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Montana; Triticum aestivum; Winter wheat; Bromus tectorum; Population change; Stubble mulching; Minimum tillage; No-tillage; Fallow 123 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792 Farming duplex soils: a farmer's perspective. Edwards, I. East Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1992. Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 32 (7): p. 811-814; 1992. Special issue: Crop production on duplex soils. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Western australia; Trifolium subterraneum; Triticum; Crop management; Duplex soils; Minimum tillage; Rotations; Sustainability; Weed control; Fungus control; Gaeumannomyces graminis; Crop yield 124 NAL Call. No.: 100 SO82 (3) Farming system studies. Woodard, H.; Claypool, D.; Smolik, J.; Rickerl, D. Brookings, S.D. : The Station; 1991. TB - Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University (97): 3 p. (soil PR 90-13); 1991. Language: English Descriptors: South Dakota; Rotations; Minimum tillage; Nutrient content 125 NAL Call. No.: 100 SO82 (3) Farming systems, 1991: 1991 crop yields. Smolik, J. Brookings, S.D. : The Station; 1992 Oct. TB - Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University (99): 8 p.; 1992 Oct. In the series analytic: Soil science research in the Plant Science Department : 1991 Annual Report. Soil PR 91-4. Language: English Descriptors: South Dakota; Farming systems research; Crop yield; Plant diseases; Rotations; Rain; Conservation tillage; Herbicides; Weed control 126 NAL Call. No.: 100 SO82 (3) Farming systems studies, 1990: overview and cultural practices. Smolik, J.; Gerwing, J.; Hall, B.; Rickerl, D.; Schumacher, T.; Woodard, H.; Wrage, L. Brookings, S.D. : The Station; 1991. TB - Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University (97): 9 p. (soil PR 90-30); 1991. Language: English Descriptors: South Dakota; Rotations; Minimum tillage; Field crops; Crop yield; Soil properties 127 NAL Call. No.: 100 SO82 (3) Farming systems studies, 1991. Brookings, S.D. : The Station; 1992 Oct. TB - Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University (99): 6 p.; 1992 Oct. In the series analytic: Soil science research in the Plant Science Department : 1991 Annual Report. Soil PR 91-3. Language: English Descriptors: South Dakota; Farming systems research; Rotations; Conservation tillage; Alternative farming; Minimum tillage; Row tillage; Crop yield; Cost benefit analysis 128 NAL Call. No.: aS604.F37 1993 Farming with crop residues. United States, Soil Conservation Service Champaign, Ill. : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service,; 1993; A 57.2:F 22/8. 33 p. : ill. ; 16 cm. Cover title. Shipping list no.: 93-0227-P. "January 1993"--P. [4] of cover. "CRM-190-11-12"--P. [4] of cover. Language: English; English Descriptors: Crop residue management; Conservation tillage 129 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532 Fate of eggs of first-generation Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in three conservation tillage systems. Andow, D.A. Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Apr. Environmental entomology v. 21 (2): p. 388-393; 1992 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Minnesota; Zea mays; Ostrinia nubilalis; Ova; Chrysopa; Trichogramma; Predation; Parasites of insect pests; Conservation tillage Abstract: Percentage hatch, chewing predation, Chrysopa sp. predation, other sucking predation, and parasitism by Trichogramma sp. of egg masses of first-generation Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner) were estimated in spring chisel plow, ridge tillage, and no-tillage maize, Zea mays L., in southeastern Minnesota during 1986 and 1987. Tillage plots were split with and without terbufos application and with and without Bacillus thuringiensis-permethrin application in all combinations. Egg masses from laboratory reared O. nubilalis were exposed to natural enemies in the field eight times during the oviposition period of first-generation O. nubilalis, and population densities of Coleomegilla maculata DeGeer were estimated. Parasitism was 0.6% and predation was low during 1986. During 1987, chewing predation was highest in the chisel-plow system and lowest in the no-tillage system; Chrysopa sp. predation was lowest in the chisel-plow system and highest in the no-tillage system. C. maculata population densities were highest in the chisel-plow system and lowest in the no-tillage system, and chewing predation was positively related to C. maculata density. Predation by other unknown chewing predators was also higher in the chisel-plow system and lowest in the no-tillage system. The inverse relation between chewing and Chrysopa sp. predation was probably related to species-specific responses to the tillage environments. 130 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68 Feasibility of no-tillage and ridge tillage systems in the Northeastern USA. Cox, W.J.; Otis, D.J.; Van Es, H.M.; Gaffney, F.B.; Snyder, D.P.; Reynolds, K.R.; Van der Grinten, M. Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Jan. Journal of production agriculture v. 5 (1): p. 111-117; 1992 Jan. Paper presented at a symposium on "Ecology and Management of Grazing Systems" presented at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, January 14-19, 1991, San Francisco, California. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: New York; Zea mays; No-tillage; Conservation tillage; Tillage; Plowing; Crop density; Crop yield; Feasibility studies 131 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6 Fertilization practices in conservation tillage. Denton, P. Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1993. Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Conferences. p. 113-116; 1993. Meeting held January 10-14, 1993, New Orleans, Louisiana. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Conservation tillage; Fertilizer technology 132 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P Fertilizer management effect on recovery of labeled nitrogen by continuous no- till. Timmons, D.R.; Baker, J.L. Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 May23. Agronomy journal v. 84 (3): p. 490-496; 1992 May23. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Iowa; Zea mays; Continuous cropping; No-tillage; Nitrogen fertilizers; Use efficiency; Application rates; Radioactive tracers; Application methods; Crop yield Abstract: Improved fertilizer N management with respect to placement and timing is especially important in high-residue systems designed to improve N- use efficiency and to speed adoption of erosion controlling tillage practices. By means of point-injection technology, fertilizer solutions now can be applied and soil-incorporated with minimal disturbance of surface residue or existing plants. This study was conducted in large non-weighing lysimeters (with reconstituted soil horizons) to determine the recovery of 15N- labeled urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN) solution by continuous no-till corn (Zea mays L.) during the initial year of application and two subsequent years for four N management systems. The UAN solution was point-injected in split applications at rates of 125 or 200 kg N ha-1, or knifed-in or surface-banded right after plant emergence at 200 kg N ba-1. For the initial year of 15N application, the percent recovery of labeled N (NR) in grain was 48, 39, 33, and 30% for point-injected (low rate/split), point-injected (high rate/split), knifed-in, and surface-banded, respectively. The percentage of total grain N derived from labeled N (Nf) ranged from 57 to 67% and was in the order of point-injected (high rate/split) > knifed-in > point-injected (low rate/split) > surface-banded. Residual labeled N recovery in grain ranged from 2.3 to 4.6% for the second season and from 0.9 to 1.0% for the third season with no significant differences among application treatments for either season. After rive seasons the NR values for labeled N determined in the soil N pool still ranged from 20 to 26%. UAN solution applied in split applications with the point injector was used more efficiently by corn than when knifed-in or surface-banded in a single application, indicating the point-injection/split application system is an option for improved N management in no-till corn. 133 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P Fertilizer placement and tillage effects of nitrogen assimilation by wheat. Rao, S.C.; Dao, T.H. Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Nov. Journal of the American Society of Agronomy v. 84 (6): p. 1028-1032; 1992 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Oklahoma; Triticum aestivum; Seasonal fluctuations; Nutrient uptake; Nitrogen; Assimilation; Nitrogen fertilizers; Placement; Application rates; Phosphorus fertilizers; No-tillage; Tillage; Nitrate nitrogen; Use efficiency; Crude protein; Plant composition; Crop yield; Grain; Wheat straw; Nitrogen metabolism Abstract: Little information is available concerning tillage effects on seasonal N accumulation and their effect on wheat yield. Field studies were conducted to determine the effects of fertilizer N placement and tillage practices on the reduction and assimilation of N in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) during 1984 through 1987 on Renfrow silt loam (fine, mixed, thermic, Uderic, Paleustolls) near El Reno, OK. Fertilizer N (50 kg ha-1) and P (60 kg ha-1) including 4 kg N ha(-1) and 11 kg P ha(-1), with the seed was applied in the fall. In the spring, an additional 50 to 100 kg N ha(-1) as ammonium nitrate was either broadcast or placed in narrow bands on the soil surface. Nitrate reductase (NR) activity, NO3-N, and crude protein (CP) content of wheat plants were determined periodically during spring growth until anthesis, and final grain and straw yield and their CP contents were determined. The NR activity in early spring was slightly greater during early spring in plants grown under no-till when compared to conventional till in 1985 and 1986, whereas the reverse was observed in 1987. lncreased NR activity was paralleled by an increase in vegetative CP. Placement of N in a narrow band on the soil surface in the spring improved NR activity levels, but the effect of N placement had little effect on CP concentration. Grain yield followed NR activity levels and was 36% higher in no-till in 1985, similar in 1986, but 51% lower in 1987 than conventionally tilled plots. Placement of N in narrow bands increased N-use efficiency by increasing N reduction and assimilation; but had little effect on the yield of grain and straw in both tillage methods. 134 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 IL62C Field and forage crops. Henn, T.; Weinzierl, R.; Gray, M.; Steffey, K. Urbana, Ill. : The Service; 1991 Feb. Circular - University of Illinois, Cooperative Extension Service (1307): 26 p.; 1991 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Illinois; Field crops; Fodder crops; Pest management; Insecticides; Insect pests; Rotations; Pest resistance; Trap crops; Conservation tillage 135 NAL Call. No.: 275.8 AG8 A field based model for adult education in agriculture. Bruening, T.H.; Martin, R.A. Henry, Ill. : The Magazine; 1991 Apr. The Agricultural education magazine v. 63 (10): p. 8-9; 1991 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Agricultural education; Adult education; Program development; Program evaluation; Conservation tillage 136 NAL Call. No.: 450 C16 Foliar disease development in no-till winter wheat: influence of agronomic practices on powdery mildew development. Tompkins, D.K.; Wright, A.T.; Fowler, D.B. Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1992 Jul. Canadian journal of plant science; Revue canadienne de phytotechnie v. 72 (3): p. 965-972; 1992 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Saskatchewan; Triticum aestivum; Fungus control; Cultivars; Interactions; Nitrogen fertilizers; No-tillage; Row spacing; Sowing rates 137 NAL Call. No.: S592.17.A73A74 Fractionation of micronutrient cations in a selected Saudi Arabian soil subjected to different tillage practices. Falatah, A.M. Washington, DC : Taylor & Francis; 1993 Jan. Arid soil research and rehabilitation v. 7 (1): p. 63-70; 1993 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Saudi arabia; Calcareous soils; Conservation tillage; Tillage; No- tillage; Harrowing; Chiselling; Plowing; Discing; Comparisons; Zinc; Copper; Manganese; Iron; Cations; Chemical speciation; Distribution; Nutrient availability; Soil organic matter; Soil ph; Cation exchange capacity 138 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P Genotype-by-tillage interactions in hard red winter wheat quality evaluation. Cox, D.J.; Shelton, D.R. Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Jul. Agronomy Journal v. 84 (4): p. 627-630; 1992 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: North Dakota; Triticum aestivum; Winter wheat; Genotypes; Genotype environment interaction; No-tillage; Tillage; Conservation tillage; Variety trials; Varietal reactions; Crop yield; Crop quality; Wheat flour; Baking quality; Breadmaking; Protein content Abstract: Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is grown under both conventional-till and conservation-till systems in the Northern Great Plains. A benefit of sowing winter wheat into standing stubble is the protection the crop receives from trapped snow and the resultant reduction in winter kill. A 5-yr study was conducted at four locations in North Dakota to measure cultivar-by-tillage interactions for quality parameters of wheat and to determine whether testing under both conventional-till and no-till systems was advantageous. Fourteen hard red winter wheat cultivars were planted during 1984-1985 through 1988-1989 in a Max loam (fine-loamy, mixed, Typic Haploborolls) at both Williston and Minot, in a Svea loam (fine-loamy, mixed, Pachic Udic Haploborolls) at Langdon, and in a Bearden silty clay (fine-silty, frigid, Aeric Caldaquolls) or Gardena silty loam (coarse-silty, mixed, Pachic Udic Haploborolts) at Fargo. Significant cultivar-by-tillage interactions (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) were obtained for volume weight, protein content, and flour when the analysis was restricted to environments in which wheat winter killed. A change in rank order of cultivars was detected only for volume weight. For the other quality parameters measured, evaluation of winter wheats grown in conventional-till and no-till plots resulted in similar relative performance of cultivars. 139 NAL Call. No.: 100 SO82S 'Good' and 'bad' years in one. Beck, D. Brookings, S.D. : The Station; 1992. South Dakota farm & home research - South Dakota, Agricultural Experiment Station v. 43 (1): p. 15-17; 1992. Language: English Descriptors: South Dakota; Irrigation; Rotations; Conservation tillage 140 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39 Grain rye residues and weed control strategies in reduced tillage potatoes. Lanfranconi, L.E.; Bellinder, R.R.; Wallace, R.W. Champaign, Ill. : The Weed Science Society of America; 1993 Jan. Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of America v. 7 (1): p. 23-28; 1993 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: New York; Cabt; Solanum tuberosum; Minimum tillage; Tillage; Crop residues; Secale cereale; Weed control; Galinsoga ciliata; Chemical control; Linuron; Metolachlor; Metribuzin; Application rates; Crop yield; Tubers 141 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39 Grain rye residues and weed control strategies in reduced tillage potatoes. Lanfranconi, L.E.; Bellinder, R.R.; Wallace, R.W. Champaign, Ill. : The Weed Science Society of America; 1992 Oct. Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of America v. 6 (4): p. 1021-1026; 1992 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: New York; Cabt; Solanum tuberosum; Tillage; Minimum tillage; Secale cereale; Linuron; Metolachlor; Hilling; Metribuzin; Efficacy; Crop yield; Weed control; Amaranthus retroflexus; Chenopodium album; Galinsoga ciliata; Chemical control; Cultural control 142 NAL Call. No.: S604.G78 1991 A Guide to ridge-till in the Central Plains. Hodson, Eric Servi-Tech, Inc Topeka, KS : Lone Tree Pub. Co.,; 1991. 73 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. Language: English Descriptors: Ridge-till 143 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822 Habitat and food preferences of Allonemobius allardi (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) and potential damage to alfalfa in conservation-tillage systems. Jacobs, S.B.; Byers, R.A.; Anderson, S.G. Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Oct. Journal of economic entomology v. 85 (5): p. 1933-1939; 1992 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Pennsylvania; Medicago sativa; Crop damage; Dactylis glomerata; Weeds; Gryllidae; Food preferences; Habitats; Conservation tillage Abstract: Population estimates of the cricket Allonemobius allardi (Alexander & Thomas) in orchardgrass, Dactylis glomerata L.; alfalfa, Medicago sativa L.; and weedy fields revealed significantly lower cricket densities for alfalfa compared with orchardgrass and weed fields. However, densities were not significantly different between orchardgrass and weed fields despite a considerable dissimilarity in vegetative composition. Laboratory feeding studies suggest that crickets preferred to forage on the substrate and had difficulty recognizing preferred food plants that were elevated above the substrate. Crickets preferred alfalfa to bluegrass, thatch, or oats, but preferred bluegrass to thatch. No significant difference in feeding was observed between whole alfalfa leaves and alfalfa leaf disks when both were placed horizontally on the testing arena substrate. The contents of crops from field-collected crickets showed Alternaria, rust spores, and fungi occur relatively frequently but do not account for a substantial percentage of cricket crop contents. Legumes and dandelion also occur with a moderately high frequency and are a major component of crop contents. Cage tests in glasshouse and field showed one to two cricket adults per 0.09 m2 reduced alfalfa seedling numbers by 1-20% in the 2 wk from seedling emergence to formation of the first trifoliate in conservation-tillage systems when alfalfa was planted in oat stubble. 144 NAL Call. No.: SB925.B5 Habitat use patterns by the seven-spotted lady beetle (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in a diverse agricultural landscape. Maredia, K.M.; Gage, S.H.; Landis, D.A.; Scriber, J.M. Orlando, Fla. : Academic Press; 1992 Jun. Biological control v. 2 (2): p. 159-165; 1992 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Michigan; Coccinella septempunctata; Biological control agents; Habitats; Zea mays; Triticum aestivum; Populus; Medicago sativa; Insect control; Tillage; No-tillage; Habitat selection; Prey; Aphidoidea; Availability; Ecology 145 NAL Call. No.: 57.8 SO4 Helping producers with conservation compliance. O'Brien-Wray, K. St. Louis, Mo. : Solutions Magazine; 1992 Mar. Solutions v. 36 (3): p. 18-22; 1992 Mar. Language: English Descriptors: Iowa; U.S.A.; Conservation tillage; Soil conservation; Legislation; Surveys; Crop residues 146 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39 Hemp dogbane (Apocynum cannabinum) and wild blackberry (Rubus allegheniensis) control in no-tillage corn (Zea mays). Glenn, S.; Anderson, N.G. Champaign, Ill. : The Weed Science Society of America; 1993 Jan. Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of America v. 7 (1): p. 47-51; 1993 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Maryland; Cabt; Zea mays; No-tillage; Weed control; Apocynum cannabinum; Rubus allegheniensis; Chemical control; Herbicide mixtures; 2,4-d; Dicamba; Triclopyr; Oils; Sulfonylurea herbicides; Crop yield; Grain; Phytotoxicity; Crop damage; Application rates 147 NAL Call. No.: 79.8 W41 Herbicide comparisons on quackgrass (Elytrigia repens) within different crop competition and tillage conditions. Harker, K.N.; O'Sullivan, P.A. Champaign, Ill. : Weed Science Society of America; 1993 Jan. Weed science v. 41 (1): p. 94-99; 1993 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Canada; Cabt; Elymus repens; Crop weed competition; Tillage; No- tillage; Cloproxydim; Fluazifop; Haloxyfop; Quizalofop; Sethoxydim; Application rates; Weed control; Efficiency Abstract: Five herbicides (cloproxydim, fluazifop, haloxyfop, quizalofop, and sethoxydim) were compared from 1984 to 1988 at 250 and 400 g ha-1 for controlling quackgrass within different crop competition and tillage conditions at the Lacombe Research Station. Crop competition usually augmented quackgrass control with the herbicides in conventional-tillage plots although direct statistical comparisons were not made. Without crop competition, haloxyfop and quizalofop at 250 g ha-1 were more effective than the other herbicides in conventional tillage 1 mo after treatment (MAT). In a conventional-tillage situation on a unit active ingredient basis, the herbicides ranked in order of decreasing activity as follows: quizalofop greater than or equal to haloxyfop > fluazifop > cloproxydim > sethoxydim. In a zero-tillage situation, none of the herbicides reduced quackgrass shoot weights by 50% 3 MAT. However, haloxyfop and quizalofop were more effective in suppressing quackgrass shoot weight than the other herbicides in the zero-tillage experiments 3 MAT. 148 NAL Call. No.: 79.8 W41 Herbicide programs in no-tillage and conventional-tillage soybeans (Glycine max) double cropped after wheat (Triticum aestivum). Sims, B.D.; Guethle, D.R. Champaign, Ill. : Weed Science Society of America; 1992 Apr. Weed science v. 40 (2): p. 255-263; 1992 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Mississippi; Triticum aestivum; Glycine max; Double cropping; No- tillage; Tillage; Weed control; Chemical control; Alachlor; Linuron; Metribuzin; Sethoxydim; Xanthium strumarium; Pharbitis hederacea; Digitaria sanguinalis; Amaranthus hybridus; Application date; Timing; Herbicide mixtures; Plant density; Weeds Abstract: Postemergence and commonly used preemergence plus postemergence herbicide programs were evaluated for weed control in conventional and no-tillage soybeans double cropped after winter wheat in the northern Mississippi River Delta. Broadleaf weed species present varied with tillage, location, and year. Large crabgrass was present in both tillage systems for all locations and years. Conventional tillage usually resulted in higher densities of large crabgrass, common cocklebur, and smooth pigweed. Soil-applied preemergence herbicides alone did not provide season-long ivyleaf and entireleaf morningglory or common cocklebur control in either tillage system. For weed control and soybean yields comparable to weed-free controls, postemergence broadleaf herbicides were required in both tillage systems following the soil-applied herbicide programs, alachlor plus linuron and alachlor plus metribuzin. Postemergence herbicide programs provided excellent season-long annual grass and broadleaf weed control when sethoxydim was applied separately from the broadleaf herbicides. Antagonism of large crabgrass control resulted when sethoxydim was tank mixed with postemergence broadleaf herbicides, compared to separate applications of the postemergence grass and broadleaf herbicides. In three out of four studies, soybean yields in handweeded controls were similar between tillage systems. 149 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39 Imazethapyr for weed control in no-till soybean (Glycine max). Lueschen, W.E.; Hoverstad, T.R. Champaign, Ill. : The Society; 1991 Oct. Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of America v. 5 (4): p. 845-851; 1991 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Minnesota; Glycine max; No-tillage; Weed control; Chemical control; Imazethapyr; Metribuzin; Abutilon theophrasti; Amaranthus retroflexus; Chenopodium album; Setaria faberi; Herbicide mixtures; Application date; Timing; Split dressings 150 NAL Call. No.: 79.9 SO8 (P) Impact of continuous no-tillage on weed management. Witt, W.W. Raleigh, N.C. : The Society :.; 1991. Proceedings - Southern Weed Science Society v. 44: p. 70-72; 1991. Paper presented at the meeting on "Perception: Fact or Fiction", held January 14-16, 1991, San Antonio, Texas. Language: English Descriptors: No-tillage; Weed control; Pest management 151 NAL Call. No.: HD1775.O5C87 Impacts of alternative winter wheat planting dates on grain yield and economics for no-till and coventional tillage systems. Epplin, F.M.; Beck, D.E.; Krenzer, E.G. Jr Stillwater, Okla. : The Station; 1991 Sep. Current farm economics - Agricultural Experiment Station, Division of Agriculture, Oklahoma State University v. 64 (3): p. 3-12; 1991 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Oklahoma; Triticum aestivum; No-tillage; Planting date; Crop yield; Production costs; Economic evaluation 152 NAL Call. No.: S590.C63 In situ labeling of legume residues with a foliar application of a 15N-enriched urea solution. Zebarth, B.J.; Alder, V.; Sheard, R.W. New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1991. Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 22 (5/6): p. 437-447; 1991. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: British Columbia; Medicago sativa; Trifolium pratense; Legumes; Plant residues; Urea fertilizers; Foliar application; Isotope labeling; Nitrogen; No-tillage; Nutrient content; Plant nutrition; Silt loam soils; Crop yield 153 NAL Call. No.: 464.8 P56 Incidence of Bipolaris and Fusarium on subcrown internodes of spring barley and wheat grown in continuous conservation tillage. Windels, C.E.; Wiersma, J.V. St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathological Society; 1992 Jun. Phytopathology v. 82 (6): p. 699-705; 1992 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Hordeum vulgare; Triticum aestivum; Cochliobolus sativus; Fusarium; Gibberella acuminata; Gibberella avenacea; Fusarium culmorum; Gibberella zeae; Cultivars; Pathogenicity; Minimum tillage; Chiselling; Tillage; Quantitative analysis; Internodes; Genetic variation 154 NAL Call