From almanac@amani.ces.ncsu.eduTue Feb 28 15:13:55 1995 Date: Tue, 28 Feb 1995 15:08:53 -0500 From: Almanac Information Server Reply to: owner-almanac@ces.ncsu.edu To: "Lawrence F. London, Jr." Subject: RE: (none) (Part 0001/0002) -------- ## Regarding your request: send cfsa growers-man Carolina Farm Stewardship Association The Certified Organic Growers' Manual A guide for ecologically responsible farming practices Carolina Farm Stewardship Association 115 W. Main St. Carrboro, NC 27510 First Edition: December 1993 Table of Contents Procedures Introduction Levels of Certification Certification Procedures Appeals Policy Crop and Livestock Standards General Information Soil Management and Fertility Air and Water Weed Control Pest and Disease Control Seeds, Seedlings and Greenhouses Post-Harvest Handling Restricted Materials or Practices Record Keeping and Audit Trail Monitoring for Compliance Changes to Standards and Materials Lists Livestock Standards Livestock Certified Organic Transitional Organic Livestock Hormone and Antibiotic Free Certification Overview of the National Organic Standards Board (NOSB) Drafts Implementation Registration Organic Farm Plan Crop Production Methods Livestock Production Practices and Materials Record Keeping (Crops and Livestock) Penalties for Violations Appendix C: Important Addresses Appendix A: Crops Materials List Definitions Materials List Appendix B: Livestock Materials List Definitions Materials List Carolina Farm Stewardship Association Crop and Livestock Certification Program Procedures Introduction Carolina Farm Stewardship Association (CFSA) encourages ecologically responsible farming practices that contribute to the improvement of the soil, the preservation of natural resources and the production of healthy, nutritious food. Our certification consists of a written application by the grower, on-farm inspection by a trained inspector, soil testing, and committee review. Certification is for one year and must be renewed annually by the grower. This manual describes all pertinent aspects of certification applying to the organic grower wishing to become certified. It is meant to serve as a resource for those wishing to understand and incorporate organic practices into their own farm plan. Revisions may be necessary as guidelines now in development by the National Organic Standards Board and the United States Department of Agriculture become implemented as law. An important section of the Growers' Manual is the Crop and Livestock Materials Lists. The materials lists designate those substances that are Allowed, Allowed with Restrictions, and Prohibited. These lists have been developed in conjunction with the Guidelines of the Organic Foods Production Association of North America (OFPANA) and the proposed 1990 National Organic Foods Production Act (OFPA). While membership in the Carolina Farm Stewardship Association is not mandatory, growers are encouraged to join in order to keep current on changes concerning certification procedures and to facilitate networking among growers and supportive consumers. The Certification Program is only one of several activities sponsored by CFSA to promote sustainable agriculture in our region. Levels of Certification o Organic (Crops/Livestock) The producer or grower complies with all CFSA standards for organic production, and has used no methods listed in the CFSA "Prohibited" categories for at least three (3) years. Restricted substances must be approved by the Certification Committee prior to use. o Transitional Organic (Crops/Livestock) The producer or grower complies with all CFSA standards for organic production of the crop to be certified in the growing season of registration yet has not maintained these practices for the three years required for Organic certification. o Hormone & Antibiotic Free (Livestock) This level is the same as Organic except that the use of organic feed and/or pasture is not required. o Full Disclosure (Crops/Livestock) The producer makes every effort to reduce or eliminate the use of chemicals and is willing to disclose to the consumer all prohibited and restricted chemicals that have been used. Certification Procedures 1) The Growers' Manual and Application are supplied to any farmer upon receipt of the $8.00 packet fee. The packet includes a complete application and the growers manual. The packet fee is applicable toward the $125.00 application fee. 2) Completed applications must be sent to the CFSA office, and accompanied by a check for $125.00. (If you purchase your copy of the application from CFSA, you may deduct $8.00 from the application fee.) There is an approximately a two month application turnaround time. Each application is examined by the CFSA Certification Coordinator and Committee prior to inspector assignment. Growers will be advised of what measures would be necessary to bring their farms into compliance. Key items include current soil tests, signed application and signed affidavit. 3) Unsigned or incomplete applications will be returned to the grower and an applicable postage and handling fee, not to exceed $15.00, will be required for application resubmission. If the committee finds the farm to be out of compliance, the producer will be notified of necessary action to be taken to bring their farm into compliance prior to inspection. 4) Inspection charges include $0.25 per mile for the inspector's trip to and from the farm, as well as $10.00 per hour labor. The inspector will present the grower with an invoice for mileage and labor prior to departing the farm. A check should be made payable to CFSA and given to your inspector. We make every possible effort to assign inspectors within a 50 mile radius of a grower's farm. However, if there is no inspector closer than 50 miles, the grower will be contacted regarding the cost, prior to scheduling the inspection. 5) Following the inspection, the grower's application and the inspector's report are reviewed by the Certification Committee. Accepted applicants will receive an official certificate of certification, fifty 1/2" stickers, and a display placard. Additional stickers are available for purchase. Appeals Policy Any determination may be appealed by the applicant by notifying the Certification Coordinator in writing within two weeks. The letter must contain the reason for the appeal. The Certification Committee will then convene within two weeks to determine what action shall next take place. If the applicant seeks further appeal, it may be taken to the CFSA Board of Directors. All decisions by the Board will be final. Any additional costs incurred during the appeals process will be the responsibility of the applicant. Crop and Livestock Standards I. General Information A grower must satisfy all standards applicable to her/his operation in order to be certified by CFSA. Growers who use materials or practices which are prohibited by CFSA will lose their certification. Verified use of any prohibited materials or practices from the attached lists (see Appendices) will result in an immediate suspension of certification for at least the season and crop in question. Allowed practices are not the only practices that may be used, but are goals toward which the farmer should work. A) All aspects of certified organic production practices, including soil management, livestock management, and post-harvest handling must be in accord with these standards. B) A product may be certified as organic only if planting of annuals or perennial bud break occurs at least three years (thirty-six months) after the last use of a prohibited material or practice. Refer to Transitional definition on page 1. C) For mixed-use Farms (both organic and conventional production), certification of only a portion of a farm will be dependent upon the grower's managerial ability and physical facilities. Separation of the production from the "organic" fields or areas from the rest of that grower's production during the growing season and in post-harvest handling, distribution and record keeping must be in place and demonstrable. CFSA reserves the right to require one or more additional inspections at harvest and post-harvest to verify this separation. Farms with both conventional and organic production units will not be certified unless the following criteria are met: 1) The organic fields/areas must be distinct entities with clearly defined boundaries between them and areas which are managed conventionally. Separation by a "buffer zone" of at least 50 feet with appropriate barriers (e.g. trees, shrubs) is strongly recommended. 2) Spray and harvest equipment used for both organically and conventionally grown crops must be thoroughly cleaned before use on organic crops. 3) Areas used for organic products may not be rotated in and out of conventional farming. 4) Separate records must be kept for certified organic production. (See record keeping and audit trail section.) 5) In storage and in post-harvest conditions, organically grown products must be properly identified and segregated from conventionally grown products. 6) Separate facilities must be used for storage of inputs. II. Soil Management and Fertility A grower must follow an ecological soil management program. At minimum, this means an active soil improvement effort focused on increasing soil organic matter content, increasing biological life in the soil, and using organic management practices. Organic management practices include: A) Tillage systems which maximize production and conservation of humus. B) Rotation of all crops which are not perennials, self- seeding annuals, or grown in containers. A rotation plan may include: 1) alternation of sod and row crops 2) alternation of crops which do not share similar pests and diseases 3) nitrogen-fixing crops 4) green manure crops 5) cover crops or nurse crops 6) alternation of light and heavy feeders 7) plants with allelopathic or mineral-accumulating properties C) Manuring. The following manuring practices are accepted: 1) use of green manure crops grown on the field, then plowed under, disked in or left on the soil surface 2) use of raw animal manures when applied to: a) green manure crops b) crops not for human consumption (pasture, hay) c) crops for human consumption harvested 120 days or more after application 3) use of composted manure Note: Consult Materials List, Appendix A. III. Air and Water A) Water used for irrigation should not be contaminated (An exception is made for chlorine.) If there is a possible problem such as being downstream of conventional farms, or other potentially polluting operations including lawns with conventional lawn care contracts, the crop may be tested for residues. B) No prohibited materials such as synthetic fertilizers can be applied through irrigation. C) No synthetic substances are allowed for cleaning drip irrigation lines. D) The farmer (grower) must take active steps to prevent drift from aerial spraying, such as requests to neighbors for notification of spraying, adequate windbreaks, barriers between fields, etc. IV. Weed Control Acceptable weed control practice include: A) Mechanical and hand cultivation B) Crop rotation and use of smother crops C) Mulching with organic materials D) Plastic/poly mulches and row covers, as long as they are removed (these soon may be prohibited, find alternatives now) E) Intercropping and cover cropping F) Preventive practices such as checking weeds from going to seed, use of weed free inputs (manure, mulch) G) Mowing and grazing H) Hot shoe, electrical weeding or torching I) Thermal weed control, e.g. solarization Note: See Materials List, Appendix A V. Pest and Disease Control Crop and soil management practices, including crop rotations, planting schedules, crop and variety selection, location and layout and size of plantings should include consideration of prevention of pest problems. Permitted practices include: A) Prevention management, such as selection of resistant varieties, timing planting to avoid cycles of pest emergence, intercropping, crop rotations, and avoidance of excessive fertilization, and sanitation. B) Mechanical or electrical controls such as tapes, repellent crops and apparatus, vacuuming, physical barriers, sound and light, insect removal by hand. C) Biological controls, such as release of natural predators and parasites, encouragement of predatory insects, birds, reptiles, etc. D) Spray and dust of low ecological profile, including insecticidal soaps, rock powders and diatomaceous earth, herbal preparations, dormant oil sprays in orchards, solutions of pureed pests or plants such as hot peppers or garlic. E) Microbial, bacterial and viral preparations such as Bacillus thuringensis and milky spore, provided no synthetic carriers are used. F) Pheromones used in traps or mating disruptive if not applied to food crops. G) Monitoring and assessment of acceptable levels of pest populations, relative to beneficial populations and crop damage. H) For larger animals and birds, mechanical controls such as balloons, bird traps, netting, predators, rodent traps and explosive devices. I) Establishing adequate year-round habitats for beneficial insects. Note: See Materials List, Appendix A VI. Seeds, Seedlings and Greenhouses A) Since organically grown seeds and seedlings are not readily available at this time, they are not required for certification. They will probably be required by 1995 or 1996. However, every effort should be made now to find organic sources. Non-organic seedlings are presently restricted and need approval by the Certification Committee prior to use. Explain any use of non-organic seedlings on your application. B) All standards for crop production apply to greenhouse production as well. This includes the potting media. C) Sterilization of greenhouse soils at temperatures higher than 180 degrees F. is prohibited. D) New greenhouses must not be framed with pressure treated lumber. If they are, soils and seedlings or plants must not come into direct contact with that wood. (See arsenic in Materials List for further explanation.) E) Use of seeds treated with synthetic fungicides is restricted. They can only be used if untreated seeds cannot be found. You must have authorization for their use from the Certification Committee before planting. Explain this on your application. VII. Post-Harvest Handling A) Acceptable post-harvest handling methods include hydrocooling, forced air cooling and/or refrigeration. No preservatives, fumigants, coloring agents, waxes (except beeswax) or oils are allowed. B) No post-harvest fungicides, insecticides, bactericides, etc., may be used except for materials on the Materials list such as Bt, diatomaceous earth, etc. C) Only methods of handling, transport,and storage which prevent contamination of organic products by toxic substances or prohibited materials may be used. D) If reusing packaging (boxes, bags), use only ones which contained organically grown products originally. (We encourage reuse.) If other situations are applicable, include this on the application. Note: See Weed, Pest and Disease Control Sections VIII. Restricted Materials or Practices Consult the Materials List in Appendix A to determine which materials are restricted or prohibited. Anticipated use of restricted materials or practices must be listed and explained on the application form. To request approval for emergency use for an unanticipated infestation, grower must contact the Certification Committee. Approval, in either case, will be granted only if applicant can justify use on a cultural and/or economic basis. All restricted materials or practices must be approved by the Committee prior to use. Thorough records must be kept of their use, such as date of purchase, application date and rate, equipment used for application, and disposal of containers. Write to CFSA Certification Committee, 115 W. Main St., Carrboro, NC 27510, or contact the Certification Coordinator. IX. Record Keeping and Audit Trail Each grower is required to maintain all records pertaining to certified crops and land for five years post harvest. These records must include: 1) Inputs: purchase receipts and application records 2) Harvest records 3) Sales records: sales slips and market sheets 4) Records of restricted substances and practices used 5) Certification Records, including past certification Audit trail records should be detailed enough to trace all raw materials from the supplier, through planting and harvesting, of a particular crop through distribution to both retailer and consumers. Records shall be made immediately available at any time on request to a certification inspector or Committee member. Note: Format may vary from grower to grower. File folders, diaries an d account books, computer programming, etc. are all potential record keeping possibilities. X. Monitoring for Compliance To assure adherence to the Standards, the Certification Committee may monitor for compliance by: 1) On-site inspections, announced or unannounced. 2) Residue testing, cost to be paid by farmer. If the Certification Committee finds just cause, certification will be revoked. This decision may be appealed. XI. Renewals and Additions To remain certified, the farmer is required to renew his/her certification annually. The renewal fee $125.00. Thirty days prior to the renewal date, notification will be sent to the farmer. If the renewal application is not received within sixty days after the renewal date, certification will be revoked automatically. The Certification Coordinator will review each renewal application. Inspections are required for each renewal. CFSA reserves the right to "spot-check" a farm at any time. Any inspection fees will be paid by the farmer. Application for registration under a new level, such as moving from Transitional to Organic, will be treated as a new application. After a farmer has qualified for certification, any new enterprise undertaken by the farmer is subject to a new application -- for example, adding livestock to vegetable production. For renewals, the entire farm may be covered by one application. XII. Changes to Standards and Materials List CFSA reserves the right to amend these Materials Lists as research sheds new light on products and practices. Questions and comments about standards and procedures should be directed to the Certification Committee, CFSA, 115 W. Main St., Carrboro, NC 27510, (919) 968-1030. Livestock Standards I. Livestock Certified Organic A) Breeder stock may be purchased from any source if such stock is not in the last third of gestation. B) Any livestock producer certified as organic: 1) shall feed such livestock organically produced feed that meets the requirements of this program. 2) shall maintain pasture in accordance with CFSA standards, not using any fertilizers or pest controls on the Prohibited List. 3) shall not use the following feed: a) plastic pellets for roughage b) manure refeeding c) feed formulas containing urea 4) shall not use growth promoters and hormones on such livestock, whether implanted, ingested, or injected, including antibiotics and synthetic trace element formulations used to stimulate growth or production of such livestock. C) Prohibited health care practices include: 1) subtherapeutic doses of antibiotics 2) synthetic parasiticide routinely given 3) medication, other than vaccination, in the absence of illness. These standards shall not be construed as discouraging proper treatment for disease or parasites. Any animal so treated shall be individually identifiable during the withdrawal period. Withdrawal periods after treatment with antibiotics are 2 weeks or 7 times the manufacturer's recommendations, whichever is longer. Withdrawal periods after treatment with antibiotics are 1 month or 3 times the manufacturer's recommendations, whichever is longer. D) Additional guidelines 1) All poultry from which meat or eggs will be sold or labeled as organically produced shall be raised and handled in accordance with the above standards during their entire lives or after their acquisition as day-old chicks. 2) A dairy animal from which milk or milk products will be sold or labelled as organically produced shall be raised and handled in accordance with these standards for not less than the 12-month period immediately prior to the sale of such milk or milk products. Pasture and feed crops must be certified. 3) Swine, Beef, Lamb, Goats, and all other animals from which meat shall be sold or labeled as organically grown shall be raised and handled in accordance with the above standards during their entire lives. 4) If a producer has purchased or otherwise acquired livestock not born on producer's farm, producer must be able to show that this livestock meets the requirements of these guidelines, through certification of the source, acceptable affidavits or other records. E) Livestock identification 1) Producers shall keep accurate records and maintain a detailed, verifiable audit trail so that each animal (or, in the case of poultry, each flock) can be traced back to the producer's farm. 2) Each producer shall keep accurate records on each animal (or, in the case of poultry, each flock) including: a) amount, circumstances and sources of medications administered b) all feeds and supplements bought and fed. F) In handling and processing Certified organic meat shall not come in contact with non-organically produced meat. If a producer has his animal slaughtered at a commercial establishment, the producer must make sure that a reasonable sanitation and separation is practiced and must set up a satisfactory system (such as tags or tatoos) for making sure that certified animals and carcasses are not mixed up with non-certified ones. II. Transitional Organic Livestock All animals sold as Transitional Organic must meet all the standards for organic labeling except that feed and pasture need only meet the requirements for Transitional Organic crop certification (i.e. grown under organic practices for at least one year.) III. Hormone and Antibiotic Free Certification All animals slaughtered and sold or labeled as hormone and antibiotic free shall be raised in accordance with all provisions for organic labeling with the exception that the producer need not feed such animals organically produced feed, nor maintain pasture under requirements for organic certification. See Appendix B for Livestock Materials List. Overview of the National Organic Standards Board (NOSB) Drafts The purpose of this certification manual is to inform growers not only about the requirements to be certified under CFSA's Organic Certification Program but also about the new federal law on organic certification, the National Organic Foods Production Act of 1990 (OFPA). This law establishes the first national standard for organic foods. These standards can help facilitate interstate commerce of organic foods. Once certified under the national program, farmers can sell organic foods in any state and consumers are assured of consistent standards for organic products. Implementation of the law was originally targeted for October 1993, but is now expected in October 1995. The following is a synopsis of the OFPA of 1990. Implementation The Transportation and Marketing Division of the United States Department of Agriculture administers the national organic program. Although the OFPA 1990 does not become effective until October 1, 1993 (tentative) its guidelines on materials must have been followed for three preceding years. The law affects and applies to all U.S. producers and handlers of food sold as organic. Small farmers who sell less than $5000 annually in all agricultural products are exempt from certification. The National Organic Standards Board (NOSB) was appointed by the Secretary of Agriculture on January 24, 1992. It consists of 14 members from all across the United States who are organic farmers, handlers, retailers, scientists, and representatives or members of public interest and consumer groups. This group will provide suggestions to the USDA Secretary of Agriculture for implementation. Registration Registration (certification) is completely voluntary providing the producer does not claim his products are certified organic or organically grown. Fines are applicable for false statements. The Federal law requires that every farm that produces food sold as organic be certified by October 1, 1993, except those with annual sales less than $5000. (Date may change.) Those that are not certified may not market their crops as organically grown. Again, fines will be imposed for using the organic label without being certified. All certifying organizations must be accredited by USDA. CFSA, as an independent certifying organization, is required to conduct annual on-site inspection of each farm, to require periodic residue testing, to collect fees from certified farmers, and to recertify each farm annually. Certifying organizations must avoid any conflict of interest, by not inspecting any farm in which it has a commercial interest, not accepting any gifts or favors from a farmer, and not providing any services for a fee beyond certification. According to Federal law, the certified area must have distinct boundaries and buffer zones separating it from non-organic fields. The farmer must keep records of all organic operations separate from records of other operations and use appropriate facilities, machinery and management practices to prevent the possibility of mixing organic products with non-organic. The certifying agent may provide reasonable exemptions from specific requirements for organic foods produced on a farm that is subject to Federal or state emergency pest or disease treatment. Organic Farm Plan The 1990 OFPA will require that any farmer seeking to sell food products as organic must submit an organic plan to the certifying agent. The plan must include crop production, livestock production, mixed crop and livestock production and all accompanying requirements. A draft of a sample farm plan that explains to the farmer what is required and also gives useful suggestions is available from NOSB. (Address listed on last page.) Crop Production Methods No prohibited materials can be applied to the land used to produce organic crops for three years preceding the harvest of the crop being certified. As soon as the National materials list is published, CFSA will adopt it as policy. Treatment of and materials applied to seed and seedlings are also governed by the certification program. Transplants treated with synthetic or prohibited material are prohibited. Fertilizers containing synthetic or prohibited ingredients cannot be used. Plastic mulches can be used only if they are removed at the end of each growing season. Livestock (Animal) Production Practices and Materials The materials list developed by the NOSB will become effective as the 1990 Farm Bill is implemented. Breeder stock may be purchased from any source if it is not in the last third of gestation. Livestock must be fed organically-produced feed that meets specific requirements. Livestock cannot be given plastic pellets for roughage, or be fed formulas containing urea. Livestock cannot be given growth promoters, hormones antibiotics or synthetic micronutrient used to stimulate growth. Livestock cannot be given subtherapeutic doses of antibiotics, synthetic internal parasiticides on a regular basis, or medication, other than vaccines, in the absence of illness. Poultry for meat or eggs must be raised and handled in accordance with Federal standards during the period in which organic meat and eggs are sold. Dairy livestock must be raised and handled in accordance with standards for 12 months prior to the sale of organic milk or milk products. Record Keeping (Crops and Livestock) Farmers who grow organic crops must keep records showing a detailed history of: *all substances applied to fields or to agricultural products *the names and addresses of persons who applied the substances *the dates, rates, and methods of application of each substance Records must be retained by the farmer for five years. Farmers who produce livestock must keep records of the amounts and sources of all medications given and all feeds and feed supplements bought and fed. The producers must also keep records which provide a detailed verifiable audit trail so that each animal or flock can be traced. Penalties for Violations Products with residues of prohibited substances or residues in prohibited amounts (such as from unintentional contamination) cannot be sold or labelled as organic. Any person who knowingly violates the 1990 OFPA Act can be fined up to $10,000. A person who is adversely affected by an action of a Federal or state official or a certifying organization may appeal the action. The Secretary of Agriculture will establish an appeals procedure, which will be published. Until then appeals may be made to the CFSA Board of Directors. APPENDIX C Important Addresses Carolina Farm Stewardship Association 115 W. Main St. Carrboro, NC 27510 (919) 968-1030 CFSA Certification Coordinator Sarah Slover 8408 Pine Field Rd. Apex, NC 27502 (919) 362-8632 National Organic Standards Program USDA/AMS/TMD Room 2510-South P.O. Box 96456 Washington, DC 20090-6456 Appendix A Crops Materials List Appendix A is the Certification Committee's list of materials, allowed or prohibited, in the production of organic crops. The list is subject to change as a National List is established by Federal legislation, and as new research sheds light on practices and materials. Definitions A - Allowed: Those materials and practices which may be used in growing and processing foods. AR - Allowed with Restrictions: Those materials and practices which are allowed only under specific circumstances or for a particular use. These materials may only be used with the approval of the Certification Committee. P - Prohibited: Any material or practice which may not be used in the production of handling of organically certified food. Sta- Material Source Use Comments tus ___________________________________________________________________ A Alcohol Synthetic Production Allowed as solvent (includes aid and carriers in ethanol & brand name methanol) products P Alcohol Synthetic Production (isopropyl) aid A Alfalfa meal Natural Plant/soil input P Ammonia Synthetic Plant/soil products input including chloride, nitrate, phosphate, sulfate AR Ammonium Synthetic Pest Allowed for use as soaps control an animal repellent, must not contact harvested portion of crop. Products must have verification of carriers, impurities, and inerts P Anticoagulant Synthetic Pest rodent bait control A Aragonite Natural Plant/soil See Limestone input A Antibiotics Synthetic Pest control Allowed for disease control only. Must be from a natural source, products must have verification of carriers and inerts, and must be grown and extracted using compatible organic procedures AR> Arsenic Synthetic Production Pressure treated P (copper aid lumber is allowed chromic for existing arsenate) installations but prohibited for new plantings (see greenhouses) P Basic slag Synthetic Plant/soil input A Bacillus Natural Pest thuringensis control (BT) A Beneficial Natural Pest Algae, animals, organisms control bacteria, fungi, (biological insects, control) nematodes, protozoa, viruses A Biodynamic Natural Production preparation aid P Bird baits Synthetic Pest & Natural control A Bird traps Synthetic Pest and netting & Natural control AR Bleach/chlori Synthetic Production Allowed for use as ne (sodium aid a disinfectant and hypo-chlorite for cleaning and similar irrigation compounds) systems. Prohibited for direct application to crops. Chlorinated municipal drinking water is allowed. A Blood meal Natural Plant soil/input A Bone meal Natural Plant/soil input A Borate Natural Plant/soil input AR Bordeaux Synthetic Plant/soil Restricted use on mixes (copper input soils and crops sulfate mixed due to potential with hydrated build up of copper lime) in soil A Boric acid Synthetic Pest control Restricted to use on inedible plant parts AR Boron Natural Plant/soil Use restricted to products input documented field (soluble) deficiency * Botanical * Pest control See individual pesticides pesticides P Calcium Synthetic Plant/soil nitrate input AR Calcium oxide Synthetic Plant/soil Use only when no input natural substitute AR Calcium Natural Plant/soil See gypsum sulfate input A Carbon Natural Plant/soil dioxide gas input A Chelates Natural & Production Restricted to use Synthetic aid in combination with micronutrients in cases of documented deficiencies AR Chilean Natural Plant/soil See sodium nitrate nitrate input P Chlorinated Synthetic Pest control hydrocarbons A Citric Acid Natural Production aid A Citrus oil Natural Production aid AR Cocoa bean Natural Plant/soil May contain hulls input residues banned in US. Must be documented residue free. AR Colloidal Natural Plant/soil Mined source only phosphate input AR Composts Natural Plant/soil No prohibited input material may be used in composting. AR Controlled Natural Production May be used post atmosphere aid harvest in lime controlled atmosphere storage but prohibited as a fertilizer A Copper Synthetic Pest control See Bordeaux mixes (includes fixed copper groups which do not require a tolerance level set by Fed agencies. Includes hydroxides, basic sulfates, oxychlorides and oxides.) A Copper Synthetic Pest control See Bordeaux mixes sulfate AR Cotton gin Natural Plant/soil Must be composted trash input to break down pesticide residues AR Cotton seed Natural Plant/soil Restricted to meal input documented residue-free or composted sources A Cover crops Natural Plant/soil input P Creosote Natural Plant/soil input A Crop rotation Natural Plant/soil input A Deer and Natural Pest control Natural sources rabbit only repellent A Detergents Synthetic Production Products aid containing detergents must be reviewed and each detergent must not contain any prohibited inerts P Diammomium Synthetic Plant/soil phosphate input (DAP) A Diatomaceous Natural Pest control earth P Dicalcium Synthetic Plant/soil phosphate input P Dimethyl Synthetic Plant/soil sulfoxide input P Drip Synthetic Production irrigation aid cleaners A Dormant oils Synthetic Pest control Restricted to use as a dormant spray on woody plants AR Enzymes Natural Production Restricted to aid microbiologically derived sources AR Epsom salts Natural Plant/soil Mined source only. (magnesium input High salt content sulfate) may limit use plant soil input. A Ethylene gas Synthetic Production Use on bananas aid only A Feather meal Natural Plant/soil input A Feldspar Natural Plant/soil Mined sources input only AR Fish emulsion Natural Plant/soil Restricted to input forms that do not contain synthetic preservations and which are not fortified with synthetic plant nutrients. Stabilizers in fish emulsion cannot exceed 1% by weight of P2O5 AR Fish meal, Natural Plant/soil solubles input unfortified A Foliar sprays Natural Plant/soil and seed input treatments P Formaldehyde Synthetic Pest control A Fruit pumices Natural Production aid AR Fruit waxes Natural Production Restricted to aid sources such as carnauba or wood extracted wax which do not contain any prohibited synthetic substances, may not be used on edible plant parts P Fumigants (in Synthetic Pest control packing) P Fungicides Synthetic Pest and control bactericides A Garlic Natural Pest control AR Gibberellic Natural Production Restricted to acid aid fermentation process sources, GA fortified with prohibited synthetic substances is prohibited AR Granite dust Natural Plant/soil Mined source input only A Grazing Natural Pest control A Green manures Natural Plant/soil input AR Greensand Natural Plant/soil Mined source input only A Guano, bat or Natural Plant/soil bird input AR Gypsum Natural Plant/soil Mined source (calcium input only sulphate) P Gypsum Natural Plant/soil byproduct input A Herbal Natural Plant/soil preparations input P Herbicides Synthetic Pest control A Hoof and horn Natural Plant/soil meal input A Humates Natural Plant/soil input A Humic acid Natural Plant/soil derivatives input A Hydrogen Synthetic Production peroxide aid P Hydrolyzed Natural & Plant/soil fish meal Synthetic input treated with acid AR Innoculants - Natural Plant/soil Restricted to microbial for input substances that do soil plants, not contain compost and prohibited seed additives A Insect Natural Pest control extracts (bug juice) A Insect traps Pest control A Intercropping Natural Plant/soil input P Ionizing Natural Pest control radiation A Kelp extracts Natural Plant/soil input A Kelp meal Natural Plant/soil input A Kieserite Natural Plant/soil Mined source input only A Kiln dust Natural Plant/soil input A Langeinite Natural Plant/soil input P Leather Natural Plant/soil byproducts, input meal tankage and dust A Leaves, leaf Natural Plant/soil mold input AR Lignite Natural Plant/soil Mined source only input A Lime, Synthetic Production Postharvest use controlled aid only. Prohibited atmosphere, as a fertilizer hydrated AR Limestone Natural Plant/soil Aragonite, calcium ground input carbonate, dolomitic. Mined source only AR Lime sulfur Synthetic Pest control Restricted to (includes foliar application calcium as a fungicide polysulphide) P Magnesium Synthetic Plant/soil nitrate input AR Magnesium Natural Plant/soil see epsom salts sulfates input P Malathion Synthetic Pest control A Manures, Natural Plant/soil composted input AR Manures, raw Natural Plant/soil Refer to input restrictions cited in Sect 2ll4 of OFPA l990: l) the prohibition of raw manure application less than 60 days before harvest, 2) the prohibition of raw manure application in any way that significantly contributes to water contamination by nitrates or bacteria AR Marl Natural Plant/soil Mined source input only A Mechanical * Pest and cultural control controls P Methyl Synthetic Pest control bromide AR Micronutrient Synthetic Plant/soil Restricted to sprays input cases where (compatible deficiencies are synthetics) documented by soil and plant tissue tests. A Milky spore Natural Pest control disease (bacillus papillae) AR Mined Natural Plant/soil minerals input P Mono ammonius Synthetic phosphate (MAP) P Moth balls Synthetic Pest control and crystals A Mulches, Natural Plant/soil organic input, weed control AR Muriate of Natural Plant/soil Mined source only. potash input Must be from a manner that prevents excessive chloride accumulation in soils. Soil testing may be required from both treated and untreated adjacent soil to verify absence of chloride buildup. AR Mushroom Natural Plant/soil Restricted to compost input documented residue - free or recomposted sources AR Neem and neem Natural Pest control Restricted to extracts localized, cautious use because of non- selective action A Nematodes Natural Pest control A Newspaper Synthetic Production mulch aid P Nicotine Natural Pest control concentrates P Nitric acid Synthetic Plant/soil input A Nitrogen Natural Plant/soil fixing crops input (legumes) AR Nitrogen gas Natural Production Restricted to post (N2) aid input harvest use AR Oxalic acid Natural Production Restricted to use aid as a greenhouse disinfectant A Oystershell Natural Plant/soil input P Parathion Synthetic Pest control A Peanut meal Natural Plant/soil input A Peat moss Natural Plant/soil input A Perlite Natural Plant/soil input P Pentachloroph Synthetic Pest control enol P Pesticides Synthetic Pest control AR Petroleum Synthetic Pest control Dormant and summer distillates oils (suffocating oils) are allowed. Oils for control of weeds are prohibited. Products containing petroleum distillates should be used only as a last resort, with justification of need documented to the certification agent. A Petroleum Synthetic Production Petroleum oil spray aid adjuvants may not adjuvants contain any (includes synthetic spreader pesticides. stickers and Dormant oils are carriers) allowed for use as spray adjuvants on woody perennials. A Pheromones Synthetic Pest control AR Phosphate Natural Plant/soil Mined source only, rock input colloidal phosphate (soft rock phosphate) P Phosphoric Synthetic Plant/soil acid input AR Piperonyl Synthetic Pest control Allowed for use as butoxide a synergist with botanicals only AR Plant Natural Production Restricted to use extracts aid as plant protectant or adjuvant P Plant Synthetic Pest control protectant P Plastic feed Synthetic Plant/soil pellets input AR Plastics for Synthetic Production Restricted mulch, row aid according to the covers and Organic Foods solarization Production Act of l990: Plastic "must be removed at the end of each growing season." It must not be incorporated into the soil or left in the field to decompose. AR Potassium Natural Plant/soil Mined source only. chloride input Must be from a (muriate of manner that potash) prevents excessive chloride accumulation in soils. Soil testing may be required from both treated and untreated adjacent soil to verify absence of chloride buildup. P Potassium Synthetic Plant/soil nitrate input AR Potassium Natural Plant/soil Mined source sulfate input only AR Pyrethrums Natural Pest control Only natural forms allowed without synthetic additives AR Quassia Natural Pest control Restricted to localized, cautious use because of non- selective action A Resistant Natural Pest control varieties A Rice residues Natural Plant/soil input AR Rock dust Natural Plant/soil input A Rodent traps * Pest control AR Rotenone Natural Pest control Restricted to use on fields where toxicity to fish is not a problem. Restricted to localized, cautious use because of non- selective action AR Ryania Natural Pest control Restricted to localized, cautious use because of non- selective action AR Sabadilla Natural Pest control Restricted to localized, cautious use because of non- selective action A Sand Natural Plant/soil input A Sawdust Natural Plant/soil input A Sea animal Natural Plant/soil waste input A Seaweed and Natural Plant/soil seaweed input products P Sewage sludge Synthetic Plant/soil input A Silica Natural Plant/soil mineral input suspensions AR Soap based Synthetic Pest control Restricted to use herbicide on non-food plants A Soaps Synthetic Pest control Fatty acids of vegetable oils and animal fats AR Soda ash Natural Production Restricted to post From almanac@amani.ces.ncsu.eduTue Feb 28 15:14:18 1995 Date: Tue, 28 Feb 1995 15:08:54 -0500 From: Almanac Information Server Reply to: owner-almanac@ces.ncsu.edu To: "Lawrence F. London, Jr." Subject: RE: (none) (Part 0002/0002) -------- aid harvest use in floating tree fruits A Sodium Synthetic Pest control bicarbonate (baking soda) AR Sodium Natural Pest control Residue can be fluoluminate toxic and (cryolite) persistent. Wash off residues before marketing. P Sodium Synthetic Plant/soil hydroxide input A Sodium Synthetic Plant/soil molybdate input AR> Sodium Natural Plant/soil Cannot exceed 20% P nitrate input of total nitrogen (Chilean applied to a crop. nitrate) Must be used in a manner that prevents excessive nitrate and/or sodium accumulation in soils. Soil testing may be required at end of each season. All use must be phased out within 5 years of implementation of OFPA 1990. A Sodium Synthetic Production silicate aid P Soil Synthetic Pest fumigants control A Soybean meal Natural Plant/soil input A Straw Natural Plant/soil input A Sticky Natural Pest barriers control AR> Strychnine Natural Pest All use must be P control phased out within 5 years of implementation of Organic Foods Production Act of 1990. AR Suffocating Synthetic Pest Restricted to use oils, control on woody and petroleum perennial plants. based Allow for dormant and summer use. A Suffocating Natural Pest control oils, vegetable & animal derived AR Sugar beet Natural Plant/soil Must be documented lime input residue free AR Sulfates of Synthetic Plant/soil Use only if soil zinc or iron input tissue test shows need AR> Sulfur Natural Production Allowed in drip P dioxide aid systems and in irrigation water. Prohibited for post harvest use. AR> Sulfur, Natural & Plant/soil Foliar use as an P elemental, Synthetic input insecticide or flowers & fungicide is liquid allowed. Prohibited for post harvest treatment of crops. A Sulphate of Natural Plant/soil potash input magnesia AR Summer oils Synthetic Pest control See petroleum products P Super Synthetic Plant/soil phosphate input P Synthetic Synthetic Plant/soil fertilizers inputs A Thermal weed Natural Pest control control AR Tobacco dust Natural Plant/soil Restricted to use input & Pest as a fertilizer control and on crops where there is a documented pest problem without a biological alternative. AR Trace Natural & Plant/soil Restricted to minerals Synthetic input cases where deficiencies are documented. Trace elements: boron, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, zinc. AR Tree seals Synthetic Production Plant or milk aid based paints are recommended, no synthetic combinations or fungicides. Lime- based or interior latex paints allowed. Petroleum materials allowed if it is documented that there is no available alternative. A Traps Natural Pest control P Transpiration Synthetic Production blocker aid AR> Transplants, Natural Production All annual P non organic w/ aid transplants must synthetic be organically s grown unless no alternative is available. All use of non-organic transplants must be phased out within 1 year of implementation of Organic Foods Production Act of 1990. AR Treated seeds Natural Production May be used where w/ aid no alternative is synthetic available. Likely s to be prohibited with the implementation of Organic Food Production Act of 1990. P Triple Synthetic Plant/soil phosphate, input super triple phosphate P Urea Synthetic Plant/soil input A Vegetable Natural Plant/soil cuttings, input cannery wastes AR Vegetable oil Natural Production Includes spreader spray aid stickers, adjuvants surfactants, and carriers. Restricted to adjuvants comprised of at least 90% plant oil, may not contain synthetic pesticides. A Vermiculite Natural Plant/soil input A Virus sprays Natural Pest control P Vitamin bait Synthetic Pest control P Vitamin B1 Natural & Plant/soil Plant growth Synthetic input hormone AR Vitamin D3 Synthetic Pest control Restricted to use as a rodent bait A Water Natural & Plant/soil absorbent Synthetic input seed coatings A Weeder geese Pest control AR Wetting agent Natural & Plant/soil Synthetic input AR Wood ashes Natural Plant/soil Allowed if from a input naturally occurring material. Restricted to moderate use. Manure ash is prohibited. A Worm castings Natural Plant/soil input AR Zeolite Natural Plant/soil Mined source only input