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To: 
Subject: PANUPS: New Export Policy
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========================================================
PESTICIDE ACTION NETWORK NORTH AMERICA UPDATES SERVICE
============================================================
EPA STRENGTHENS U.S. PESTICIDE EXPORT NOTIFICATION AND 
LABELING REQUIREMENTS

February 22, 1993

	On February 18, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 
(EPA) published in the Federal Register a new Export Policy that 
strengthens notification and labeling requirements for U.S. pesticide 
exports, and applies notification requirements to more pesticides.  The 
new policy also expands the number of regulatory actions that trigger 
notification of foreign governments; requires additional information 
on product identity and final country destination; and calls for 
multilingual product warning labels.  It is slated to take effect April 19, 
except for the export notification requirements, which become effective 
June 1, 1993.  
	These changes suggest that EPA officials have been influenced by 
years of harsh criticism of inadequate export controls, and strong public 
support for "Circle of Poison" legislation to ban the exports of 
unregistered pesticides.  The Export Policy is intended to create a 
framework for activities mandated by Section 17 of the Federal 
Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), and updates 
policies published in 1975 and 1980.  
	Under current policies, exporters are required to notify foreign 
purchasers prior to shipping unregistered pesticides, and obtain a 
"Foreign Purchaser Acknowledgement Statement," which the exporter 
is required to forward to EPA.  EPA then transmits the statement to the 
U.S. embassy in the importing country, which forwards it to a 
government contact.  EPA is also required to send notices of significant 
regulatory actions involving pesticides to foreign governments.  In 
practice, both of these procedures are often not followed.  
	The new policy includes the following provisions:

--Transmitting export notices directly to "Designated National 
Authorities" in importing countries, instead relying on U.S. embassies 
to forward them.
--Requiring exporters to submit to EPA signed purchaser 
acknowledgement statements for each shipment; or to supply these 
statements to EPA annually, provided that the exporters also submit 
annual summaries of all shipments.  
--Elimination of the exemption to the purchaser acknowledgement 
statement for unregistered pesticides "similar in composition and use" 
to registered pesticides. 
--Requiring international notification for a wider range of regulatory 
actions, including all actions taken on the basis of health or 
environmental concerns, for which notices will be "sent immediately 
after the decision," according to EPA.  
--Sending importing countries an annual summary of all U.S. pesticide 
regulatory actions.
--Requiring more information in purchaser acknowledgement 
statements, including clear identification of active ingredients and final 
destination countries.
--Clarification that unregistered products are exempt from notification 
requirements if they are shipped solely for research and development 
purposes and meet certain usage restrictions.
--Confirmation that labeling requirements apply to all pesticide exports, 
including unregistered and research and development products.
--Upgrading the current provision that certain label statements 
(including ingredients and warning statements) be bilingual, to require 
multilingual labeling for multi-destination shipments.  
--Determination that information on the destination country is not 
entitled to confidential treatment.

	EPA's policy exceeds the requirements of the Prior Informed 
Consent (PIC) procedures established by the U.N. Food and 
Agricultural Organization (FAO) and the U.N. Environment 
Programme (UNEP).  PIC provides a system for participating 
governments to identify banned and severely restricted pesticides and 
industrial chemicals that they choose not to import.  EPA's policy goes 
beyond PIC by requiring notification for many more pesticides, 
including never-registered pesticides.
	The new Export Policy significantly improves existing standards, 
particularly by requiring government notification for a broader range of 
regulatory actions, by requiring signed purchaser acknowledgement 
statements for more pesticide shipments, and by making more 
information on pesticide exports publicly available.  However, while 
these stricter labeling and notification standards are important, they 
only begin to address the widespread health and environmental 
damages caused by U.S. pesticide exports.
	EPA's announcement of the new policy refers to enhancing "the 
protection of public health and the environment from risks of... 
pesticides, both in the United States and throughout the world" as a 
major goal for its international pesticide activities.  Given this 
commitment, EPA should take a leadership role in discouraging 
exports of hazardous pesticides and promoting safe, sustainable pest 
management.  Two key policies advocated by PAN North America and 
Greenpeace, but not reflected in the new Export Policy, are a halt to 
exports of pesticides banned or unregistered in the U.S., and proactive 
measures to provide information on non-chemical alternatives to 
importing countries.  PAN North America and Greenpeace urge EPA 
to work with Congress and citizen groups to pass pesticide export 
control legislation this year.

What you can do:

Write to EPA Administrator Carol Browner (see EPA address below) to 
support the improved Export Policy provisions, while urging EPA to 
support a halt to exports of unregistered pesticides and promote 
alternatives to hazardous pesticide exports.

Urge your Congressional representatives to co-sponsor and support 
pesticide export control ("Circle of Poison") legislation this year (no bill 
number yet).

Sources:  "For Your Information:  Pesticide Export Policy," U.S. EPA, 
January 1993; Pesticide and Toxic Chemical News, February 17, 1993; 
Sandra Marquardt, Greenpeace.

To obtain a copy of the new Export Policy, contact Stephen Howie (mail 
code EN-342W), EPA, 401 M St. SW, Washington D.C. 20460; phone 
(703) 308-8290.

Contacts:  Sandra Marquardt, Greenpeace, 1436 U Street NW, 
Washington D.C. 20009; phone (202) 319-2472; fax (202) 462-4507; PAN 
North America Regional 
Center.==================================================
=======

========================================================
==
This information is provided by the Pesticide Action Network North 
America Updates Service (PANUPS), a pesticide-related news service 
from the Pesticide Action Network (PAN) North American Regional 
Center. Updates are posted weekly on EcoNet in the "en.pesticides," 
"en.agriculture" and other appropriate electronic conferences, and 
distributed worldwide across the APC computer network. PANUPS is 
also posted in the Public Conference on RTK NET, on GeoNet in the 
PESTICIDES-BBS bulletin board, on FidoNet in The Ecology Network, 
on the Sustainable Agriculture Network (SANET) on BitNet, and on 
PENpages agriculture information service at Penn State Univ. Hard-
copy compilations of these updates are also available.  Permission to 
reprint or repost PANUPS is granted, providing that the source is 
credited.  Please inform us of where PANUPS is circulated.  For more 
information about PAN activities and publications, contact: PAN NA 
RC, 965 Mission Street #514, San Francisco, CA 94103. Tel: (415) 541-
9140. Fax: (415) 541-9253. Telex: 156283472 PANNA. E-mail address on 
EcoNet: panna@igc.apc.org
========================================================
==

From panna@igc.apc.org Tue Feb 23 21:12:53 1993
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From: Pesticide Action Network North America Reg Ctr <panna@igc.apc.org>
To: 
Subject: PANUPS: US Supreme Court Upholds Delaney Clause
Cc: 
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=======================================================
PESTICIDE ACTION NETWORK NORTH AMERICA UPDATES SERVICE
=======================================================
U.S. SUPREME COURT DECLINES TO WEAKEN DELANEY CLAUSE

February 23, 1993

The United States Supreme Court announced on Monday, February 22 
that it would not hear arguments seeking to overturn the Ninth 
Circuit Court of Appeals' decision that holds the U.S. Environmental 
Protection Agency  (EPA)  to a strict interpretation of the Delaney 
Clause in the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, which prohibits 
carcinogenic pesticides and other additives in processed foods. (see 
PANUPS, February 4, 1993.)

The Natural Resources Defense Council, Public Citizen, and the AFL-
CIO brought suit against EPA in response to a 1988 EPA 
announcement that cancer-causing pesticides would be permissible if 
they posed "negligible risk" to human health.  Under that standard, 
the pesticides benomyl, phosmet, mancozeb, and trifluralin were 
ruled an exception to the Delaney Clause provisions. In July of 1992, 
the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled unanimously that EPA did 
not have such discretion, and that the language of the Delaney Clause 
is "clear and mandatory" in providing for a strong standard of 
excluding cancer-causing substances from the food supply. EPA did 
not appeal the decision, but an industry advocacy group, the National 
Agricultural Chemicals Association, brought the appeal to the 
Supreme Court.

The Supreme Court's denial of the appeal affirms a zero-risk standard 
for 32 pesticides EPA has identified as potential carcinogens. Al 
Meyerhoff, attorney for NRDC, praised the Supreme Court's decision, 
commenting that "at a time when cancer strikes one in three 
Americans, we should not lower our guard against this disease."

FOR MORE INFORMATION: Al Meyerhoff, Lawrie Mott, NRDC, 77 
Stevenson St., suite 1250, San Francisco, CA 94105, phone (415) 777-
0220;  Erik Olson, Sarah Silver, NRDC, 1350 New York Avenue NW, 
Washington, DC 20005, phone (202) 783-7800

Sources: San Francisco Examiner, February 22, 1993, San Francisco 
Chronicle, February 23, 1993,  NRDC News Release, 1993; see PANUPS 
February 4, 1993 on EPA and the Delaney Clause for other background 
sources.

=======================================================
This information is provided by the Pesticide Action Network North 
America Updates Service (PANUPS), a pesticide-relate
d news service from the Pesticide Action Network (PAN) North 
American Regional Center. Updates are posted weekly on EcoNet in 
"en.pesticides," "en.agriculture" and other appropriate electronic 
conferences, and distributed worldwide across the APC computer 
network. PANUPS is also posted in the Public Conference on RTK 
NET, on GeoNet in the PESTICIDES-BBS bulletin board, on FidoNet 
in The Ecology Network, on the Sustainable Agriculture Network 
(SANET) on BitNet, and on PENpages agriculture information service 
at Penn State Univ. Hard-copy compilations of these updates are also 
available. Permission to reprint or repost PANUPS is granted. 
provided that sources are acknowledged. Please inform PAN NA of 
where PANUPS are republished. For more information about PAN 
activities and publications, contact: PAN NA RC, 965 Mission Street 
#514, San Francisco, CA 94103. Tel: (415) 541-9140. Fax: (415) 541-9253. 
Telex: 156283472 PANNA. E-mail address on EcoNet: 
panna@igc.apc.org
=======================================================


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Subject: The Purpose of this Conference
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This private conference is for the use of the Pesticide Action Network
North America Regional Center to distribute its PANUPS news service.


From panna@igc.apc.org Fri Mar  5 21:14:29 1993
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From: Pesticide Action Network North America Reg Ctr <panna@igc.apc.org>
Date: 05 Mar 93 14:58 PST
Subject: PANUPS Pesticide Makers will pay
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========================================================
PESTICIDE ACTION NETWORK NORTH AMERICA UPDATES SERVICE
========================================================
Pesticide Makers Will Pay to Clean Town's Water

March 5, 1993

	On February 24, the city council of Sanger, CA agreed to settle a 
lawsuit against three former manufacturers of the pesticide DBCP out 
of court for $25 million.  The Fresno County town filed the lawsuit 
against Shell Oil Co,. Dow Chemical Co., and Occidental Chemical Co. 
to cover the costs of removing DBCP from its water system. 
	The Sanger settlement may well influence the outcome of 
similar suits filed by other California cities, including Fresno, Modesto, 
Lodi, and Dinuba.  The basic claim of all these lawsuits is that 
manufacturers knew, or should have known from studies conducted 
in the 1960s and 70s, that DBCP could cause cancer and sterility, and 
that it would seep through sandy soils and into aquifers below the 
Central Valley.  
	According to Duane Miller, an attorney for some of the towns 
suing the pesticide manufacturers, "This is the first time in the country 
that cities have sued for contamination of public drinking water 
attributable to normal farming operations."  Traditionally, water 
suppliers have inherited responsibility for cleaning up such 
contamination.  The total price tag for removing enough DBCP from 
Central Valley water supplies to meet current state standards is 
estimated at over $600 million.  (The maximum level of DBCP allowed 
in California drinking water is 0.2 parts per billion.)
	The judge in the Sanger trial, which began in San Francisco 
Superior Court in January 1993, indicated that the three companies 
would be liable for punitive damages, creating a strong incentive for 
them to settle to avoid paying potentially vast damages.  Ten million 
dollars of the settlement amount will pay for construction and 
operation of water filtration systems and development of new wells as 
the city grows; the $15 million balance will go to the city and its 
attorneys.  If $10 million proves inadequate to cover the water system 
costs, the companies have agreed to provide additional funds.
	DBCP was widely used as a nematicide (to kill nematodes, small 
worms in the soil) in the U.S. until it was virtually banned in 1979, 
following revelations that 35 workers in an Occidental formulation 
plant had been sterilized by their exposure to DBCP (use on pineapples 
in Hawaii was allowed until 1985; now all uses are banned in the U.S.)  
Dow and Shell company scientists had apparently known at least since 
the 1960s that the pesticide was a testicular toxin, but had suppressed 
the information.  DBCP is also a potent carcinogen, and can cause 
numerous acute and chronic health effects.
	Dow and Shell are also defendants in lawsuits filed on behalf of 
Costa Rican banana plantation workers sterilized by exposure to DBCP 
(U.S. exports continued after the virtual ban in 1979).  In the summer 
of 1992, almost 1000 Costa Rican workers were forced to settle out of 
court due to legal technicalities, for amounts much lower than those 
received by U.S. workers in similar cases (see PANUPS 9/24/92).

Sources:  San Francisco Chronicle, 3/1/93; San Francisco Examiner, 
2/25/93; PANUPS 9/24/92; Dirty Dozen Pesticide Fact Sheets; California 
Department of Health Services; Cindy Hoopes, Fresno Valley Action 
Network (VAN); 

Contact:  Cindy Hoopes, VAN, P. O. Box 5135, Fresno, California 93755 
USA; phone (209) 222-7796.


========================================================
This information is provided by the Pesticide Action Network North 
America Updates Service (PANUPS), a pesticide-related news service 
from the Pesticide Action Network (PAN) North American Regional 
Center. Updates are posted weekly on EcoNet in "en.pesticides," 
"en.agriculture" and other appropriate electronic conferences, and 
distributed worldwide across the APC computer network. PANUPS is 
also posted in the Public Conference on RTK NET, on GeoNet in the 
PESTICIDES-BBS bulletin board, on FidoNet in The Ecology Network, 
on the Sustainable Agriculture Network (SANET) on BitNet, and on 
PENpages agriculture information service at Penn State Univ. Hard-
copy compilations of these updates are also available. For more 
information about PAN activities and publications, contact: PAN NA 
RC, 965 Mission Street #514, San Francisco, CA 94103. Tel: (415) 541-
9140. Fax: (415) 541-9253. Telex: 156283472 PANNA. E-mail address on 
EcoNet: panna@igc.apc.org
========================================================




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Date: 12 Mar 93 16:54 PST
Subject: PANUPS: Farmworkers Health Study
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========================================================
PESTICIDE ACTION NETWORK NORTH AMERICA UPDATES SERVICE
========================================================

U.S. BEGINS LONG-TERM STUDY OF FARM FAMILY HEALTH

March 12, 1993

	Three national agencies are launching a project to 
monitor the health of farmers, farmworkers, and their 
families, in what will be the largest agriculture-related 
health study ever undertaken in the U.S. The 
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Cancer 
Institute (NCI), and the National Institute of 
Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) will collaborate 
on this project, which will last ten years, or longer if 
funding is available. 
	NCI comments that farmers are chronically exposed 
to "potentially harmful compounds such as pesticides. . . 
chemical solvents, engine exhausts, animal viruses, 
sunlight, and other substances common to agriculture." 
The new project should provide important data on the 
health effects of these exposures over time.
	The project is a prospective epidemiological study 
(one in which an identified group, or cohort, is studied 
over a specified period of time) that will follow two 
cohorts of farm families: one in Iowa, and one in North 
Carolina. The project will include up to 100,000 people, 
including male and female farmers, farmers' spouses, 
agricultural pesticide applicators, and their children. 
	Prior studies have shown that U.S. farmers have 
higher-than-normal rates of several types of cancer, 
including lymphoma and sarcoma, multiple myeloma, 
certain leukemias, and cancers of the brain, prostate, 
skin, and lip. In some cases, specific agents have been 
linked with these cancers -- for example, 
epidemiological studies have linked exposure to phenoxy 
herbicides, and 2,4-D in particular, with significantly 
enhanced rates of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in farmers.
	Until now, few studies of farmer health in the U.S. 
have assessed or compared the health status of various 
ethnic groups. NIEHS, which is involved primarily in the 
assessment of non-cancer health outcomes of farming in 
this study, notes that the Iowa cohort is expected to be 
overwhelmingly white, but that the North Carolina cohort 
is expected to include a substantial number of people of 
Native American and African American descent, among 
both farmers and farmworkers.
	Past studies of farm health by NCI and other health 
monitoring agencies have generally been case-control 
studies, in which a selected group of "cases" of those 
manifesting a particular condition are compared with 
"controls," a selected group of those who do not have the 
condition under study. In launching a prospective study 
that will examine the cumulative health status of the 
farm cohorts over many years, investigators will be able 
to study many types of cancer and non-cancer health 
events in a consistent population. Another advantage of a 
prospective study such as this is that it will gather 
information on health events and exposures as they 
occur. This eliminates some of the problems associated 
with retrospective health surveys that rely heavily on 
recall of past events.
	In addition to ongoing medical care and assessment 
of medical records, some participants in the study will 
be selected for ongoing physiological and/or 
neurobehavioral monitoring. This will include blood, 
urine, or body tissue testing, as well as 
neuropsychological tests of memory, perception, and 
motor ability. Neurotoxicity is among the most 
significant concerns of the non-cancer portion of this 
study, as it has been estimated by EPA and the Office of 
Technology Assessment (OTA) that between 25% and 50% 
of pesticide active ingredients are known or suspected 
human neurotoxins. Reproductive toxicity will also be an 
important focus -- NIEHS reports that detailed analysis 
will be given to male and female reproductive system 
health, to fertility and pregnancy outcomes, and to 
developmental assessment of the children of farmers and 
applicators.

Sources:  RThree Agencies to Cooperate in Agricultural 
Health Study,S National Cancer Institute, January 25, 
1993; EPA Press Advisory, January 25, 1993; 
RNCI/EPA/NIEHS Agricultural Heath Study,S NIEHS, 
undated.

Contacts: Office of Cancer Communication, National 
Cancer Institute (NCI), Building 31, Room 10A24, 3000 
Rockville Pike, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 
MD 20892 USA; phone (301) 496-4000; National Institute 
of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Building 31, 
Room B1-CO2 (same street address as NCI); phone (301) 
496-0563

========================================================
The Pesticide Action Network North America Updates Service 
(PANUPS) is a pesticide-related news service from the Pesticide Action 
Network (PAN) North American Regional Center.  PANUPS is posted 
weekly on EcoNet, the APC computer network, RTK NET, 
GeoNet/GEO2, the ECONET echo on FidoNet, the Sustainable 
Agriculture Network (SANET) on BitNet, and on PENpages. It is 
available free by electronic distribution.  Hard-copy complimentations 
are also available. For info: PAN NA RC, 965 Mission Street #514, San 
Francisco, CA 94103. Tel: (415) 541-9140. Fax: (415) 541-9253. Telex: 
156283472 PANNA. E-mail address on EcoNet: panna@igc.apc.org
========================================================



From panna@igc.apc.org Mon Mar 15 19:16:44 1993
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From: Pesticide Action Network North America Reg Ctr <panna@igc.apc.org>
Message-Id: <9303152253.AA17509@igc.apc.org>
To: sanet-mg@oes.orst.edu
Subject: PANUPS: Farmworkers Health Study
Status: RO
X-Status: 

========================================================
PESTICIDE ACTION NETWORK NORTH AMERICA UPDATES SERVICE
========================================================

U.S. BEGINS LONG-TERM STUDY OF FARM FAMILY HEALTH

March 12, 1993

        Three national agencies are launching a project to
monitor the health of farmers, farmworkers, and their
families, in what will be the largest agriculture-related
health study ever undertaken in the U.S. The
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Cancer
Institute (NCI), and the National Institute of
Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) will collaborate
on this project, which will last ten years, or longer if
funding is available.
        NCI comments that farmers are chronically exposed
to "potentially harmful compounds such as pesticides. . .
chemical solvents, engine exhausts, animal viruses,
sunlight, and other substances common to agriculture."
The new project should provide important data on the
health effects of these exposures over time.
        The project is a prospective epidemiological study
(one in which an identified group, or cohort, is studied
over a specified period of time) that will follow two
cohorts of farm families: one in Iowa, and one in North
Carolina. The project will include up to 100,000 people,
including male and female farmers, farmers' spouses,
agricultural pesticide applicators, and their children.
        Prior studies have shown that U.S. farmers have
higher-than-normal rates of several types of cancer,
including lymphoma and sarcoma, multiple myeloma,
certain leukemias, and cancers of the brain, prostate,
skin, and lip. In some cases, specific agents have been
linked with these cancers -- for example,
epidemiological studies have linked exposure to phenoxy
herbicides, and 2,4-D in particular, with significantly
enhanced rates of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in farmers.
        Until now, few studies of farmer health in the U.S.
have assessed or compared the health status of various
ethnic groups. NIEHS, which is involved primarily in the
assessment of non-cancer health outcomes of farming in
this study, notes that the Iowa cohort is expected to be
overwhelmingly white, but that the North Carolina cohort
is expected to include a substantial number of people of
Native American and African American descent, among
both farmers and farmworkers.
        Past studies of farm health by NCI and other health
monitoring agencies have generally been case-control
studies, in which a selected group of "cases" of those
manifesting a particular condition are compared with
"controls," a selected group of those who do not have the
condition under study. In launching a prospective study
that will examine the cumulative health status of the
farm cohorts over many years, investigators will be able
to study many types of cancer and non-cancer health
events in a consistent population. Another advantage of a
prospective study such as this is that it will gather
information on health events and exposures as they
occur. This eliminates some of the problems associated
with retrospective health surveys that rely heavily on
recall of past events.
        In addition to ongoing medical care and assessment
of medical records, some participants in the study will
be selected for ongoing physiological and/or
neurobehavioral monitoring. This will include blood,
urine, or body tissue testing, as well as
neuropsychological tests of memory, perception, and
motor ability. Neurotoxicity is among the most
significant concerns of the non-cancer portion of this
study, as it has been estimated by EPA and the Office of
Technology Assessment (OTA) that between 25% and 50%
of pesticide active ingredients are known or suspected
human neurotoxins. Reproductive toxicity will also be an
important focus -- NIEHS reports that detailed analysis
will be given to male and female reproductive system
health, to fertility and pregnancy outcomes, and to
developmental assessment of the children of farmers and
applicators.

Sources:  RThree Agencies to Cooperate in Agricultural
Health Study,S National Cancer Institute, January 25,
1993; EPA Press Advisory, January 25, 1993;
RNCI/EPA/NIEHS Agricultural Heath Study,S NIEHS,
undated.

Contacts: Office of Cancer Communication, National
Cancer Institute (NCI), Building 31, Room 10A24, 3000
Rockville Pike, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda,
MD 20892 USA; phone (301) 496-4000; National Institute
of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Building 31,
Room B1-CO2 (same street address as NCI); phone (301)
496-0563

========================================================
The Pesticide Action Network North America Updates Service
(PANUPS) is a pesticide-related news service from the Pesticide Action
Network (PAN) North American Regional Center.  PANUPS is posted
weekly on EcoNet, the APC computer network, RTK NET,
GeoNet/GEO2, the ECONET echo on FidoNet, the Sustainable
Agriculture Network (SANET) on BitNet, and on PENpages. It is
available free by electronic distribution.  Hard-copy complimentations
are also available. For info: PAN NA RC, 965 Mission Street #514, San
Francisco, CA 94103. Tel: (415) 541-9140. Fax: (415) 541-9253. Telex:
156283472 PANNA. E-mail address on EcoNet: panna@igc.apc.org
========================================================

From panna@igc.apc.org Thu Mar 18 23:22:04 1993
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From: Pesticide Action Network North America Reg Ctr <panna@igc.apc.org>
Date: 18 Mar 93 12:44 PST
Subject: PANUPS: EPA MeBr Phase out
To: Recipients of conference "panna.panups" <panna.panups@conf.igc.apc.org>
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=======================================================P
PESTICIDE ACTION NETWORK NORTH AMERICA UPDATES 
SERVICE
=======================================================
U.S. Methyl Bromide Phaseout

March 18, 1993

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has 
proposed adding the highly toxic and widely used 
pesticide methyl bromide to the list of Class 1 ozone 
depleting substances under the U.S. Clean Air Act (CAA), 
and published its methyl bromide phase out proposal in 
todayUs Federal Register.  The CAA requires all 
substances with an ozone depleting potential (ODP) 
greater than .2 to be listed as Class 1 ozone depleting 
chemicals, with production and importation phased out 
by the year 2000.  Methyl bromide was assigned an ODP 
of .7 in November, 1992 at a meeting of the 81 
signatory countries to the United Nations Montreal 
Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, 
triggering EPAUs action today.  

Key elements of the EPA methyl bromide phase out 
proposal:

- Freeze U.S. methyl bromide production and import in 
1994 at 1991 levels.

- Allow 100% of registered uses (at 1991 levels) until 
December 31, 1991, then implement a 100% phase out.

- Permit no exemptions for designated "essential uses" 
after phase out.
 
In addition, since 1989, Congress has levied an excise 
tax on Class 1 ozone depleting substances prior to their 
phase out.  A per-pound tax on methyl bromide will 
likely be included in the 1993 Omnibus Budget 
Reconciliation Act as part of the Congressional budget.  
The proposed tax on methyl bromide would begin at 
US$2.35 per pound in 1993, and increase annually to 
US$5.00 per pound in 1999 (the last year use of methyl 
bromide use will be allowed), based on the schedule by 
which other Class 1 compounds are taxed.   

With the publication of its proposal today, EPA begins a 
45-day period during which it will accept written 
comments on the proposed methyl bromide phase out.  
The Agency has also scheduled a public hearing on the 
methyl bromide phase out proposal on April 2, 1993.  
This hearing will take place from 8 am to 12 noon in 
the Educational Auditorium at EPA Headquarters, 
located at 401 M St. SW in Washington, DC.  

What You Can Do:

For a copy of the Federal Register notice announcing 
EPAUs methyl bromide proposal, and information 
regarding the public hearing on April 2, call the EPA 
Stratospheric Ozone Hotline at 1-800-296-1996.

Send comments on the methyl bromide phase out 
proposal to: Air Docket No. A-92-13, EPA, 401 M Street 
SW, Washington, DC 20460 USA.  Comments should be 
postmarked no later than May 3, 1993.  


Sources:  EPA Methyl Bromide Update, March 18, 1993; 
Bill Thomas/EPA Presentation, Ecofarm Conference, 
Assilomar, California, January 22, 1993; Global 
Pesticide Campaigner August 1992.

Contacts: About methyl bromide and the Pesticide 
Action Network methyl bromide campaign, contact PAN 
North America Regional Center. 

About the EPA proposal, contact Bill Thomas, US EPA 
Office of Atmospheric Programs, 401 M Street SW, Mail 
Code 6205J, Washington DC,  20460, USA.  Tel. (202) 
233-9179, Fax (202) 233-9577.

========================================================
The Pesticide Action Network North America Updates Service 
(PANUPS) is a pesticide-related news service from the Pesticide Action 
Network (PAN) North American Regional Center.  PANUPS is posted 
weekly on EcoNet, the APC computer network, RTK NET, 
GeoNet/GEO2, the ECONET echo on FidoNet, the Sustainable 
Agriculture Network (SANET) on BitNet, and on PENpages. It is 
available free by electronic distribution.  Hard-copy complimentations 
are also available. For info: PAN NA RC, 965 Mission Street #514, San 
Francisco, CA 94103. Tel: (415) 541-9140. Fax: (415) 541-9253. Telex: 
156283472 PANNA. E-mail address on EcoNet: panna@igc.apc.org
========================================================


From panna@igc.apc.org Mon Mar 22 23:41:33 1993
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From: Pesticide Action Network North America Reg Ctr <panna@igc.apc.org>
Date: 22 Mar 93 12:40 PST
Subject: PANUPS: Caltrans use reduction
To: Recipients of conference "panna.panups" <panna.panups@conf.igc.apc.org>
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========================================================
PESTICIDE ACTION NETWORK NORTH AMERICA UPDATES SERVICE
========================================================

Caltrans Herbicide Use Reduction Program

March 22, 1993

The California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) recently 
adopted an integrated vegetation management (IVM) program for 
vegetation control.  Caltrans is the single largest user of herbicides in 
California, using over 800,000 pounds and 400,000 gallons in fiscal year 
1990-1991 (this translates to 59 pounds and 29 gallons per mile of state 
road).  Following a 1989 out-of-court settlement of a citizen lawsuit to 
end herbicide spraying in one of CaltransU management districts and 
years of citizensU protests, the agency reviewed its roadside vegetation 
management practices through an independently prepared 
environmental impact report (EIR).  Caltrans developed its IVM 
program in response to the findings of the EIR.

The IVM program is based on integrated pest management principles 
and has twin goals: reducing chemical use and reducing the need for 
vegetation control.  Caltrans has set explicit herbicide use reduction 
targets, with stated goals of a 50% reduction by the year 2000, and an 
80% reduction by the year 2012.  Initial reductions in herbicide use are 
expected from decreasing the total area under vegetation control and 
substitution of other control methods, including mechanical, manual, 
thermal, cultural, and biological controls.  More substantial reductions 
are anticipated as Caltrans reduces the need for vegetation control by 
adopting new highway system design standards and establishing lower-
growing, less fire-prone species of vegetation.    

Each of CaltransU twelve districts is responsible for the preparation of an 
annual vegetation control plan based on the IVM program.   
Implementation guidelines will be drawn up by an agency-wide 
Roadside Vegetation Management Committee (RVMC).  The EIR 
suggested that these guidelines include: opportunity for potentially 
affected citizens to influence the annual plans; availability to the public 
at all times of each districtUs vegetation control plan; notification to the 
public on request of the locations and approximate schedule of planned 
vegetation control operations; and an appeal process to the chief of the 
division of maintenance for decisions made in the districtsU annual 
vegetation control plans.  A 10-member Pesticide Advisory Committee 
is being established to advise the RVMC.  At present, public 
membership on the committee is limited to one public interest group 
representative, although citizensU groups monitoring the program are 
pushing for more adequate representation.

The districtsU annual plans will establish Rspecial treatmentS zones.  
Herbicide use will be modified or prohibited in these designated 
environmentally or politically sensitive zones, which include:  
roadside rest areas; locations where homeless persons are inhabiting 
rights-of-way; roadsides where children walk to school; bus stops; 
campgrounds, parks and playgrounds; water-contact recreation areas; 
and hospitals (including convalescent and nursing homes).  Several 
citizensU groups are providing input to Caltrans regional maintenance 
staff to aid in the identification of sensitive zones.  

What you can do:  California residents interested in identifying 
sensitive areas  (including roadside adjacent to their property), 
requesting more public interest membership on the Pesticide Advisory 
Committee, or other involvement in local vegetation control planning 
should contact Alexander Kajani or Joanie Clayburgh at Pesticide 
Watch for more information.  Pesticide Watch is located at 116 New 
Montgomery Street, Suite 530, San Francisco, CA 94105;  phone  (415) 
543-2627; fax  (415) 543-1480.

Sources:  Draft and Final Environmental Impact Report on CaltransU 
Vegetation Control Program, Jones and Stokes Associates, Sacramento, 
CA.  July, 1991; available from California Department of 
Transportation, Division of Maintenance, P.O. Box 942874, Sacramento, 
CA 94274-0001; phone (916) 654-2926; fax (916) 653-3291.  Pesticide Watch 
memo, February 10, 1993.

========================================================
The Pesticide Action Network North America Updates Service 
(PANUPS) is a pesticide-related news service from the Pesticide Action 
Network (PAN) North American Regional Center.  PANUPS is posted 
weekly on EcoNet, the APC computer network, RTK NET, 
GeoNet/GEO2, the ECONET echo on FidoNet, the Sustainable 
Agriculture Network (SANET) on BitNet, and on PENpages. It is 
available free by electronic distribution.  Hard-copy complimentations 
are also available. For info: PAN NA RC, 965 Mission Street #514, San 
Francisco, CA 94103. Tel: (415) 541-9140. Fax: (415) 541-9253. Telex: 
156283472 PANNA. E-mail address on EcoNet: panna@igc.apc.org
========================================================


From panna@igc.apc.org Mon Mar 29 15:48:03 1993
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From: Pesticide Action Network North America Reg Ctr <panna@igc.apc.org>
Date: 29 Mar 93 09:40 PST
Subject: PANUPS CORRECTION
To: Recipients of conference "panna.panups" <panna.panups@conf.igc.apc.org>
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=======================================================================
  PESTICIDE ACTION NETWORK NORTH AMERICA UPDATES SERVICE
=======================================================================
CORRRECTION TO MARCH 18, 1993 PANUPS
U.S. Methyl Bromide Phaseout

March 26, 1993

	There was a serious error in the PANUPS posted on March 18, 1993.  
The update states that one of the key elements of the US EPA's methyl 
bromide phase out is to "Allow 100% of registered uses (at 1991 levels) until 
December 31, 1991...".  This date is wrong.  It should read "until December 31,
1999".  
	We apologize for this typing error.  
=======================================================================
The Pesticide Action Network North America Updates Service (PANUPS) is a 
pesticide-related news service from the Pesticide Action Network (PAN) 
North American Regional Center.  PANUPS is posted weekly on EcoNet, the 
APC computer network, RTK NET, GeoNet/GEO2, the ECONET echo on 
FidoNet, the Sustainable Agriculture Network (SANET) on BitNet, and on 
PENpages. It is available free by electronic distribution.  Hard-copy 
complimentations are also available. For info: PAN NA RC, 965 Mission 
Street #514, San Francisco, CA 94103. Tel: (415) 541-9140. Fax: (415) 541-9253.
Telex: 156283472 PANNA. E-mail address on EcoNet: panna@igc.apc.org
=======================================================================


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From: Pesticide Action Network North America Reg Ctr <panna@igc.apc.org>
Date: 29 Mar 93 09:40 PST
Subject: PANUPS CORRECTION
To: Recipients of conference "panna.panups" <panna.panups@conf.igc.apc.org>
Message-Id: <1803300007%igc.apc.org@igc.apc.org>
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=======================================================================
  PESTICIDE ACTION NETWORK NORTH AMERICA UPDATES SERVICE
=======================================================================
CORRRECTION TO MARCH 18, 1993 PANUPS
U.S. Methyl Bromide Phaseout

March 26, 1993

	There was a serious error in the PANUPS posted on March 18, 1993.  
The update states that one of the key elements of the US EPA's methyl 
bromide phase out is to "Allow 100% of registered uses (at 1991 levels) until 
December 31, 1991...".  This date is wrong.  It should read "until December 31,
1999".  
	We apologize for this typing error.  
=======================================================================
The Pesticide Action Network North America Updates Service (PANUPS) is a 
pesticide-related news service from the Pesticide Action Network (PAN) 
North American Regional Center.  PANUPS is posted weekly on EcoNet, the 
APC computer network, RTK NET, GeoNet/GEO2, the ECONET echo on 
FidoNet, the Sustainable Agriculture Network (SANET) on BitNet, and on 
PENpages. It is available free by electronic distribution.  Hard-copy 
complimentations are also available. For info: PAN NA RC, 965 Mission 
Street #514, San Francisco, CA 94103. Tel: (415) 541-9140. Fax: (415) 541-9253.
Telex: 156283472 PANNA. E-mail address on EcoNet: panna@igc.apc.org
=======================================================================


From panna@igc.apc.org Tue Mar 30 21:10:29 1993
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From: Pesticide Action Network North America Reg Ctr <panna@igc.apc.org>
Date: 30 Mar 93 17:03 PST
Subject: PANUPS: EPA list available
To: Recipients of conference "panna.panups" <panna.panups@conf.igc.apc.org>
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===========================================================================
PESTICIDE ACTION NETWORK NORTH AMERICA UPDATES SERVICE
===========================================================================
LISTAVAILABLE OF FOOD USE PESTICIDES CURRENTLY 
CLASSIFIED BY EPA AS POTENTIAL CARCINOGENS

March 30, 1993

	A list 73 food use pesticides which are classified by the EPA as 
possible human carcinogens is now available through PAN North 
America by electronic mail.  This list gives the Pesticide Active 
Ingredient, the EPA Cancer Classification and Sources of EPA 
Classification.  
	If you would like to receive a copy ot this list send a note 
expressing your interest to panna@igc.apc.org.   
===========================================================================
The Pesticide Action Network North America Updates Service 
(PANUPS) is a pesticide-related news service from the Pesticide Action 
Network (PAN) North American Regional Center.  PANUPS is posted 
weekly on EcoNet, the APC computer network, RTK NET, 
GeoNet/GEO2, the ECONET echo on FidoNet, the Sustainable 
Agriculture Network (SANET) on BitNet, and on PENpages. It is 
available free by electronic distribution.  Hard-copy complimentations 
are also available. For info: PAN NA RC, 965 Mission Street #514, San 
Francisco, CA 94103. Tel: (415) 541-9140. Fax: (415) 541-9253. Telex: 
156283472 PANNA. E-mail address on EcoNet: panna@igc.apc.org
===========================================================================


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From: Pesticide Action Network North America Reg Ctr <panna@igc.apc.org>
Date: 30 Mar 93 17:03 PST
Subject: PANUPS: EPA list available
To: Recipients of conference "panna.panups" <panna.panups@conf.igc.apc.org>
Message-Id: <1803300008%igc.apc.org@igc.apc.org>
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X-Status: 


===========================================================================
PESTICIDE ACTION NETWORK NORTH AMERICA UPDATES SERVICE
===========================================================================
LISTAVAILABLE OF FOOD USE PESTICIDES CURRENTLY 
CLASSIFIED BY EPA AS POTENTIAL CARCINOGENS

March 30, 1993

	A list 73 food use pesticides which are classified by the EPA as 
possible human carcinogens is now available through PAN North 
America by electronic mail.  This list gives the Pesticide Active 
Ingredient, the EPA Cancer Classification and Sources of EPA 
Classification.  
	If you would like to receive a copy ot this list send a note 
expressing your interest to panna@igc.apc.org.   
===========================================================================
The Pesticide Action Network North America Updates Service 
(PANUPS) is a pesticide-related news service from the Pesticide Action 
Network (PAN) North American Regional Center.  PANUPS is posted 
weekly on EcoNet, the APC computer network, RTK NET, 
GeoNet/GEO2, the ECONET echo on FidoNet, the Sustainable 
Agriculture Network (SANET) on BitNet, and on PENpages. It is 
available free by electronic distribution.  Hard-copy complimentations 
are also available. For info: PAN NA RC, 965 Mission Street #514, San 
Francisco, CA 94103. Tel: (415) 541-9140. Fax: (415) 541-9253. Telex: 
156283472 PANNA. E-mail address on EcoNet: panna@igc.apc.org
===========================================================================


From panna@igc.apc.org Thu Apr  1 21:29:30 1993
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Reply-To: Conference "panna.panups" <panna.panups@conf.igc.apc.org>
From: Pesticide Action Network North America Reg Ctr <panna@igc.apc.org>
Date: 01 Apr 93 11:13 PST
Subject: PANUPS: EPA Food Use Pesticides
To: Recipients of conference "panna.panups" <panna.panups@conf.igc.apc.org>
Message-Id: <1803300009%igc.apc.org@igc.apc.org>
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=============================================================
     PESTICIDE ACTION NETWORK NORTH AMERICA UPDATES SERVICE
=============================================================
FOOD USE PESTICIDES CURRENTLY CLASSIFIED BY EPA AS 
POTENTIAL CARCINOGES

April 1, 1993

Attached is an update to the March 3, 1993 memo on food 
use pesticides currently classified by EPA as potential 
carcinogens. This latest update reflects the addition of 
three more chemicals (dicamba, dimethoate and propargite) 
for a total of 73 different pesticides.  Certain uses of 
these chemicals have been identified by EPA as possibly 
being affected by the recent Ninth Circuit Court of 
Appeals decision (Les v. Reilly).

We had intended to send this list to those who requested 
it and not post it as a regular PANUPS. However, so 
many people requested a copy that we decided it would be 
worth a general posting. Thank you for your interest! 

                              *      *     *

FOOD USE PESTICIDES WITH EVIDENCE OF CARCINOGENICITY

(Human Carcinogen is abbreviated HC)

Pesticide Active       EPA Cancer         Sources
Ingredient             Classification*    of EPA 
Classif.**

1,3-dichloropropene    Possible HC        (B2) I, II, III
(Telone II)

acephate               Possible HC (C)    I, II, III, IV

acifluorfen            Probable HC (B2)   I, II, III
(sodium acifluorfen)

alachlor               Probable HC (B2)   I, II, III, IV

Aliette (fosetyl-al)   Possible HC (C)    I, II, III

Amdro                  Possible HC (C)    I, II, III

amitraz                Possible HC (C)    I, II, III

Apollo (clofentezine)  Possible HC (C)    I, II, III

arsenic acid           Human carcinogen(A)   I III
(ortho- arsenic acid)

asulam                 Possible HC (C)    I, II, III, IV

atrazine               Possible HC (C)    I, II, III. IV

benomyl                Possible HC (C)    I, II, III, IV

bifenthrin             Possible HC (C)    I, II, III

bromoxynil             Possible HC (C)    I, II, III

captan                 Probable HC (B2)   I, II, III, IV

chlorbenzilate         Probable HC (B)    I

(Chlorbenzilate has been cancelled; EPA has stated its 
intention to revoke tolerances.)

chlorothalonil         Probable HC (B2)   I, II, III, IV

cyanazine              Possible HC (C)       II

cypermethrin           Possible HC (C)    I, II, III, 
                                                         
dicamba                                               IV

(Dicamba has not been referenced as a corcinogen 
according to available sources. However, it has been 
included on a list of pesticides that may possible be 
affected by the recent Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals 
decision (Les v. Reilly)

dichlobenil            Possible HC (C)    I, II, III

dichlorvos (DDVP)      Possible HC (C)    I, II, III, IV

diclofop-methyl        Possible HC (C)    I, II, III
(Hoelon)

dicofol                Possible HC (C)    I, II, III, IV

dimethipin (Harvade)   Possible HC (C)    I, II, III

dimethoate             Possible HC (C)       II       IV

ethylene oxide         Probable HC (B1)   I      III, IV

Express                Possible HC (C)    I, II, III
(tribenuronmethyl)
             
folpet                 Probable HC (B2)   I, II, III

fomesafen              Possible HC (C)    I, II, III

hexazinone             Possible HC (C)       II       IV

lactofen               Probable HC (B2)   I, II, III

lindane                Probable HC/       I, II, III, IV
                       Possible HC (B2/C)

linuron                Possible HC (C)    I, II, III, IV

mancozeb***            Probable HC (B2)   I, II, III, IV
(EBDC)          

maneb***               Probable HC (B2)   I, II, III, IV
(EBDC)             

methidathion           Possible HC (C)    I, II, III, IV

methomyl***            Possible HC (C)    I, II, III, IV
                 

metiram***             Probable HC (B2)   I, II, III, IV
(EBDC)           

metolachlor            Possible HC (C)    I, II, III, IV

norflurazon            Possible HC (C)    I, II, III, IV

oryzalin               Possible HC (C)    I, II, III

oxadiazon              Possible HC (C)    I, II, III

oxadixyl               Possible HC (C)       II, III

(Oxadixyl is a proposed new chemical.)

oxyflurofen            Possible HC (C)    I, II, III, IV

o-phenylphenol         Probable HC (B2)   I, II, III

PCNB (Quintozene)      Probable HC (B2)      II, III, IV 

(Classification due to contaminant HCB.)

para-dichlorobenzene   Possible HC (C)    I, II, III

parathion (ethyl)      Possible HC (C)    I, II, III

permethrin             Possible HC (C)    I, II, III, IV

phosmet (Imidan)       Possible HC (C)    I, II, III, IV

phosphamidon           Possible HC (C)    I, II, III

(Registrant requested voluntary cancellation of all 
remaining uses in 1990.)

procymidone            Probable HC (B2)   I, II, III

propargite             Probable HC (B2)      II       IV

pronamide (Kerb)       Possible HC (C)    I, II, III

propiconazole (Tilt)   Possible HC (C)    I, II, III

propoxur (Baygon)      Probable HC (B2)   I, II, III

quinclorac (Facet)     Possible HC (C)       II

Savey(hexathiazox)     Possible HC (C)    I, II, III

(Temporary tolerances for Savey have expired.)

simazine               Possible HC (C)    I, II, III, IV

terbutryn              Possible HC (C)    I, II, III

terrazole              Probable HC (B2)   I, II, III
(etridiazole)

tetrachlorvinphos      Possible HC (C)    I, II, III
(Gardona)

thiodicarb***          Possible HC (C)    I, II, III

thiophanate methyl***  Possible HC (C)    I      III, IV

toxaphene              Probable HC (B2)   I      III

(All toxaphene products were cancelled in 1982; however, 
an existing stocks provision allows for use of toxaphene 
for emergency treatment of cotton, corn, and small grains 
under FIFRA Section 18.)

TPTH                   Probable HC (B2)   I, II, III
(triphenyltin hydroxide)

tridimeform (Bayleton) Possible HC (C)    I, II, III, IV

tridimenol (Baytan)    Possible HC (C)    I, II, III

tribufos (DEF)         Possible HC (C)    I, II, III

tridiphane (Tandem)    Possible HC (C)    I, II, III

trifluralin (Treflan)  Possible HC (C)    I, II, III, IV

zineb (EBDC)           Probable HC (B2)     I, II

(All zineb uses were suspended in 1988 and have been 
proposed for cancellation; tolerances are still in 
effect.)

---------------------------------------------------------

*Classification, in accordance with EPA's Cancer 
Assessment Guidelines, of those chemicals for which a 
weight-of-the-evidence determination has been made.

Group A - Human Carcinogen (sufficient evidence of cancer 
causality from human epidemiologic studies) Group B - 
Probable Human Carcinogen - B1 (limited evidence of 
carcinogenicity from human epidemiologic studies); B2 
(sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from animal 
studies) Group C - Possible Human Carcinogen (limited 
evidence of carcinogenicity in animals in the absence of 
human data)

**Sources: 

I - Discovery documents from People of the State of 
California v. Reilly, Table 1 (Revised), June 24, 1991. 

II - "List of Chemicals Evaluated for Carcinogenic 
Potential," Memorandum from Reto Engler, Senior Science 
Advisor, Health Effects Division, Office of Pesticide 
Programs, to Health Effects Division Branch Chiefs, 
United States Environmental Protection Agency, February 
27, 1991.

III - "Environmental Protection Agency List of Food Use 
Pesticides Evaluated for Carcinogenicity, Compiled as of 
June 1991," Chemical Regulation Reporter, August 28, 
1992.

IV - National Agricultural Chemicals Association v. 
Kathleen E. Les et al., Supplement to Brief of the 
Private Party Respondents in Opposition, before the 
Supreme Court of the United States, October Term, 1992, 
"List I and II: Pesticide Uses Potentially Affected by 
Revocation of All Section 409 and Corresponding Section 
409 Tolerances."

***Included due to potentially oncogenic metabolite or 
contaminant.


Last updated
March 17, 1993
=============================================================
The Pesticide Action Network North America Updates Service 
(PANUPS) is a pesticide-related news service from the 
Pesticide Action Network (PAN) North American Regional 
Center.  PANUPS is posted weekly on EcoNet, the APC computer 
network, RTK NET, GeoNet/GEO2, the ECONET echo on FidoNet, 
the Sustainable Agriculture Network (SANET) on BitNet, and on 
PENpages. It is available free by electronic distribution.  
Hard-copy compilations are also available. For info: PAN NA 
RC, 965 Mission Street #514, San Francisco, CA 94103. Tel: 
(415) 541-9140. Fax: (415) 541-9253. Telex: 156283472 PANNA. 
E-mail address on EcoNet: panna@igc.apc.org
=============================================================


From panna@igc.apc.org Thu Apr  1 21:30:57 1993
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Reply-To: Conference "panna.panups" <panna.panups@conf.igc.apc.org>
From: Pesticide Action Network North America Reg Ctr <panna@igc.apc.org>
Date: 01 Apr 93 11:13 PST
Subject: PANUPS: EPA Food Use Pesticides
To: Recipients of conference "panna.panups" <panna.panups@conf.igc.apc.org>
Message-Id: <1803300009%igc.apc.org@igc.apc.org>
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Status: RO
X-Status: 


=============================================================
     PESTICIDE ACTION NETWORK NORTH AMERICA UPDATES SERVICE
=============================================================
FOOD USE PESTICIDES CURRENTLY CLASSIFIED BY EPA AS 
POTENTIAL CARCINOGES

April 1, 1993

Attached is an update to the March 3, 1993 memo on food 
use pesticides currently classified by EPA as potential 
carcinogens. This latest update reflects the addition of 
three more chemicals (dicamba, dimethoate and propargite) 
for a total of 73 different pesticides.  Certain uses of 
these chemicals have been identified by EPA as possibly 
being affected by the recent Ninth Circuit Court of 
Appeals decision (Les v. Reilly).

We had intended to send this list to those who requested 
it and not post it as a regular PANUPS. However, so 
many people requested a copy that we decided it would be 
worth a general posting. Thank you for your interest! 

                              *      *     *

FOOD USE PESTICIDES WITH EVIDENCE OF CARCINOGENICITY

(Human Carcinogen is abbreviated HC)

Pesticide Active       EPA Cancer         Sources
Ingredient             Classification*    of EPA 
Classif.**

1,3-dichloropropene    Possible HC        (B2) I, II, III
(Telone II)

acephate               Possible HC (C)    I, II, III, IV

acifluorfen            Probable HC (B2)   I, II, III
(sodium acifluorfen)

alachlor               Probable HC (B2)   I, II, III, IV

Aliette (fosetyl-al)   Possible HC (C)    I, II, III

Amdro                  Possible HC (C)    I, II, III

amitraz                Possible HC (C)    I, II, III

Apollo (clofentezine)  Possible HC (C)    I, II, III

arsenic acid           Human carcinogen(A)   I III
(ortho- arsenic acid)

asulam                 Possible HC (C)    I, II, III, IV

atrazine               Possible HC (C)    I, II, III. IV

benomyl                Possible HC (C)    I, II, III, IV

bifenthrin             Possible HC (C)    I, II, III

bromoxynil             Possible HC (C)    I, II, III

captan                 Probable HC (B2)   I, II, III, IV

chlorbenzilate         Probable HC (B)    I

(Chlorbenzilate has been cancelled; EPA has stated its 
intention to revoke tolerances.)

chlorothalonil         Probable HC (B2)   I, II, III, IV

cyanazine              Possible HC (C)       II

cypermethrin           Possible HC (C)    I, II, III, 
                                                         
dicamba                                               IV

(Dicamba has not been referenced as a corcinogen 
according to available sources. However, it has been 
included on a list of pesticides that may possible be 
affected by the recent Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals 
decision (Les v. Reilly)

dichlobenil            Possible HC (C)    I, II, III

dichlorvos (DDVP)      Possible HC (C)    I, II, III, IV

diclofop-methyl        Possible HC (C)    I, II, III
(Hoelon)

dicofol                Possible HC (C)    I, II, III, IV

dimethipin (Harvade)   Possible HC (C)    I, II, III

dimethoate             Possible HC (C)       II       IV

ethylene oxide         Probable HC (B1)   I      III, IV

Express                Possible HC (C)    I, II, III
(tribenuronmethyl)
             
folpet                 Probable HC (B2)   I, II, III

fomesafen              Possible HC (C)    I, II, III

hexazinone             Possible HC (C)       II       IV

lactofen               Probable HC (B2)   I, II, III

lindane                Probable HC/       I, II, III, IV
                       Possible HC (B2/C)

linuron                Possible HC (C)    I, II, III, IV

mancozeb***            Probable HC (B2)   I, II, III, IV
(EBDC)          

maneb***               Probable HC (B2)   I, II, III, IV
(EBDC)             

methidathion           Possible HC (C)    I, II, III, IV

methomyl***            Possible HC (C)    I, II, III, IV
                 

metiram***             Probable HC (B2)   I, II, III, IV
(EBDC)           

metolachlor            Possible HC (C)    I, II, III, IV

norflurazon            Possible HC (C)    I, II, III, IV

oryzalin               Possible HC (C)    I, II, III

oxadiazon              Possible HC (C)    I, II, III

oxadixyl               Possible HC (C)       II, III

(Oxadixyl is a proposed new chemical.)

oxyflurofen            Possible HC (C)    I, II, III, IV

o-phenylphenol         Probable HC (B2)   I, II, III

PCNB (Quintozene)      Probable HC (B2)      II, III, IV 

(Classification due to contaminant HCB.)

para-dichlorobenzene   Possible HC (C)    I, II, III

parathion (ethyl)      Possible HC (C)    I, II, III

permethrin             Possible HC (C)    I, II, III, IV

phosmet (Imidan)       Possible HC (C)    I, II, III, IV

phosphamidon           Possible HC (C)    I, II, III

(Registrant requested voluntary cancellation of all 
remaining uses in 1990.)

procymidone            Probable HC (B2)   I, II, III

propargite             Probable HC (B2)      II       IV

pronamide (Kerb)       Possible HC (C)    I, II, III

propiconazole (Tilt)   Possible HC (C)    I, II, III

propoxur (Baygon)      Probable HC (B2)   I, II, III

quinclorac (Facet)     Possible HC (C)       II

Savey(hexathiazox)     Possible HC (C)    I, II, III

(Temporary tolerances for Savey have expired.)

simazine               Possible HC (C)    I, II, III, IV

terbutryn              Possible HC (C)    I, II, III

terrazole              Probable HC (B2)   I, II, III
(etridiazole)

tetrachlorvinphos      Possible HC (C)    I, II, III
(Gardona)

thiodicarb***          Possible HC (C)    I, II, III

thiophanate methyl***  Possible HC (C)    I      III, IV

toxaphene              Probable HC (B2)   I      III

(All toxaphene products were cancelled in 1982; however, 
an existing stocks provision allows for use of toxaphene 
for emergency treatment of cotton, corn, and small grains 
under FIFRA Section 18.)

TPTH                   Probable HC (B2)   I, II, III
(triphenyltin hydroxide)

tridimeform (Bayleton) Possible HC (C)    I, II, III, IV

tridimenol (Baytan)    Possible HC (C)    I, II, III

tribufos (DEF)         Possible HC (C)    I, II, III

tridiphane (Tandem)    Possible HC (C)    I, II, III

trifluralin (Treflan)  Possible HC (C)    I, II, III, IV

zineb (EBDC)           Probable HC (B2)     I, II

(All zineb uses were suspended in 1988 and have been 
proposed for cancellation; tolerances are still in 
effect.)

---------------------------------------------------------

*Classification, in accordance with EPA's Cancer 
Assessment Guidelines, of those chemicals for which a 
weight-of-the-evidence determination has been made.

Group A - Human Carcinogen (sufficient evidence of cancer 
causality from human epidemiologic studies) Group B - 
Probable Human Carcinogen - B1 (limited evidence of 
carcinogenicity from human epidemiologic studies); B2 
(sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from animal 
studies) Group C - Possible Human Carcinogen (limited 
evidence of carcinogenicity in animals in the absence of 
human data)

**Sources: 

I - Discovery documents from People of the State of 
California v. Reilly, Table 1 (Revised), June 24, 1991. 

II - "List of Chemicals Evaluated for Carcinogenic 
Potential," Memorandum from Reto Engler, Senior Science 
Advisor, Health Effects Division, Office of Pesticide 
Programs, to Health Effects Division Branch Chiefs, 
United States Environmental Protection Agency, February 
27, 1991.

III - "Environmental Protection Agency List of Food Use 
Pesticides Evaluated for Carcinogenicity, Compiled as of 
June 1991," Chemical Regulation Reporter, August 28, 
1992.

IV - National Agricultural Chemicals Association v. 
Kathleen E. Les et al., Supplement to Brief of the 
Private Party Respondents in Opposition, before the 
Supreme Court of the United States, October Term, 1992, 
"List I and II: Pesticide Uses Potentially Affected by 
Revocation of All Section 409 and Corresponding Section 
409 Tolerances."

***Included due to potentially oncogenic metabolite or 
contaminant.


Last updated
March 17, 1993
=============================================================
The Pesticide Action Network North America Updates Service 
(PANUPS) is a pesticide-related news service from the 
Pesticide Action Network (PAN) North American Regional 
Center.  PANUPS is posted weekly on EcoNet, the APC computer 
network, RTK NET, GeoNet/GEO2, the ECONET echo on FidoNet, 
the Sustainable Agriculture Network (SANET) on BitNet, and on 
PENpages. It is available free by electronic distribution.  
Hard-copy compilations are also available. For info: PAN NA 
RC, 965 Mission Street #514, San Francisco, CA 94103. Tel: 
(415) 541-9140. Fax: (415) 541-9253. Telex: 156283472 PANNA. 
E-mail address on EcoNet: panna@igc.apc.org
=============================================================


From panna@igc.apc.org Sat Apr  3 09:54:06 1993
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Reply-To: Conference "panna.panups" <panna.panups@conf.igc.apc.org>
From: Pesticide Action Network North America Reg Ctr <panna@igc.apc.org>
Date: 02 Apr 93 16:20 PST
Subject: PANUPS: Italy Campaign
To: Recipients of conference "panna.panups" <panna.panups@conf.igc.apc.org>
Message-Id: <1803300010%igc.apc.org@igc.apc.org>
Sender: Conference to Mail Gateway <conf2mail@igc.apc.org>
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Status: RO
X-Status: 


========================================================
 PESTICIDE ACTION NETWORK NORTH AMERICA UPDATES SERVICE
========================================================
ITALIAN CAMPAIGN TO REDUCE PESTICIDE EXPORTS

April 2, 1993

	Two hundred people met in Bologna, Italy, on 
February 25 to launch a campaign to stop the export of 
pesticides banned in Europe to developing countries.  
The new campaign, Una Terra buona per tutti (a healthy 
earth for everyone), will initially push for legislation 
banning such exports from Italy and will ultimately seek 
EC legislation prohibiting exports from all EC member 
countries.
	In 1989, COSPE (Cooperazione per lo sviluppo dei 
paesi emergenti, a group working with developing 
countries), in collaboration with other NGOs such as 
Lega Ambiente and Greenpeace submitted a plan to the 
Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the EC aimed at 
decreasing the use of pesticides in developing 
countries.  Since both bodies approved the plan in 1992, 
the campaign will work on speeding implementation.  
Other groups supporting the campaign include the World 
Wildlife Fund, Italy, and the COOP (a large food 
distribution cooperative).
	A committee made up of university professors will 
provide technical and scientific support for the 
campaign. The committee will draft a code of practice 
reflecting environmental concerns for NGO agricultural 
cooperation programs in less developed countries. The 
campaign will also seek changes in the Italian Ministry 
of Foreign AffairsU aid policy to reflect the code.
	Campaign organizers also plan to start a pesticide 
residue analysis program on produce of tropical origin 
as well as information and awareness campaigns for 
consumers and students.

Source: Francesco Diomede, COSPE
-Agrow, March 5, 1993.

Contact: Francesco Diomede, COSPE, Viale Vicini 16, 
40122 Bologna, Italy. phone: (39-51) 433 618, fax: (39-
51) 434 894.

========================================================
The Pesticide Action Network North America Updates 
Service (PANUPS) is a pesticide-related news service 
from the Pesticide Action Network (PAN) North American 
Regional Center.  PANUPS is posted weekly on EcoNet, the 
APC computer network, RTK NET, GeoNet/GEO2, the ECONET 
echo on FidoNet, the Sustainable Agriculture Network 
(SANET) on BitNet, and on PENpages. It is available free 
by electronic distribution.  Hard-copy compilations are 
also available. For info: PAN NA RC, 965 Mission Street 
#514, San Francisco, CA 94103. Tel: (415) 541-9140. Fax: 
(415) 541-9253. Telex: 156283472 PANNA. E-mail address 
on EcoNet: panna@igc.apc.org
========================================================


From panna@igc.apc.org Sat Apr  3 09:54:16 1993
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From: Pesticide Action Network North America Reg Ctr <panna@igc.apc.org>
Date: 02 Apr 93 16:20 PST
Subject: PANUPS: Italy Campaign
To: Recipients of conference "panna.panups" <panna.panups@conf.igc.apc.org>
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Status: RO
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========================================================
 PESTICIDE ACTION NETWORK NORTH AMERICA UPDATES SERVICE
========================================================
ITALIAN CAMPAIGN TO REDUCE PESTICIDE EXPORTS

April 2, 1993

	Two hundred people met in Bologna, Italy, on 
February 25 to launch a campaign to stop the export of 
pesticides banned in Europe to developing countries.  
The new campaign, Una Terra buona per tutti (a healthy 
earth for everyone), will initially push for legislation 
banning such exports from Italy and will ultimately seek 
EC legislation prohibiting exports from all EC member 
countries.
	In 1989, COSPE (Cooperazione per lo sviluppo dei 
paesi emergenti, a group working with developing 
countries), in collaboration with other NGOs such as 
Lega Ambiente and Greenpeace submitted a plan to the 
Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the EC aimed at 
decreasing the use of pesticides in developing 
countries.  Since both bodies approved the plan in 1992, 
the campaign will work on speeding implementation.  
Other groups supporting the campaign include the World 
Wildlife Fund, Italy, and the COOP (a large food 
distribution cooperative).
	A committee made up of university professors will 
provide technical and scientific support for the 
campaign. The committee will draft a code of practice 
reflecting environmental concerns for NGO agricultural 
cooperation programs in less developed countries. The 
campaign will also seek changes in the Italian Ministry 
of Foreign AffairsU aid policy to reflect the code.
	Campaign organizers also plan to start a pesticide 
residue analysis program on produce of tropical origin 
as well as information and awareness campaigns for 
consumers and students.

Source: Francesco Diomede, COSPE
-Agrow, March 5, 1993.

Contact: Francesco Diomede, COSPE, Viale Vicini 16, 
40122 Bologna, Italy. phone: (39-51) 433 618, fax: (39-
51) 434 894.

========================================================
The Pesticide Action Network North America Updates 
Service (PANUPS) is a pesticide-related news service 
from the Pesticide Action Network (PAN) North American 
Regional Center.  PANUPS is posted weekly on EcoNet, the 
APC computer network, RTK NET, GeoNet/GEO2, the ECONET 
echo on FidoNet, the Sustainable Agriculture Network 
(SANET) on BitNet, and on PENpages. It is available free 
by electronic distribution.  Hard-copy compilations are 
also available. For info: PAN NA RC, 965 Mission Street 
#514, San Francisco, CA 94103. Tel: (415) 541-9140. Fax: 
(415) 541-9253. Telex: 156283472 PANNA. E-mail address 
on EcoNet: panna@igc.apc.org
========================================================


From panna@igc.apc.org Tue Apr  6 21:17:27 1993
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Reply-To: Conference "panna.panups" <panna.panups@conf.igc.apc.org>
From: Pesticide Action Network North America Reg Ctr <panna@igc.apc.org>
Date: 06 Apr 93 14:01 PDT
Subject: PANUPS: CORRECTION
To: Recipients of conference "panna.panups" <panna.panups@conf.igc.apc.org>
Message-Id: <1803300011%igc.apc.org@igc.apc.org>
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========================================================
 PESTICIDE ACTION NETWORK NORTH AMERICA UPDATES SERVICE
========================================================
CORRECTION TO MARCH 31 PANUPS

April 6, 1993

	The list of 73 Food Use Pesticides Currently 
Classified by EPA as Potential Carcinogens was obtained 
for us by Jennifer Curtis of the Natural Resources 
Defense Council. In the orginal posting we failed to 
give credit to her and the NRDC.
	We apologize for the confusion caused about the 
source of this list. 

========================================================
The Pesticide Action Network North America Updates 
Service (PANUPS) is a pesticide-related news service 
from the Pesticide Action Network (PAN) North American 
Regional Center.  PANUPS is posted weekly on EcoNet, the 
APC computer network, RTK NET, GeoNet/GEO2, the ECONET 
echo on FidoNet, the Sustainable Agriculture Network 
(SANET) on BitNet, and on PENpages. It is available free 
by electronic distribution.  Hard-copy compliations are 
also available. For info: PAN NA RC, 965 Mission Street 
#514, San Francisco, CA 94103. Tel: (415) 541-9140. Fax: 
(415) 541-9253. Telex: 156283472 PANNA. E-mail address 
on EcoNet: panna@igc.apc.org
========================================================


From panna@igc.apc.org Tue Apr  6 21:17:32 1993
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From: Pesticide Action Network North America Reg Ctr <panna@igc.apc.org>
Date: 06 Apr 93 14:01 PDT
Subject: PANUPS: CORRECTION
To: Recipients of conference "panna.panups" <panna.panups@conf.igc.apc.org>
Message-Id: <1803300011%igc.apc.org@igc.apc.org>
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Status: RO
X-Status: 


========================================================
 PESTICIDE ACTION NETWORK NORTH AMERICA UPDATES SERVICE
========================================================
CORRECTION TO MARCH 31 PANUPS

April 6, 1993

	The list of 73 Food Use Pesticides Currently 
Classified by EPA as Potential Carcinogens was obtained 
for us by Jennifer Curtis of the Natural Resources 
Defense Council. In the orginal posting we failed to 
give credit to her and the NRDC.
	We apologize for the confusion caused about the 
source of this list. 

========================================================
The Pesticide Action Network North America Updates 
Service (PANUPS) is a pesticide-related news service 
from the Pesticide Action Network (PAN) North American 
Regional Center.  PANUPS is posted weekly on EcoNet, the 
APC computer network, RTK NET, GeoNet/GEO2, the ECONET 
echo on FidoNet, the Sustainable Agriculture Network 
(SANET) on BitNet, and on PENpages. It is available free 
by electronic distribution.  Hard-copy compliations are 
also available. For info: PAN NA RC, 965 Mission Street 
#514, San Francisco, CA 94103. Tel: (415) 541-9140. Fax: 
(415) 541-9253. Telex: 156283472 PANNA. E-mail address 
on EcoNet: panna@igc.apc.org
========================================================


From panna@igc.apc.org Fri Apr  9 16:32:01 1993
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Reply-To: Conference "panna.panups" <panna.panups@conf.igc.apc.org>
From: Pesticide Action Network North America Reg Ctr <panna@igc.apc.org>
Date: 09 Apr 93 10:41 PDT
Subject: PANUPS: California Ground Water
To: Recipients of conference "panna.panups" <panna.panups@conf.igc.apc.org>
Message-Id: <1803300012%igc.apc.org@igc.apc.org>
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/* Written 10:24 am  Apr  9, 1993 by panna@igc.apc.org in igc:test */
/* ---------- "PANUPS: Californial Ground Water" ---------- */
=============================================================
  PESTICIDE ACTION NETWORK NORTH AMERICA UPDATES SERVICE
=============================================================
CALIFORNIA GROUNDWATER REPORT RELEASED

April 9, 1993

	In March, the California Department of Pesticide 
Regulation (DPR) released its seventh annual report on the 
results of groundwater testing for pesticides. The report 
summarizes testing conducted by 35 government agencies and 
three private firms from 1971 through 1992, and includes 
cumulative totals of test results reported to DPR since 
1983. 
	The results are based on 260,693 reported analyses 
taken from 17,713 different wells. Of these, 12,459 tests 
were positive; 4,615 were confirmed by subsequent analyses 
(confirmation was not always possible).
	Testing was done for 273 pesticides and related 
breakdown products and metabolites. Sixty-eight pesticides 
were reported detected, and 35 were confirmed by subsequent 
analyses.Twelve of these 35 were determined to 
be in groundwater as a result of routine agricultural use. 
They were aldicarb sulfone and aldicarb sulfoxide (breakdown 
products of aldicarb), atrazine, bentazon, bromacil, 1,2-D, 
DBCP, diuron, EDB, prometon, simazine, and TPA (a breakdown 
product of chlorthal dimethyl). Of these DBCP, 1,2-D and EDB 
are no longer registered. Simazine was detected most frequently, 
followed by diuron, atrazine, bromacil, and bentazon.
	DPR is required to investigate all reported detections 
of pesticides registered for agricultural or outdoor use. 
Use of pesticides found in groundwater as a result of 
agricultural use is either prohibited or restricted in areas 
where the contamination occurred.

FOR MORE INFORMATION: Single copies of the "1992 Well 
Inventory Report" are available free of charge from the
Environmental Monitoring and Pest Management Branch, 
Department of Pesticide Regulation, 1220 N Street, 
Sacramento, CA 95814, USA.

SOURCE: Cal/EPA Report, March 1993.
=============================================================
The Pesticide Action Network North America Updates 
Service (PANUPS) is a pesticide-related news service 
from the Pesticide Action Network (PAN) North American 
Regional Center.  PANUPS is posted weekly on EcoNet, the 
APC computer network, RTK NET, GeoNet/GEO2, the ECONET 
echo on FidoNet, the Sustainable Agriculture Network 
(SANET) on BitNet, and on PENpages. It is available free 
by electronic distribution.  Hard-copy compliations are 
also available. For info: PAN NA RC, 965 Mission Street 
#514, San Francisco, CA 94103. Tel: (415) 541-9140. Fax: 
(415) 541-9253. Telex: 156283472 PANNA. E-mail address 
on EcoNet: panna@igc.apc.org
=============================================================



From panna@igc.apc.org Fri Apr  9 16:34:26 1993
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	id AA10026; Fri, 9 Apr 93 14:35:17 EDT
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Reply-To: Conference "panna.panups" <panna.panups@conf.igc.apc.org>
From: Pesticide Action Network North America Reg Ctr <panna@igc.apc.org>
Date: 09 Apr 93 10:41 PDT
Subject: PANUPS: California Ground Water
To: Recipients of conference "panna.panups" <panna.panups@conf.igc.apc.org>
Message-Id: <1803300012%igc.apc.org@igc.apc.org>
Sender: Conference to Mail Gateway <conf2mail@igc.apc.org>
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/* Written 10:24 am  Apr  9, 1993 by panna@igc.apc.org in igc:test */
/* ---------- "PANUPS: Californial Ground Water" ---------- */
=============================================================
  PESTICIDE ACTION NETWORK NORTH AMERICA UPDATES SERVICE
=============================================================
CALIFORNIA GROUNDWATER REPORT RELEASED

April 9, 1993

	In March, the California Department of Pesticide 
Regulation (DPR) released its seventh annual report on the 
results of groundwater testing for pesticides. The report 
summarizes testing conducted by 35 government agencies and 
three private firms from 1971 through 1992, and includes 
cumulative totals of test results reported to DPR since 
1983. 
	The results are based on 260,693 reported analyses 
taken from 17,713 different wells. Of these, 12,459 tests 
were positive; 4,615 were confirmed by subsequent analyses 
(confirmation was not always possible).
	Testing was done for 273 pesticides and related 
breakdown products and metabolites. Sixty-eight pesticides 
were reported detected, and 35 were confirmed by subsequent 
analyses.Twelve of these 35 were determined to 
be in groundwater as a result of routine agricultural use. 
They were aldicarb sulfone and aldicarb sulfoxide (breakdown 
products of aldicarb), atrazine, bentazon, bromacil, 1,2-D, 
DBCP, diuron, EDB, prometon, simazine, and TPA (a breakdown 
product of chlorthal dimethyl). Of these DBCP, 1,2-D and EDB 
are no longer registered. Simazine was detected most frequently, 
followed by diuron, atrazine, bromacil, and bentazon.
	DPR is required to investigate all reported detections 
of pesticides registered for agricultural or outdoor use. 
Use of pesticides found in groundwater as a result of 
agricultural use is either prohibited or restricted in areas 
where the contamination occurred.

FOR MORE INFORMATION: Single copies of the "1992 Well 
Inventory Report" are available free of charge from the
Environmental Monitoring and Pest Management Branch, 
Department of Pesticide Regulation, 1220 N Street, 
Sacramento, CA 95814, USA.

SOURCE: Cal/EPA Report, March 1993.
=============================================================
The Pesticide Action Network North America Updates 
Service (PANUPS) is a pesticide-related news service 
from the Pesticide Action Network (PAN) North American 
Regional Center.  PANUPS is posted weekly on EcoNet, the 
APC computer network, RTK NET, GeoNet/GEO2, the ECONET 
echo on FidoNet, the Sustainable Agriculture Network 
(SANET) on BitNet, and on PENpages. It is available free 
by electronic distribution.  Hard-copy compliations are 
also available. For info: PAN NA RC, 965 Mission Street 
#514, San Francisco, CA 94103. Tel: (415) 541-9140. Fax: 
(415) 541-9253. Telex: 156283472 PANNA. E-mail address 
on EcoNet: panna@igc.apc.org
=============================================================



From hoymand@joe.uwex.edu Fri Apr 16 18:44:30 1993
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Date: Fri, 16 Apr 93 13:44:35 -0500
From: Dirk Herr-Hoyman <hoymand@joe.uwex.edu>
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Received: by NeXT.Mailer (1.87.1.RR)
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An Invitation from the
Electronic Journal of Extension Project Team
---------------------------------------------------------------------

     * Journal of Extension Now Available
       in Electronic Format on the Internet
       from almanac@joe.uwex.edu

     * Please Forward this Notice to Colleagues,
       Appropriate Lists, Newsgroups and Forums!

We invite you to try the Journal of Extension, now available
in several electronic formats on the Internet via the
Almanac E-mail document server.

If you receive this message more than once, we apologize.
Please consider these redundant message as mount evidence for
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THE JOURNAL OF EXTENSION
The Journal of Extension (JOE) is the official refereed
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The Journal also serves as a forum for emerging and contemporary
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that draws on the expertise of federal, state, and local partners
to extend research-based knowledge and technology from the
laboratory to the community via a nationwide network of educators
serving in the national interest.

THE ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF EXTENSION
We publish the Electronic Journal of Extension (EJOE)
simultaneously with its established print version.
During our pilot project, we'll electronically publish five
issues (Winter '92 through Winter '93).

Subscribers to EJOE may request articles in text, PostScript,
and Rich Text Formats from current and back issues.  EJOE is
one of a few E-journals that offers multiple formats to
their subscribers.

Also, you may send search requests via E-mail that query a
collection of over 500 JOE articles published since the
Winter 1987 issue.

We plan as well to distribute EJOE as Gopher and WAIS
information services.  We'll support anonymous FTP access
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include the use of MIME (Multimedia Internet Mail
Extensions), and likely use of Adobe Acrobat's PDF (Portable
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SUBSCRIPTIONS
To subscribe to the Electronic Journal of Extension, send
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To help us decide whether to continue publishing EJOE, we'll ask
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electronic format.

For more details on the Electronic Journal of Extension Pilot
Project, contact:

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Internet Publishing Specialist
Electronic Journal of Extension Project Coordinator
University of Wisconsin-Extension
hoymand@joe.uwex.edu (NeXTmail accepted)
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From panna@igc.apc.org Fri Apr 16 18:44:48 1993
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Reply-To: Conference "panna.panups" <panna.panups@conf.igc.apc.org>
From: Pesticide Action Network North America Reg Ctr <panna@igc.apc.org>
Date: 16 Apr 93 12:26 PDT
Subject: PANUPS: Pesticide Use Reduct Legis
To: Recipients of conference "panna.panups" <panna.panups@conf.igc.apc.org>
Message-Id: <1803300013%igc.apc.org@igc.apc.org>
Sender: Conference to Mail Gateway <conf2mail@igc.apc.org>
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=============================================================
   PESTICIDE ACTION NETWORK NORTH AMERICA UPDATES SERVICE
=============================================================

PESTICIDE USE REDUCTION BILLS INTRODUCED IN THREE STATES 

April 16, 1993

	Three pesticide use reduction proposals originated by 
public interest groups are currently under consideration by 
state lawmakers in Oregon, California and New York.  
	Oregon's Senate Bill 195 seeks to reduce pesticide use 
through research and promotion of safer alternatives, 
increased fees on pesticide and applicator licenses, and 
holding pesticide users legally accountable for consequences 
of pesticide use, including costs of environmental cleanup.  
The bill also addresses farmworkers' and public information 
access, and requires licensed pesticide users to report all 
pesticide use to the State Department of Agriculture.  Oregon 
Public Interest Research Group (OSPIRG), which developed the 
legislation to prevent ground water contamination by 
pesticides, remains cautiously optimistic that it will pass 
through the State Legislature, although major modifications 
are likely.  
 	In California, the Pesticide Use Reduction Act of 1993 
(Senate Bill 475) mandates a state program to "achieve a 
significant reduction in the use of the active ingredients in 
pesticides in California by the year 2000."  The bill passed 
the state Senate Toxics Committee early in April and will be 
considered by the Senate Appropriations Committee later this 
month.  If passed by the Appropriations Committee, the bill 
will be debated by the full Senate.  In its present form, SB 
475 seeks endorsement of the concept of pesticide use 
reduction as beneficial to the interests of Californians 
without addressing specifics; amendments detailing targets 
and approaches are likely to be added as the bill moves 
through the legislature.  The bill's supporters include the 
Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC), California Rural 
Legal Assistance, Sierra Club and PAN North America Regional 
Center.  Opponents include Western Growers Association, 
California Farm Bureau, and Western Agricultural Chemical 
Association.  
	In New York, the Pesticide Use Reduction Act (Assembly 
Bill 4774-A)  is now before the State Assembly. If passed, it 
would require state agencies and schools to use "least toxic, 
least impact" methods of pest control, and to cut their 
pesticide use by 50% over the next ten years.  The New York 
Coalition for Alternatives to Pesticides (NYCAP), which has 
been working for passage of a pesticide use reduction bill 
for several years, reports that a similar bill passed the 
State Assembly in 1992, only to die in the State Senate 
without a sponsor.  In addition, the New York Attorney 
General's office has submitted a separate bill to the state 
legislature that would require commercial pesticide 
applicators to provide potential customers with information 
about less toxic or non-chemical controls; however this bill 
lacks a sponsor and is not under active consideration.  

SOURCES/CONTACTS:  Quincy Sugarman, OSPIRG, 1536 SE 11th 
Avenue, Portland OR 97214; phone:(503) 231-4181, fax:(503) 
231-4007.  
-Jennifer Curtis, NRDC, 71 Stevenson Street, San Francisco, 
CA 94105, USA; phone:(415) 777-0220, fax:(415) 495-5996.
-Tracy Frisch, NYCAP, 33 Central Avenue, Albany NY 12210; 
phone:(518) 426-8246.  
-Ann Goldweber, NY Attorney General's Office, 120 Broadway, 
26th Floor, New York, NY 10271; phone:(212) 416-8459, 
fax:(212) 416-6007.   
=============================================================
The Pesticide Action Network North America Updates Service 
(PANUPS) is a pesticide-related news service from the 
Pesticide Action Network (PAN) North American Regional 
Center.  PANUPS is posted weekly on EcoNet, the APC computer 
network, RTK NET, GeoNet/GEO2, the ECONET echo on FidoNet, 
the Sustainable Agriculture Network (SANET) on BitNet, and on 
PENpages. It is available free by electronic distribution.  
Hard-copy compliations are also available. For info: PANNA 
RC, 965 Mission Street #514, San Francisco, CA 94103. Tel: 
(415) 541-9140. Fax: (415) 541-9253. Telex: 156283472 PANNA. 
E-mail address on EcoNet: panna@igc.apc.org
=============================================================


From panna@igc.apc.org Fri Apr 16 18:44:55 1993
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From: Pesticide Action Network North America Reg Ctr <panna@igc.apc.org>
Date: 16 Apr 93 12:26 PDT
Subject: PANUPS: Pesticide Use Reduct Legis
To: Recipients of conference "panna.panups" <panna.panups@conf.igc.apc.org>
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=============================================================
   PESTICIDE ACTION NETWORK NORTH AMERICA UPDATES SERVICE
=============================================================

PESTICIDE USE REDUCTION BILLS INTRODUCED IN THREE STATES 

April 16, 1993

	Three pesticide use reduction proposals originated by 
public interest groups are currently under consideration by 
state lawmakers in Oregon, California and New York.  
	Oregon's Senate Bill 195 seeks to reduce pesticide use 
through research and promotion of safer alternatives, 
increased fees on pesticide and applicator licenses, and 
holding pesticide users legally accountable for consequences 
of pesticide use, including costs of environmental cleanup.  
The bill also addresses farmworkers' and public information 
access, and requires licensed pesticide users to report all 
pesticide use to the State Department of Agriculture.  Oregon 
Public Interest Research Group (OSPIRG), which developed the 
legislation to prevent ground water contamination by 
pesticides, remains cautiously optimistic that it will pass 
through the State Legislature, although major modifications 
are likely.  
 	In California, the Pesticide Use Reduction Act of 1993 
(Senate Bill 475) mandates a state program to "achieve a 
significant reduction in the use of the active ingredients in 
pesticides in California by the year 2000."  The bill passed 
the state Senate Toxics Committee early in April and will be 
considered by the Senate Appropriations Committee later this 
month.  If passed by the Appropriations Committee, the bill 
will be debated by the full Senate.  In its present form, SB 
475 seeks endorsement of the concept of pesticide use 
reduction as beneficial to the interests of Californians 
without addressing specifics; amendments detailing targets 
and approaches are likely to be added as the bill moves 
through the legislature.  The bill's supporters include the 
Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC), California Rural 
Legal Assistance, Sierra Club and PAN North America Regional 
Center.  Opponents include Western Growers Association, 
California Farm Bureau, and Western Agricultural Chemical 
Association.  
	In New York, the Pesticide Use Reduction Act (Assembly 
Bill 4774-A)  is now before the State Assembly. If passed, it 
would require state agencies and schools to use "least toxic, 
least impact" methods of pest control, and to cut their 
pesticide use by 50% over the next ten years.  The New York 
Coalition for Alternatives to Pesticides (NYCAP), which has 
been working for passage of a pesticide use reduction bill 
for several years, reports that a similar bill passed the 
State Assembly in 1992, only to die in the State Senate 
without a sponsor.  In addition, the New York Attorney 
General's office has submitted a separate bill to the state 
legislature that would require commercial pesticide 
applicators to provide potential customers with information 
about less toxic or non-chemical controls; however this bill 
lacks a sponsor and is not under active consideration.  

SOURCES/CONTACTS:  Quincy Sugarman, OSPIRG, 1536 SE 11th 
Avenue, Portland OR 97214; phone:(503) 231-4181, fax:(503) 
231-4007.  
-Jennifer Curtis, NRDC, 71 Stevenson Street, San Francisco, 
CA 94105, USA; phone:(415) 777-0220, fax:(415) 495-5996.
-Tracy Frisch, NYCAP, 33 Central Avenue, Albany NY 12210; 
phone:(518) 426-8246.  
-Ann Goldweber, NY Attorney General's Office, 120 Broadway, 
26th Floor, New York, NY 10271; phone:(212) 416-8459, 
fax:(212) 416-6007.   
=============================================================
The Pesticide Action Network North America Updates Service 
(PANUPS) is a pesticide-related news service from the 
Pesticide Action Network (PAN) North American Regional 
Center.  PANUPS is posted weekly on EcoNet, the APC computer 
network, RTK NET, GeoNet/GEO2, the ECONET echo on FidoNet, 
the Sustainable Agriculture Network (SANET) on BitNet, and on 
PENpages. It is available free by electronic distribution.  
Hard-copy compliations are also available. For info: PANNA 
RC, 965 Mission Street #514, San Francisco, CA 94103. Tel: 
(415) 541-9140. Fax: (415) 541-9253. Telex: 156283472 PANNA. 
E-mail address on EcoNet: panna@igc.apc.org
=============================================================


From panna@igc.apc.org Thu Apr 22 11:07:04 1993
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	id AA10173; Thu, 22 Apr 93 10:22:07 EDT
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Reply-To: Conference "panna.panups" <panna.panups@conf.igc.apc.org>
From: Pesticide Action Network North America Reg Ctr <panna@igc.apc.org>
Date: 21 Apr 93 13:21 PDT
Subject: PANUPS: World Pesticide Mrkt Decl
To: Recipients of conference "panna.panups" <panna.panups@conf.igc.apc.org>
Message-Id: <1803300015%igc.apc.org@igc.apc.org>
Sender: Conference to Mail Gateway <conf2mail@igc.apc.org>
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Status: RO
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=============================================================
   PESTICIDE ACTION NETWORK NORTH AMERICA UPDATES SERVICE
=============================================================

WORLD AGROCHEMICAL SALES FALL

April 21, 1993

	For the second year in a row, the world agrochemical 
market has shown a decline in real terms (with the effects of 
inflation and currency exchange removed).  According to a new 
report from Allan Woodburn Associates (as reported in Agrow 
on March 5), sales fell 1.2% in 1992 after a fall of 1.1% the 
previous year.  Sales in the United States, however, grew as 
a result of increased maize plantings, and Japanese sales 
were higher than expected due partly to changes in the 
governmentUs acreage reduction policy.  The report indicated 
that Asia showed the greatest overall growth due to 
agricultural support programs. The decline in the Western 
European market was attributed to EC Common Agricultural 
Policy reforms, unfavorable weather conditions, and financial 
pressure on farmers.  
	Before 1991, the world agrochemical market had been 
growing for decades, but at a decreasing rate.  According to 
one industry study, real growth in the world market was 11% 
for the period 1960-69, 7.6% from 1970-79, and 2.3% from 
1980-91.  In 1992, of the top 10 country markets, only the 
United States and Japan recorded sales growth in dollar 
terms.
	The three largest German agrochemical companies, 
Hoechst, Bayer, and BASF, all had falling sales in their 
agricultural divisions during 1992 according to Agrow. This 
was due largely to reduced revenues from agrochemical sales.  
Bayer's agricultural division saw consolidated pre-tax 
profits fall by 21.3% in 1992.  Hoechst's worldwide 
agrochemical sales in 1992 were 6% lower than 1991.  BASF's 
worldwide crop protection sales were down 9% in 1992.  
Although a large percentage of their agrochemical sales are 
to foreign markets, an 18.8% drop in the German domestic 
market had a major effect on the revenues of these companies.  
	In many industrialized countries, total pesticide usage 
and/or sales have stagnated or declined in recent years.  
Other examples recently reported include: 

-  Sweden cut agricultural pesticide use 50% between 1986 and 
1990; and aims for another 50% reduction by 1997.

-  In the Netherlands, sales of agrochemical active 
ingredients were 7% lower in 1992 than in 1991.

-  In Switzerland, the market has been gradually contracting 
following a stabilization of sales in 1988; sales have 
declined by 13.5% during this time.

-  Danish pesticide use dropped by 18% in 1991, the largest 
annual reduction in usage since the national crop 
protection plan started in 1986.  The plan aims to halve 
pesticide usage by 1997.  To date, sales have dropped 35% 
compared with the reference period.  

SOURCES:  Agrow, April 2, 1993, March 5, 1993, and January 8, 
1993; other  industry reports.
=============================================================
The Pesticide Action Network North America Updates Service 
(PANUPS) is a pesticide-related news service from the 
Pesticide Action Network (PAN) North American Regional 
Center.  PANUPS is posted weekly on EcoNet, the APC computer 
network, RTK NET, GeoNet/GEO2, the ECONET echo on FidoNet, 
the Sustainable Agriculture Network (SANET) on BitNet, and on 
PENpages. It is available free by electronic distribution.  
Hard-copy compliations are also available. For info: PAN NA 
RC, 965 Mission Street #514, San Francisco, CA 94103. Tel: 
(415) 541-9140. Fax: (415) 541-9253. Telex: 156283472 PANNA. 
E-mail address on EcoNet: panna@igc.apc.org
=============================================================


From panna@igc.apc.org Thu Apr 22 11:22:46 1993
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	id AA10388; Thu, 22 Apr 93 10:28:52 EDT
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Reply-To: Conference "panna.panups" <panna.panups@conf.igc.apc.org>
From: Pesticide Action Network North America Reg Ctr <panna@igc.apc.org>
Date: 21 Apr 93 13:21 PDT
Subject: PANUPS: World Pesticide Mrkt Decl
To: Recipients of conference "panna.panups" <panna.panups@conf.igc.apc.org>
Message-Id: <1803300015%igc.apc.org@igc.apc.org>
Sender: Conference to Mail Gateway <conf2mail@igc.apc.org>
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Sender: mail2conf@igc.apc.org
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Status: RO
X-Status: 


=============================================================
   PESTICIDE ACTION NETWORK NORTH AMERICA UPDATES SERVICE
=============================================================

WORLD AGROCHEMICAL SALES FALL

April 21, 1993

	For the second year in a row, the world agrochemical 
market has shown a decline in real terms (with the effects of 
inflation and currency exchange removed).  According to a new 
report from Allan Woodburn Associates (as reported in Agrow 
on March 5), sales fell 1.2% in 1992 after a fall of 1.1% the 
previous year.  Sales in the United States, however, grew as 
a result of increased maize plantings, and Japanese sales 
were higher than expected due partly to changes in the 
governmentUs acreage reduction policy.  The report indicated 
that Asia showed the greatest overall growth due to 
agricultural support programs. The decline in the Western 
European market was attributed to EC Common Agricultural 
Policy reforms, unfavorable weather conditions, and financial 
pressure on farmers.  
	Before 1991, the world agrochemical market had been 
growing for decades, but at a decreasing rate.  According to 
one industry study, real growth in the world market was 11% 
for the period 1960-69, 7.6% from 1970-79, and 2.3% from 
1980-91.  In 1992, of the top 10 country markets, only the 
United States and Japan recorded sales growth in dollar 
terms.
	The three largest German agrochemical companies, 
Hoechst, Bayer, and BASF, all had falling sales in their 
agricultural divisions during 1992 according to Agrow. This 
was due largely to reduced revenues from agrochemical sales.  
Bayer's agricultural division saw consolidated pre-tax 
profits fall by 21.3% in 1992.  Hoechst's worldwide 
agrochemical sales in 1992 were 6% lower than 1991.  BASF's 
worldwide crop protection sales were down 9% in 1992.  
Although a large percentage of their agrochemical sales are 
to foreign markets, an 18.8% drop in the German domestic 
market had a major effect on the revenues of these companies.  
	In many industrialized countries, total pesticide usage 
and/or sales have stagnated or declined in recent years.  
Other examples recently reported include: 

-  Sweden cut agricultural pesticide use 50% between 1986 and 
1990; and aims for another 50% reduction by 1997.

-  In the Netherlands, sales of agrochemical active 
ingredients were 7% lower in 1992 than in 1991.

-  In Switzerland, the market has been gradually contracting 
following a stabilization of sales in 1988; sales have 
declined by 13.5% during this time.

-  Danish pesticide use dropped by 18% in 1991, the largest 
annual reduction in usage since the national crop 
protection plan started in 1986.  The plan aims to halve 
pesticide usage by 1997.  To date, sales have dropped 35% 
compared with the reference period.  

SOURCES:  Agrow, April 2, 1993, March 5, 1993, and January 8, 
1993; other  industry reports.
=============================================================
The Pesticide Action Network North America Updates Service 
(PANUPS) is a pesticide-related news service from the 
Pesticide Action Network (PAN) North American Regional 
Center.  PANUPS is posted weekly on EcoNet, the APC computer 
network, RTK NET, GeoNet/GEO2, the ECONET echo on FidoNet, 
the Sustainable Agriculture Network (SANET) on BitNet, and on 
PENpages. It is available free by electronic distribution.  
Hard-copy compliations are also available. For info: PAN NA 
RC, 965 Mission Street #514, San Francisco, CA 94103. Tel: 
(415) 541-9140. Fax: (415) 541-9253. Telex: 156283472 PANNA. 
E-mail address on EcoNet: panna@igc.apc.org
=============================================================


From panna@igc.apc.org Fri Apr 23 00:22:57 1993
Received: from OES.ORST.EDU by SunSite.unc.edu (4.1/TAS/11-16-88)
	id AA02324; Thu, 22 Apr 93 18:39:03 EDT
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  (5.65b/IDA-1.4.3); Thu, 22 Apr 93 15:06:43 -0700
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	id AA16254; Thu, 22 Apr 93 15:06:47 PDT
Errors-To: panna@igc.apc.org
Reply-To: Conference "panna.panups" <panna.panups@conf.igc.apc.org>
From: Pesticide Action Network North America Reg Ctr <panna@igc.apc.org>
Date: 22 Apr 93 14:38 PDT
Subject: PANUPS: Breast Cancer linked to
To: Recipients of conference "panna.panups" <panna.panups@conf.igc.apc.org>
Message-Id: <1803300016%igc.apc.org@igc.apc.org>
Sender: Conference to Mail Gateway <conf2mail@igc.apc.org>
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Status: RO
X-Status: 


=============================================================
    PESTICIDE ACTION NETWORK NORTH AMERICA UPDATES SERVICE
=============================================================

RESIDUES OF DDT METABOLITE LINKED TO INCREASED RISK OF 
BREAST CANCER

April 22, 1993

	An article published in the Journal of the National Cancer 
Institute for the week of April 21, 1993 correlates breast cancer in 
women with increased levels of DDE in blood serum. (DDE is a 
metabolite of the organochlorine insecticide DDT.) Dr. Mary Wolff 
and associates, drawing from the population of 14,290 women 
monitored in the New York University Women's Health Study, 
selected 58 women who had developed breast cancer and 171 
matched controls without cancer. After adjusting for participants' 
childbearing and breastfeeding histories, and for family history of 
breast cancer, researchers found a fourfold increase in relative risk 
of breast cancer for women with elevated levels of DDE in the blood.
	Study participants were also tested for the presence of PCBs 
(poly-chlorinated biphenyls) in the blood serum.  Researchers found 
less than a twofold increase in relative risk for breast cancer 
associated with elevated levels of PCBs in the blood, and this 
association was further reduced when adjusted for the presence of 
DDE.
	This is the largest cohort to date that investigates possible 
relationships between breast cancer and organochlorine residues, 
and the only one to make significant statistical adjustments for 
other known risk factors.  Partly because of the larger size of the 
population monitored, than that of previous studies, it was possible 
for researchers to individually match cases and controls for at least 
some known risk factors.
	The authors point out that data implicating DDEUs association 
with breast cancer risk is important in light of the fact that DDE is 
a very common contaminant of animal-derived food products.  
Environmental contamination with DDT and other organochlorine 
compounds has been documented for at least three decades, and 
human exposure is still common throughout the world.  
Organochlorines are highly persistent in the environment, and are 
eliminated only slowly from the body, so long-term health effects, 
including cancer, are of particular concern.
 	Drs. David J. Hunter and Karl T. Kelsey of the Harvard School of 
Public Health note in an editorial in the same issue of the Journal of 
the National Cancer Institute that epidemiological information is 
limited on the health consequences of exposure to organochlorine 
compounds, and that even in cases of known or estimable exposure, 
little follow-up has been done to trace the incidence of breast 
cancer. Hunter and Kelsey comment that the findings in Wolff et al's 
study "may have extraordinary global implications for the prevention 
of breast cancer." 

SOURCES: Journal of the National Cancer Institute Vol 85 No 8; Press 
Section, National Cancer Institute.

CONTACT:  Office of Communications, Press Section, National Cancer 
Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, phone (301) 496-6641, fax (301) 
496-0846.

-Elaine Blankenship, Public Affairs Coordinator, Mt. Sinai School of 
Medicine, 10 E. 102nd. St.,  New York, NY 10029, phone (212) 241-
9200.
=============================================================
The Pesticide Action Network North America Updates Service 
(PANUPS) is a pesticide-related news service from the Pesticide 
Action Network (PAN) North American Regional Center.  PANUPS is 
posted weekly on EcoNet, the APC computer network, RTK NET, 
GeoNet/GEO2, the ECONET echo on FidoNet, the Sustainable 
Agriculture Network (SANET) on BitNet, and on PENpages. It is 
available free by electronic distribution.  Hard-copy compilations 
are also available. For info: PAN NA RC, 965 Mission Street #514, 
San Francisco, CA 94103. Tel: (415) 541-9140. Fax: (415) 541-9253. 
Telex: 156283472 PANNA. E-mail address on EcoNet: 
panna@igc.apc.org
=============================================================


From panna@igc.apc.org Fri Apr 23 00:23:02 1993
Received: from OES.ORST.EDU by SunSite.unc.edu (4.1/TAS/11-16-88)
	id AA02352; Thu, 22 Apr 93 18:39:36 EDT
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	id AA17016; Thu, 22 Apr 93 15:11:51 PDT
Resent-Date: 22 Apr 93 14:38 PDT
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Errors-To: panna@igc.apc.org
X-From_: notes  Thu Apr 22 15:11:42 1993
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	id AA16997; Thu, 22 Apr 93 15:11:42 PDT
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	id AA16254; Thu, 22 Apr 93 15:06:47 PDT
Errors-To: panna@igc.apc.org
Reply-To: Conference "panna.panups" <panna.panups@conf.igc.apc.org>
From: Pesticide Action Network North America Reg Ctr <panna@igc.apc.org>
Date: 22 Apr 93 14:38 PDT
Subject: PANUPS: Breast Cancer linked to
To: Recipients of conference "panna.panups" <panna.panups@conf.igc.apc.org>
Message-Id: <1803300016%igc.apc.org@igc.apc.org>
Sender: Conference to Mail Gateway <conf2mail@igc.apc.org>
Errors-To: panna@igc.apc.org
Sender: mail2conf@igc.apc.org
Resent-To: Moderator of conference bitl.sanet <sanet-mg@oes.orst.edu>
Status: RO
X-Status: 


=============================================================
    PESTICIDE ACTION NETWORK NORTH AMERICA UPDATES SERVICE
=============================================================

RESIDUES OF DDT METABOLITE LINKED TO INCREASED RISK OF 
BREAST CANCER

April 22, 1993

	An article published in the Journal of the National Cancer 
Institute for the week of April 21, 1993 correlates breast cancer in 
women with increased levels of DDE in blood serum. (DDE is a 
metabolite of the organochlorine insecticide DDT.) Dr. Mary Wolff 
and associates, drawing from the population of 14,290 women 
monitored in the New York University Women's Health Study, 
selected 58 women who had developed breast cancer and 171 
matched controls without cancer. After adjusting for participants' 
childbearing and breastfeeding histories, and for family history of 
breast cancer, researchers found a fourfold increase in relative risk 
of breast cancer for women with elevated levels of DDE in the blood.
	Study participants were also tested for the presence of PCBs 
(poly-chlorinated biphenyls) in the blood serum.  Researchers found 
less than a twofold increase in relative risk for breast cancer 
associated with elevated levels of PCBs in the blood, and this 
association was further reduced when adjusted for the presence of 
DDE.
	This is the largest cohort to date that investigates possible 
relationships between breast cancer and organochlorine residues, 
and the only one to make significant statistical adjustments for 
other known risk factors.  Partly because of the larger size of the 
population monitored, than that of previous studies, it was possible 
for researchers to individually match cases and controls for at least 
some known risk factors.
	The authors point out that data implicating DDEUs association 
with breast cancer risk is important in light of the fact that DDE is 
a very common contaminant of animal-derived food products.  
Environmental contamination with DDT and other organochlorine 
compounds has been documented for at least three decades, and 
human exposure is still common throughout the world.  
Organochlorines are highly persistent in the environment, and are 
eliminated only slowly from the body, so long-term health effects, 
including cancer, are of particular concern.
 	Drs. David J. Hunter and Karl T. Kelsey of the Harvard School of 
Public Health note in an editorial in the same issue of the Journal of 
the National Cancer Institute that epidemiological information is 
limited on the health consequences of exposure to organochlorine 
compounds, and that even in cases of known or estimable exposure, 
little follow-up has been done to trace the incidence of breast 
cancer. Hunter and Kelsey comment that the findings in Wolff et al's 
study "may have extraordinary global implications for the prevention 
of breast cancer." 

SOURCES: Journal of the National Cancer Institute Vol 85 No 8; Press 
Section, National Cancer Institute.

CONTACT:  Office of Communications, Press Section, National Cancer 
Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, phone (301) 496-6641, fax (301) 
496-0846.

-Elaine Blankenship, Public Affairs Coordinator, Mt. Sinai School of 
Medicine, 10 E. 102nd. St.,  New York, NY 10029, phone (212) 241-
9200.
=============================================================
The Pesticide Action Network North America Updates Service 
(PANUPS) is a pesticide-related news service from the Pesticide 
Action Network (PAN) North American Regional Center.  PANUPS is 
posted weekly on EcoNet, the APC computer network, RTK NET, 
GeoNet/GEO2, the ECONET echo on FidoNet, the Sustainable 
Agriculture Network (SANET) on BitNet, and on PENpages. It is 
available free by electronic distribution.  Hard-copy compilations 
are also available. For info: PAN NA RC, 965 Mission Street #514, 
San Francisco, CA 94103. Tel: (415) 541-9140. Fax: (415) 541-9253. 
Telex: 156283472 PANNA. E-mail address on EcoNet: 
panna@igc.apc.org
=============================================================


From panna@igc.apc.org Wed Apr 28 21:54:16 1993
Received: from OES.ORST.EDU by SunSite.unc.edu (4.1/TAS/11-16-88)
	id AA06361; Wed, 28 Apr 93 13:35:58 EDT
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  (5.65b/IDA-1.4.3); Wed, 28 Apr 93 10:02:11 -0700
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	id AA24362; Wed, 28 Apr 93 10:02:15 PDT
Errors-To: panna@igc.apc.org
Reply-To: Conference "panna.panups" <panna.panups@conf.igc.apc.org>
From: Pesticide Action Network North America Reg Ctr <panna@igc.apc.org>
Date: 28 Apr 93 10:00 PDT
Subject: PANUPS: Sustainable AG in Cuba
To: Recipients of conference "panna.panups" <panna.panups@conf.igc.apc.org>
Message-Id: <1803300017%igc.apc.org@igc.apc.org>
Sender: Conference to Mail Gateway <conf2mail@igc.apc.org>
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Status: RO
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=============================================================
  PESTICIDE ACTION NETWORK NORTH AMERICA UPDATES SERVICE
=============================================================
SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE IN CUBA

April 28, 1993

	In November, 1992, an interdisciplinary group went to 
Cuba to investigate the government's claims of recent large-
scale adoption of sustainable agriculture. The multi-country 
delegation included scientists, sustainable agriculture 
activists, and farmers. A report documenting their findings 
will be available from Global Exchange (the tour organizer) 
in approximately two months.
	The group found that Cubans have initiated a national 
transition from conventional, chemical-intensive agriculture 
toward biological and information-based sustainable agro-
ecosystems. This transition involves all aspects of Cuban 
agriculture from production systems to research and 
extension,  to agricultural labor and quality of life in 
rural areas.
	The transition to sustainable agriculture is partly due 
to the collapse of the former Soviet Union in 1989. The loss 
of Cuba's primary trading partner plunged Cuba into a severe 
economic crisis and forced drastic reductions in imports of 
inputs for conventional agriculture. From 1988  to 1991, oil 
imports were cut by 50% and pesticide imports by 63%. 
Chemical fertilizer application rates are 20% of what they 
were before 1989. 
	Over 200 local centers have been built to produce 
biological control agents for insect pests and plant 
pathogens. Weed management with crop rotations and tillage 
methods is replacing herbicide use. Extensive monitoring 
systems are being used to help manage insects, pathogens, 
and weeds. Cubans are changing university agricultural 
curricula as well as field training for agricultural 
managers and their employees. 
	The First National Conference on Organic Agriculture 
will be held on May 19-21, 1993, in Havana. An international 
organic agriculture short course with professors from the 
University of California and Cuba highlighting recent Cuban 
advances will follow the conference.

SOURCE: Jeff Dlott, Kearney Agricultural Center (a member of 
the delegation).

CONTACT: Global Exchange, 2017 Mission Street #303, San 
Francisco, CA 94110, USA; phone (415) 255-7296. 

For conference information, contact: Ing. Roberto Garcia 
Trujillo, Instituto de Ciencia Animal, Tulipan No. 1011 c/ 
47 y Lora, Nuevo Vedado, CP 10600, Havana, Cuba.
=============================================================
The Pesticide Action Network North America Updates 
Service (PANUPS) is a pesticide-related news service 
from the Pesticide Action Network (PAN) North American 
Regional Center.  PANUPS is posted weekly on EcoNet, the 
APC computer network, RTK NET, GeoNet/GEO2, the ECONET 
echo on FidoNet, the Sustainable Agriculture Network 
(SANET) on BitNet, and on PENpages. It is available free 
by electronic distribution.  Hard-copy compliations are 
also available. For info: PAN NA RC, 965 Mission Street 
#514, San Francisco, CA 94103. Tel: (415) 541-9140. Fax: 
(415) 541-9253. Telex: 156283472 PANNA. E-mail address 
on EcoNet: panna@igc.apc.org
=============================================================


From panna@igc.apc.org Wed Apr 28 21:54:25 1993
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Reply-To: Conference "panna.panups" <panna.panups@conf.igc.apc.org>
From: Pesticide Action Network North America Reg Ctr <panna@igc.apc.org>
Date: 28 Apr 93 10:00 PDT
Subject: PANUPS: Sustainable AG in Cuba
To: Recipients of conference "panna.panups" <panna.panups@conf.igc.apc.org>
Message-Id: <1803300017%igc.apc.org@igc.apc.org>
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Sender: mail2conf@igc.apc.org
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Status: RO
X-Status: 


=============================================================
  PESTICIDE ACTION NETWORK NORTH AMERICA UPDATES SERVICE
=============================================================
SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE IN CUBA

April 28, 1993

	In November, 1992, an interdisciplinary group went to 
Cuba to investigate the government's claims of recent large-
scale adoption of sustainable agriculture. The multi-country 
delegation included scientists, sustainable agriculture 
activists, and farmers. A report documenting their findings 
will be available from Global Exchange (the tour organizer) 
in approximately two months.
	The group found that Cubans have initiated a national 
transition from conventional, chemical-intensive agriculture 
toward biological and information-based sustainable agro-
ecosystems. This transition involves all aspects of Cuban 
agriculture from production systems to research and 
extension,  to agricultural labor and quality of life in 
rural areas.
	The transition to sustainable agriculture is partly due 
to the collapse of the former Soviet Union in 1989. The loss 
of Cuba's primary trading partner plunged Cuba into a severe 
economic crisis and forced drastic reductions in imports of 
inputs for conventional agriculture. From 1988  to 1991, oil 
imports were cut by 50% and pesticide imports by 63%. 
Chemical fertilizer application rates are 20% of what they 
were before 1989. 
	Over 200 local centers have been built to produce 
biological control agents for insect pests and plant 
pathogens. Weed management with crop rotations and tillage 
methods is replacing herbicide use. Extensive monitoring 
systems are being used to help manage insects, pathogens, 
and weeds. Cubans are changing university agricultural 
curricula as well as field training for agricultural 
managers and their employees. 
	The First National Conference on Organic Agriculture 
will be held on May 19-21, 1993, in Havana. An international 
organic agriculture short course with professors from the 
University of California and Cuba highlighting recent Cuban 
advances will follow the conference.

SOURCE: Jeff Dlott, Kearney Agricultural Center (a member of 
the delegation).

CONTACT: Global Exchange, 2017 Mission Street #303, San 
Francisco, CA 94110, USA; phone (415) 255-7296. 

For conference information, contact: Ing. Roberto Garcia 
Trujillo, Instituto de Ciencia Animal, Tulipan No. 1011 c/ 
47 y Lora, Nuevo Vedado, CP 10600, Havana, Cuba.
=============================================================
The Pesticide Action Network North America Updates 
Service (PANUPS) is a pesticide-related news service 
from the Pesticide Action Network (PAN) North American 
Regional Center.  PANUPS is posted weekly on EcoNet, the 
APC computer network, RTK NET, GeoNet/GEO2, the ECONET 
echo on FidoNet, the Sustainable Agriculture Network 
(SANET) on BitNet, and on PENpages. It is available free 
by electronic distribution.  Hard-copy compliations are 
also available. For info: PAN NA RC, 965 Mission Street 
#514, San Francisco, CA 94103. Tel: (415) 541-9140. Fax: 
(415) 541-9253. Telex: 156283472 PANNA. E-mail address 
on EcoNet: panna@igc.apc.org
=============================================================


From panna@igc.apc.org Mon May  3 21:21:12 1993
Received: from OES.ORST.EDU by SunSite.unc.edu (4.1/TAS/11-16-88)
	id AA07851; Mon, 3 May 93 13:53:59 EDT
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  (5.65b/IDA-1.4.3); Mon, 3 May 93 10:30:44 -0700
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	id AA27548; Mon, 3 May 93 10:30:50 PDT
Errors-To: panna@igc.apc.org
Reply-To: Conference "panna.panups" <panna.panups@conf.igc.apc.org>
From: Pesticide Action Network North America Reg Ctr <panna@igc.apc.org>
Date: 03 May 93 10:30 PDT
Subject: PANUPS: Methyl Bromide Update
To: Recipients of conference "panna.panups" <panna.panups@conf.igc.apc.org>
Message-Id: <1803300018%igc.apc.org@igc.apc.org>
Sender: Conference to Mail Gateway <conf2mail@igc.apc.org>
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Status: RO
X-Status: 


=============================================================
   PESTICIDE ACTION NETWORK NORTH AMERICA UPDATES SERVICE
=============================================================

Methyl Bromide Phase Out Update

May 3, 1993

	In November 1992, the 81 signatory countries (Parties) 
to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the 
Ozone Layer listed the fumigant methyl bromide as an ozone 
depleter. Timelines for use and production phase outs will 
be considered at the 1995 Montreal Protocol meeting. Between 
now and 1995, the Parties are to "make every effort to 
reduce emissions of and to recover, recycle and reclaim, 
methyl bromide." By 1995, each Party is to limit methyl 
bromide production to its 1991 level, with the exception of 
amounts used for "quarantine and pre-shipment applications" 
(i.e., fumigating traded commodities to kill all organisms 
that might be carried to another country).
	A Technical Options Committee has been formed to 
prepare a report by November 1994 on the feasibility of 
limiting emissions and using chemical and non-chemical 
alternatives to methyl bromide. The Committee will meet 
approximately five times in 1993 and 1994. The first meeting 
was held in The Netherlands on March 24-29, 1993. The 
Committee is heavily dominated by northern governmental and 
business representatives. 
	Information from NGOs on alternatives to methyl bromide 
use will be critical to this process, because the worldwide 
phase out timetable will be set according to availability of 
alternatives. PAN North America is represented on this 
committee, as are two other North American NGOs. No 
developing country NGOs are currently represented, in part 
due to the lack of committed funds.
	The Montreal Protocol process provides for 10-year 
extensions on phase out schedules in developing countries, 
leaving workers exposed to methyl bromide far longer in 
these countries. Most methyl bromide use in developing 
countries is for production of export commodities and 
fumigation to meet quarantine requirements of developed 
countries.
	Certain countries and regions are likely to influence 
the worldwide phase out through their own phase outs. In 
January 1993, the U.S. announced that it will halt all 
production and use of methyl bromide by January 1, 2000. 
Denmark has proposed regulations that will ban most uses of 
methyl bromide by January 1, 1996, and remaining uses by 
January 1, 1998. The European Community (EC) was considering 
50% production and use cuts by 2000, but France (which is 
51% owner of Atochem, the ECUs largest methyl bromide 
producer) stalled the process in March 1993. (See Global 
Pesticide Campaigner 8/92, 11/92, 2/93)

Source/contact: Mary OUBrien, c/o PAN North America Regional 
Center.

=============================================================
The Pesticide Action Network North America Updates Service 
(PANUPS) is a pesticide-related news service from the 
Pesticide Action Network (PAN) North American Regional 
Center.  PANUPS is posted weekly on EcoNet, the APC computer 
network, RTK NET, GeoNet/GEO2, the ECONET echo on FidoNet, 
the Sustainable Agriculture Network (SANET) on BitNet, and on 
PENpages. It is available free by electronic distribution.  
Hard-copy complimentations are also available. For info: PAN 
NA RC, 965 Mission Street #514, San Francisco, CA 94103. Tel: 
(415) 541-9140. Fax: (415) 541-9253. Telex: 156283472 PANNA. 
E-mail address on EcoNet: panna@igc.apc.org
=============================================================


From panna@igc.apc.org Mon May  3 21:21:36 1993
Received: from OES.ORST.EDU by SunSite.unc.edu (4.1/TAS/11-16-88)
	id AA08181; Mon, 3 May 93 13:59:18 EDT
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	id AA28985; Mon, 3 May 93 10:39:30 PDT
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Reply-To: Conference "panna.panups" <panna.panups@conf.igc.apc.org>
From: Pesticide Action Network North America Reg Ctr <panna@igc.apc.org>
Date: 03 May 93 10:30 PDT
Subject: PANUPS: Methyl Bromide Update
To: Recipients of conference "panna.panups" <panna.panups@conf.igc.apc.org>
Message-Id: <1803300018%igc.apc.org@igc.apc.org>
Sender: Conference to Mail Gateway <conf2mail@igc.apc.org>
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Sender: mail2conf@igc.apc.org
Resent-To: Moderator of conference bitl.sanet <sanet-mg@oes.orst.edu>
Status: RO
X-Status: 


=============================================================
   PESTICIDE ACTION NETWORK NORTH AMERICA UPDATES SERVICE
=============================================================

Methyl Bromide Phase Out Update

May 3, 1993

	In November 1992, the 81 signatory countries (Parties) 
to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the 
Ozone Layer listed the fumigant methyl bromide as an ozone 
depleter. Timelines for use and production phase outs will 
be considered at the 1995 Montreal Protocol meeting. Between 
now and 1995, the Parties are to "make every effort to 
reduce emissions of and to recover, recycle and reclaim, 
methyl bromide." By 1995, each Party is to limit methyl 
bromide production to its 1991 level, with the exception of 
amounts used for "quarantine and pre-shipment applications" 
(i.e., fumigating traded commodities to kill all organisms 
that might be carried to another country).
	A Technical Options Committee has been formed to 
prepare a report by November 1994 on the feasibility of 
limiting emissions and using chemical and non-chemical 
alternatives to methyl bromide. The Committee will meet 
approximately five times in 1993 and 1994. The first meeting 
was held in The Netherlands on March 24-29, 1993. The 
Committee is heavily dominated by northern governmental and 
business representatives. 
	Information from NGOs on alternatives to methyl bromide 
use will be critical to this process, because the worldwide 
phase out timetable will be set according to availability of 
alternatives. PAN North America is represented on this 
committee, as are two other North American NGOs. No 
developing country NGOs are currently represented, in part 
due to the lack of committed funds.
	The Montreal Protocol process provides for 10-year 
extensions on phase out schedules in developing countries, 
leaving workers exposed to methyl bromide far longer in 
these countries. Most methyl bromide use in developing 
countries is for production of export commodities and 
fumigation to meet quarantine requirements of developed 
countries.
	Certain countries and regions are likely to influence 
the worldwide phase out through their own phase outs. In 
January 1993, the U.S. announced that it will halt all 
production and use of methyl bromide by January 1, 2000. 
Denmark has proposed regulations that will ban most uses of 
methyl bromide by January 1, 1996, and remaining uses by 
January 1, 1998. The European Community (EC) was considering 
50% production and use cuts by 2000, but France (which is 
51% owner of Atochem, the ECUs largest methyl bromide 
producer) stalled the process in March 1993. (See Global 
Pesticide Campaigner 8/92, 11/92, 2/93)

Source/contact: Mary OUBrien, c/o PAN North America Regional 
Center.

=============================================================
The Pesticide Action Network North America Updates Service 
(PANUPS) is a pesticide-related news service from the 
Pesticide Action Network (PAN) North American Regional 
Center.  PANUPS is posted weekly on EcoNet, the APC computer 
network, RTK NET, GeoNet/GEO2, the ECONET echo on FidoNet, 
the Sustainable Agriculture Network (SANET) on BitNet, and on 
PENpages. It is available free by electronic distribution.  
Hard-copy complimentations are also available. For info: PAN 
NA RC, 965 Mission Street #514, San Francisco, CA 94103. Tel: 
(415) 541-9140. Fax: (415) 541-9253. Telex: 156283472 PANNA. 
E-mail address on EcoNet: panna@igc.apc.org
=============================================================


From panna@igc.apc.org Mon May 10 21:53:12 1993
Received: from OES.ORST.EDU by SunSite.unc.edu (4.1/TAS/11-16-88)
	id AA06875; Mon, 10 May 93 15:56:29 EDT
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  (5.65b/IDA-1.4.3); Mon, 10 May 93 12:08:16 -0700
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	id AA26571; Mon, 10 May 93 12:08:08 PDT
Errors-To: panna@igc.apc.org
Reply-To: Conference "panna.panups" <panna.panups@conf.igc.apc.org>
From: Pesticide Action Network North America Reg Ctr <panna@igc.apc.org>
Date: 10 May 93 11:49 PDT
Subject: PANUPS: FASE Report
To: Recipients of conference "panna.panups" <panna.panups@conf.igc.apc.org>
Message-Id: <1803300019%igc.apc.org@igc.apc.org>
Sender: Conference to Mail Gateway <conf2mail@igc.apc.org>
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Status: RO
X-Status: 


=========================================================================
        PESTICIDE ACTION NETWORK NORTH AMERICA UPDATES SERVICE
=========================================================================

U.S. Exports of Banned, Unregistered Pesticides Increase

May 10, 1993

	Exports of banned and hazardous pesticides from U.S. ports rose by 
12% in 1991 compared to 1990 figures, according to U.S. government 
records analyzed by the Foundation for Advancements in Science and 
Education (FASE) in the recently released study "Exporting Banned and 
Hazardous Pesticide, 1991 Statistics."  Pesticides whose use is 
illegal in the U.S. were exported from U.S. ports at a rate of 15 tons 
per day in 1991.  This figure includes more than 96 tons of the 
insecticide DDT, banned for more than 20 years in the U.S.  

 The report's findings include:

--  5.7 million pounds of pesticides that have never had a U.S. 
registration were exported in 1991, an increase of approximately 19% 
over 1990 totals.  

--  At least 6.6 million pounds of the severely restricted pesticides 
chlordane, heptachlor, and carbofuran were shipped from U.S. ports the 
same year, at a rate of 9 tons a day.  ("Severely restricted" pesticides 
are defined as pesticides for which most registered uses have been 
prohibited by government regulatory action, but for which certain 
specific registered use or uses remain authorized.)

--  FASE researchers also identified shipments of an additional 41 
million pounds of pesticides considered so hazardous that only 
government-certified specialists are allowed to use them, equivalent 
to an export rate of nearly 5,000 pounds per hour throughout the year.

	This is the organization's second annual review of U.S. pesticide 
exports.  The FASE studies are based on analysis of U.S. Customs 
shipping records, the only public source of data on pesticide exports. 
As in 1990, the investigators found disturbing gaps in the records; for 
example, the names of more than 74% of the 477 million pounds of 
pesticides exported in 1991 were not recorded.  Given the extent of 
the missing data, it is possible that the volume of traffic in 
hazardous pesticides may be even greater than Customs records 
indicate.  If the pesticides named in shipping records provide an 
accurate cross-section of those whose names are withheld, for 
example, the actual volume could be four times the amount identified 
by the shipping documents.
	FASE Project Director Carl Smith notes that the majority of these 
banned and hazardous pesticides were shipped to developing 
countries, where unsafe storage and application practices are 
common.  According to the British Journal of Industrial Medicine, 
although industrialized countries account for 80% of world 
agricultural chemical use, more than 99% of all deaths from pesticide 
poisoning occur in developing countries.  "This isn't just exporting 
chemicals.  This is trafficking poisons," says Carl Smith.  "Any trade 
in pesticides considered unsafe for Americans is unacceptable, and 
these rates are disgraceful.  American companies are knowingly 
shipping dangerous products to regions where they will not be safely 
used."
	
Contact/source:  Carl Smith, Project Director; FASE, 4801 Wilshire 
Blvd. Suite 215, Los Angeles, CA 90010, USA; phone (213) 937-9911; 
fax (213) 937-7440.
============================================================================
The Pesticide Action Network North America Updates Service (PANUPS) is a 
pesticide-related news service from the Pesticide Action Network (PAN) 
North American Regional Center.  PANUPS is posted weekly on EcoNet, the 
APC computer network, RTK NET, GeoNet/GEO2, the ECONET echo on 
FidoNet, the Sustainable Agriculture Network (SANET) on BitNet, and on 
PENpages. It is available free by electronic distribution.  Hard-copy 
complimentations are also available. For info: PAN NA RC, 965 Mission 
Street #514, San Francisco, CA 94103. Tel: (415) 541-9140. Fax: (415) 541-9253. 
Telex: 156283472 PANNA. E-mail address on EcoNet: panna@igc.apc.org
============================================================================


From panna@igc.apc.org Mon May 10 21:53:18 1993
Received: from OES.ORST.EDU by SunSite.unc.edu (4.1/TAS/11-16-88)
	id AA09929; Mon, 10 May 93 16:01:27 EDT
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  (5.65b/IDA-1.4.3); Mon, 10 May 93 12:19:18 -0700
Received: by igc.apc.org (4.1/Revision: 1.80 )
	id AA28766; Mon, 10 May 93 12:19:20 PDT
Resent-Date: 10 May 93 11:49 PDT
Resent-Message-Id: <9305101919.AA28766@igc.apc.org>
Errors-To: panna@igc.apc.org
X-From_: notes  Mon May 10 12:19:08 1993
Received: from OES.ORST.EDU by igc.apc.org (4.1/Revision: 1.80 )
	id AA28722; Mon, 10 May 93 12:19:08 PDT
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  (5.65b/IDA-1.4.3); Mon, 10 May 93 12:08:16 -0700
Received: by igc.apc.org (4.1/Revision: 1.80 )
	id AA26571; Mon, 10 May 93 12:08:08 PDT
Errors-To: panna@igc.apc.org
Reply-To: Conference "panna.panups" <panna.panups@conf.igc.apc.org>
From: Pesticide Action Network North America Reg Ctr <panna@igc.apc.org>
Date: 10 May 93 11:49 PDT
Subject: PANUPS: FASE Report
To: Recipients of conference "panna.panups" <panna.panups@conf.igc.apc.org>
Message-Id: <1803300019%igc.apc.org@igc.apc.org>
Sender: Conference to Mail Gateway <conf2mail@igc.apc.org>
Errors-To: panna@igc.apc.org
Sender: mail2conf@igc.apc.org
Resent-To: Moderator of conference bitl.sanet <sanet-mg@oes.orst.edu>
Status: RO
X-Status: 


=========================================================================
        PESTICIDE ACTION NETWORK NORTH AMERICA UPDATES SERVICE
=========================================================================

U.S. Exports of Banned, Unregistered Pesticides Increase

May 10, 1993

	Exports of banned and hazardous pesticides from U.S. ports rose by 
12% in 1991 compared to 1990 figures, according to U.S. government 
records analyzed by the Foundation for Advancements in Science and 
Education (FASE) in the recently released study "Exporting Banned and 
Hazardous Pesticide, 1991 Statistics."  Pesticides whose use is 
illegal in the U.S. were exported from U.S. ports at a rate of 15 tons 
per day in 1991.  This figure includes more than 96 tons of the 
insecticide DDT, banned for more than 20 years in the U.S.  

 The report's findings include:

--  5.7 million pounds of pesticides that have never had a U.S. 
registration were exported in 1991, an increase of approximately 19% 
over 1990 totals.  

--  At least 6.6 million pounds of the severely restricted pesticides 
chlordane, heptachlor, and carbofuran were shipped from U.S. ports the 
same year, at a rate of 9 tons a day.  ("Severely restricted" pesticides 
are defined as pesticides for which most registered uses have been 
prohibited by government regulatory action, but for which certain 
specific registered use or uses remain authorized.)

--  FASE researchers also identified shipments of an additional 41 
million pounds of pesticides considered so hazardous that only 
government-certified specialists are allowed to use them, equivalent 
to an export rate of nearly 5,000 pounds per hour throughout the year.

	This is the organization's second annual review of U.S. pesticide 
exports.  The FASE studies are based on analysis of U.S. Customs 
shipping records, the only public source of data on pesticide exports. 
As in 1990, the investigators found disturbing gaps in the records; for 
example, the names of more than 74% of the 477 million pounds of 
pesticides exported in 1991 were not recorded.  Given the extent of 
the missing data, it is possible that the volume of traffic in 
hazardous pesticides may be even greater than Customs records 
indicate.  If the pesticides named in shipping records provide an 
accurate cross-section of those whose names are withheld, for 
example, the actual volume could be four times the amount identified 
by the shipping documents.
	FASE Project Director Carl Smith notes that the majority of these 
banned and hazardous pesticides were shipped to developing 
countries, where unsafe storage and application practices are 
common.  According to the British Journal of Industrial Medicine, 
although industrialized countries account for 80% of world 
agricultural chemical use, more than 99% of all deaths from pesticide 
poisoning occur in developing countries.  "This isn't just exporting 
chemicals.  This is trafficking poisons," says Carl Smith.  "Any trade 
in pesticides considered unsafe for Americans is unacceptable, and 
these rates are disgraceful.  American companies are knowingly 
shipping dangerous products to regions where they will not be safely 
used."
	
Contact/source:  Carl Smith, Project Director; FASE, 4801 Wilshire 
Blvd. Suite 215, Los Angeles, CA 90010, USA; phone (213) 937-9911; 
fax (213) 937-7440.
============================================================================
The Pesticide Action Network North America Updates Service (PANUPS) is a 
pesticide-related news service from the Pesticide Action Network (PAN) 
North American Regional Center.  PANUPS is posted weekly on EcoNet, the 
APC computer network, RTK NET, GeoNet/GEO2, the ECONET echo on 
FidoNet, the Sustainable Agriculture Network (SANET) on BitNet, and on 
PENpages. It is available free by electronic distribution.  Hard-copy 
complimentations are also available. For info: PAN NA RC, 965 Mission 
Street #514, San Francisco, CA 94103. Tel: (415) 541-9140. Fax: (415) 541-9253. 
Telex: 156283472 PANNA. E-mail address on EcoNet: panna@igc.apc.org
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