Politics and Government
-
Burma/Myanmar's Legislature
-
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw (Union Assembly)
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Pyidaungsu Hluttaw (meeting in plenary): - proceedings
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Pyidaungsu Hluttaw: Laws and bylaws proposed and/or adopted in 2013
The rules/bylaws/regulations etc. are in the hands of the various ministries rather than the hluttaws', but since they are so closely tied to specific bills (proposed legislation) and laws (adopted legislation), they are included here for convenience.
Individual Documents
| Title: | | ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT RULES - DRAFT |
| Date of publication: | | 25 March 2013 |
| Description/subject: | | "Pursuant
to
Section
?
of
the
Law
there
shall
be
established
a
system
of
environmental
impact
assessment
which
shall
require
any
proposed
project
or
business
or
activity
or
undertaking
in
Myanmar
by
any
ministry,
government
department,
corporation,
board,
development
committee,
local
authority,
company,
cooperative,
institution,
enterprise,
firm
or
individual
likely
to
have
a
significant
impact
on
the
environment
to
obtain
approval
for
its
implementation
in
accordance
with
these
Rules..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry, Government of the Union of Myanma |
| Format/size: | | pdf (160K) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.aecen.org/sites/default/files/draft_eia_rules.pdf |
| Date of entry/update: | | 17 May 2013 |
|
| Title: | | Myanmar Press Law Bill - First Draft (English and Burmese) |
| Date of publication: | | February 2013 |
| Description/subject: | | This is the first draft of the legislation designed to replace the Printers and Publishers Registration Law
of 1962... Does anyone know the date and location of the Burmese text ("Myanmar Alin"? Kyemon"?) |
| Language: | | English, Burmese/ ျမန္မာဘာသာ |
| Source/publisher: | | Burmese Parliament via Article 19 (Unofficial English translation |
| Format/size: | | pdf (3.35MB) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 05 March 2013 |
|
| Title: | | Stipulation of types of economic activities [under the Foreign Investment Law] (English) |
| Date of publication: | | 31 January 2013 |
| Description/subject: | | "The Republic of the Union of Myanmar, Myanmar Investment Commission, in exercise of
the powers conferred under Section 56, subsection (b) of the Foreign Investment Law
,
in
stipulating the applicable business under Chapter 2 of the Foreign Investment Law,
and
with
the approval of
the Union Government,
prescribes the list of economic activities which are
prohibited, the list of economic activities which are allowed only in joint ventures with
Myanmar nationals, and the list of economic activities which are allowed in accordance with
certain
separately stipulated conditions. ..." |
| Language: | | English, |
| Source/publisher: | | Myanmar Investment Commission: Notification No. 1/2013 |
| Format/size: | | pdf (317K-English) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 28 April 2013 |
|
| Title: | | The Foreign Investment Rules - Ministry of National Planning and Economic Development, Notification No.11/2013 (English) |
| Date of publication: | | 31 January 2013 |
| Description/subject: | | DRAFT 3
/0
7
-
02
-
20
13
(Unofficial Translation of the
“
Official Myanmar Version
”
)
847575_3.doc
1
Government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar
Ministry of National Planning and Economic Development
Notification No.11/2013
(31 January 2013)
The Ministry of National Planning and Economic Development, in exercise of the powers
conferred under Sect
ion 56, sub
-
clause (a) of the Myanmar Foreign Investment Law, and
with the approval of the Union Government, prescribes the following rules: |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Ministry of National Planning and Economic Development |
| Format/size: | | pdf (292K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 28 April 2013 |
|
-
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw: Laws and bylaws proposed and/or adopted in 2012
The rules/bylaws/regulations etc. are in the hands of the various ministries rather than the hluttaws, but since they are so closely tied to specific bills (proposed legislation) and laws (adopted legislation), they are included here for convenience.
Individual Documents
| Title: | | Law Amending 1955 Government Housing (Expelling) Act - Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law No. 16/2012 (Burmese) |
| Date of publication: | | 02 September 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | Adopted: 31, August 2012 ... ၁၉၅၅ခုႏွစ္၊ အစိုးရအိမ္ဥပစာ (ႏွင္ထုတ္ျခင္း) အက္ဥပေဒကို ျပင္ဆင္သည့္ ဥပေဒ (၂၀၁၂ ခုႏွစ္ ျပည္ေထာင္စု လႊတ္ေတာ္ ဥပေဒ အမွတ္ ၁၆။) ၁၃၇၄ ခုႏွစ္၊ ဝါေခါင္လဆန္း ၁၄ ရက္ (၂ဝ၁၂ ခုႏွစ္၊ ၾသဂုတ္လ ၃၁ ရက္) |
| Language: | | Burmese/ ျမန္မာဘာသာ |
| Source/publisher: | | "The Mirror" ("Kyemon") ေၾကးမံု 2 September 2012 |
| Format/size: | | pdf (63K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 08 September 2012 |
|
| Title: | | Farmland Rules - Notification No 62/2012 (English) |
| Date of publication: | | 31 August 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | Notification No 62/2012 -
14 Waxing Wagaung 1374 ME
(31, August, 2012) -
Designating the Date of Coming into Force of Farm Land Law...The Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation promulgated the following rules by using the
power vested by the section-42, sub-section (a) of farm land law with the approval of
Pyidaungsu Government....
1. These rules shall be called farm land rules.
2. The words and expressions contained in these rules shall mean as contained
in Farm Land Law. And the following words shall mean as described..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | The Republic of the Union of Myanmar President Office |
| Format/size: | | pdf (159K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 14 January 2013 |
|
| Title: | | Farmland Rules - Notification No. 62/2012 (Burmese/ ျမန္မာဘာသာ) |
| Date of publication: | | 31 August 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | ျပည္ေထာင္စုသမၼတျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံေတာ္အစိုးရ
လယ္ယာစိုက္ပ်ိဳးေရးႏွင့္
ဆည္ေျမာင္းဝန္ႀကီးဌာန
အမိန္
ေၾကာ္ျငာစာအမွတ္
၂
/
၂၀၁၂
၁၃၇၄
ခုႏွစ္၊
ဝါေခါင္လဆန္း
၁၄
ရက္
(
၂၀၁၂
ခုႏွစ္၊
ဩဂုတ္လ
၃၁
ရက္
)
လယ္ယာစိုက္ပ်ိဳးေရးႏွင့္
ဆည္ေျမာင္းဝန္ႀကီးဌာနသည္
လယ္ယာေျမဥပေဒပုဒ္မ
၄၂၊
ပုဒ္မခြဲ
(
က
)
အရအပ္ႏွင္းေသာ
လုပ္ပိုင္ခြင့္ကို
က်င့္သံုး၍
ျပည္ေထာင္စုအစိုးရအဖြဲ
႔၏
သေဘာတူညီခ်က္ျဖင္
႕
ေ
အာက္ပါနည္းဥပေဒမ်ားကို
ထုတ္ျပန္လိုက္သည္ |
| Language: | | Burmese/ ျမန္မာဘာသာ |
| Source/publisher: | | Myanmar Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation |
| Format/size: | | pdf (189K-OBL version; 213K-original) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://myanmarpoliceforce.org/images/pdf/35.pdf |
| Date of entry/update: | | 02 June 2013 |
|
| Title: | | Vacant, Fallow and Virgin Lands Management Rules - Notification No. 1/2012 (English) |
| Date of publication: | | 31 August 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | The Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation, exercising its given rights, and with the approval of
the Union Government, has issued the following rules in accordance with Section 34, Subsection
(a) of the Vacant, Fallow and Virgin Lands Management Law - 1. These rules shall be called the Vacant, Fallow and Virgin Lands Management Rules.
2. The terms and expressions used in these rules shall have the same meaning as used in the
Vacant, Fallow and Virgin Lands Management Law. In addition, the following expressions shall
have the meanings as stated below: |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | The Republic of the Union of Myanmar Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation (Unofficial Translation by UN-Habitat) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (295K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 14 January 2013 |
|
| Title: | | Anti-Bribery Bill / လဒ္ေပးလဒ္ယူမႈ ပေပ်ာက္ေရး ဥပေဒၾကမ္း (Burmese) |
| Date of publication: | | 02 August 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | Revoking Anti-Corruption Act of 1948 by this law.... ၁၉၄၈ ခုႏွစ္ အဂတိလိုက္စားမႈ တားျမစ္ေရး အက္ဥပေဒ (ဥပေဒ အမွတ္ ၆၇ / ၄၈) ကို ဤဥပေဒ ျဖင့္ ရုပ္သိမ္းလိုက္သည္ |
| Language: | | Burmese/ ျမန္မာဘာသာ |
| Source/publisher: | | "Myanmar Alin" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (1.15MB) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 22 September 2012 |
|
| Title: | | Regulations relating to the Right to Peaceful Assembly and Peaceful Procession, 5 July 2012 (Burmese) |
| Date of publication: | | 10 July 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | Government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, Ministry of Interior, Order No. 364/ 2012, Nay Pyi Daw, 5 July 2012..... ၿငိမ္းခ်မ္းစြာ စုေ၀းခြင့္ ႏွင့္ ၿငိမ္းခ်မ္းစြာ စီတန္းလွည့္လည္ခြင့္ ဆိုင္ရာ နည္းဥပေဒမ်ား - ျပည္ေထာင္စု သမၼတ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံ ေတာ္အစိုးရ၊ ျပည္ထဲေရးဝန္ႀကီးဌာန၊ အမိန္႔ ေၾကာ္ျငာစာအမွတ္ ၃၆၄/၂ဝ၁၂၊ ေနျပည္ေတာ္၊ ၁၃၇၄ ခုႏွစ္၊ ပထမဝါဆုိလျပည့္ေက်ာ္ ၂ ရက္၊ (၂ဝ၁၂ ခုႏွစ္၊ ဇူလိုင္လ ၅ ရက္) |
| Author/creator: | | Myanmar Ministry of the Interior |
| Language: | | Burmese/ ျမန္မာဘာသာ |
| Source/publisher: | | "The Mirror" ("Kyemon") ေၾကးမံု 10 July 2012 |
| Format/size: | | pdf (118K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 08 September 2012 |
|
| Title: | | Families of Disabled or Deceased Soldiers Supporting Act - Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law No. 8/2012 / (Burmese) |
| Date of publication: | | 31 March 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | Adopted 31 March 2012...
မသန္မစြမ္းျဖစ္သြားေသာ တပ္မေတာ္သားမ်ားႏွင္႕ ေသဆံုးေသာ သို့မဟုတ္ က်ဆံုးေသာ တပ္မေတာ္သားမ်ား၏ မိသားစုမ်ား အား ေထာက္ပံ႕ေစာင္႕ေရွာက္ေရးဥပေဒ...
(၂ဝ၁၂ ခုႏွစ္၊ ျပည္ေထာင္စုလႊတ္ေတာ္ဥပေဒအမွတ္ ၈။)...
၁၃၇၃ ခုႏွစ္၊ တန္ခူးလဆန္း ရက္...
(၂ဝ၁၂ ခုႏွစ္၊ မတ္လ ၃ဝ ရက္)... |
| Language: | | Burmese/ ျမန္မာဘာသာ |
| Source/publisher: | | "The Mirror" ("Kyemon") ေၾကးမံု 31 March 2012 |
| Format/size: | | pdf (222K) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs13/Families_of_Disabled_or_Deceased_Soldiers_Supporting_Act(bu).pdf |
| Date of entry/update: | | 29 April 2012 |
|
| Title: | | Environment Conservation Law - Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law No. 9/2012 (English and Burmese) |
| Date of publication: | | 30 March 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | Adopted 20 March 2012, published 1 April 2012....."The objectives of this Law are as follows:
(a) to enable to implement the Myanmar National Environmental Policy;
(b) to enable to lay down the basic principles and give guidance for systematic
integration of the matters of environmental conservation in the sustainable
development process;
(c) to enable to emerge a healthy and clean environment and to enable to
conserve natural and cultural heritage for the benefit of present and future
generations;
(d) to reclaim ecosystems as may be possible which are starting to degenerate
and disappear;
(e) to enable to manage and implement for decrease and loss of natural
resources and for enabling the sustainable use beneficially;
(f) to enable to implement for promoting public awareness and cooperation in
educational programmes for dissemination of environmental perception;
(g) to enable to promote international, regional and bilateral cooperation in the
matters of environmental conservation;
(h) to enable to cooperate with Government departments, Government
organizations, international organizations, non-government organizations
and individuals in matters of environmental conservation..." |
| Language: | | English, Burmese/ ျမန္မာဘာသာ |
| Source/publisher: | | Pyidaungsu Hluttaw |
| Format/size: | | pdf (58K-English; 215K-Burmese) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs13/Environment_Conservation_Act-bu.pdf |
| Date of entry/update: | | 17 May 2013 |
|
| Title: | | Farmland Act - Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law No. 11/2012 / လယ္ယာေျမ ဥပေဒ (၂၀၁၂ ခုႏွစ္ မတ္လ ၃၀ ရက္) (Burmese) |
| Date of publication: | | 30 March 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | Adopted 30 March 2012...This law repeals: (a) The Land Nationalization Act of 1953; (b) The 1963 Tenancy Law; (c) The Law Safeguarding Peasant Rights, 1963. / ၂၀၁၂ ခုႏွစ္၊ ျပည္ေထာင္စု လႊတ္ေတာ္ ဥပေဒ အမွတ္ ၁၁။... ၁၃၇၃ ခုႏွစ္၊ တန္ခူးလဆန္း ၈ ရက္... (၂၀၁၂ ခုႏွစ္ မတ္လ ၃၀ ရက္)... ေအာက္ပါဥပေဒမ်ားကို ဤဥပေဒျဖင့္ ႐ုပ္သိမ္းလိုက္သည္-
(က) ၁၉၅၃ ခုႏွစ္၊ လယ္ယာေျမႏိုင္ငံပိုင္ျပဳလုပ္ေရးအက္ဥပေဒ၊
(ခ) ၁၉၆၃ ခုႏွစ္၊ သီးစားခ်ထားေရးဥပေဒ၊
(ဂ) ၁၉၆၃ ခုႏွစ္၊ ေတာင္သူလယ္သမား အခြင့္အေရးကာကြယ္သည့္
ဥပေဒ။ |
| Language: | | Burmese/ ျမန္မာဘာသာ |
| Source/publisher: | | "The Mirror" ("Kyemon") ေၾကးမံု 3 April 2012 |
| Format/size: | | pdf (143K-"Mirror" version; 125K, Alternate URL)) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs13/Farmland_Act%28bu%29.pdf |
| Date of entry/update: | | 05 April 2012 |
|
| Title: | | Union Budget Law 2012 - Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law No. 6/2012 /၂ဝ၁၂ ခုႏွစ္၊ ျပည္ေထာင္စု၏ ဘ႑ာေငြအရအသုံးဆုိင္ရာဥပေဒ(Burmese) |
| Date of publication: | | 30 March 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | Adopted 28 March 2012... (.pdf file in Alternate URLs has no Annex)
(၂ဝ၁၂ ခုႏွစ္၊ ျပည္ေထာင္စုလႊတ္ေတာ္ဥပေဒအမွတ္ ၆။)
၁၃၇၃ ခုႏွစ္၊ တန္ခူးလဆန္း ၆ ရက္
(၂ဝ၁၂ ခုႏွစ္၊ မတ္လ ၂၈ ရက္) |
| Language: | | Burmese/ ျမန္မာဘာသာ |
| Source/publisher: | | "Myanmar Alin" 30. 3. 2012 ျမန္မာ့အလင္းသတင္းစာ |
| Format/size: | | pdf (341K) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs13/Union_Budget_Law_2012(bu).pdf |
| Date of entry/update: | | 29 April 2012 |
|
| Title: | | Ward and Village Administration Amending Act -Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law No. 7/2012 (Burmese) |
| Date of publication: | | 30 March 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | Adopted 30 March 2012... ရပ္ကြက္ သို႔မဟုတ္ ေက်းရြာအုပ္စု အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ေရးဥပေဒကို ျပင္ဆင္သည့္ ဥပေဒ...
(၂ဝ၁၂ ခုႏွစ္၊ ျပည္ေထာင္စုလႊတ္ေတာ္ဥပေဒအမွတ္ ၇။)...
၁၃၇၃ ခုႏွစ္၊ တန္ခူးလဆန္း ၆ ရက္...
(၂ဝ၁၂ ခုႏွစ္၊ မတ္လ ၂၈ ရက္)... |
| Language: | | Burmese/ ျမန္မာဘာသာ |
| Source/publisher: | | "Myanmar Alin" 30. 3. 2012 ျမန္မာ့အလင္းသတင္းစာ |
| Format/size: | | pdf (191K) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs13/Ward_and_Village_Administration_Amending_Act(bu).pdf |
| Date of entry/update: | | 29 April 2012 |
|
| Title: | | Labour Disputes Settlement Act - Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law No. 5/2012 - အလုပ္သမားေရးရာ အျငင္းပြားမႈေျဖရွင္းေရး ဥပေဒ (bu +en) |
| Date of publication: | | 29 March 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | Adopted 28 March 2012...(၂၀၁၂ ခုႏွစ္၊ ျပည္ေထာင္စုလႊတ္ေတာ္ ဥပေဒအမွတ္ ၅။)၁၃၇၃ ခုႏွစ္၊ တန္ခူးလဆန္း ၆ ရက္ (၂၀၁၂ ခုႏွစ္၊ မတ္လ ၂၈ ရက္) နိဒါန္း- အလုပ္သမားမ်ား၏ အခြင့္ အေရးကို ကာကြယ္ေစာင့္ေရွာက္ရန္ လည္ေကာင္း၊ အလုပ္ရွင္ႏွင့္ အလုပ္သမားမ်ားအၾကား ဆက္ဆံေရး ေကာင္းမြန္ၿပီး လုပ္ငန္းခြင္ ေအးခ်မ္းသာယာေစရန္ လည္းေကာင္း၊ အလုပ္ရွင္ႏွင့္ အလုပ္သမားအျငင္းပြားမႈအား တရားမွ်တစြာ ေျဖရွင္းေဆာင္ရြက္ေပးျခင္းျဖင့္ ရပိုင္ခြင့္မ်ားကို မွ်တမွန္ကန္စြာႏွင့္ ျမန္ဆန္စြာ ရရွိခံစားေစႏိုင္ရန္လည္းေကာင္း ျပည္ေထာင္စု လႊတ္ေတာ္သည္ ဤဥပေဒကိုျပ႒ာန္းလိုက္သည္။ ...Its relationship with the 1929 Trade Disputes Act is rather confusing - although that Act is apparently repealed by this new legislation, Law 5/2012 provides that some regulations, procedures and orders in the 1929 Act may be practiced as long as they do not contradict the new Act. |
| Language: | | Burmese/ ျမန္မာဘာသာ, English |
| Source/publisher: | | "The Mirror" ("Kyemon") ေၾကးမံု 29 March 2012 |
| Format/size: | | pdf (147K-Burmese; 66K-English) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs13/Labour_Disputes_Settlement_Act-2012-en.pdf |
| Date of entry/update: | | 31 March 2012 |
|
| Title: | | Ward or Village Administration Law - Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law No. 1/2012 (English |
| Date of publication: | | 24 February 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | Date of adoption, 24 February 2012. Date of publication 25 February...We are not 100% sure if this English version is of the adopted law or if there were amendments...this version is a bit blurry with Firefox. Try Chrome or IE. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Pyidaungsu Hluttaw |
| Format/size: | | pdf (602K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 16 May 2013 |
|
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Pyidaungsu Hluttaw: Laws adopted in 2011
Individual Documents
| Title: | | Right to Peaceful Assembly and Peaceful Procession Act - Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law No. 15/2011 (English) |
| Date of publication: | | 02 December 2011 |
| Description/subject: | | "...In Article 354 Section (B) of the Union Republic of Myanmar Constitution Law, it is prescribed that if
not contrary to the laws enacted for Union security, rule of law, community peace and tranquility, or
public morality, every citizen shall be at liberty to assemble and hold a procession peacefully without
arms. So that citizens can exercise these rights legally, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw has enacted this law...
1. This law shall be called the law of peaceful assembly and peaceful procession..." ... Approved by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw on 2 December 2011 |
| Language: | | English (unofficial translation?) |
| Source/publisher: | | Pyidaungsu Hluttaw |
| Format/size: | | pdf (69K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 18 May 2013 |
|
| Title: | | Law Amending the Division Regional or State Parliament Election Law - Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law No. 10/2011 (Burmese) |
| Date of publication: | | 19 October 2011 |
| Description/subject: | | Adopted 18 October 2011...
တုိင္းေဒသႀကီးလႊတ္ေတာ္ သုိ့မဟုတ္ ျပည္နယ္လႊတ္ေတာ္
ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲဥပေဒကုိ ျပင္ဆင္သည္႕ဥပေဒ...
(၂ဝ၁၁ ခုႏွစ္၊ ျပည္ေထာင္စုလႊတ္ေတာ္ဥပေဒ အမွတ္ ၁ဝ။)...
၁၃၇၃ ခုႏွစ္၊ သီတင္းကြၽတ္လျပည္႕ေက်ာ္ ၆ ရက္...
(၂ဝ၁၁ ခုႏွစ္၊ ေအာက္တုိဘာလ ၁၈ ရက္)... |
| Language: | | Burmese/ ျမန္မာဘာသာ |
| Source/publisher: | | "The Mirror" ("Kyemon") ေၾကးမံု 19 October 2011 |
| Format/size: | | pdf (116K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 29 April 2012 |
|
| Title: | | The Labour Organization Law - Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law No. 7/2011 အလုပ္သမားအဖြဲ႔အစည္း ဥပေဒ (Burmese) |
| Date of publication: | | 12 October 2011 |
| Description/subject: | | (၂ဝ၁၁ ခုႏွစ္၊ ျပည္ေထာင္စုလႊတ္ေတာ္ ဥပေဒအမွတ္ ၇။)...
၁၃၇၃ ခုႏွစ္၊ သီတင္းကြၽတ္လဆန္း ၁၄ ရက္...
(၂ဝ၁၁ ခုႏွစ္၊ ေအာက္တုိဘာလ ၁၁ ရက္)...
This law was adopted on the 11th of October 2011 and came into force on the 9th of March 2012, though it is unclear whether the Legislature has adopted all enabling regulations (an amended Trade Disputes Act was enacted 28 March 2012) containing elements like the conciliation mechanisms referred to in the LOL. ...Apologies for the poor graphic quality of the Burmese text. There are also some errors in translation in the (official) English version --- Para 5 should read: ".......carry out its activities under its ....." and Para 48 should read: "....shall not be used for any other purpose than the matters provided....." These mistakes will no doubt be corrected in a future version.....The Alternate URL contains the same text, but as transmitted to the ILO with cover letter from the Myanmar Mission, Geneva. |
| Language: | | Burmese/ ျမန္မာဘာသာ |
| Source/publisher: | | Pyidaungsu Hluttaw |
| Format/size: | | pdf (118K) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs12/Labour_Organization_Law%20No.7-2011(bu)-ocr-red.pdf |
| Date of entry/update: | | 23 December 2011 |
|
| Title: | | The Labour Organization Law - Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law No. 7/2011 (English) |
| Date of publication: | | 11 October 2011 |
| Description/subject: | | Official version (on the site of the Ministry of labour)... This law came into force on the 9th March 2012, though it is not entirely clear to the Librarian whether the Legislature has adopted the enabling regulations and whether the amended Trade Disputes Act (now called The Settlement of Labour Dispute Law) contains all the conciliation mechanisms referred to in the LOL. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, via Ministry of Labour |
| Format/size: | | pdf (62K) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.mol.gov.mm/en/the-labour-organization-law/ |
| Date of entry/update: | | 23 December 2011 |
|
| Title: | | The Law Revoking the Revenue Law - Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law No. 1/2011 (English) |
| Date of publication: | | 29 September 2011 |
| Description/subject: | | Pyidaungsu Hluttaw
The Law Revoking the Revenue Law
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law No. 1/2011
2nd Waxing of Thadingyut 1373 ME
(29 September, 2011) |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Pyidaungsu Hluttaw |
| Format/size: | | pdf (46K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 31 May 2013 |
|
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Pyidaungsu Hluttaw: Fifth regular session, 2012 - proceedings
Individual Documents
| Title: | | Pyidaungsu Hluttaw holds its fifth day session |
| Date of publication: | | 15 November 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | Nay Pyi Taw, 14 Nov - The fifth day session of Pyidaungsu Hluttaw was held at Pyidaungsu Hluttaw
Hall of Hluttaw Complex, here, this morning, attended by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Speaker U Khin Aung
Mint, Pyithu Hluttaw Speaker Thura U Shwe Mann and 579 Pyidaungsu Hluttaw representatives. A
total of 31 teachers and students from ILBC (Nay Pyi Taw) observed the today’s Pyidaungsu Hluttaw
session. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Pyidaungsu Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (62K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 16 November 2012 |
|
| Title: | | Findings and comments of the Joint Bill Committee on Foreign Investment Bill read out (Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, 5th Session, day 1) |
| Date of publication: | | 23 October 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | NAY PYI TAW, 22 Oct—The first day of the fifth regular session of Pyidaungsu Hluttaw was held at
the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Hall of the Hluttaw Complex, here, at 10:10 am today, with attendance of
Speaker of Pyidaungsu Hluttaw U Khin Aung Myint, Pyithu Hluttaw Speaker Thura U Shwe Mann and
584 Mps, together with a 65-member observer group of Kokang Self-Administered Zone |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Pyidaungsu Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (63K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 14 November 2012 |
|
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Pyidaungsu Hluttaw: Fourth regular session, 2012 - proceedings
Individual Documents
| Title: | | Five bills approved at Pyidaungsu Hluttaw |
| Date of publication: | | 08 September 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | "...Staple Commodities and Service Law, Foreign Currency Management Law, the law
amending the 1995 Government Housing (Expelling), 2012 Social Security Law, and the law revoking
the Foreign Relations Act. Import, Export Bill has been sent to the President to seek his approval and
the Foreign Investment Bill approved today has still yet to be sent to the President..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Pyidaungsu Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (68K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 12 September 2012 |
|
| Title: | | Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, 7th day |
| Date of publication: | | 27 July 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | Each and every citizen needs to enjoy democratic rights and opportunities in
disciplined manners -
Incumbent government will have to continue confiscating lands to implement
projects, plans and undertakings in the interests of the people and the State -
Fair undertakings with goodwill which will profit the people, the country, the
Union will have to be welcomed [Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, 7th day] |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Pyidaungsu Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (75K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 August 2012 |
|
| Title: | | First day's Fourth Regular Session of First Pyidaungsu Hluttaw convened.... |
| Date of publication: | | 05 July 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | First day's Fourth Regular Session of First Pyidaungsu Hluttaw convened.
Messages put on record, proposal submitted to approve announcement of state of
emergency, establishment of diplomatic relations explained, announcement on
election of new Vice-President made, one new proposal submitted |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Pyidaungsu Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (72K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 19 July 2012 |
|
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Pyidaungsu Hluttaw: Third regular session, 2012 - proceedings
Individual Documents
| Title: | | 21st day session of Pyidaungsu Hluttaw held |
| Date of publication: | | 17 March 2012 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Pyidaungsu Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (73K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 17 March 2012 |
|
| Title: | | Pyidaungsu Hluttaw session continues for 14th day. |
| Date of publication: | | 24 February 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | Pyidaungsu Hluttaw session continues for 14th day.
Member of Joint Public Account Committee substituted and assigned,
decision made to discuss one proposal, one proposal approved, one bill discussed,
decision made to review one proposal, cancellation of one proposal announced. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Pyidaungsu Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (84K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 25 February 2012 |
|
| Title: | | Day 12 of Third Session of Pyidaungsu Hluttaw: Industrial development project to create synergic benefits such as creation of jobs for the people... |
| Date of publication: | | 17 February 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | Industrial development project to create synergic benefits such as creation of jobs for the people,
development of advanced technologies, independent production of machines, SME development
by manufacturing production lines on industrial scale nationwide and technical expertise to fulfill
the industrial requirements of the nation on own in the future. Measures should be taken to
initiate investments in industrial development, long-term nation objective.
Strategic view shows that the soonest the project is completed, the biggest the benefits to the State |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Pyidaungsu Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (94K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 21 February 2012 |
|
| Title: | | Day 12 of Third Session of Pyidaungsu Hluttaw: To be able to apply full capacity of dams completed by the former government,... |
| Date of publication: | | 17 February 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | To be able to apply full capacity of dams completed by the former government, irrigation
systems yet to be built, dilapidated facilities, and dams and canal systems needing repair
will continued to be implemented in order of priority with added momentum.
Projects to be implemented for agricultural development in long term national interest will be
reviewed in the interests of the people in light of all-round and farsightedness assessment |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Pyidaungsu Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (83K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 21 February 2012 |
|
| Title: | | 11th day session of Pyidaungsu Hluttaw continues |
| Date of publication: | | 15 February 2012 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Pyidaungsu Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (64K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 16 February 2012 |
|
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Pyidaungsu Hluttaw: First regular session, 2011 - proceedings
Individual Documents
| Title: | | First regular session of Pyidaungsu Hluttaw continues for 17th day |
| Date of publication: | | 30 March 2011 |
| Description/subject: | | Pyidaungsu Hluttaw records felicitations sent to
President and Vice-Presidents by international community
and to Pyidaungsu Hluttaw by USDP
Queries raised and answered, proposals submitted, Bill Joint
Committee, Public Accounts Joint Committee, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw
Representatives Vetting Committee formed |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Pyidaungsu Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (107K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 16 December 2011 |
|
| Title: | | Minister for Labour responds to question of Dr Myat Nyana Soe |
| Date of publication: | | 29 March 2011 |
| Description/subject: | | “call on the government to form a migrant workers, affairs department
under a suitable ministry" submitted by Dr Myat Nyana Soe of Yangon Region Constituency No.4. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Pyidaungsu Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (122K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 16 December 2011 |
|
| Title: | | Pyidaungsu Hluttaw representatives submit proposals. Approval sought at Pyidaungsu Hluttaw to discuss proposals |
| Date of publication: | | 25 March 2011 |
| Description/subject: | | "that this
Hluttaw objects the economic sanctions imposed against Myanmar."...“to urge the government for forming a Union level commission with the
participation of outside scholars to be able to support the government with wider observations,
suggestions and papers so as to carry out necessary reformation in realizing the market-oriented
economic system in conformity with the new system of the State”...“he called on the government to collect special important microeconomic index into
country’s economic management through accurate information and to form a national commission for
economic management to accurately calculate GDP”. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Pyidaungsu Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (64K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 16 December 2011 |
|
| Title: | | 13th-day regular session of First Pyidaungsu Hluttaw held. |
| Date of publication: | | 26 February 2011 |
| Description/subject: | | 13th-day regular session of First Pyidaungsu Hluttaw held.
Approval sought for appointment of members of Union Election Commission.
Regular sessions of Pyithu Hluttaw and Amyotha Hluttaw on 1st March
to form Hluttaw Committees and carry out Hluttaw functions |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Pyidaungsu Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (69K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 19 December 2011 |
|
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Amyotha Hluttaw (Nationalities' Assembly) - proceedings
-
Amyotha Hluttaw: Fifth regular session, 2012 - proceedings (
Individual Documents
| Title: | | Amyotha Hluttaw, 24 Union ministries held coordination meeting over remaining questions, proposals |
| Date of publication: | | 16 November 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | Nay Pyi Taw, 15 Nov - Amyotha Hluttaw held a meeting with Union ministries over the questions and
proposals which were not yet raised during the first, second, third and fourth regular sessions of
Amyotha Hluttaw at the Amyotha Hluttaw Building here at 1 pm today |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Amyotha Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (61K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 16 November 2012 |
|
| Title: | | Bill amending the Constitutional Tribunal Law discussed |
| Date of publication: | | 16 November 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | Nay Pyi Taw, 15 Nov - Amyotha Hluttaw Session continued for 13 days, at Amyotha Hluttaw Hall in
Hluttaw Building here, this morning attended by Amyotha Hluttaw Speaker U Khin Aung Myint and
195 representatives. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | News and Periodicals Enterprise, Ministry of Information, Union of Myanmar |
| Format/size: | | pdf (67K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 16 November 2012 |
|
| Title: | | Eleventh-day session of Amyotha Hluttaw continues |
| Date of publication: | | 09 November 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | Nay Pyi Taw, 8 Nov - Amyotha Hluttaw continued its eleventh-day session at Amyotha Hluttaw
Building in Hluttaw Complex here this morning, attended by Amyotha Hluttaw Speaker proposal
urging the Union Government to allow Region/State governments for granting permission for
formation of national race literature and cultural associations submitted by U Khet Htain Nan
(Secretary of National Race Affairs Committee) of Kachin State Constituency No (1). |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Amyotha Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (61K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 13 November 2012 |
|
| Title: | | Proposal to revoke Myanmar Citizenship Law -1882* put on record |
| Date of publication: | | 07 November 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | * This is clearly a mistake. 1982 is the date of Pyithu Hluttaw Law No. 4. The Online Burma/Myanmar
Library has seen no corrigendum (as of 13 November 2012). |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Amyotha Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (88K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 13 November 2012 |
|
| Title: | | Amyotha Hluttaw continues for seventh day |
| Date of publication: | | 27 October 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | Nay Pyi Taw, 26 Oct - The seventh day regular session of Amyotha Hluttaw took place today, attended
by Speaker U Khin Aung Myint and 194 MPs.
Eleven questions were answered, one proposal put forward at today’s session during which the Speaker
informed the Hluttaw that Pyithu Hluttaw with approval sent back the bill revoking 1964 Myanmar
Five Star Shipping Corporation Law, bill revoking Land Confiscation (Mines) Act, and bill revoking
Public Service Protection Act. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Amyotha Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (61K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 13 November 2012 |
|
| Title: | | MP asks plan for assuring rights of exploited farmers |
| Date of publication: | | 27 October 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | Nay Pyi Taw, 26 Oct - As the conflicts between industrialists and farmers have come under the
spotlight, parliamentarian U Thein Swe at Amyotha Hluttaw raised a question that if the government
has plan to assure rights and ownership of farmland for exploited farmers who tenant on farms
procured by companies, organizations and individuals hand in glove with local authorities. Deputy
Minister for Agriculture and Irrigation U Ohn Than replied that the region/ state governments would
probe into the reported cases on the ground in line with promulgated laws, bylaws and procedures and
settle before the law with justice. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Amyotha Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (61K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 13 November 2012 |
|
| Title: | | Questions focuses on infrastructural development |
| Date of publication: | | 27 October 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | Nay Pyi Taw, 26 Oct - As Amyotha Hluttaw session continued for seventh day, Deputy Minister for
Construction U Soe Tint replied to queries of five representatives about construction and repair of roads
and bridges. Regarding the question about if the ministry would resume constructing Kani-
MinkinMyoma Road in Sagaing Region, the deputy minister replied that the road will be upgraded
section by section and scheduled to complete in 2013-2014 fiscal year. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Amyotha Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (60K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 13 November 2012 |
|
| Title: | | Four questions answered, one report approved, two proposals submitted |
| Date of publication: | | 26 October 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | Nay Pyi Taw, 25 Oct - The sixth day session of Amyotha Hluttaw session took place at Amyotha
Hluttaw Hall of Hluttaw Building, here, this morning, attended by Amyotha Hluttaw Speaker U Khin
Aung Myint and 199 representatives. Union Ministers Lt-Gen Thein Htay and Dr Pe Thet Khin
answered the queries raised by four representatives.
The Speaker announced the approval to the report submitted by Secretary of ASEAN Economic
Community Committee U Kan Nyunt. Then U Myo Myint of Mandalay Region Constituency No (6)
made a proposal to review electrical power projects which will be run under the investments of the
State, BOT system and JV/BOT system with the aim of ensuring harmonious development in the
country, and Dr Soe Win of Mon State Constituency No (2) seconded the motion. U Sai Kyaw Zaw
Than of Shan State Constituency No (2) made a proposal for relaxation of rules and regulations of the
Ministry of Education for upgrading of basic education schools... |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Amyotha Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (63K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 13 November 2012 |
|
| Title: | | Plans underway for regional development tasks |
| Date of publication: | | 26 October 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | Nay Pyi Taw, 25 Oct - Union Minister for Border Affairs Lt-Gen Thein Htay responded to the questions
raised by U Tun Kyaw of Shan State Constituency No (10) and U Htay Maung of Mandalay Region
Constituency No (12) about regional development tasks at the today’s Amyotha Hluttaw session... |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Amyotha Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (60K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 13 November 2012 |
|
| Title: | | Amyotha Hluttaw regular session continues for fifth day |
| Date of publication: | | 25 October 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | ...Daw Khin Waing Kyi of Yangon Region Constituency (1) and Daw Nan Ni Ni Aye of Kayin State
Constituency (6) discussed the report of Amyotha Hluttaw Women and Children Committee.
The deputy speaker decided to take measures as per the decision of the committee after redrawing the
report in cooperation with the MPs who participated in discussion.
The Hluttaw also decided to discuss the proposal of U Ohn Tin of Rakhine State Constituency (10)
calling for a single question for matriculation exam for the whole country... |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Amyotha Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (62K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 13 November 2012 |
|
| Title: | | More detailed information will be published in PSM to cover news based on peace journalism |
| Date of publication: | | 25 October 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | NAY PYI TAW, 24 Oct - Regarding the question presented by U Hla Swe of Magway Region
Constituency No (12) about which law could be applied to sue foreign media while they make
defamation to anyone or any organizations in Myanmar, Union Minister for Information U Aung Kyi
replied at the today’s Amyotha Hluttaw session that they would be sued under the Law of Trot [Tort?]
which is familiar and practised in international arena... |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Amyotha Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (64K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 13 November 2012 |
|
| Title: | | Severe disciplinary actions being taken against bad civil servants |
| Date of publication: | | 25 October 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | NAY PYI TAW, 24 Oct - Nine disciplinary actions, plus legal actions, are being taken against civil
servants with malpractices, said Union Minister at the President Office U Soe Maung at Amyotha
Hluttaw session today... |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Amyotha Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (57K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 13 November 2012 |
|
| Title: | | Myanmar is now member of ASEP: Amyotha Hluttaw Speaker (Amyotha Hluttaw, 5th Session, day 1) |
| Date of publication: | | 19 October 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | NAY PYI TAW, 18 Oct—Amyotha Hluttaw convened its fifth regular session at Amyotha Hluttaw
Hall in Hluttaw Building, here, today, attended by Speaker of Amyotha Hluttaw U Khin Aung Myint
and 214 Amyotha Hluttaw representatives. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Amyotha Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (85K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 14 November 2012 |
|
-
Amyotha Hluttaw: Third regular session, 2012 - proceedings
Individual Documents
| Title: | | Amyotha Hluttaw session continues for 20th day |
| Date of publication: | | 26 April 2012 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Amyotha Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (77K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 28 April 2012 |
|
| Title: | | Amyotha Hluttaw session continues for 18th day |
| Date of publication: | | 24 March 2012 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Amyotha Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (72K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 05 April 2012 |
|
| Title: | | Amyotha Hluttaw session continues for 17th day |
| Date of publication: | | 22 March 2012 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Amyotha Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (66K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 05 April 2012 |
|
| Title: | | First day third regular session of first Amyotha Hluttaw held . |
| Date of publication: | | 27 January 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | First day third regular session of first Amyotha Hluttaw held
Today’s session includes formation of one commission and one
committee, reformation of Hluttaw committee, reply to five questions by
respective Union Ministers, submitting one bill sent by Pyithu Hluttaw
with amendment, and submitting one bill and two proposals |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Amyotha Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (88K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 29 January 2012 |
|
-
Amyotha Hluttaw: First regular session, 2011 - proceedings
Individual Documents
| Title: | | If entire people including U Za Khun Ting Ring and representatives participate in processes being implemented in accordance with the constitution, eternal peace will be achieved in the whole country including Kachin State |
| Date of publication: | | 23 March 2011 |
| Description/subject: | | "At today’s session of Amyotha Hluttaw, Hluttaw Representative Za Khun
Ting Ring from Kachin State Constituency (4) in his question said that national unity was undermined
by hundreds of years long federal rule and colonial rule; that in the postindependence period, some
national races launched armed revolts against the government due to political and racial extremes,
which caused great hindrance to national development; that those regions lagged behind others in
development; that nation-building tasks could not be implemented effectively due to disunity among
national brethren; that the nation can enjoy development only with peace and stability; that those
national races are facing least development in the political, economic, education and health sectors as
they do not get assistance from the government..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Amyotha Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (116K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 16 December 2011 |
|
| Title: | | Energy Minister responds to question on distribution of fuel |
| Date of publication: | | 17 March 2011 |
| Description/subject: | | "...At the session of Amyotha Hluttaw held today, Amyotha Hluttaw
representative Dr Myat Nyana Soe of Yangon Region Constituency No- 4 said that it is found that
although fuel stations were privatized in accord with the standards of market economy, only motor
vehicles were allowed to buy fuel, and purchase of fuel with the use of containers once was banned.
Although the Ministry of Energy issued a set of directives on purchase of fuel with the use of
containers, it is found that some fuel stations did not follow the set of directives. Fuel is used in
generators, engines used in cottage industries and farm machinery..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Amyotha Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (61K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 20 December 2011 |
|
| Title: | | Health Minister replies to proposal of U Paul Hlyan Lwin of Chin State Constituency-9 |
| Date of publication: | | 17 March 2011 |
| Description/subject: | | "...Minister for Health Dr Kyaw Myint responded to the proposal approved to
be discussed ‘to issue Sa Ma to graduated Chin male doctors as soon as possible and assign them to the
regions of Chin State which are in need of doctors’ made by U Paul Hlyan Lwin of Chin State
Constituency-9 at the Amyotha Hluttaw session today..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Amyotha Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (66K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 20 December 2011 |
|
| Title: | | Health Minister responds to U Steven Thabeik's proposal |
| Date of publication: | | 17 March 2011 |
| Description/subject: | | "...At today’s Amyotha Hluttaw session, Minister for Health Dr Kyaw Myint
responded to the proposal “to form a board with the participation of experts for adopting the best
system for health care service as it is weak” submitted by U Steven Thabeik of Chin State Constituency
No.4..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Amyotha Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (63K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 20 December 2011 |
|
| Title: | | I&P Minister replies to question for some wrong descriptions of nationalities for Shan national races in CSC |
| Date of publication: | | 17 March 2011 |
| Description/subject: | | "...At today’s session of the Amyotha Hluttaw, Amyotha Hluttaw
Representative U Sai Mya Maung of Kachin State Constituency-10 said that wrong statement of
nationalities were described in some Citizenship Scrutiny Cards issued to ethics of Shan national races.
So, he asked how the wrong statements of nationalities as Bamar or other national races will be
recorrected for offspring of national race parents who are no Bamar national..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Amyotha Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (66K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 20 December 2011 |
|
| Title: | | Proposal of Amyotha Hluttaw representative changed to question |
| Date of publication: | | 17 March 2011 |
| Description/subject: | | "...At the today’s session of Amyotha Hluttaw, the Hluttaw Representative
requested to change his original proposal to be submitted to the Amyotha Hluttaw into the question.
With regard to the proposal “to upgrade Rezwa Sub-Township of Chin State to Township level”..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Amyotha Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (62K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 20 December 2011 |
|
| Title: | | Construction Minister replies to question of Amyotha Hluttaw representative U Zon Hlyal Htan of Chin State Constituency-2 |
| Date of publication: | | 16 March 2011 |
| Description/subject: | | "Construction Minister replies to question of
Amyotha Hluttaw representative U Zon Hlyal Htan of Chin State Constituency-2
NAY PYI TAW, 15 March - Amyotha Hluttaw representative of Chin State Constituency-2 U Zon Hlyal
Htan stated that the Union Highways mean roads and bridges implemented by the Union government;
and questioned whether “Kyeekha-Tongzan- Tiddim-Falam-Haka- Thangtalan Union Highway, Haka-
Matupi- Paletwa Union Highway and Pakokku-Mindat- Kanpetlet Union Highway which will connect
all the towns in Chin State will be constructed or not”..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Amyotha Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (69K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 20 December 2011 |
|
| Title: | | Proposals withdrawn by Amyotha Hluttaw representatives |
| Date of publication: | | 16 March 2011 |
| Description/subject: | | "...Proposals submitted by representatives to Amyotha Hluttaw were
withdrawn at today’s Amyotha Hluttaw sessions.
First, U Zhun Khan of Chin State Constituency No.1 withdrew his proposal on distribution of enough
food stuff for service men and civil servants and their families.
Then, U Paw Hlyan Lwin of Chin State constituency No.9 also withdrew his proposal to the Hluttaw
for freedom of press on education, economic and social affairs of tribes in their languages except
publications that could oppose the government..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Amyotha Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (61K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 20 December 2011 |
|
| Title: | | Construction Minister replies to proposal of U Paul Hlyan Lwin of Chin State Constituency-9 |
| Date of publication: | | 15 March 2011 |
| Description/subject: | | "...Minister for Construction U Khin Maung Myint, responded to the proposal
approved to be discussed by previous sessions “to construct motor road linking Paletwa and Matupi as
soon as possible, tabled by Amyotha Hluttaw Representative U Paul Hlyan Lwin of Chin State
Constituency-9 at Amyotha Hluttaw session today..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Amyotha Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (62K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 20 December 2011 |
|
| Title: | | Poor prospects for building cement factories in Nayputaung and Gutaung-Kantaung due to low quality limestone |
| Date of publication: | | 15 March 2011 |
| Description/subject: | | "... U Maung Aye Tun, a representative of Amyotha Hluttaw from Rakhine
State constituency No.9 asked question whether the State has a plan to implement cement projects at
limestone hills at Nayputaung and Gutaung-Kantaung areas in Taungup Township during today’s
regular session of Amyotha Hluttaw..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Amyotha Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (64K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 20 December 2011 |
|
| Title: | | Proposal to construct low-cost housing and sell them to staff in monthly installments replied |
| Date of publication: | | 15 March 2011 |
| Description/subject: | | "...-Minister for Construction U Khin Maung Myint replied the proposal of U
Zhun Kan of Chin State Constituency-1 “to construct low-cost housings and sell them to staff in
monthly installments” which was approved to discuss by recent Hluttaw sessions at today’s regular
session of Amyotha Hluttaw..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Amyotha Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (63K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 20 December 2011 |
|
| Title: | | Representative of Yangon Region Constituency-4 Dr Myat Nyana Soe raises questions |
| Date of publication: | | 15 March 2011 |
| Description/subject: | | "... At today’s session of Amyotha Hluttaw, Representative Dr Myat Nyana
Soe of Yangon Region Constituency-4 said according to surveys, Yangon has a population of more than
7 million. Among them are over 3 million commuters. There are over 200 bus lines, 8000 vehicles,
240,000 private cars and 130,000 circular train users.
It is learned that in the circular train system, there are 21 railway coaches, 200 daily railway schedules,
18 diesel locomotives and three RBEs. Train fares are low enough for the convenience of grassroots.
However, it can still be found that trains are running on untimely schedule with weaknesses in sanitary
and maintenance services. So it is necessary to upgrade the circular railway system, the most common
public transportation, in order to solve the problem of traffic congestion..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Amyotha Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (66K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 20 December 2011 |
|
| Title: | | Visit of tourists has been allowed to Chin State |
| Date of publication: | | 15 March 2011 |
| Description/subject: | | "... At today’s session of Amyotha Hluttaw, Amyotha Hluttaw Representative U
Paul Thang Thaing of Chin State Constituency- 3 said that the tourists are allowed to visit all 14
regions and states except Chin State in the nation. In Chin State, the tourists are allowed to visit
Kanpetlet only.
However, he requested to allow the tourists not only to Kanpetlet but also to Haka and other regions of
Chin State on their visits. As Chin State has less development with least income, the visits of tourists
will help increase income. He raised a question whether the plan will be set to allow tourists to visit
Chin State or not..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Amyotha Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (63K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 20 December 2011 |
|
-
Pyithu Hluttaw (People's Assembly) - proceedings
-
Pyithu Hluttaw: Fifth regular session, 2012 - proceedings
Individual Documents
| Title: | | State governments allowed to make decisions independently in accord with democratic practices |
| Date of publication: | | 16 November 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | Nay Pyi Taw, 15 Nov - The thirteenth day session of Pyithu Hluttaw took place at Pyithu Hluttaw Hall
of Hluttaw Complex, here, this morning, attended by Pyithu Hluttaw Speaker Thura U Shwe Mann and
380 representatives. Twentynine trainees from MDRI and CSIS were present at the session as
observers. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Pyithu Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (68K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 16 November 2012 |
|
| Title: | | Everybody can get access to the courts with the permission of judges |
| Date of publication: | | 08 November 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | Pyithu Hluttaw regular session continued for 10th day this morning, attended by
Pyithu Hluttaw Speaker Thura U Shwe Mann and 387 representatives... |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Pyithu Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (70K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 13 November 2012 |
|
| Title: | | Private newspapers will emerge soon |
| Date of publication: | | 07 November 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | Nay Pyi Taw, 6 Nov- Pyithu Hluttaw session continued for 9th day at Pyithu Hluttaw Hall in Hluttaw
Complex, here, at 10.10 am today, attended by Pyithu Hluttaw Speaker Thura U Shwe Mann and 394
MPs. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Pyithu Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (66K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 13 November 2012 |
|
| Title: | | Myanmar’s total foreign debt is over USD 15000 million and domestic debt, over K 9,900,000 million |
| Date of publication: | | 26 October 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | NAY PYI TAW, 24 Oct - Fifth day session of Pyithu Hluttaw took place at Pyithu Hluttaw Hall of
Hluttaw Complex, here, at 10.10 am today, attended by Pyithu Hluttaw Speaker Thura U Shwe Mann
and 382 MPs. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Pyithu Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (62K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 13 November 2012 |
|
| Title: | | Pyithu Hluttaw session continues for sixth day |
| Date of publication: | | 26 October 2012 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Pyithu Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (59K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 13 November 2012 |
|
| Title: | | CSC can be issued within a day when there is enough time, within at most 28 days based on data collected |
| Date of publication: | | 24 October 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | NAY PYI TAW, 23 Oct - Fourth Day session of Pyithu Hluttaw Session took place at Pyithu Hluttaw
Hall in Hluttaw Complex, here, at 10.15 am today, attended by Pyithu Hluttaw Speaker Thura U Shwe
Mann and 388 MPs |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Pyithu Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (71K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 13 November 2012 |
|
| Title: | | Regional allowance for more townships underway |
| Date of publication: | | 24 October 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | Hluttaw not indicted in text |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Pyithu Hluttaw [?] via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (60K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 13 November 2012 |
|
| Title: | | Call MPT for mobile errors: Union CPT Minister |
| Date of publication: | | 23 October 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | NAY PYI TAW, 22 Oct—To which department the complaints about disruption of CDMA and
GMS mobiles has long been a question among the public. On their behalf, Kyangin Constituency’s
Dr Tin Maung Kyaing questioned the Ministry of Communications, Posts and Telegraphs at Pyithu
Hluttaw session today. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Pyithu Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (67K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 13 November 2012 |
|
| Title: | | Myanmar enjoys GSP with retroactive benefit for exports (Pyithu Hluttaw, 5th Session, day 2) |
| Date of publication: | | 20 October 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | NAY PYI TAW, 19 Oct—Pyithu Hluttaw continued its second day of the fifth regular session at Pyithu
Hluttaw Hall in Hluttaw Complex, here, today, attended by Pyithu Hluttaw Speaker Thura U Shwe
Mann and 389 MPs.
At the meeting, six questions were answered, one proposal, recorded and one report, submitted... |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Pyithu Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (86K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 14 November 2012 |
|
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Pyithu Hluttaw: Fourth regular session, 2012 - proceedings
Individual Documents
| Title: | | Union level crossword still unresolved |
| Date of publication: | | 06 September 2012 |
| Source/publisher: | | Pyithu Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (76K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 12 September 2012 |
|
| Title: | | Fourth regular session of Pyithu Hluttaw continues for 14th day |
| Date of publication: | | 26 July 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | Discussions in Hluttaw should not include characteristics and behaviors of a person.
Discussions about a proposal must be related with proposals under debate at the Hluttaw.
Pyithu Hluttaw Speaker urges some representatives to strictly abide by
Hluttaw laws and rules in making discussion |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Pyithu Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (82K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 26 July 2012 |
|
-
Pyithu Hluttaw: Third regular session, 2012 - proceedings
Individual Documents
| Title: | | Pyithu Hluttaw session continues for 17th day |
| Date of publication: | | 22 March 2012 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Pyithu Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (67K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 05 April 2012 |
|
| Title: | | 15th day session of Pyithu Hluttaw approves one proposal, two bills |
| Date of publication: | | 17 March 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | "...In the bill approval sector, the Hluttaw representatives submitted amendments for paragraphs and subparagraphs
and discussed the Foreign Investment Bill sent by the Amyotha Hluttaw with its approval.
As the Hluttaw approved the Labour Dispute Settlement Bill sent by the Amyotha Hluttaw in line with
its amendments, the bill was approved..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Pyithu Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (66K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 17 March 2012 |
|
-
Pyithu Hluttaw: First regular session, 2011 - proceedings
Individual Documents
| Title: | | EP-1 Minister replies to question on generating of hydropower from Htakhachaung Waterfall |
| Date of publication: | | 24 March 2011 |
| Description/subject: | | "...At today’s session of Pyithu Hluttaw, U N Phon Hsan (a) U N Htu Phon
Hsan of Machanbaw Constituency of Kachin State said he has learnt that the authorities concerned
have conducted feasibility studies for many times to generate hydropower from Htakhachaung
Waterfall in Machanbaw Township of Kachin State. He asked whether a project has been set to
generate hydropower from Htakhachaung Waterfall and he would like to know when the project would
commence..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Pyithu Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (72K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 16 December 2011 |
|
| Title: | | F&R Minister and seven representatives discuss proposal of U Soe Win |
| Date of publication: | | 24 March 2011 |
| Description/subject: | | “to provide financial assistance to small and
medium enterprises.” |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Pyithu Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (127K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 16 December 2011 |
|
| Title: | | Labour Minister and four representatives discuss proposal of U Tin Maung Win of Mingaladon Constituency |
| Date of publication: | | 23 March 2011 |
| Description/subject: | | “to make arrangements for drafting a bill
which would pave ways for creating more jobs, creating pleasant working environment, and
improvement of skills of workers at the second regular sessions of Pythu Hluttaw.” |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Pyithu Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (122K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 16 December 2011 |
|
| Title: | | Education Minister responds to query regarding “students who passed matriculation examination with high marks” |
| Date of publication: | | 22 March 2011 |
| Description/subject: | | "...Pyithu Hluttaw representative U Shwe
Maung (a) U Adu Rawzak of Buthidaung Township stated that students in Buthidaung and Maungtaw
Townships who passed matriculation examination with high marks are losing opportunities to attend
vocational universities; it is lost not only for students but for the State; and it also happens in other
townships in Rakhine State. He asked how the officials concerned will help the students not to lose
pursuit of vocational education..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Pyithu Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (63K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 16 December 2011 |
|
| Title: | | Five Pyithu Hluttaw Representatives discuss proposal of U Maung Nyo of Sittway Constituency Minister for Electric Power No.2 replies |
| Date of publication: | | 22 March 2011 |
| Description/subject: | | "...At the session of Pyithu Hluttaw today, five Pyithu Hluttaw representatives
held discussions on the proposal which is approved to discuss “to level power charges of Regions and
States covered by the national power grid and Regions and States not covered by it yet at equal rate”
raised by U Maung Nyo of Sittway Constituency..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Pyithu Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (84K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 16 December 2011 |
|
| Title: | | Information Minister replies to question of Pyithu Hluttaw representative of Hlaingbwe Constituency |
| Date of publication: | | 22 March 2011 |
| Description/subject: | | "...U Saw Thein Aung of Hlaingbwe
Constituency questioned what kind of humanitarian aid is being rendered to the refugees in Kayin State
due to armed clashes and to what extent aid measures have been taken..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Pyithu Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (69K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 16 December 2011 |
|
| Title: | | Commerce Minister responses to proposal of U Aung Zin of Pazundaung Constituency |
| Date of publication: | | 17 March 2011 |
| Description/subject: | | "... Four Hluttaw representatives responded to the proposal approved to be
discussed to draft a bill that would allow farmers to keep their crops at government organizations and
private warehouses at reasonable prices, paving the way for farmers to earn stable price from crop
production, made by U Aung Zin of Pazundaung Constituency at today’s session of Pyithu Hluttaw..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Pyithu Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (71K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 20 December 2011 |
|
| Title: | | Construction Minister answers question on upgrading of Aungban-Hanmyintmo road |
| Date of publication: | | 17 March 2011 |
| Description/subject: | | "... At today-session of Pyithu Hluttaw, U Aung Thein of Ywangan
Constituency put a question on upgrading of Aungban-Hanmyintmo road, a strategic road of Danu
Self-Administered Zone with poor development to link Shan State (South) and upper Myanmar, saying
that development of a region calls for better transport..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Pyithu Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (65K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 20 December 2011 |
|
| Title: | | Construction Minister replies to question about maintaining and upgrading of Mandalay-Shwebo-Myitkyina Union Highway |
| Date of publication: | | 17 March 2011 |
| Description/subject: | | "...At today’s session of Pyithu Hluttaw, U Kyaw Soe Lay of Mohnyin
Constituency put a question about the Government’s plans for maintenance and upgrading of
Mandalay-Shwebo- Myitkyina Union Highway.
He said that residents in Mohnyin and Myitkyina townships have to rely on railways and motorways.
Mandalay- Shwebo-Myitkyina motor road, in spite of having provided smooth transport between
Mandalay and Myitkyina for a certain period, is now damaged beyond repairs, causing delay in
commodity flow and traveling..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Pyithu Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (70K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 20 December 2011 |
|
| Title: | | Construction Minister replies to question about plans for construction of all-weather motor road between Sumprabum and Putao |
| Date of publication: | | 17 March 2011 |
| Description/subject: | | "...At today’s session of Pyithu Hluttaw, U Yaw D Dwe of Putao Constituency
put a question about plans of the Ministry of Construction for upgrading of motor road between
Sumprabum and Putao to all-weather facility.
He said that in Kachin State, hydropower projects are under implementation along the waterways of
Maykha and Malikha rivers to satisfy the energy demand of the nation. Those projects will not only
provide electricity to the nation but also satisfy the energy demand for production industries..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Pyithu Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (67K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 20 December 2011 |
|
| Title: | | Construction Minister responds to question on maintenance of Mandalay-Bhamo road |
| Date of publication: | | 17 March 2011 |
| Description/subject: | | "...At today’s session of Pyithu Hluttaw, U Tun Tun of Mansi Constituency said
that the people are pleased for enjoying fruits of economic, social, education and health sectors as
unprecedented smooth transport sector is being undertaken across the Republic of the Union of
Myanmar. Local people of Kachin State including those of Mansi Township thanked the government
for construction of Mandalay-Bhamo road between Kachin State and Mandalay Region.
As some parts of the road are damaged, the travellers face difficulties. In raising the question, he asked
how the Mandalay-Bhamo Road will be maintained..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Pyithu Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (65K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 20 December 2011 |
|
| Title: | | Education Minister replies to Pyithu Hluttaw representative U Zaw Tun’s question |
| Date of publication: | | 16 March 2011 |
| Description/subject: | | "...U Zaw Tun of Momauk Constituency questioned at today’s Pyithu Hluttaw
regular session whether there is only plan to drapt law to teach a language of national race as optional
subject in addition to teaching Myanmarsar as main subject in government schools in respective
Regions and States or not..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Pyithu Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (62K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 20 December 2011 |
|
| Title: | | EP-2 Minister replies to question of Pyithu Hluttaw representative U Ye Tun from Thandwe Constituency |
| Date of publication: | | 15 March 2011 |
| Description/subject: | | "NAY PYI TAW, 14 March-At the session held today, Pyithu Hluttaw representative U Ye Tun from
Thandwe Constituency in his question said that the township electric power supply committee was
formed in 2003; that then users are charged from 450 to 1000 kyats for a unit, which means locals also
have to share charges for the electricity used at the departmental rate by governmental departments; and
that he wondered whether there is a plan to equalize electric power charges between Rakhine State and
other Regions and States..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Pyithu Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (66K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 20 December 2011 |
|
| Title: | | Minister for Hotels and Tourism replies to discussion of U Khin Maung Yi (a) Khaing Maung Yi of Ahlon Constituency |
| Date of publication: | | 15 March 2011 |
| Description/subject: | | "...the proposal of U Ngun Moung of Haka Constituency “to allow foreign guests and tourists to visit Chin
State” at today’s regular session of Pyithu Hluttaw that Chin State is scenic and could attract the
attention of tourists; tourism industry is one of important foreign currency earners of the nation; it is
heartening to learn the State is undertaking development tasks in Chin State; to help Chin State develop
in parallel with the Union the blockage of tourist entry should be cleared..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Pyithu Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (70K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 20 December 2011 |
|
| Title: | | PBANRDA Minister replies to question of Pyithu Hluttaw representative U Ngun Moung from Haka Constituency |
| Date of publication: | | 15 March 2011 |
| Description/subject: | | "NAY PYI TAW, 14 March-At the session held today, Pyithu Hluttaw representative Daw Zartalan from
Thantlang Constituency seconded the proposal “to upgrade Haka, the capital of Chin State to the level
of other state capitals” submitted by U Ngun Moung from Haka Constituency in his question..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Pyithu Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (69K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 20 December 2011 |
|
| Title: | | Transport Minister answers question of Pyithu Hluttaw Representative U Aung Sein Tha from Minbya Constituency |
| Date of publication: | | 15 March 2011 |
| Description/subject: | | "...U Aung Sein Tha from
Minbya Constituency in his question said that Minbya in Rakhine State is facing the erosion of its
costal areas yearly due to the Laymyo River; that strong current of the river causes damage to houses
and buildings in riverside wards in the township; and asked if there is a plan to take preventive
measures against bank erosions in the township.
Minister for Transport U Thein Swe relied that preventive measures against bank erosions have been
taken in Minbya from 1999-2000 to 2010-2011 as follows: -..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Pyithu Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (65K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 20 December 2011 |
|
| Title: | | UEC Chairman U Thein Soe responds to Pyithu Hluttaw representative U Nelson (a) Sai Hsaung Hsi of Kyaukme Constituency |
| Date of publication: | | 15 March 2011 |
| Description/subject: | | "NAY PYI TAW, 14 March - Pyithu Hluttaw Representative of Kyaukme Constituency U Nelson (a) Sai
Hsaung Hsi asked about the preparations for byelections to fill the seats of the Hluttaw representatives
who are going to take the executive duties including the presidentelect and the vice presidents-elect;
when the elections will be held; and how the elections will be managed to be free and fair..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Pyithu Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (67K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 20 December 2011 |
|
| Title: | | First regular session of Pyithu Hluttaw convened for eighth day |
| Date of publication: | | 12 March 2011 |
| Description/subject: | | First regular session of Pyithu Hluttaw convened for eighth day
To reduce the cost of mobile phones-a matter of short-and long-term projects
16th Mile Checkpoint opened for not prohibiting goods but for security reasons
Chin State saw better transport as Chin national appointed as superintending engineer |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Pyithu Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (121K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 19 December 2011 |
|
| Title: | | First regular session of Pyithu Hluttaw continues for seventh day. |
| Date of publication: | | 11 March 2011 |
| Description/subject: | | First regular session of Pyithu Hluttaw continues for seventh day.
Information, knowledge and entertainment programmes provided.
Depending on progress of the nation, the government increased salaries of the
personnel and pensions and allowed extra cash assistance and living allowance |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Pyithu Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (218K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 19 December 2011 |
|
| Title: | | First regular session of Pyithu Hluttaw continues for fifth day. |
| Date of publication: | | 08 March 2011 |
| Description/subject: | | First regular session of Pyithu Hluttaw continues for fifth day.
15-member Government’s Guarantees, Pledges and Undertakings Vetting
Committee formed.
Government’s guarantees, pledges and undertakings shall be implemented
within fixed period and on schedule |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Pyithu Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (80K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 19 December 2011 |
|
| Title: | | First Pyithu Hluttaw Regular Session continues for fourth day. t |
| Date of publication: | | 05 March 2011 |
| Description/subject: | | First Pyithu Hluttaw Regular Session continues for fourth day.
15-member Hluttaw Rights Committee formed.
Hluttaw Rights Committee formed to scrutinize cases concerning breach of duties,
powers and rights of Hluttaw, Hluttaw Committee or Hluttaw representative |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Pyithu Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (78K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 19 December 2011 |
|
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Hluttaws - other documents
Individual Documents
| Title: | | Letters exchanged between the Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw and the President |
| Date of publication: | | 21 August 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | It is up to two agencies to choose whatever political line of struggle of their own volition as
both are independent ones formed in line with the constitution -
Speaker of Pyithu Hluttaw sends a message dated 14 August to President.
President sends back a message dated 20 August to Speaker of Pyithu Hluttaw |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Pyithu Hluttaw via "The New Light of Myanmar" |
| Format/size: | | pdf (74K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 22 August 2012 |
|
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Elections (Burma)
-
The 1990 General Elections in Burma
See also Constitutional and Parliamentary processes (under Law and Constitution) at http://www.burmalibrary.org/show.php?cat=1139&lo=d&sl=0
-
Laws, decrees and legal commentary relating to the 1990 elections
Individual Documents
| Title: | | Convening the People's Assembly: A Legal Analysis |
| Date of publication: | | May 1999 |
| Description/subject: | | "According to Burma's two supposedly superseded constitutions, that of 1947 and 1974, the Pyithu Hluttaw (the People's
Assembly) is the body charged with exercising State power. The 1989 Pyithu Hluttaw Election Law (called the Election Law),
under which the 1990 elections were conducted, also provides that the duty of representatives elected in accordance with the
Election Law is to form the Pyithu Hluttaw (Section 3).
The ruling military junta, the people of Burma and the international community acknowledged without qualification that the May
1990 general election was free, fair and lawful. It then follows that those representatives elected by the people in the 1990
election have the lawful right to form a Pyithu Hluttaw that exercises legislative power and appoints a government in accordance
with the legal norms of Burma..." |
| Author/creator: | | Burma Lawyers' Council |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Legal Issues on Burma Journal No. 3 (Burma Lawyers' Council) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | SLORC Declaration No. 1/90 of July 27, 1990 |
| Date of publication: | | 27 July 1990 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | State Law and Order Restoration Council |
| Format/size: | | html (18K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
-
The 1990 elections - general articles and studies
Individual Documents
| Title: | | A Day to Remember |
| Date of publication: | | May 2005 |
| Description/subject: | | The 1990 election—will my vote ever mean anything?...
"My entire family woke up early that day. Our neighbors were already leaving their homes. Some eagerly shouted at us not to be late. My 63-year-old grandmother and my mother joined them and I rushed to follow. It was election day—May 27, 1990—the first time in 30 years the Burmese people had been called on to go to the polls..." |
| Author/creator: | | Kyaw Zwa Moe |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | "The Irrawaddy" Vol. 13, No. 5 |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 27 April 2006 |
|
| Title: | | Was It A Parliamentary Election or Not? |
| Date of publication: | | May 2005 |
| Description/subject: | | Whatever the answer, the people rejected military rule...
"Burma has more than its fair share of miserable anniversaries. One of the more baffling of them falls on May 27, the anniversary of arguably the most spectacular ignored general election in history. The ruling generals of the State Law and Order Restoration Council first confounded their many critics by holding a relatively free and fair ballot, and then completely dumbfounded them by carrying on as if it had never occurred..." |
| Author/creator: | | Dominic Faulder |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | "The Irrawaddy" Vol. 13, No. 5 |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 27 April 2006 |
|
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The 1990 elections, the elected representatives and their parties
Individual Documents
| Title: | | 1990 MULTI-PARTY DEMOCRACY GENERAL ELECTIONS |
| Date of publication: | | 01 February 2003 |
| Description/subject: | | This is a 300-page collection of documents related to the 1990 elections. In addition to the 1.1MB pdf file, it can be accessed as one 4MB html file, 4 shorter (but still large) html files or downloaded as a 2MB Word file. It contains: General Statistics of Elections
- Candidates per Constituency
- Election Campaign Speeches
- Election Results of 93 Political Parties
- Summary of Constituencies
- Election Results of Winning Parties
- Brief Biographies of Elected MPs;
- SLORC Policy Declaration (1/90)
- Gandhi Hall Declaration
- Election Tribunals
- Election Law Amended
- The So-Called National Convention
- Steering Committee Named
- The Principle Duty Of The National Convention
- The Eight Different Categories of National Convention Deligates
- SLORC Declaration No. 11/92 of 24 April 92
- SLORC Order No. 1/93 of 1 January 93
- The National Convention Delegates of National League for Democracy
- The Committee Representing People’s Parliament (CRPP)
- Anti-Subversion Law (5/96)
- Turning of a New Page
- The NLD’s 21-Point Resolution
- Back to the past today
- A Brief History of Political Activism in Burma
- UN special human rights rapporteurs on Burma
- UN special envoy on Burma |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Khin Kyaw Han (compiler) |
| Format/size: | | pdf ( 1.1MB), html (3.9MB - also broken into 4), Word (2.0MB) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs/1990_elections.htm
http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs/1990_elections.doc (Word version for downloading)
Part 1 (Contents, general statistics, summaries of campaign speeches - html, 115K): http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs/Elections-01.htm
http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs/Elections-01.htm
Part 2 (election results by party and candidate - html 1.6MB): http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs/Elections-02.htm
Part 3 (brief biographies of elected MPs by State and Division - html, 1.2MB): http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs/Elections-03.htm
Part 4 (other related lists, including detained MPs, and documents - html, 568K) http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs/Elections-04.htm |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | Book of Record on the 1990 General Elections |
| Date of publication: | | 01 February 2003 |
| Description/subject: | | This is a collection of documents related to the 1990 elections. It can be accessed as one 4MB html file, 4 shorter (but still large) html files or downloaded as a 2MB Word file. It contains: General Statistics of Elections - Candidates per Constituency - Election Campaign Speeches - Election Results of 93 Political Parties - Summary of Constituencies - Election Results of Winning Parties - Brief Biographies of Elected MPs; - SLORC Policy Declaration (1/90) - Gandhi Hall Declaration - Election Tribunals - Election Law Amended - The So-Called National Convention - Steering Committee Named - The Principle Duty Of The National Convention - The Eight Different Categories of National Convention Deligates - SLORC Declaration No. 11/92 of 24 April 92 - SLORC Order No. 1/93 of 1 January 93 - The National Convention Delegates of National League for Democracy - The Committee Representing People’s Parliament (CRPP) - Anti-Subversion Law (5/96) - Turning of a New Page - The NLD’s 21-Point Resolution - Back to the past today - A Brief History of Political Activism in Burma - UN special human rights rapporteurs on Burma - UN special envoy on Burma |
| Language: | | Burmese |
| Source/publisher: | | Khin Kyaw Han (compiler) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (5.8MB) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 17 September 2007 |
|
| Title: | | GANDHI HALL DECLARATION |
| Date of publication: | | 29 July 1990 |
| Description/subject: | | 8th Waxing Day of Wagaung BE 1352
29 July 1990
"1. We, the National League for Democracy Pyithu Hluttaw members, after assembling here at the Mahatama Gandhi Hall in Kyauktada township, Rangoon, on the seventh and eighth waxing days of Wagaung BE 1352 , 28 and 29 July 1990 , and after consulting and discussing the matters concerning the well being of the nation , State affairs and convening of the Pyithu Hluttaw , unanimously adopt this Gandhi Hall Declaration..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | National League for Democracy |
| Format/size: | | html (25K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 28 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | The Manifesto of the National League for Democracy |
| Date of publication: | | 06 November 1989 |
| Description/subject: | | "1. Throughout the Union of Burma in 1988 there was an extraordinary and unprecedented uprising of all people. They rose up to demand Democracy. Thus, a democratic state was established in order to be liberated from the bitter experience of the society.
2. Now, a chance to establish a democratic system began to emerge that would totally change society. Hence, all the people of Burma, with active spirit and strong determination, would have to elect the peoples' representatives. Those representatives would form a democratic government in accordance with the aspiration of the people and draw up the state constitution that will enable a successful reconstruction of the country.
3. The National League for Democracy firmly believes that, today, in Burma, the masses of people are earnestly aspiring for the formation of a Democratic government that will guarantee basic human rights.
4. The National League for Democracy clearly understands that all the people of Burma are very keen to establish a firmly united "Union" in the near future with equal rights for all ethnic nationalities who cherish democracy.
5. In order to bring about the aims and aspirations of the people successfully, the National League for Democracy, consisting of people wishing to represent farmers, workers, merchants and entrepreneurs, students, youths, women, technicians, academicians, artists and ethnic nationalities, shall let their members participate in this multi-party General Election and pledges to accept the decision of the people.
6. The National League for Democracy, while declaring its principles and policy below, shall accept the wishes of the people and establish a democratic state as desired by the people..." |
| Language: | | English, Burmese |
| Source/publisher: | | National League for Democracy |
| Format/size: | | html (78K), Word (67K), pdf (32K) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs/NLDElectionManifesto1989.doc
http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs/NLDmanifestoBur.pdf (Burmese) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 20 April 2004 |
|
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State-Society relations
-
State-Society relations - Burma/Myanmar and the region
Individual Documents
| Title: | | Stilled to silence at 500 metres’: making sense of historical change in Southeast Asia |
| Date of publication: | | November 2008 |
| Description/subject: | | "The dialectical relationship between the nation state and zones of relative autonomy isn’t unique to mainland Southeast Asia, but it is of particular salience there,
demarcating the social cleavage that shapes much of the region’s history: that between hill peoples and valley peoples. It led to a process of state formation in valleys
and peopling of hills, and left the latter largely absent from the historical record...Non-state spaces’ are where the state has
difficulty establishing its authority: mountains,
swamps, mangrove coasts, deserts,
river deltas. Such places have often served
as havens of refuge for peoples resisting
or fleeing the state. Only the modern state
possesses the resources to bring non-state
spaces and people to heel; in Southeast
Asia it represents the last great effort to
integrate people, land and resources of the
periphery and make them contributors to
the gross national product. The state might
dub it development’, economic progress’,
literacy’, social integration’, but the real
objective is to make the economic activity
of peripheral societies taxable and assessable
– to make it serve the state – by, for
example, obliging nomads or swidden
cultivators to settle in permanent villages,
concentrating manpower and foodstuffs.
Thus the padi-state was an enclosure’ of
previously stateless peoples: irrigated rice
agriculture on permanent fields helped
create the state’s strategic and military
advantage. In fact, the permanent association
of the state and sedentary agriculture
is at the centre of this story (a story by no
means confined to Southeast Asia, which
this article targets). The vast barbarian’
periphery became a vital resource: human
captives formed a successful state’s working
capital. Avoiding the state used to be a
real option. Today it is quickly vanishing..." |
| Author/creator: | | James C. Scott |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | International Institute for Asian Studies (IIAS) (Newsletter 49) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (225K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 07 March 2009 |
|
| Title: | | Beyond hills and plains: rethinking trade, state and society in the upper Mekong borderlands |
| Date of publication: | | October 2006 |
| Description/subject: | | Borderlands are often described as frontier zones’ characterised by
rebelliousness, lawlessness and/or an absence of laws’ (Kristof 1959:
281). Anecdotes resonate with popular images of a remote underworld
(or perhaps outerworld’) where state authority is weak and lawlessness
prevails. In the upper Mekong borderlands of Thailand, Laos and Burma,
the imagery of borderland illegality persists both as spectre and lure, but
the substance of what happens there reveals a state and society in league. |
| Author/creator: | | Andrew Walker |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | International Institute for Asian Studies (IIAS) (Newsletter 42) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (216K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 07 March 2009 |
|
| Title: | | Conflict and illegality as a way of life -- the paradox of Burma |
| Date of publication: | | October 2006 |
| Description/subject: | | Located at a strategic Asian crossroads, Burma (Myanmar)1 is one of the world’s
most ethnically diverse countries. Surrounded by Bangladesh, China, India,
Laos and Thailand, it is also one of the most strife-torn and lawless along its
3,650-mile border. Its post-colonial experience exemplifies how illicit economies,
insurgent or military-based politics and cross-border human movement can
flourish in the wake of failed attempts to create a modern nation-state...Since Burma’s independence from Great Britain in 1948,
an array of state, quasi-state and insurgent groups have
used armed violence to pursue their goals across all three
political eras: parliamentary democracy (1948-62), General Ne
Win’s Burmese Way to Socialism’ (1962-88), and the military
State Peace and Development Council (post-1988). In the 21st
century, Burma’s socio-political landscape continues to reflect
conditions of conflict. Particularly in the conflict zones, the
line between legality’ and illegality’ is frequently blurred.... |
| Author/creator: | | Martin Smith |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | International Institute for Asian Studies (IIAS) (Newsletter 42) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (731K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 07 March 2009 |
|
| Title: | | Regionalism in Myanmar’s Foreign Policy: Past, Present and Future |
| Date of publication: | | September 2006 |
| Description/subject: | | "This paper examines regionalism in Myanmar foreign policy mostly in the context of ASEAN-Myanmar relations and it argues that Myanmar's decision to embrace regionalism was primarily motivated by her desire to enhance state security, which also meant regime security; the threat to which was more internal than external in nature. Her subscription to regionalism was facilitated by the end of the Cold War divide, particularly in Asia. Myanmar's regional cooperation was predicated upon notions that the regional organization should be free from great power manipulation and should not be an organization for collective defense. Member states also needed to subscribe to the principle of non-interference in each others’ affairs. Myanmar was particularly attracted to the grouping’s modus operandi known as the ASEAN way. The ASEAN way of informal and incremental approach to co-operation based on consultation and dialogue, which constitutes the ASEAN diplomatic norm, was by and large in line with the comfort level of the military regime in Myanmar. While, initially after joining, Myanmar was strongly against the deviation from the established principle of “constructive engagement”, it eventually managed to accept ASEAN’s “enhanced interaction” as a new modus operandi. It appears that, as far as the Myanmar government is concerned, issues that do not threaten national sovereignty and the nation-building process can be discussed among the member states in the spirit of ASEAN unity. Moreover, after several years of experience with cooperative security arrangements, Myanmar is now a signatory to the ASEAN Security Community; for the first time in its post-colonial history agreeing to be a member of the regional security architecture."...Keywords: Myanmar; Burma; Myanmar foreign policy; ASEAN; BIMSTEC; State Peace and Development Council; regionalism |
| Author/creator: | | Maung Aung Myoe |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Asia Research Institute, National University of Singapore Working Paper 73 |
| Format/size: | | pdf (213K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 12 March 2010 |
|
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State-Society relations - Kingship
Individual Documents
| Title: | | The Coming of the 'Future King" -- Burmese Minlaung Expectations Before and During the Second World War |
| Date of publication: | | 2003 |
| Description/subject: | | Throughout the history of Burma we come across rebellions often led by so-called 'future kings,' minlaungs. In western historiography, minlaung-movements are usually attributed to the pre-colonial past, whereas rebellions and movements occurring during the British colonial period are conceived of as proto-nationalist in character and thus an indication of the westernizing process. In this article, the notion of minlaung and concomitant ideas about rebellion and the magical-spiritual forces involved are explained against the backdrop of Burmese-Buddhist culture. It is further shown how these ideas persisted and gained momentum before and during World War II and how they affected the western educated nationalists, especially Aung San whose political actions fit into the cultural pattern of the career of a minlaung. |
| Author/creator: | | Susanne Prager |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | "Journal of Burma Studies" Vol. 8, 2003 |
| Format/size: | | pdf (601K) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.niu.edu/burma/publications/jbs/vol8/Abstract2_ClymerOpt.pdf |
| Date of entry/update: | | 01 January 2009 |
|
| Title: | | "Kingship in Pagan Wundauk U Tin's Myan-Ma-Mwn-Ok-Cjok-Pon-Sa-Dnn" |
| Date of publication: | | 1998 |
| Description/subject: | | This paper analyzes the attitudes toward kingship expressed in the Myan-ma-Mn Ok-cjok-pon Sa-dnn'["The Royal Administration of Burma"], written by Pagan U Tin (1861-1933) and first published shortly after the author's death. Following a brief biographical account of Pagan U Tin, the discussion considers four perspectives on Burmese kingship appearing in the work: 1) the king as judge; 2) the king as guarantor of regularity; 3) the king as descendant of the Sun (and of Mahasammata, originator of civil society); and 4) the king as Buddha-to-be. The Burmese monarch was predominantly a symbolic figure who affirmed the kingdom's past and guaranteed its future. Although U Tin reports on the questionable morality of Kings Mindon and Thibaw, he nevertheless addresses both as "Excellent King" and admonishes his readers against offending the dignity of the throne. |
| Author/creator: | | L.E. Bagshawe |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Journal of Burma Studies Vol. 3 (1998) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (1.09MB) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 10 March 2009 |
|
-
The City
Individual Documents
| Title: | | The Road to Naypyitaw: Making Sense of the Myanmar Government's Decision to Move its Capital |
| Date of publication: | | November 2006 |
| Description/subject: | | "In November 2005, the Myanmar government announced its decision to relocate the national capital from Yangon to a place near Pyinmana; the place was later named Naypyitaw. This decision reveals several aspects of the Myanmar government's security thinking. Concern for information security, defence-in-depth against possible foreign invasion, desire to get rid of the colonial past, isolating civil servants from the general public, gaining a sense of control in state-building, and the influence of traditional world views and are some plausible explanations for the relocation..."...Keywords: Myanmar-politics, Myanmar-SPDC; Myanmar-security; Myanmar-cultural; Myanmar-history |
| Author/creator: | | Maung Aung Myoe |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Asia Research Institute, National University of Singapore Working Paper WPS 79 |
| Format/size: | | pdf (1.1MB) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 12 March 2010 |
|
-
Political analysis of Burma and the region
Individual Documents
| Title: | | Dark Clouds Over Burma |
| Date of publication: | | September 2009 |
| Description/subject: | | The political landscape holds no hope for any change soon...
"A dark future hangs over Burma following the conviction and sentencing of pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi. Putting her under house arrest again is a grave move by the ruling military regime, which can only bode ill for the country..." |
| Author/creator: | | Kyaw Zwa Moe |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | "The Irrawaddy" Vol. 17, No. 6 |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 19 January 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Social Democratic Parties in Southeast Asia - Chances and Limits |
| Date of publication: | | January 2009 |
| Description/subject: | | The people of Southeast Asia, both masses and elites alike, looked for many years
foremost up to the United States of America (US) as a role model state. However, the
war on terrorism waged by the current US administration linked with cuts in civil
liberties and human rights violations, especially the illegal detention and torture of
prisoners in Guantanamo Bay, has in the eyes of many Southeast Asians considerably
discredited the US concept of liberal democracy. Furthermore, the US propagated
classical economic liberalism has failed to deliver the most basic human necessities to
the poor, and the current food and energy crisis as well as the latest bank crisis in the
US prove that neo-liberalism is itself in trouble. The result of neo-liberalism, dominated
by trade and financial liberalization, has been one of deepening inequality, also and
especially in the emerging economies of Southeast Asia. Falling poverty in one
community, or one country or region, is corresponding with deepening poverty
elsewhere. The solution can therefore not be more liberalization, but rather more
thought and more policy space for countries to pursue alternative options such as
“Social Democracy”. |
| Author/creator: | | Norbert von Hofmann |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Friedrich Ebert Stiftung |
| Format/size: | | pdf (173K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 12 October 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Burma's continuing fear of invasion |
| Date of publication: | | 28 May 2008 |
| Description/subject: | | Even before 1988, when the armed forces crushed a massive pro-democracy uprising and took back direct political power, Burma’s military government feared an invasion of the country. In those days, the greatest danger was seen to emanate from China, but over the past 20 years the US and EU have been viewed as Burma’s greatest military threat. Even the UN is distrusted. |
| Author/creator: | | Andrew Selth |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | "The Interpreter" - weblog of the Lowy Institute for International Policy |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 05 March 2009 |
|
| Title: | | The "Balkanization’ of Burma?" - a review of "Political Authority in Burma’s Ethnic Minority States: Devolution, Occupation, and Coexistence", by Mary P. Callahan, and "Assessing Burma’s Ceasefire Accords", |
| Date of publication: | | May 2008 |
| Description/subject: | | "Political Authority in Burma’s Ethnic Minority States: Devolution, Occupation, and Coexistence", by Mary P. Callahan, Policy Studies 31, East-West Center, Washington, 2007, P 94; "Assessing Burma’s Ceasefire Accords", by Zaw Oo and Win Min, Policy Studies 39, East-West Center, Washington, 2007, P 91....
Two studies draw a landscape of a fragmented country....
"IT has become fashionable to call up the specter of “balkanization” in Burma. The term, which means the fragmentation of large regions into smaller, violently competitive or antagonistic entities, as occurred in the Balkan wars of the late 19th century and in the breakup of Yugoslavia less than 20 years ago, also invokes images of ethnic cleansing and chaos.
Anyone with a grasp of history and geography knows that Burma has actually been fragmented for decades. A study of the map, a tally of the ethnic minorities of Burma and neighboring countries, and an understanding of the effects of 60 years of colonialism and of the following six decades of war—all confirm this conclusion.
For those not much interested in human development and human rights, things in Burma are in some ways better now than they ever were. As these two academic monographs by notable Burma experts contend, the country now is arguably at its most stable, peaceful, geographically united and developed juncture since 1948. That doesn’t mean things are good, however.... Callahan argues that the process has produced three broad forms of government in border areas. The first of these, devolution, admits that non-state entities (such as warlords and resistance forces) control the area. The second, occupation, entails government forces establishing uncontested control over a patch of territory. The third, coexistence, involves the cooperation of state and non-state authorities (often uneasily) to control an area. This latter arrangement is hardly ideal, but it supports the contention of Zaw Oo and Win Min that a peace of sorts has been reached. |
| Author/creator: | | David Scott Mathieson |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | "The Irrawaddy" Vol. 16, No. 5 |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 01 May 2008 |
|
| Title: | | Supporting IDP resistance strategies |
| Date of publication: | | 23 April 2008 |
| Description/subject: | | "...Whether in hiding or living under military control, displaced villagers of Karen State and other areas of rural Burma have shown themselves to be innovative and courageous in responding to and resisting military abuse. They urgently need increased assistance but it is they who should determine the direction of any such intervention. This article, co-authored by two KHRG staff members, appears in issue number 30 of the journal Forced Migration Review (FMR), issued in April 2008 and is available on both the KHRG and FMR websites..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Human Right Group Articles & Papers (KHRG #2008-W1) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (109 KB) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.khrg.org/khrg2008/khrg08w1.html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 25 November 2009 |
|
| Title: | | Problemstaat Myanmar: Zum schwierigen Umgang mit dem Militärregime |
| Date of publication: | | November 2007 |
| Description/subject: | | Eine Analyse über den Charakter und die Geschichte des Militärregimes, die Rolle der intnernationalen Gemeinschaft, der EU, USA und China und die Wirkung von Sanktionen, insbesondere nach den Aufständen 2007. Möglichkeiten und Grenzen eines UN-Engagements; character and history of the military regime, international community, USA, EU, China; impact of sanctions, uprisings 2007, UN-Engagement |
| Author/creator: | | Marco Buente |
| Language: | | German, Deutsch |
| Source/publisher: | | German Institute of Global and Area Studies |
| Format/size: | | PDF |
| Date of entry/update: | | 19 October 2010 |
|
| Title: | | BIRMA, BURMA, MYANMAR? - ZUR KLÄRUNG DER STAATSBEZEICHNUNG |
| Date of publication: | | 2007 |
| Description/subject: | | In der deutschen Presse, im Bundestag und deutschsprachigen EU-Dokumenten wird meist Birma verwendet. Es handelt sich dabei um die Eindeutschung einer Lautvariante von Burmah, wie der Name des Landes im 19. Jahrhundert geschrieben wurde. Dabei handelte es sich um eine lokale Adaption des Wortes Myanma(r) (eigentlich ohne r“). Myanmarisierungs-Kampagne; Myanmafication; |
| Author/creator: | | Heike Löschmann, René Hingst |
| Language: | | German, Deutsch |
| Source/publisher: | | Heinrich Böll Stiftung |
| Format/size: | | html (28K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 19 December 2007 |
|
| Title: | | A Capital Error |
| Date of publication: | | May 2006 |
| Description/subject: | | Pyinmana is booming—but at what cost?...
"Once a rural backwater, Pyinmana is now a boom town, as Burma’s rulers shift their power center from Rangoon, some 320 km to the south. Visitors returning to Pyinmana after an absence of only a few years would scarcely recognize the city that has risen from a provincial town of 100,000 inhabitants, who once owed their livelihoods to logging and a sugarcane refinery.
Now new businesses—particularly construction companies and real estate firms—are shooting up like forest mushrooms in the rainy season..." |
| Author/creator: | | Aung Lwin Oo |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | "The Irrawaddy" Vol. 14, No. 5 |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 28 December 2006 |
|
| Title: | | Der Traum vom buddhistischen Wohlfahrtsstaat |
| Date of publication: | | 29 December 2005 |
| Description/subject: | | Die hier vorgestellte These besagt, dass es im buddhistischen Birma ein von Menschen aus allen Schichten der Bevölkerung geteiltes geschichtlich überliefertes System von Vorstellungen und Erwartungen gibt, das mit unserem Begriff "Wohlfahrtsstaat" belegt werden kann.
keywords: burmese way to socialism, social system, constitution, political culture, welfare state |
| Author/creator: | | Hans-Bernd Zöllner |
| Language: | | Deutsch, German |
| Source/publisher: | | Asienhaus Focus Asien Nr. 26; S. 15-21 |
| Format/size: | | pdf |
| Date of entry/update: | | 20 March 2006 |
|
| Title: | | Retreat to the Jungle |
| Date of publication: | | December 2005 |
| Description/subject: | | Pyinmana move shows how nervous the generals are getting...
"A young Burma Army officer and his platoon were told, on being transferred to Rangoon from an ethnic region in upper Burma: “We are sending you to the front line.” It happened a few years ago, but what appeared at the time to be a joke still has serious validity today.
This is really how some army leaders now see Rangoon. It is not that Rangoon is about to be attacked by insurgents or terrorists—the threat posed by urban dissidents is what is making the junta paranoid..." |
| Author/creator: | | Aung Zaw |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | "The Irrawaddy" Vol.13, N. 12 |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 23 July 2008 |
|
| Title: | | Bomben, Gift und Beben |
| Date of publication: | | June 2005 |
| Description/subject: | | Über die Instrumentalisierung der Opfer nationaler Katastrophen. Nachrichten können auf unterschiedliche Weise ein Licht auf die Bedrohungen,
unter denen die Menschen des Landes seit Jahrzehnten leiden werfen.
Alle Katastrophen haben gemeinsam, dass in der Berichterstattung über die
Unglücke das Schicksal der Opfer hinter der Auseinandersetzung um die
Verantwortung für die Katastrophen und ihre Folgen zu verschwinden droht.
keywords: bombing, tsunami, katastrophe, politics, victimisation, instrumentalisation |
| Author/creator: | | Hans-Bernd Zöllner |
| Language: | | Deutsch, German |
| Source/publisher: | | Südostasien Jg. 2005 Nr. 2 - Asienhaus |
| Format/size: | | pdf |
| Date of entry/update: | | 17 March 2006 |
|
| Title: | | Dreams of a Rat Hole |
| Date of publication: | | April 2005 |
| Description/subject: | | Paranoid generals draw up plans to withdraw from Rangoon and go to ground...
"Burmese kings in the distant past had fanciful ideas of relocating their capital. It is perhaps no wonder then that the current military rulers are having similar thoughts, though for less grandiose reasons.
Now, according to military analysts in the capital, the generals have a blueprint to move their military headquarters, or war office as it’s called, from Rangoon to Pyinmana, in central Burma’s Mandalay division. But what for—does it make sense?..." |
| Author/creator: | | Aung Zaw |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | "The Irrawaddy" Vol. 13, No. 4 |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 27 April 2006 |
|
| Title: | | Birmanie: l’armée referme le jeu politique |
| Date of publication: | | March 2005 |
| Description/subject: | | "Résumé:
Arrivée au pouvoir en 1962 puis renouvelée par un second coup d’Etat militaire en septembre 1988, la junte birmane n’a eu de cesse de conforter son contrôle sur l’ensemble des institutions et de la conduite des affaires du pays (renommé Myanmar en 1989). Pourtant, en août 2003, l’initiative du Premier ministre et chef des Services de renseignements militaires, le général Khin Nyunt, proposant une « feuille de route vers la démocratie », a laissé entrevoir la possibilité d’une « transition démocratique », graduelle et contrôlée par le régime militaire. Mais l’éviction de Khin Nyunt en octobre 2004 marque le retour de la ligne dure du régime et des derniers caciques nationalistes de l’armée, opposés à toute négociation avec l’opposition démocratique civile menée par Aung San Suu Kyi, en résidence surveillée depuis mai 2003. Grâce à un environnement stratégique favorable, le régime a toutes les chances de pérenniser son pouvoir en dictant ses propres règles du jeu « démocratique », recherchant la stabilité plutôt que la libéralisation du pays, au détriment de l’opposition et des minorités ethniques....Abstract
The Burmese junta that came to power in 1962, and reaffirmed its domination by a second military coup d’état in September of 1988, has steadily increased its control over the nation’s institutions and over the running of the country (renamed Myanmar in 1989). In August of 2003, the decision taken by General Khin Nyunt, Prime Minister and head of military intelligence, to propose “a road map to democracy” suggested that a gradual “transition to democracy”, closely supervised by the military regime, was possible. But the ousting of Khin Nuyunt in October 2004 spelled the return of the regime’s hardliners and of the last of the army’s nationalist chiefs, adamantly opposed to any negotiations with the democratic civilian opposition led by Aung San Suu, held under house arrest since May 2003. Thus the regime, strengthened by a favorable strategic environment, has a good chance of remaining in power by setting its own rules for “democratic” procedures, its aim being to keep the country stable rather pursuing a process of liberalization. Such a policy will inevitably be detrimental to the interests of the opposition and the ethnic minorities..." |
| Author/creator: | | Renaud Egreteau |
| Language: | | Francais, French |
| Source/publisher: | | Les Études du CERI N° 114 - mars 2005 (Centre d'études et de recherches internationales, Sciences Po) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (188K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 20 August 2007 |
|
| Title: | | Political Reforms Needed - |
| Date of publication: | | November 2004 |
| Description/subject: | | "Burma’s ruling State Peace and Development Council, or SPDC, is keeping the effects of last month’s purge secret but the damage has been quite extensive and the generals are trying their best to tackle the problem. The crisis may be the most serious that the Defense Services have faced since the 1988 nationwide uprising..." |
| Author/creator: | | Bo Hla Tint |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | "The Irrawaddy", Vol. 12, No. 10 |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 31 January 2005 |
|
| Title: | | Junta Knows Best |
| Date of publication: | | October 2004 |
| Description/subject: | | The pessimists have been vindicated...
As recent developments have shown, the most essential quality in any self-respecting Burma-watcher has got to be pessimism. As far back as the 1970s, reputable journals would regularly print articles by supposed scholars of Burmese politics who claimed to have spotted portents of change flickering behind the Golden Curtain. Year after year, every optimistic prediction by an academic proved to be wrong..." |
| Author/creator: | | Dominic Faulder |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | "The Irrawaddy" vol. 12, No. 9 |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 11 November 2004 |
|
| Title: | | Burma Talk - Interview with Bertil Lintner |
| Date of publication: | | December 2003 |
| Description/subject: | | Burma expert Bertil Lintner shares his views on the country’s political condition. |
| Author/creator: | | Kyaw Zwa Moe, Bertil Lintner |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | "The Irrawaddy" vol. 11, No. 10 |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 14 February 2004 |
|
| Title: | | Democratic Revolutions: Why Some Succeed, Why Others Fail |
| Date of publication: | | 27 August 2003 |
| Description/subject: | | Abstract: Since the latter years of the Cold War, strong democratic revolutionary movements seeking the overthrow of authoritarian regimes have arisen in many countries. Such movements have succeeded in some countries, including the Philippines (1986), South Korea (1988), the countries of Eastern Europe (1989), Russia (1991), and Serbia (2000). On the other hand, strong democratic movements which rose up in some countries were crushed before they could take power in China (1989), Burma/Mayanmar (1990), and Algeria (1992).
Strong movements seeking the ouster of incumbent authoritarian regimes and their replacement by democratic government rose up in each of these cases. What, then, accounts for the success of democratic revolution in some of these cases and its failure in others? This paper will examine this question first through an examination of some of the theoretical literature on revolution, and then through a comparison of three cases of successful democratic revolution (the Philippines, Russia, and Serbia) with three cases of failed democratic revolution (China, Burma/Myanmar, and Algeria).
Certain theorists, including Crane Brinton and Timothy Wickham-Crowley, have argued that the key factor in deciding whether or not non-democratic revolution succeeds or fails is the role of the armed forces. If the armed forces protect the ancien regime, then the revolutionary opposition is unable to seize power. If, however, the armed forces do not protect the ancien regime, then the revolutionaries usually do come to power. It will be argued here that just as in attempts at non-democratic revolution, the role played by the military is also the key factor in determining the outcome of democratic revolution. When the military is willing to use force to protect the ancien regime, democratic revolutionaries cannot prevail. It is only the refusal of the armed forces to do this that allows democratic revolutionaries to succeed.
What, though, determines whether the armed forces of an authoritarian regime will use force to suppress a democratic revolutionary movement or not? Through a comparison of the cases mentioned above, I will argue here that the decision by the armed forces not to protect an authoritarian regime is not the result of a democratic conversion on the part of the military as a whole, but instead results from an overwhelming desire to prevent conflict within the military. Thus, if even a small number of key commanders defect to the democratic opposition, this can neutralize the armed forces as a whole even though most military leaders may be wary of, or even hostile to, democratization. But if these key defections to the democratic opposition do not occur and the military remains unified, it is able to crush the democratic revolutionaries easily......Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Philadelphia Marriott Hotel, Philadelphia, PA, Aug 27, 2003. |
| Author/creator: | | Mark Katz |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | American Political Science Association |
| Format/size: | | pdf (169K) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs6/Democratic_revolutions.pdf |
| Date of entry/update: | | 24 January 2009 |
|
| Title: | | 'External' Aspects of Self-Determination Movements in Burma |
| Date of publication: | | February 2003 |
| Description/subject: | | Abstract: "Based on secondary resources and long term anthropological field research, this paper explores some of the 'external' factors involved in the pro-democracy and ethnic struggles for self-determination currently being experienced in Burma. The analysis draws in cultural, economic and political aspects to demonstrate that a number of macro- and micro-level external or external-origin influences are at play, at a number of different 'inside', 'outside' and marginal sites. The paper argues in particular that 'cultural' factors such as computer-mediated communication and contacts with outsiders when living in exile, serve as means by which real, virtual and imaginary connections are drawn between these different sites and the actors who inhabit them. In the context of Burma, this paper thus presents a glimpse into this complexity of origin and substance of external influences, of interactions between the external and the internal, and of the multidirectional pathways along which they operate. After an introductory overview, it does so by first reviewing some pertinent macro-political and macro-economic external factors, including international views and strategic interests. The paper then focuses on micro-level social and cultural issues, examining aspects of new media as utilised by the Burmese exile community and international activists. External influences on exiled communities living in the margins on the Thai-Burma border (characterised by the paper as neither 'inside' nor 'outside' proper), including Christianity and foreign non-governmental organisations, are then explored. The paper concludes that inside views, reactions and experiences of outside influences are presently just as important in determining outcomes as are the outside influences themselves." |
| Author/creator: | | Sandra Dudley |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Queen Elizabeth House |
| Format/size: | | pdf (123K) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://ideas.repec.org/p/qeh/qehwps/qehwps94.html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 08 July 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Shaping Civil-Military Relations in Burma: Learning Lessons from ASEAN |
| Date of publication: | | 06 August 2002 |
| Description/subject: | | Workshops in Thailand and Indonesia - Summary
Report...
"Highlights of Workshop Results:
The workshops built critical capacity and linkages for TBF and TAN to work with key
opinion makers and think tanks within the ASEAN region and to provide informed
policy inputs that can shape ASEAN strategies in dealing with current political situations
as well as future transitions in Burma. The following list of achievements at the
workshop:
A. Learning Lessons from Country Experiences in Civil-Military
Relations: The workshops produced a number of practical ideas and
interesting thoughts for the development of effective policies toward
securing democratic control of the armed forces in Burma. The workshops
have identified opportunities and challenges facing each country, many of
which are relevant to the Burmese context...
B. Promoting Awareness and Mutual Understanding of Burma and her
Neighbors: The workshops have increased the understanding of
transitional issues facing Burma, and greater knowledge sharing and
cooperation between Burmese experts and academics with those from the
neighboring countries. They have facilitated a productive interaction
between Burmese and ASEAN experts in learning lessons of transition
from one another, and applying them in their related work...
C. Laying foundations for regional security dialogue: TBF aims to foster
more initiatives on regional security dialogue that can help academics and
security experts in collaborating between their respective national projects
on a regional basis. These new partnerships will certainly create and
enhance long-lasting and productive relationships between a future
democratic Burma and its neighbors..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | The Burma Fund, Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS Indonesia), International IDEA |
| Format/size: | | pdf (648K) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.burmaguide.net/res-en/BIG19_15_en/view |
| Date of entry/update: | | 18 October 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Burma - Twelve Years After 1988 - A Common Future? |
| Date of publication: | | August 2002 |
| Description/subject: | | "In August PD Burma/Worldview Rights launched the report "Burma - Twelve Years After 1988 - A Common Future?" written by Camilla Buzzi, post-graduate student in political science at the University of Oslo, Norway.
Is the democratisation of Burma still in progress? What are the obstacles to a transition towards democratic rule?
The report provides an overview of the main players on the Burmese political stage and presents the key issues that have divided Burma over the past twelve years...
Is the democratisation of Burma still in progress? What are the obstacles to a transition towards democratic rule?
The report provides an overview of the main players on the Burmese political stage and presents the key issues that have divided Burma over the past twelve years.
Table of contents:
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY;
INTRODUCTION: A country in transition?
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND: The lead-up to 1988;
I. The foundation of modern Burma;
II. Burma at Independence: Two conflicts about fundamentals;
III. Government response in an era of
parliamentary democracy, 1948-1962;
IV. The era of socialist rule, 1962-1988;
THE PROTAGONISTS: Who are the key players today?
I. The armed forces;
II. The pro-democracy movement;
III. The ethnic movement;
GOALS AND PROCESSES: A common future?
I. Differing concepts of democracy;
II. Alternative transition processes
III. The difficult issues;
THE BACKDROP: What are the options?
I. Economic and social deterioration;
II. A divided international community;
AN ATTEMPT TO CONCLUDE: What comes next?
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING;
WEB SOURCES;
ENDNOTES. |
| Author/creator: | | Camilla Buzzi |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | PD Burma/Worldview Rights |
| Format/size: | | html (467K), Word (352K) 70 pages |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs/CB-Word.doc |
| Date of entry/update: | | 07 July 2003 |
|
| Title: | | Spitting Images |
| Date of publication: | | June 2002 |
| Description/subject: | | "While the junta and the opposition have long been at odds, the two sides frequently display a striking resemblance.
The stark contrasts between the Burmese junta and many of its opponents are taken as a given, but upon closer inspection their resemblance is striking. Although many in the opposition will not admit it openly, the two sides are, to a large extent, mirror images of each other, distinguishable only by their aspirations�the regime opposes democracy while the opposition embraces it..." |
| Author/creator: | | Aung Naing Oo |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | "The Irrawaddy" Vol. 10, No. 5, June 2002 |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | Burma in five Years |
| Date of publication: | | April 2002 |
| Description/subject: | | Prognoses by: Aung Ko, Khun Marko Ban, Saw Ba Thin Sein, Zaw Oo, Aung Moe Zaw, Kyaw Zan Tha, Dr Sein Win, Aung Naing Oo, Lian H Sakhong, Seng Suk, Bo Kyi, Mi Sue Pwint, Sui Khar, Dr Chao-Tzang Yawnghwe, Moe Thee Zun, Than Khe, Dr Cynthia Maung, Dr Myat Htoo Razak, Dr Thaung Htun, Harn Yawnghwe, Dr Myint Cho, Dr Thein Lwin, Hte Bu Peh, Nai Han Thar, Tin Htar Swe, James Lum Dau, Dr Naing Aung, Tin Moe, Khaing Myo Khaing, Nang Hseng Noung, Tin Tut. |
| Author/creator: | | Dr Cynthia Maung, Dr Myat Htoo Razak, Dr Thaung Htun, Than Khe, Aung Moe Zaw, Kyaw Zan Tha, Dr Sein Win, |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | "The Irrawaddy" Vol. 10, No. 3 |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | Looted Land, Proud People: The Case for Canadian Action in Burma |
| Date of publication: | | 2002 |
| Description/subject: | | A useful and balanced overview.
FACTS ABOUT BURMA...
BURMA: A CHRONOLOGY...
CHAPTER 1: BACKGROUND TO 1988:
Rise of Nationalism;
Ne Win and Isolationism;
Growth of Heroin Industry...
CHAPTER 2: THE MEN BEHIND THE MASSACRES:
The Ordeal of Aung San Suu Kyi...
CHAPTER 3: THE HUMAN COSTS OF MILITARY RULE:
Refugees;
Political Prisoners;
Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) and Forced Relocation;
Forced Labour;
Students and Education;
Political Prisoners;
Freedom of the Press;
The Militarization of Society;
Women Living under a Military Dictatorship;
Political Prisoners...
CHAPTER 4: THE CRIMINAL ECOMONY:
Sectors Complicit with Forced Labour;
Opium, Heroin and a Drug Economy...
CHAPTER 5: FORCED LABOUR AND THE ILO:
ILO Commission of Inquiry, 1998 Report;
Follow-up to the 1998 Report;
CHAPTER 6: GEOPOLITICS AND INTERNATIONAL INFLUENCES:
Neighbouring Countries;
Malaysia,Singapore and ASEA;
Canada and Other International Influences;
The United Nations;
Other National Governments;
How Does Canada Measure Up?;
Civil Society...
CHAPTER 7: CONCLUSIONS:
Canada’s Role;
Development Assistance;
Trade and Investment...
FURTHER READING...
WEB CONNECTIONS. |
| Author/creator: | | Clyde Sanger |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Canadian Friends of Burma |
| Format/size: | | pdf (1.35MB) 52 pages |
| Date of entry/update: | | 09 July 2003 |
|
| Title: | | The Disorder in Order: the Army-State in Burma since 1962 |
| Date of publication: | | 2002 |
| Description/subject: | | Book Announcement, Table of Contents and ordering information.
"The Disorder in Order examines Burma’s history of “regime entropy” following the March 1962 coup d’etat that ended the country’s brief experiment with parliamentary government. Implementing socialist economic policies in central Burma and a hard line against ethnic minority and communist insurgents in the Border Areas, Ne Win’s Army-State presided over the country’s fall from prosperity to Least Developed Nation status by 1987. The following year, a new martial law regime, the State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC), brutally suppressed a nationwide movement for democracy that drew on the country’s colonial-era traditions of revolutionary nationalism. Although SLORC promoted an open economy, including foreign private investment, the second Army-State operates on the same assumptions as its predecessor: that government is synonymous with pacification, unquestioned central control and cultural homogenization.
The author argues that while the post-1988 junta, renamed the State Peace and Development Council in 1997, claims a unique mission in defending national unity and social order, its policies generate political disunity and socio-economic disorder. Tragically, genuine order, the key to Burma’s development, remains out of reach as the 21st century dawns..."
Bangkok: White Lotus, 2002). 403 pp. US$25.00. |
| Author/creator: | | Donald M. Seekins |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | White Lotus |
| Format/size: | | html (10K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | Myanmar: The Military Regime's View of the World |
| Date of publication: | | 07 December 2001 |
| Description/subject: | | On the basis of an examination of Burma's foreign relations and the world views and actions of the Burmese generals, this important report makes the case for gradual engagement and against an international policy of confrontation. Whether or not one agrees with all or any of the conclusions and recommendations, the analysis is one which must inform any international approach to Burma. "Since coming to power in 1988, the most recent military rulers of Burma/Myanmar have effectively resisted external demands to turn over power to a democratic government. Most of the outside pressure has failed to take into account how this government sees and responds to the world beyond its
borders. This paper examines the military's perspective on foreign relations and explains why many current international strategies have failed to push it
towards democracy or economic reforms. The modern state of Myanmar was forged under colonialism and born in the
aftermath of World War II. Since independence in 1947, continuous domestic
conflict and the failure of successive governments to forge a stable and
prosperous nation have sustained fears of foreign intervention and reinforced a
mindset that foreigners are to blame for the country's many problems. During four decades of military rule, Myanmar's leaders have grown increasingly
inward-looking and alienated. They are driven by an obsession with national
sovereignty to seek almost total autonomy from international influences. The
hallmark of a foreign policy driven by insecurity has been self-reliance. Since
1962, military leaders have insisted that Myanmar, as much as possible, do
things its own way and rely on its own resources. They perceive their country
and its problems to be not only unique, but also essentially unfathomable to
outsiders. They also exhibit a clear lack of understanding of international affairs
and the motivations, and values of other nations..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | International Crisis Group |
| Format/size: | | PDF (445K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | Dialog in vermintem Gelaende |
| Date of publication: | | June 2001 |
| Description/subject: | | Analytische Aspekte zu den im Oktober 2000 begonnenen
Gesprächen zwischen der Militärjunta und der Opposition in Burma und den Reaktionen darauf von Hans-Bernd Zoellner, einem der führenden Burma-Wissenschaftler in Deutschland (Downlaod als pdf-Datei).
Hans-Bernd Zoellner's analysis of the current talks between Aung San Suu Kyi and the SPDC. (it is in pdf-format for download). (history, NLD, SPDC, politics, also: international community reactions and human rights movement
mentioned in the article). |
| Author/creator: | | Hans-Bernd Zöllner |
| Language: | | Deutsch |
| Source/publisher: | | Südostasien, Jg. 17, Nr. 2 - Asienhaus |
| Format/size: | | PDF (114K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | Burma/Myanmar: How Strong is the Military Regime? |
| Date of publication: | | 21 December 2000 |
| Description/subject: | | This report, the first in a proposed series, is a preliminary assessment of the strengths and vulnerabilities of the State Peace and Development Council (SPDC), the military regime ruling Burma/Myanmar. Its purpose is to provide essential background - not at this stage policy prescriptions - for policy makers addressing the prospects for non-violent democratic transition in the country and ways to achieve that transition. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | International Crisis Group |
| Format/size: | | pdf (305K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | An Overview of Burma's Ethnic Politics |
| Date of publication: | | 31 October 2000 |
| Description/subject: | | "... The fact that many pro-democracy leaders in Burma now recognize the importance of ethnic issues
and have developed working relationships with ethnic leaders offers hope that ethnic political
demands will ultimately be resolved at the negotiating table. However, such a resolution is unlikely
to be implemented by the military regime, which rejects decentralization and power-sharing. The
ongoing civil war, population relocations, and religious persecution, compounded by appeals to
narrow nationalism on all sides, have caused much damage. Without visionary leadership, a
commitment to dialogue, and the emergence of a culture of tolerance, lasting peace will continue to
elude Burma..." |
| Author/creator: | | Christina Fink |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | "Cultural Survival Quarterly" Issue 24.3 |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 14 December 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Approaching Burma/Myanmar: Foreign Policy Dilemmas |
| Date of publication: | | 03 August 1999 |
| Description/subject: | | A slightly edited transcript of a talk by Professor Steinberg at Monash University on Tuesday 3 August 1999.
"...So what is the contemporary reality in Burma today? In my view the military is
determined to retain power in that society. It may civilianise but it will not have a civilian
government it does not control. That, I believe, is its plan. The circumstances might
change; but that is my view of the military's intent.
Second, the military is stronger now that it has been before. It is stronger and it has
expanded its role and its numbers. Its armaments have increased-some US$1.4billion
worth of new arms since 1988. It has effectively neutralised a large part of the minority
opposition. There have been about 16 cease-fires which are fragile, but now the military
is not losing troops except on Karen front. The Communist Party has disintegrated. So
the military is in a strong position.
Third, the National League for Democracy is in a weaker position than it has been in the
past. The military is out to destroy the National League, to isolate Aung San Suu Kyi
from the League and to make sure they never come to power..." |
| Author/creator: | | David Steinberg |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Monash University |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 14 December 2010 |
|
| Title: | | "Kingship in Pagan Wundauk U Tin's Myan-Ma-Mwn-Ok-Cjok-Pon-Sa-Dnn" |
| Date of publication: | | 1998 |
| Description/subject: | | This paper analyzes the attitudes toward kingship expressed in the Myan-ma-Mn Ok-cjok-pon Sa-dnn'["The Royal Administration of Burma"], written by Pagan U Tin (1861-1933) and first published shortly after the author's death. Following a brief biographical account of Pagan U Tin, the discussion considers four perspectives on Burmese kingship appearing in the work: 1) the king as judge; 2) the king as guarantor of regularity; 3) the king as descendant of the Sun (and of Mahasammata, originator of civil society); and 4) the king as Buddha-to-be. The Burmese monarch was predominantly a symbolic figure who affirmed the kingdom's past and guaranteed its future. Although U Tin reports on the questionable morality of Kings Mindon and Thibaw, he nevertheless addresses both as "Excellent King" and admonishes his readers against offending the dignity of the throne. |
| Author/creator: | | L.E. Bagshawe |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Journal of Burma Studies Vol. 3 (1998) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (1.09MB) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 10 March 2009 |
|
| Title: | | The Politics of Authoritarianism: The State and Political Soldiers in Burma, Indonesia and Thailand |
| Date of publication: | | September 1997 |
| Description/subject: | | Abstract: "This thesis investigates the impact of military rule on the state and society by looking at three cases from the same geographical region -- Burma, Indonesia, and Thailand -- that have experienced military intervention and military rule. The thesis is framed by a number of questions: Why does the military sometimes decide to stay on to run the state after it intervenes? What happens to the military, its leaders, and most importantly, the state and society when the military reorganizes the state into a military-authoritarian order? What are the political outcomes of military rule in terms of state autonomy? How can the political variations -- the extent of military penetration into the state order -- between military regimes be explained?
This thesis has found that there are three vital factors influencing the military's decision, having intervened, to stay on to rule the country. The most important factor is the emergence of an extraordinary military strongman-ruler. The second, and related, factor is military unity -- forged and maintained by the strongman-ruler and bound by the myth that the soldiers are the guardians and saviors of the state. The military supports the ruler and is in turn rewarded by him, and becomes a privileged class. Together they dominate and control other state and societal forces. In fact, while military-authoritarian states are highly autonomous from society, it is clear that the state is not well insulated from abuse by its own elites. The third factor is the extent to which the strongman-ruler is constrained by having to share power with an unimpeachable force (a person, ideal, or myth). This thesis has found that military rulers in Thailand have been constrained because of the person and the role of the monarch.
This thesis has also found significant variations in military-authoritarian states. They range from a nearly pure praetorian example to a tentative quasi-democratic set up -- resulting from historical circumstances combined with the vision, political will and astuteness of the strongman-ruler, his concern with his legacy, and the presence or not of an important constraining force. The military has played a dominant role in politics in Burma and Indonesia since the 1960s; in Thailand, it has been in and out of power since the 1930s. It has become apparent from this research that, although the global democratization trend is hopeful, it is not so easy to get a politicized military to go back to the barracks to stay." A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Graduate Studies (Department of Political Science), the University of British Columbia. |
| Author/creator: | | Chao-Tzang Yawnghwe |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | University of British Columbia (PhD Thesis) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (1.3MB), html (2MB), Word-full text (928K) or by individual chapter (html) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs/The_Politics_of_Authoritarianism.htm |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 August 2004 |
|
| Title: | | The Rajadhammasangaha |
| Date of publication: | | 1979 |
| Description/subject: | | "The Rajadhammasangaha" was presented to King Thibaw in December 1878. The first printing was c.1915. This translation by L.E.Bagshawe is from the version edited with a biographical preface by Maung Htin (U Htin Fatt) and published by the Sape U Publishing House in 1979...
"On the seventh waxing day of Nadaw...the Wetmasut Myoza Wungyi finished the writing of his book Rajadhammasangaha and presented it to King Thibaw. The author describes it pleasantly as “a book of the proper behaviour for Kings and other high officers of government”. The Pagan Wundauk U Tin, however, says “it is a book of admonishment addressed to King Thibaw.” And in this he speaks the direct truth. In this book the Wetmasut Myoza Wungyi documents the proposals for changes in the system of government that were planned from the time of King Mindon. His intention in writing the book, he says, is, “In bygone times of the Buddha-to-be there were good and excellent Kings who guarded the well-being of all living creatures; like them may our own King, Lord of the Saddanta Elephant and Lawful King, under the Law guard the well-being of all living creatures like that of his own beloved children.”
This expressed intention has a further meaning. Under an autocracy we cannot really say that the monarch rules with the single-minded wish to rule all living creatures on the same terms as his own children. If he is brought to the point where he must consult the "living creatures", we may be able to say that he regards them on equal terms with his own children. If there is no law requiring consultation, his guardianship becomes dubious..." |
| Author/creator: | | By the Yaw Mingyi U Hpo Hlaing (the Wetmasut Myoza Wungyi). Edited with biographical preface by Maung Htin (U Htin Fatt) and translated from the Burmese by L.E. Bagshawe |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Online Burma/Myanmar Library |
| Format/size: | | pdf (1MB) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs/The_Rajadhammasangaha-print.pdf (configured for print) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 05 September 2004 |
|
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Burma's opposition movement
This sub-section is under construction. See other sub-sections in Politics and Government and elsewhere in OBL
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Burma's opposition movement - general studies
Individual Documents
| Title: | | Burma's opposition movement: A house divided |
| Date of publication: | | 28 November 2008 |
| Description/subject: | | Burma’s opposition movement has always been strong, but never united. After 20 years of struggle, with no sign that the military government is weakening, the fissures in the movement seem to be more pronounced and the divisions more obvious. This could have far-reaching consequences. |
| Author/creator: | | Andrew Selth |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | "The Interpreter" - weblog of the Lowy Institute for International Policy |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 16 December 2010 |
|
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Burma's ethnic opposition
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Burma's ethnic opposition -- inside Burma
Individual Documents
| Title: | | Human Rights in Karen Areas of Burma |
| Date of publication: | | 08 April 1996 |
| Description/subject: | | Briefing Notes by Kevin Heppner, Karen Human Rights Group
April 8, 1996
"...Right now the opposition Karen National Union (KNU) is trying to conduct ceasefire negotiations with the SLORC (State Law & Order Restoration Council) military junta ruling Burma. Though the SLORC claims to be making every effort to bring peace to the country, they are still refusing to even discuss any political or human rights issues, and as a result the talks are making no progress. Many observers feel that the SLORC is not yet interested in a ceasefire, but wants to launch major attacks against the KNU first in order to weaken the KNU so it can be forced to accept what amount to surrender terms.
Regardless of the negotiations, SLORC continues to worsen the human rights situation for villagers throughout Karen areas. In some areas, such as Taungoo and Nyaunglebin, systematic abuse of the civilian population is being used partly with the intention of driving the KNU towards a ceasefire deal on very bad terms. However, in most areas the abuses are increasing as a direct result of SLORC moving in and exerting stronger control in areas where KNU forces have been weakened or eliminated. Even in areas close to central Burma which SLORC has always strongly controlled, the human rights situation is worsening because more Army Battalions are being sent in to strengthen control over the civilian population, and because SLORC’s use of forced labour is increasing nationwide. The sections below give summaries of the human rights situation prevailing in some example Karen regions, starting from the northern tip of Karen State and moving southward several hundred kilometres to Tenasserim Division..." |
| Author/creator: | | Kevin Heppner |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Human Rights Group (KHRG Articles & Papers) |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 26 November 2009 |
|
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Burma's political opposition
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Burma's political opposition -- inside Burma
Individual Documents
| Title: | | Oposition Movements in Burma: The Question of Relevancy |
| Date of publication: | | November 2010 |
| Description/subject: | | "Since Burma’s independence from British rule in 1948, the Burmese polity
has been fraught with contentious politics ranging from armed insurgencies
to non-violent movements against the state. The history of Burma’s opposition
movements, originating from the colonial period, can be understood
as five different forms of struggle—legal political means, armed insurrections,
underground (clandestine) activities, above-ground engagements
(through civil society groups and the domestic media), and international
advocacy (through lobbying, grassroots campaigns, and the foreign media
including Burmese language broadcasts).
This paper will examine how opposition movements since 1988 have
played out until now and how they will remain relevant after the 2010
elections. Generally, relevancy is defined as a means to increase the likelihood
of accomplishing the professed goal,1 treating the goal more in
terms of consequence (the actual outcome as opposed to the morality of
intention). Public support or legitimacy plays a key role in determining
relevancy. However, in the context of opposition movements in Burma,
we must consider their moral ground. This paper will probe the question
of relevancy for Burmese opposition movements from two perspectives—
legitimacy and outcome." |
| Author/creator: | | Min Zin |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Washington, D.C. |
| Format/size: | | pdf (173K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 20 November 2010 |
|
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Cities and City planning
Individual Documents
| Title: | | Rangoon’s Road Worriers |
| Date of publication: | | August 2010 |
| Description/subject: | | The mean streets of Burma’s crumbling former capital make residents’ daily commute a constant source of trepidation...
"“I take my life into my own hands every time I get behind the wheel,” said Tin Sein, a bus driver whose regular route takes him from South Dagon Township on the eastern outskirts of Rangoon to Lanmadaw Street in the downtown core of Burma’s largest city. “But this is how I make my living, so all I can do is pray to Buddha that I make it through another day.”
Even as a 25-year veteran of Rangoon’s decrepit public transit system, Tin Sein still dreads the nasty surprises that the city’s roads routinely throw at him. Besides the potholes that lurk everywhere, he also has to contend with vehicles perpetually teetering on the brink of their next breakdown. It is not uncommon, he said, to see a wheel fly off a car or for brakes to suddenly fail when they’re needed most..." |
| Author/creator: | | Hsat Linn |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | "The Irrawaddy" Vol. 18, No. 8 |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 31 August 2010 |
|
| Title: | | The Chinese Road to Mandalay |
| Date of publication: | | April 2009 |
| Description/subject: | | Burma's second city looks back on 150 years of rich history...
"HISTORY has greatly altered the face of Mandalay - and in this anniversary year, 150 years after its founding, Burma's second city is again undergoing radical change.
Ruled for many early years by Britain, Mandalay is now falling under the influence of a new wave of outsiders - "the Chinese.
The city has had a Chinese community since the days when it was ruled by King Mindon (1853-78). Migration from China really began, however, with the arrival of remnants of the Kuomintang army fleeing advancing Communist forces at the end of China's civil war in 1949..." |
| Author/creator: | | Min Lwin |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | "The Irrawaddy" Vol. 17, No. 2 |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 02 April 2009 |
|
| Title: | | Capital Blues |
| Date of publication: | | November 2008 |
| Description/subject: | | Naypyidaw, now three years old, was designed and built to serve as the seat of Burma’s military government. For the ordinary Burmese who have to live and work there, it’s a city without a heart |
| Author/creator: | | Min Khet Maung |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | "The Irrawaddy" Vol. 16, No. 11 |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 16 November 2008 |
|
| Title: | | Dragging Burma Back to the Past |
| Date of publication: | | November 2008 |
| Description/subject: | | "WHEN Snr-Gen Than Shwe relocated the seat of Burma’s military government to a site some 320 km (200 miles) north of the former capital, Rangoon, he did so without any fanfare. Acting solely on his prerogatives as the undisputed ruler of the country, he offered no explanations to the Burmese people or the rest of the world. The move was announced only after it had become a fait accompli. The creation of Naypyidaw (which translates as the “Abode of Kings”) was an exercise in pure power—an act that appeared to serve no other purpose than to establish Than Shwe as a quasi-monarch in the tradition of past kings who have arbitrarily shifted the country’s administrative center to suit their whims..." |
| Author/creator: | | Editorial |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | "The Irrawaddy" Vol. 16, No. 11 |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 15 November 2008 |
|
| Title: | | Die Junta verbunkert sich im Dschungel |
| Date of publication: | | 01 December 2006 |
| Description/subject: | | Die ranghohen Militärs haben sich unterdessen weitab von Rangoon im Dschungel verbunkert: Handstreichartig liessen die Generäle im November 2005 den Regierungssitz von Rangoon nach dem rund 400 Kilometer nördlich gelegenen Pyinmana zügeln. Ganze Lkw-Konvois beladen mit Stühlen, Schreibtischen, Aktenschränken und Tausenden von konsternierten Beamten fuhren landeinwärts in den Dschungel. Astrologen des Oberkommandierenden Than Shwe hatten anscheinend das Datum für den Umzug bestimmt. Dahinter steckt laut Burma-Experten die Angst vor Volksaufständen in Rangoon, aber auch die Befürchtung vor einer Aggression der USA, die Burma als Schurkenstaat bezeichnet hat.
Unterschriftenaktion, Protestaktion, willkürliche Verhaftungen, Zwangsarbeit
Junta hides in the Jungle; Protests; Petition; Arbitrary Arrests; Forced Labor |
| Author/creator: | | Christine Plüss, Arbeitskreis Tourismus & Entwicklung |
| Language: | | German, Deutsch |
| Source/publisher: | | Fairunterwegs, Arbeitskreis Tourismus & Entwicklung |
| Format/size: | | Html (18k) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 18 August 2007 |
|
| Title: | | Beyond Rangoon |
| Date of publication: | | May 2006 |
| Description/subject: | | "As Burma’s military rulers settle into their new administrative capital near Pyinmana, the fate of Rangoon remains an open question
The symbolism was sure to spark rumors—towering concrete statues of three of Burma’s ancient conquerors overlooking the new military parade ground in Naypyidaw, the country’s newly-minted administrative capital. The name itself, which translates as “royal city,” suggests for some in Rangoon that the relocation is much more than the product of fear or astrology...s the regime begins a new chapter of its history in Naypyidaw, among concrete kings and theme-park recreations of the country’s principal monuments, many in Rangoon fear that the city’s broad avenues and historic buildings will fall prey to foreign invaders of another sort—developers from China, Malaysia, and Singapore.
Reports have circulated for years that the military government has been quietly attempting to auction off some of Rangoon’s oldest buildings...A source involved in the project has confirmed to The Irrawaddy that the Burmese government has brokered a deal with the Chinese company Shanghai Jingqiao to develop plans for a special economic zone adjacent to Rangoon’s Thilawa Port in Thanlyin Township.
Such a move would further entrench Chinese investors who have already made enormous inroads into Mandalay and elsewhere..." |
| Author/creator: | | Edward Blair |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | "The Irrawaddy" Vol. 14, No. 5 |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 28 December 2006 |
|
| Title: | | Rangoon Bets on Business |
| Date of publication: | | May 2006 |
| Description/subject: | | Burma's former capital is still the country's commercial hub...
The sudden relocation of Burma's capital may have sent government officials and Burmese civil servants moving north to Pyinmana, but for those involved in business Rangoon is still the center of Burma's commercial universe.
The new capital's largest port and its main airport. While Pyinmana remains cut off from the outside world, the former capital has direct international flights to such cities as Bangkok, Singapore, Kuala Lumpur and Taipei..." |
| Author/creator: | | Clive Parker |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | "The Irrawaddy" Vol. 14, No. 5 |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 28 December 2006 |
|
| Title: | | No Escape from the 31 Planes of Existence |
| Date of publication: | | February 2001 |
| Description/subject: | | Naypyidaw—the “Abode of Kings”—is Than Shwe’s monument to his own rule...
"I am not an astrologer, but I will venture one prediction about the year ahead: that the regime in Burma will hold its election as planned and formally introduce what it calls a “discipline-flourishing democracy.”
So far, however, the junta leaders remain tight-lipped about the how and when of the election. At this stage, the best anyone can offer is an educated guess.
But come what may, the election will happen—be sure of it.
Why am I so certain of this, when others have suggested that the junta will probably try to find some pretext to put the vote off indefinitely? Because the clearest evidence of the junta’s intentions can be found in Naypyidaw, where construction of new parliamentary buildings is proceeding apace.
This news is not entirely reassuring, however. According to a recent Reuters report, much work remains to be done on the new legislature, “from unfinished roads to painting many of the parliamentary complex’s 31 buildings, with pagoda-style roofs sheathed in scaffolding.”
But others who have been to the junta’s capital say that they are amazed at how much progress has been made since last March, when only the main building of the Hluttaw, or Parliament, had been completed. In recent months, the regime has ordered army engineers and construction workers to work even faster to meet their deadline—whenever that might be.
While some people are preoccupied with the question of when the buildings will be finished, I am more intrigued by the number being built—31.
In Buddhism, this number has a special significance. According to Buddhist cosmology, 31 is the number of planes of existence into which we can be reborn. Humans belong to the fifth plane, above other beings such as animals and hungry ghosts, but below the devas—the god-like beings who exist in the realms of form and formlessness.
The important thing to remember about the 31 planes of existence is that they are all subject to suffering. By following the Buddha’s teachings, however, one can escape the rounds of rebirth and attain a state that is completely beyond suffering, known as Nirvana..." |
| Author/creator: | | Aung Zaw |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | "The Irrawaddy" Vol. 18, No. 2 |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 28 February 2010 |
|
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Federalism, ethnic conflict and the politics of national reconciliation
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The Peace Processes
Individual Documents
| Title: | | Midwifing a Burmese peace |
| Date of publication: | | 08 March 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | "The government of President Thein Sein has had considerable success in wooing Western countries with a flurry of reforms. A transition to peaceful democracy, however, will be simply impossible without overcoming decades of mistrust and acrimony between the state and armed ethnic groups. Third-party mediation, whether through the U.N. or the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (Asean), is the way forward.Representatives of the government recently signed agreements with the United Wa State Army, the National Democratic Alliance Army, the Democratic Karen Buddhist Army, the Restoration Council of Shan State, the Chin National Front, the Karen National Union, the Shan State Progress Party and the New Mon State Party. Despite these agreements, and promises by the regime to follow up with development projects and parliamentary discussion, some groups refuse to negotiate and violence continues. Kachin state is currently experiencing its worst fighting in decades in some areas, with continuing reports of gross human rights abuses by the military against ethnic minorities..." |
| Author/creator: | | Eva Kusuma Sundari |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | "Wall Street Journal" via Burmanet News |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 01 September 2012 |
|
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Ethnic Nationalities Solidarity and Cooperation Committee (ENSCC)
(now merged into the Ethnic Nationalities Council)
Individual Documents
| Title: | | Road map for rebuilding the Pyi-Daung-Su Myanmar Naing-Ngan-Daw Union of Burma |
| Date of publication: | | 02 September 2003 |
| Description/subject: | | "... in spirit of Panglong, we are committed to national reconciliation and to the rebuilding of the Union as equal partners in the process. We believe that in order to establish a stable, peaceful and prosperous nation, the process of rebuilding the Union must be based on a democratic process which includes the following basic principles:
1. A peaceful resolution of crisis in the Union
2. The resolution of political problems through political dialogue
3. Respect for the will of the people,
4. The recognition and protection of the rights of all citizens of the Union,
5. The recognition and protection of the identity,language, religion, and culture rights all of
nationalities,
6. The recognition and protection of the rights of the constituent states of the Union through
a federal arrangement.
Therefore, in the interest of the nation, we recommend a two-stage process to generate confidence in the transition to democracy:..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Ethnic Nationalities Solidarity and Cooperation Committee Union of Burma (ENSCC) |
| Format/size: | | html (13K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 30 September 2003 |
|
| Title: | | ENSCC : The Constitutional Crisis |
| Date of publication: | | 2002 |
| Description/subject: | | "After the end of the Second World War, the leaders of the various ethnic nationalities met in 1946 in Panglong to deliberate the possibility of a future together after the proposed withdrawal of British protection. General Aung San, the Burman leader of the independence struggle in Ministerial Burma participated in the 2nd Panglong Conference in February 1947. He proposed that the separate ethnic homelands in the Frontier Areas be joined to Ministerial Burma as equal partners in a Union of Burma to hasten the process of achieving independence from Britain..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | ENSCC |
| Format/size: | | htmlo (14K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | ENSCC Mission Statement |
| Date of publication: | | 2002 |
| Description/subject: | | 1. Background History, Mandate and Mission;
2. Dialogue Strategy;
2.1. Tripartite Dialogue; 2.2. Ethnic Nationalities Conference; 2.3. International Lobby Trips; 2.4.Panglong Initiative: More Concrete Plan (on Humanitarian Aid, Cease Fire, and Political Dialogue); 3.1. Tactics & Strategy : Federalism vs. Independence; 3.2. The Mode of Representation: States- or Ethnic-based?; 4. Statement on the Release of Daw Aung Suu Kyi(Date: 9 May 2002); 5. The ENSCC Committee Members; Appendix:
SCC Position on Humanitarian Aid: Decision made at the SCC meeting held in January 2001. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Ethnic Nationalities Solidarity and Cooperation Committee |
| Format/size: | | html (77K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | ENSCC Policy paper: The New Panglong Initiative - Re-building the Union of Burma |
| Date of publication: | | 2002 |
| Description/subject: | | "Preamble:
Over five decades ago, while our leaders were meeting in Panglong to deliberate the possibility of a future together after the proposed withdrawal of British protection, General Aung San, the Burman leader of the independence struggle in Ministerial Burma arrived. He instead proposed that our separate homelands in the Frontier Areas be joined to Ministerial Burma as equal partners in a new Union of Burma to hasten the process of achieving independence from Britain. On 11 February 1947, he said:
The dream of a unified and free Burma has always haunted me We who are gathered here tonight are engaged in the pursuit of the same dream. We have in Burma many indigenous peoples: the Karen, the Kachin, the Shan, the Chin, the Burmans and others In other countries too there are many indigenous peoples, many races. Thus races do not have rigid boundaries. Religion is no barrier either, for it is a matter of individual conscience If we want the nation to prosper, we must pool our resources, manpower, wealth, skills and work together. If we are divided, the Karen, the Shan, the Kachin, the Chin, the Burman, the Mon and the Arakanese, each pulling in a different direction, the Union will be torn, and we will come to grief. Let us unite and work together.
Our forefathers agreed and the Panglong Agreement came into being, providing a legal framework within which the different ethnic peoples would cooperate as equals. The Aung San-Attlee Agreement, which paved the way for Burmas independence, had called for the unification of the Frontier Areas and Ministerial Burma with the free consent of those areas. The Panglong Agreement, therefore, became the basis for the 1947 Union Constitution and the Republic of the Union of Burma gained independence in 1948.
We, the representatives of the Arakan, Chin, Kachin, Karen, Karenni, Mon and Shan peoples, therefore, in the spirit of Panglong, are putting forward our vision of how our peoples can once again work together voluntarily as equals with the Burmans to rebuild the Republic of the Union of Burma, which has been devastated by five decades of war..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | ENSCC |
| Format/size: | | html (36K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | ENSCC: Humanitarian Aid |
| Date of publication: | | 2002 |
| Description/subject: | | "In order to rebuild the Union of Burma, any Transitional Authority will face tremendous challenges. It cannot convene a new Panglong Conference or Constitutional Convention, without also dealing with the huge problems facing the nation both economic and social..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | ENSCC |
| Format/size: | | html (13K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | ENSCC: Tripartite Dialogue |
| Date of publication: | | 2002 |
| Description/subject: | | "A 'Tripartite Dialogue' is usually understood to mean a dialogue amongst three parties: the military government (SPDC), the democracy forces (NLD) and the ethnic nationalities. The notion of 'Tripartite Dialogue', therefore, highlights the indispensable participation of the ethnic nationalities in political transition and national reconciliation processes..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | ENSCC |
| Format/size: | | html (14K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | ENSCC: Vision for the Future |
| Date of publication: | | 2002 |
| Description/subject: | | "The ENSCC firmly believe that the crisis in the Union of Burma today is rooted in a political problem, specifically a constitutional one the non-adherence to the spirit of Panglong.
The ENSCC believes that differences can be overcome through political means, i.e. through political dialogue, negotiations and compromise. The ENSCC, therefore, welcomes the current Talks between Daw Aung San Suu Kyi and the State Peace and Development Council (SPDC)..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | ENSCC |
| Format/size: | | html (13K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | Ethnic Nationalities Solidarity and Co-operation Committee [history and composition] |
| Date of publication: | | 2002 |
| Description/subject: | | 'The "Ethnic Nationalities Solidarity and Co-operation Committee" (ENSCC) was formed in August 2001 to co-ordinate the work of the following non-Burman political groupings:
National Democratic Front (NDF),
United Nationalities League for Democracy - Liberated Area (UNLD-LA),
Non-ceasefire groups like the Karenni National Progressive Party (KNPP), and
Ceasefire groups...' |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | ENSCC |
| Format/size: | | html (39K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | Law Khii Lah Statement (August 2001) |
| Date of publication: | | 30 August 2001 |
| Description/subject: | | Law Khii Lah Statement - Translation
ETHNIC NATIONALITIES SEMINAR 2001
(30 August 2001)
"Ethnic nationalities leaders from major organizations met at Law Khii Lah, Kawthoolei, in August 2001, and discussed the need for unity and closer cooperation. The leaders agreed on the need to strengthen the unity of the ethnic nationalities and a working committee, the Ethnic Nationalities Solidarity and Cooperation Committee (ENSCC), was established. The Committee was entrusted with the task of fostering unity and cooperation between all ethnic nationalities and to promote a peaceful political settlement in Burma through a Tripartite Dialogue..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | ENSCC |
| Format/size: | | html (26K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | ENSCC: Rationale for the New Panglong Initiative |
| Date of publication: | | August 2001 |
| Description/subject: | | WHY REBUILD THE UNION OF BURMA?...
Introduction:
"Secret Talks between Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, the leader of the National League for Democracy (NLD), and the generals of the State peace and Development Council (SPDC) began in October 2000, and is still on-going.
To date, no substantive matters have been discussed. Daw Aung San Suu Kyi has in the past said that she will not make decisions without broader consultations and that she supports United Nations General Assembly resolutions calling for a Tripartite Dialogue involving the military, the democracy forces and the non-Burman ethnic peoples.1
The international community very much wants the Secret Talks to succeed and develop further into a political dialogue, which will bring about change in Burma. The UN Special Envoy has visited Burma four times since mid-2000 and is about to make another visit in August 2001. Most countries agree that a Tripartite Dialogue is needed.
However, there is the possibility that the Secret Talks could break down. The fact that Daw Aung San Suu Kyi did not attend the 19 July Martyrs Day Ceremony signals that all is not well despite the SPDCs assurances to the contrary..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | ENSCC |
| Format/size: | | html (42K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
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Federal and State constitutions
For the past few years, groups from Burma's seven States have been drafting State Constitutions. These are all in draft form and will be updated in this library when new versions become available. What is important in comparing these texts with the principles produced by the SPDC's "National" Convention is that these drafts are rights-based, including the right to popular participation, and federal in conception. On the other hand, the SPDC "Fundamental Principles and Detailed Basic Principles" which may be considered a pre-draft constitution, are authoritarian and unitary.
-
Federal and State constitutions (texts)
Individual Documents
| Title: | | Shan State Constitution (2nd Draft) |
| Date of publication: | | 20 September 2008 |
| Description/subject: | | Contents:
Foreword for the second draft (A- C)...
Preamble...
Chapter One Chief Characteristics ...
Chapter Two Bill of Rights, Guarantees and Duties ...
Chapter Three Member sub-states of Shan State ...
Chapter Four Shan State Congress ...
Chapter Five Shan State Legislation ...
Chapter Six Shan State President ...
Chapter Seven Shan State Government ...
Chapter Eight Shan State Judiciary ...
Chapter Nine Citizenship ...
Chapter Ten State Defense and Security Forces ...
Chapter Eleven State of Emergency ...
Chapter Twelve General Provisions ...
Chapter Thirteen Transitional Provisions ...
Chapter Fourteen Amendment of the Constitution ...
Appendix (1) Shan State Flag (Article 76)...
Appendix (2) Shan State Anthem (Article 179) - 3 -...
Appendix (3) Structure of Shan State. |
| Language: | | Burmese, English |
| Source/publisher: | | Shan State Constitution Drafting Commission (SSCDC) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (681K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 06 May 2009 |
|
| Title: | | The Fifth Draft of Chinland Constitution |
| Date of publication: | | 2008 |
| Description/subject: | | PART ONE:(1)Preamble..(2)Part One:The territory of Chinland..(3)Part Two:Presiding Ideals..(4) Part Three:Individual Rights..(5) Part Four:Individual Duties..(6) Part Five:Language..(7) Part Six:Chin Ethnicity and Culture..(8) Part Seven:Citizenship..(9) Part Eight:Suffrage.. (10) Part Nine:The Legislature (11)Part Ten:The Executive..(12)Part Eleven:The Judiciary..(13)Part Twelve:Administration..(14)Part Thirteen:The Civil Service Commission..(15)Part Fourteen:Impeachment..(16)Part Fifteen:Local Government..(17)Part Sixteen:Finance, Revenue, and Taxation..(18)Part Seventeen:Public Education..(19)Part Eighteen:Public Health..(20)Part Nineteen:Public Welfare..(21)Part Twenty:Culture and Media..(22)Party Twenty-One:State Armed Forces..(23)Part Twenty-Two:State of Emergency..(24)Part Twenty-Three:General Provision..(25)Part Twenty-Four:Inter-State and State-Federal Relations..(26)Part Twenty-Five:Amendment of Constitution..(27)Part Twenty-Six:Ratification..... PART TWO:Suppression of Chin National Movement for Federalism..... PART THREE:(i)The Chin Forum Managing Board (CFMB)... (ii) Chin Forum Chronology of Events |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | The Chin Forum |
| Format/size: | | pdf (1.11 MB) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 16 September 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Karenni State: Second Draft Constitution |
| Date of publication: | | 2007 |
| Description/subject: | | 1. The Emergence of Karenni State Constitution;
2. Introduction;
3. Preamble;
4. The Attributes of the Karenni State;
5. The Basic rights;
6. The Structure of the Karenni State;
7. The Chambers of the State Parliament;
8. The Karenni State Legislation Process;
9. The State Government;
10. The Judiciary;
11. Financial Ordinances;
12. Citizenship;
13. Maintaining Customs its Chieftains;
14. Institution of the Commissions;
15. Amending of the Constitution;
16. National Emergency Law;
17. National Defense;
18. Police Force;
19. National Economy.
N. B. the text is undated. We have guessed at a date in 2007. |
| Language: | | English, Burmese |
| Source/publisher: | | Karenni State Constitution Drafting Committee |
| Format/size: | | pdf (522K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 23 September 2007 |
|
| Title: | | Draft Constitution of Future Rahmonya Mon State |
| Date of publication: | | December 2006 |
| Description/subject: | | THE FORMATION OF RAHMONYA MON STATE; THE RIGHTS OF THE PEOPLE; THE STATE PARLIAMENT AND THE FEDERAL PARLIAMENT; ELECTION OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE HOUSE OF RAHMONYA MON
STATE PARLIAMENT; RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RAHMONYA MON STATE AND FEDERAL
UNION; RAHMONYA MON STATE GOVERNMENT; LEGISATION (MAKING LAWS); THE JUDICIALSYSTEM OF RAHMONYA MON STATE; PUBLIC SERVANTS; NATURAL RESOURCES AND THE ENVIRONMENT; EDUCATION; WORKERS; HEALTH; FINANCE AND TREASURY; TAXATION AND REVENUES; THE ECONOMY; DEFENCE AND SECURITY; SOCIAL SECURITY; FARMERS (INCLUDING GARDENERS, CULTIVATORS ETC.); ETHNIC GROUPS OR RACES OF RAHMONYA MON STATE; PUBLIC RELATIONS; AMENDMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION; |
| Language: | | Burmese and English |
| Format/size: | | pdf (361K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 18 September 2007 |
|
| Title: | | The Second Proposed Draft of Future Constitution of Kawthoolei (Karen State) |
| Date of publication: | | 08 August 2006 |
| Description/subject: | | Table of Contents:
Bill of Rights;
General Provisions;
Legislature;
Executive;
Judiciary;
Suffrage and Elections;
Local Government;
Finance and Taxation;
Education;
Amendments;
Miscellaneous. |
| Language: | | English, Burmese |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen State Constitution Drafting Committee (SCDC) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (222K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 23 September 2007 |
|
| Title: | | Shan State Constitution, First Draft |
| Date of publication: | | 24 May 2006 |
| Description/subject: | | CONTENT
Forward;
Preamble;
Founding Provision;
Supremacy of Constitution...
CHAPTER [1]
Characteristics;
Name: Shan State;
Supremacy of Constitution;
Citizenship;
National Flag;
National Anthem;
National Capital;
Nation Seals;
A multi-ethnic Nation/State...
CHAPTER [2]
Bill of Rights;
Human dignity;
Freedom and Security;
Religion and belief;
Freedom of expression and information;
Freedom of Assembly;
Freedom of Association;
Freedom of movement and residence;
Freedom of trade;
Labor Rights;
Land and property ownership rights;
Right to environmental protection;
The right to informed choice;
The right to be served by the Public Institutions;
Rights Abuse Prevention Measure;
Human Rights Promotion Measure;
The rights to recall and impeachment;
Duty and Responsibility of Citizens and Civil Society Organizations;
Duty of Media and its Responsibility;
Rights of differently able people;
Rights of people to initiate legislation...
CHAPTER [3]
Legislature...
CHAPTER [4]
Legislative Powers;
National Congress;
Legislative Powers of National Congress;
Formation of House of Nationalities;
Exclusive legislative power;
Ordinary Bills;
Formation of House of People’s Representatives;
Legislative Power of House of People’s Representatives;
State Constitution (Constituent State);
Special Provision;
Formation of the State Legislature;
Legislative Power [Const State];
House of National Ethnics;
Formation of State House of People’s Representatives;
Legislative powers provided for the State House of People’s ;
Representatives;
Legislative powers provided for the Sub-States and ;
Autonomous Regions;
Local Government;
Municipal of Township Administration;
Village Tract Administration;
Village Administration...
CHAPTER [5]
National Executive.
Federal Union Executive;
Constituent State’s Executive...
CHAPTER [6]
Judicial Power [Judiciary]...
CHAPTER [7]
General Provisions;
Note: Spread out to other chapters/provisions...
CHAPTER [8]
The amendment of the constitution. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Shan State Constitution Drafting Commission |
| Format/size: | | pdf (244K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 18 September 2007 |
|
| Title: | | Kachin State Constitution (Draft) |
| Date of publication: | | 2006 |
| Description/subject: | | Contents: Chapter (1) Kachin State;
Chapter (2) Fundamental Rights and Freedoms;
Chapter (3) Kachin State Legislative Assembly;
Chapter (4) Kachin State Government;
Chapter (5) Suffrage and Elections;
Chapter (6) Judiciary;
Chapter (7) Inter-Governmental Relations;
Chapter (8) Emergencies;
Chapter (9) General Provisions;
Chapter (10) Transitional Provisions;
Chapter (11) Amendment of the Constitution. |
| Language: | | English, Burmese |
| Source/publisher: | | Kachin State Constitution Drafting Committee |
| Format/size: | | pdf (513K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 October 2007 |
|
| Title: | | THE FOURTH INITIAL DRAFT OF CONSTITUTION OF CHINLAND |
| Date of publication: | | May 2004 |
| Description/subject: | | ချင်းလဲန်းဖွဲ့စည်းပုံအခြခံမူကြမ်း(၄):
"အပိုင်း(၁)ချင်းအမျိုးသားများ၏နောက်ခံသမိုင်းများ"
(၁)ချင်းအမျိုးသားများ၏နိုင်ငံရေးနှင့်လူမှုရေး နောက်ခံသမိုင်းအကျဉ်း
(၂)နိုင်ငံရေးနောက်ခံသမိုင်း
(၃)ချင်းလူမျိုးတို့၏လွတ်လပ်သောနိုင်ငံတည်ထောင်ပိုင်ခွင့်
(၄)ပြည်ထောင်စုမြန်မာနိုင်ငံ ဖွဲ့စည်းမှု အဖွဲ့ဝင်အဖြစ်ချင်းလူမျိုးများပါဝင်ခြင်း
(၅)အင်္ဂလိပ်အုပ်ချုပ်မှုမတိုင်ခင်လွတ်လပ်သော ချင်းလဲန်းနှင့် ယနေ့ချင်းလဲန်း
(၆)ချင်းလူမှုရေးနှင့်ယဉ်ကျေးမှုနောက်ခံသမိုင်း
"အပိုင်း(၂)ဖက်ဒရယ်ပြည်ထောင်စုပြန်လည်တည်ဆောက်ရန်
ချင်းအမျိုးသားများ၏တောင်းဆိုချက်များ"
(၁)ပြည်ထောင်စုမြန်မာနိုင်ငံအားဖက်ဒရယ်ပြည်ထောင်စုအဖြစ် ပြန်လည်
ဖွဲ့စည်းခြင်း
(၂)ဖက်ဒရယ်ပြည်ထောင်စုပြန်လည်ဖွဲ့စည်းနိုင်ရေး အခြေခံသဘောတရားများ
(၃)ချင်းလဲန်းဖွဲ့စည်းပုံအခြေခံဥပဒေနှင့်အစိုးရဖွဲ့စည်းပုံများ
"အပိုင်း(၃)ချင်းလဲန်းဖွဲ့စည်းအုပ်ချုပ်ပုံမူကြမ်း"
(၁)ချင်းလဲန်းဖွဲ့စည်းအုပ်ချုပ်ပုံအခြေခံဥပဒေနိဒါန်း
(၂)ချင်းလဲန်းပိုင်နက်နယ်မြေ
(၃)ချင်းပြည်သူတို့၏ဆန္ဒ
(၄)တသီးပုဂ္ဂလအခွင့်
အရေးများ
(၅)တသီးပုဂ္ဂလတာဝန်များ
(၆)ချင်းနိုင်ငံသားဖြစ်မှုနှင့် အမျိုးသားရေး
(၇)ရွေးကောက်တင်မြောက်ခြင်း
(၈)ဥပဒေပြုရေး
(၉)အုပ်ချုပ်ရေး
(၁၀)တရားစီရင်ရေး
(၁၁)အုပ်ချုပ်ရေး (စီမံခန့်ခွဲရေး)
(၁၂)ပြည်သူ့ဝန်ထမ်းကော်မရှင်
(၁၃)ရာထူးမှဖယ်ရှားခြင်း
(၁၄)ဒေသန္တရအစိုးရ
(၁၅)ဘဏ္ဍာရေး၊အကောက်ခွန်နှင့်
ဘဏ္ဍာတော်
(၁၆)ပြည်သူ့ပညာရေး
(၁၇)ပြည်သူ့ကျန်းမာရေး
(၁၈)ပြည်သူ့လူမှုဖူလုံရေး
(၁၉)ယဉ်ကျေးမှုနှင့် လူထု
ဆက်သွယ်ရေး
(၂၀)ချင်းလဲန်းလက်နက်ကိုင်အဖွဲ့
(၂၁)အထွေထွေဥပဒေများ
(၂၂)ပြည်နယ်များနှင့် ပြည်နယ်ဖက်ဒရယ်ဆက်ဆံမှု
(၂၃)ပြင်ဆင်ဖြည့်စွက်ခြင်း၊အချက်ပို (၁) |
| Language: | | မြန်မာဘာသာ/အင်္ဂလိပ်ဘာသာ |
| Source/publisher: | | The Chin Forum |
| Format/size: | | pdf (434 KB) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.chinforum.org/cfconstitutions/4th_cc_eng_bur.pdf (Burmese&English)
http://www.chinforum.org/cfconstitutions/4th_chin_con.pdf (English) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 15 September 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Arakan State Constitution (The First Proposed Draft) |
| Date of publication: | | 2004 |
| Description/subject: | | Preamble:
The Constitution of Arakan State is instituted for the preservation of a united and durable Arakan Nation; and for every citizen to be fulfilled in justice, life, liberty, prosperity, respect, dignity, kindness, tradition, and faith...
Part One:
Bill of Rights; Part 2:
Formation of the State;Part 3:
Provision of citizenship; Part 4:
Provision of Voting Rights and Creation of Constituency: Part 5:
Administrative power; procedure for the transfer of power; Part 6:
Legislative Power; Part 7:
Judicial; Part 8:
State Government Administration. |
| Language: | | Burmese, English |
| Source/publisher: | | Arakan State Constitution Drafting Committee (Arakan National Council) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (662K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 October 2007 |
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Myanmar Union Government (MUG)/State Peace and Development Council (SPDC)
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Composition of the Myanmar Union Government (MUG)/State Peace and Development Council (SPDC)
Individual Documents
| Title: | | Politik, Ministerien von Myanmar |
| Date of publication: | | 15 August 2006 |
| Description/subject: | | Minister und ausgewählte Persönlichkeiten in Burma; ministers and selected personalities in Burma |
| Language: | | German, Deutsch |
| Source/publisher: | | Asien auf einen Blick/ CIA |
| Format/size: | | Html (26k) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 17 September 2007 |
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| Title: | | Cabinet of Burma |
| Date of publication: | | July 2005 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | "The Irrawaddy" Research Pages |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
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| Title: | | Befehlsgewalt im Außenamt |
| Date of publication: | | 23 September 2004 |
| Description/subject: | | Myanmar: Besetzung von Schlüsselministerien mit Militärs beendet Hoffnung auf Demokratisierung
key words: cabinet reshuffle, ministry of foreign affairs, democratization |
| Author/creator: | | Thomas Berger |
| Language: | | Deutsch, German |
| Source/publisher: | | AG Friedensforschung an der Uni Kassel |
| Format/size: | | html (6,9k) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 01 March 2005 |
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| Title: | | Members of State Peace and Development Council (SPDC) |
| Date of publication: | | 01 November 2003 |
| Description/subject: | | Including the list of Members of State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC)
"SLORC was founded in September 18, 1988, when the military assumed power following a massive crackdown on the nationwide uprising for democracy. In 1997, the military government renamed it the State Peace and Development Council..." |
| Author/creator: | | By The Irrawaddy (Updated In August 2006) |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | "The Irrawaddy" Research pages |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
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Ministry of Defence
Individual Documents
| Title: | | Is Burma looking for a new Army Chief? |
| Date of publication: | | January 2007 |
| Description/subject: | | "The “dark horse” advance in recent years of Burma’s Gen Thura Shwe Mann has fed rumors that he has been groomed to become the country’s next armed forces commander-in-chief, one of the posts currently held by junta chief Snr-Gen Than Shwe..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | "The Irrawaddy" Vol. 15, No. 1 |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 26 July 2008 |
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