Refugees
See also the sections on Internal Displacement/Forced Migration and Migration, and the sub-section on Forced Relocation (under Human Rights)
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The Burmese diaspora
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Third country resettlement of refugees from Burma
Individual Documents
| Title: | | The Process and Prospects for Resettlement of Displaced Persons on the Thai-Myanmar Border |
| Date of publication: | | July 2011 |
| Description/subject: | | Sustainable Solutions to the Displaced Person Situation
On the Thai-Myanmar Border.....Conclusion:
Resettlement operations within the shelters in Thailand have now been ongoing continuously for more than 5 years with over 64,000 departures completed as of the end of 2010. However, despite the large investment of financial and human resources in this effort, the displacement situation appears not to have diminished significantly in scale as of yet. While no stakeholders involved with the situation in Thailand are currently calling for an end to resettlement activities, there has been little agreement about what role resettlement actually
x
serves in long-term solutions for the situation. For the most part, the program has been implemented thus far in a reflexive manner rather than as a truly responsive and solutions-oriented strategy, based primarily upon the parameters established by the policies of resettlement nations and the RTG rather than the needs of the displaced persons within the shelters.
Looking towards the future, it appears highly unlikely that resettlement can resolve the displaced person situation in the border shelters as a lone durable solution and almost certainly not if the status quo registration policies and procedures of the RTG are maintained. All stakeholders involved with trying to address the situation are currently stuck with the impractical approach of attempting to resolve a protracted state of conflict and human rights abuses within Myanmar without effective means for engaging with the situation in-country. Neither stemming the tide of new displacement flows nor establishing conditions that would allow for an eventual safe return appear feasible at this time.
Within the limitations of this strategy framework, a greater level of cooperation between resettlement countries, international organizations, and the RTG to support a higher quantity of departures for resettlement through addressing the policy constraints and personal capacity restrictions to participation appears a desirable option and might allow for resettlement to begin to have a more significant impact on reducing the scale of displacement within Thailand. However, realistically this would still be unlikely to resolve the situation as a whole if not conducted in combination with more actualized forms of local integration within Thailand and within the context of reduced displacement flows into the shelters.
The overall conclusion reached about resettlement is that it continues to play a meaningful palliative, protective, and durable solution role within the shelters in Thailand. While it is necessary for resettlement to remain a carefully targeted program, the stakeholders involved should consider expanding resettlement to allow participation of legitimate asylum seekers within the shelters who are currently restricted from applying because of the lack of a timely status determination process. Allowing higher levels of participation in resettlement through addressing this policy constraint, as well as some of the more personal constraints that prevent some families within the shelters from moving on with their lives, would be a positive development in terms of providing durable solutions to the situation. In conjunction with greater opportunities for local integration and livelihood options for those who cannot or do not wish to participate in resettlement, the program should be expanded to make the option of an alternative to indefinite encampment within the shelters in Thailand available to a larger group of eligible displaced persons..." |
| Author/creator: | | Ben Harkins, Nawita Direkwut, and Aungkana Kamonpetch |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Asian Research Center for Migration Institute of Asian Studies, Chulalongkorn University |
| Format/size: | | pdf (1.54MB) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs14/ARCM-Resettlement_Study_Final_Report.pdf |
| Date of entry/update: | | 18 August 2012 |
|
| Title: | | Searching for home: Explorations in new media and the Burmese diaspora in New Zealand |
| Date of publication: | | 20 May 2011 |
| Description/subject: | | ABSTRACT:
"This study examines the place of new media in the maintance of Burmese diasporic identities. Political oppression in Burma, the experience of exile and the importance of opposition movements in the borderlands make the Burmese diaspora a unique and complex group. This study uses tapoetetha-kot, an indigenous Karen research methodology, to explore aspects of new media use and identity among a group of Burmese refugees in Auckland, New Zealand. Common among all participants was a twin desire to share stories of suffering and to have that pain recognised. Participants in this project try to maintain their language and cultural practices, with the intent of returning to a democratic Burma in the future. New media supports this, by providing participants with access to opposition news reports of human rights abuses and suffering; through making cultural and linguistic artifacts accessible, and through providing an easy means of communication with friends and family in Burma and the borderlands."...
Keywords: Burma, Karen, refugee, diaspora, indigenous, political activism, new media, tapotaethakot
VIOLET CHO |
| Author/creator: | | Violet Cho |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | PACIFIC JOURNALISM REVIEW 17 (1) 2011 |
| Format/size: | | pdf (85K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 16 September 2011 |
|
| Title: | | New media and Burmese diaspora identities in New Zealand |
| Date of publication: | | November 2009 |
| Description/subject: | | Abstract:
"This study examines ways in which Burmese diasporic identities are formed and maintained, and
the importance of new media in this process. Political oppression in Burma, the experience of
exile and the importance of opposition movements in the borderlands make the Burmese
diaspora a unique and complex group. This study used tapoetethakot, an indigenous Karen
research methodology, to interact with fourteen participants in Auckland, exploring aspects of
new media use and identity maintenance.
Common among all participants was a twin desire to share stories of suffering and to have that
pain recognised. This suffering is an important part of refugee identity and is also linked with
resistance against assimilation in New Zealand. Instead, participants try and maintain their
language and cultural practices, with the intent of returning to a democratic Burma in the future.
New media supports these processes, by providing participants with access to opposition media
reports of human rights abuses and suffering, through making cultural and linguistic artifacts
accessible and through providing an easy means of communication with friends and family in
Burma and the borderlands." |
| Author/creator: | | Naw Violet Cho |
| Language: | | English (main text); Interviews (English, Karen, Burmese) |
| Source/publisher: | | School of Communication Studies Auckland University of Technology |
| Format/size: | | pdf (582K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 24 January 2011 |
|
| Title: | | A Fresh Start |
| Date of publication: | | October 2009 |
| Description/subject: | | Resettlement program offers thousands the chance of a new life in the West...
"Nowadays, we don’t greet people any more with How are you?’” said Tun Tun, 40-year-old secretary of the committee administering Mae La refugee camp in Thailand’s Tak Province. “We say, When is your resettlement interview?’”
Third-country resettlement is a major topic of discussion among the residents not only of Mae La but of the other eight camps strung out along Thailand’s eastern border with Burma. With hopes of returning in the foreseeable future to their shattered villages at an all-time low, resettlement in the West offers refugees their only realistic chance of leaving the camps and leading normal lives again..." |
| Author/creator: | | Yeni |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | "The Irrawaddy" Vol. 17, No. 7 |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www2.irrawaddy.org/print_article.php?art_id=16909 |
| Date of entry/update: | | 27 February 2010 |
|
| Title: | | The Battle’s Not Over |
| Date of publication: | | February 2009 |
| Description/subject: | | "Scarred and disillusioned—A Burmese Army vet continues to fight on a different front...
IN June 2008, 46-year-old Myo Myint walked through the gates of Umpiem refugee camp on the Thai-Burmese border, travelled to Bangkok airport and boarded an aircraft for the first time in his life, for a journey of 19,000 km (12,000 miles) to the United States. Many hours later, on a humid Indiana evening, he embraced a brother he hadn’t seen in almost 20 years.
The emotional reunion marked the end of one chapter in an extraordinary life and the beginning of a new one. For Myo Myint is no ordinary refugee.
Multimedia (View)
As a young man, he joined the Burmese army, witnessing appalling atrocities and losing an arm and a leg in battle. In 1988, he became an activist, appealing to his former comrades to join hands with those calling for peaceful democratic change. He was arrested, tortured and imprisoned for 15 years for his participation in the popular uprising..." |
| Author/creator: | | Nic Dunlop |
| Language: | | English (Burmese subtitles) |
| Source/publisher: | | "The Irrawaddy" Vol. 17, No. 1 |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 16 February 2009 |
|
| Title: | | Difficult to remain: the impact of mass resettlement |
| Date of publication: | | 22 April 2008 |
| Description/subject: | | In a context where the durable solutions of repatriation and
local integration are not available, resettlement has become
increasingly attractive. |
| Author/creator: | | Susan Banki and Hazel Lang |
| Language: | | Burmese, English |
| Source/publisher: | | "Forced Migration Review" No. 30 |
| Format/size: | | pdf (English, 417K; Burmese, 187K) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.fmreview.org/FMRpdfs/FMR30Burmese/42-44.pdf |
| Date of entry/update: | | 30 November 2008 |
|
| Title: | | Karen voices on resettlement |
| Date of publication: | | 22 April 2008 |
| Description/subject: | | With little support and often under threat, members of the
Karen Women’s Organisation have conducted research,
provided programmes and support, and challenged the
wisdom of international NGOs and UNHCR...In 2005 the Royal Thai
Government eased
restrictions and allowed
resettlement from the
camps on the Thai-
Burmese border to
countries in the West. The
impact of resettlement
in the camps has been
of great concern to
the Karen Women’s
Organisation (KWO)1
for several years. They
want the voices of the
refugees, in particular
refugee women, and of
their community-based
organisations to be heard
in discussions on the
provision of durable
solutions. Sadly, refugee
women have to scream
to be heard whispering. |
| Author/creator: | | The Karen Women’s Organisation, with Sarah Fuller and Eileen Pittaway |
| Language: | | Burmese, English |
| Source/publisher: | | "Forced Migration Review" No. 30 |
| Format/size: | | pdf (English, 387K; Burmese, 182K) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.fmreview.org/FMRpdfs/FMR30Burmese/45-46.pdf |
| Date of entry/update: | | 30 November 2008 |
|
| Title: | | To Sheffield with love |
| Date of publication: | | 22 April 2008 |
| Description/subject: | | Some 174 refugees from the Thai-Burma border have
been resettled in Sheffield in the UK between May 2005
and September 2007. Better preparation and more
practical assistance could have eased their integration
into British society. |
| Author/creator: | | Patricia Hynes and Yin Mon Thu |
| Language: | | Burmese, English |
| Source/publisher: | | "Forced Migration Review" No. 30 |
| Format/size: | | pdf (English, 481K; Burmese, 268K) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.fmreview.org/FMRpdfs/FMR30Burmese/49-51.pdf |
| Date of entry/update: | | 30 November 2008 |
|
| Title: | | Where Are They Now? |
| Date of publication: | | August 2007 |
| Description/subject: | | Correspondent Anne Fletcher meets former activists of the 88 Generation who made new lives on the other side of the world...
"The menacing group of five soldiers emerged from Rangoon’s city hall, knelt down and aimed their guns at the protesters. Tin Maung Htoo, a 16-year-old high school student, sat tight, linking arms with others in the front row.
The first shots Tin Maung Htoo heard, however, sounded like machine gun fire from armored cars sweeping round both sides of the Sule Pagoda on that August night, 19 years ago.
Then the soldiers facing Tin Maung Htoo and his companions opened fire, the bullets from their guns hitting the ground, ricocheting up and striking home. “Some students started running and then falling on one another,” Tin Maung Htoo recalls. “I also ran and ran and ran.”
Among the protesters who had massed in Rangoon streets the whole day was 21-year-old Toe Kyi. By 10:30 p.m. that night, sensing a terrible climax to come, the leader of his 100-strong group asked him to take half the young demonstrators back to safety in Sanchaung Township.
One protester, Ko Naing, was doubly wary of the danger. Jailed for seven days after taking part in a march near Inya Lake on March 16—also violently broken up by government forces—he left the City Hall area about 5 p.m. to escort a group of teenagers home to Hlaing Township.
Both Toe Kyi and Ko Naing, then 24, were in the crowd on Prome Road the following month, on September 19, when again the military fired on protesters. Those demonstrations were followed by the coup that brought the present regime to power.
Today, after claiming UN refugee status in Thailand, all three men have built new lives in Canada, a country free but very foreign to those who grew up in the tropical time warp of pre-1988 Burma..." |
| Author/creator: | | Anne Fletcher |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | "The Irrawaddy" Vol 15, No. 8 |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 02 May 2008 |
|
| Title: | | A Little Burma in Fort Wayne |
| Date of publication: | | June 2007 |
| Description/subject: | | Burmese residents of a US city still find it hard to escape the politics of their homeland...
"Than Myint arrived in the “land of opportunities” as a refugee nine years ago, together with her husband and children. A native of Rangoon, Than Myint now lives in Fort Wayne, a city of some 200,000 people in the US state of Indiana. Now in her late 50s, she has learned how to survive and lead a satisfactory life in the US—the kind of existence she would never have been able to enjoy in Burma..." |
| Author/creator: | | Lalit K Jha |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | "The Irrawaddy" Vol. 15, No.6 |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 May 2008 |
|
| Title: | | Off to a New Life |
| Date of publication: | | June 2007 |
| Description/subject: | | More than 10,000 Burmese migrants in Thailand’s Mae La refugee camp could soon be resettled in the US...
"It could be a scene from a travel trade show—a crowd of mostly young people clusters in front of poster boards bearing pictures of life in the US. These are no tourists, however, but Burmese refugees in Thailand hoping to resettle in the US and eager for any illustration of what they can expect to find there..." |
| Author/creator: | | Jim Andrews |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | "The Irrawaddy" Vol. 15, No.6 |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 May 2008 |
|
| Title: | | Rolling the Dice for Freedom |
| Date of publication: | | June 2007 |
| Description/subject: | | Short-term troubles for Burmese winners of the US green card lottery’ cannot dampen their hopes for a better life for their children... "...For Burmese who have won the US government’s “freedom jackpot,” the process has been arduous and subject to abuse, and adjusting to life in the US once they have arrived has for some proven to be no easy task.
Their troubles begin with the application process. Candidates for the program must submit their applications electronically, and while Internet access has increased in Burma in recent years, it is not widespread.
Candidates from Burma also struggle with the format of the application and the required familiarity with written English. This has led to a proliferation of “middle men” who offer their services to potential applicants, but for a substantial fee..." |
| Author/creator: | | Aung Lwin |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | "The Irrawaddy" Vol. 15, No.6 |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 May 2008 |
|
| Title: | | Welcome to Texas |
| Date of publication: | | June 2007 |
| Description/subject: | | Karen migrants find life in America has its downside...
"When members of the Thai community in the US are asked to help resettle newly arrived Karen refugees from the Thai-Burmese border, old clichés surface. “Are these people members of the God’s Army?” ask some. Others recall headline-grabbing incidents like the murder of a Thai woman by her Burmese maid.
Many Americans share this prejudiced view of the Karen arrivals, believing they have no idea of civilized bathroom or kitchen hygiene. Some are surprised that the Karen actually wear shoes..." |
| Author/creator: | | Ampika Jirat |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | "The Irrawaddy" Vol. 15, No.6 |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 May 2008 |
|
| Title: | | Westward Bound |
| Date of publication: | | June 2007 |
| Description/subject: | | As thousands of Karen wait in resettlement camps, others already settled in foreign lands discover new challenges to their future...
Heh Nay Thaw has lived in refugee camps in Thailand for nearly a quarter-century since he crossed the border from Burma with his family at age five. He is now 29, with a wife and two children, and the long years of waiting for a permanent home may soon be over.
Like many of his fellow Karen, Heh Nay Thaw gave up hope that he could ever return to Karen State and applied for resettlement outside Asia—possibly in the US.
“There is nothing here to improve our life,” said Heh Nay Thaw at the Mae La camp in Thailand’s Tak Province. “That’s why our family decided if the [resettlement] door is open for us, we will go to escape from this terrible compound.”..." |
| Author/creator: | | Shan Paung |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | "The Irrawaddy" Vol. 15, No.6 |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 May 2008 |
|
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Burmese refugees in China
Individual Documents
| Title: | | Isolated in Yunnan: Kachin Refugees from Burma in China’s Yunnan Province |
| Date of publication: | | June 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | "since June 2011, renewed fighting between the
Burmese military and the Kachin Independence
Army (KIA) in northern Burma has driven an
estimated 75,000 ethnic Kachin from their homes.
Many have fled abuses by the Burmese army,
including attacks on Kachin villages, killings and
rape, and the use of abusive forced labor. About
65,000 have stayed inside Burma, where they
remain at risk. At least another 7,000-10,000
have sought refuge across the border in Yunnan
Province in southwestern China....In the months immediately following the June 2011 outbreak
of renewed hostilities between the Burmese army
and the Kachin Independence Army (KIA), some displaced
Kachin were denied entry into China or forcibly
returned to Burma, which put them at great risk and created
a pervasive fear of forced return among the Kachin
refugees who remain in Yunnan. Despite Chinese government
claims to the contrary, refugees in Yunnan told
Human Rights Watch they had received no humanitarian
assistance from the government and major humanitarian
agencies have had no access to the refugees since
they began arriving in June 2011. The refugees are scattered
across more than a dozen makeshift settlements
lacking adequate shelter, food, potable water, sanitation,
and basic health care. Most children have no access to
schools. Needing to work to provide for their families,
they are vulnerable to abuses by local employers, and have been subject to arbitrary drug testing and prolonged
detention by the Chinese authorities..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Human Rights Watch (HRW) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (2.76K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 July 2012 |
|
| Title: | | Untold Miseries - Wartime Abuses and Forced Displacement in Burma’s Kachin State |
| Date of publication: | | 19 March 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | 'When Burmese President Thein Sein took office in March 2011, he said that over 60 years of armed conflict have put Burma’s
ethnic populations through “the hell of untold miseries.” Just three months later, the Burmese armed forces resumed military
operations against the Kachin Independence Army (KIA), leading to serious abuses and a humanitarian crisis affecting tens of
thousands of ethnic Kachin civilians.
“Untold Miseries”: Wartime Abuses and Forced Displacement in Kachin State is based on over 100 interviews in Burma’s Kachin
State and China’s Yunnan province. It details how the Burmese army has killed and tortured civilians, raped women, planted
antipersonnel landmines, and used forced labor on the front lines, including children as young as 14-years-old. Soldiers have
attacked villages, razed homes, and pillaged properties. Burmese authorities have failed to authorize a serious relief effort in
KIA-controlled areas, where most of the 75,000 displaced men, women, and children have sought refuge. The KIA has also been
responsible for serious abuses, including using child soldiers and antipersonnel landmines.
Human Rights Watch calls on the Burmese government to support an independent international mechanism to investigate
violations of international human rights and humanitarian law by all parties to Burma’s ethnic armed conflicts. The government
should also provide United Nations and humanitarian agencies unhindered access to all internally displaced populations, and
make a long-term commitment with humanitarian agencies to authorize relief to populations in need.' |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Human Rights Watch |
| Format/size: | | pdf (1.7MB - OBL version; 2.25MB - original)) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/burma0312ForUpload_1.pdf |
| Date of entry/update: | | 20 March 2012 |
|
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Burmese refugees in Malaysia
Individual Documents
| Title: | | Malaysia: Invest in Solutions for Refugees |
| Date of publication: | | 19 April 2011 |
| Description/subject: | | Introduction: "Malaysia has taken significant steps forward in improving refugee rights. In the past year, there have been no reported attempts to deport Burmese refugees to the border with Thailand and a decrease in immigration raids and arrests of registered refugees. But these advances have not yet been codified into written government policy, leaving refugees considered “illegal migrants” and subject to arrest and detention. The Government of Malaysia should build on this progress by setting up a system of residence and work permits for refugees. The international community should mobilize additional funds for the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR) and non-governmental agencies to leverage this opportunity to improve refugee rights." |
| Author/creator: | | Melanie Teff and Lynn Yoshikawa |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Refugees International |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 May 2011 |
|
| Title: | | Asia’s new boat people |
| Date of publication: | | 22 April 2008 |
| Description/subject: | | "...Thousands of stateless Rohingyas are leaving Burma and
Bangladesh, dreaming of a better life in Malaysia...On 25 November 2007, a trawler
and two ferry boats carrying some
240 Rohingyas being smuggled
to Malaysia sank in the Bay of
Bengal. About 80 survived; the rest
drowned. A week later, another
boat sank, allegedly fired at by the
Burmese Navy. 150 are believed to
have perished. Many Rohingyas
are ready to embark on a risky sea
journey in order to escape oppression,
discrimination and dire poverty..." |
| Author/creator: | | Chris Lewa |
| Language: | | English, Burmese |
| Source/publisher: | | "Forced Migration Review" No. 30 |
| Format/size: | | pdf (English, 426K; Burmese, 196K) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.fmreview.org/FMRpdfs/FMR30Burmese/40-42.pdf |
| Date of entry/update: | | 30 November 2008 |
|
| Title: | | Desperate Conditions: Update on Malaysia as Burma Refuge |
| Date of publication: | | March 2008 |
| Description/subject: | | "Nine months after the research which produced the Project Maje report "We Built This City: Workers from Burma at Risk in Malaysia" (July 2007) the situation for people from Burma seeking refuge and work in Malaysia has not improved at all. Raids by the Malaysian vigilante group Rela have continued and may be even more widespread. Rela activities are said to be especially violent and relentless in regions other than Kuala Lumpur, with the island of Penang especially prone to Rela raids. In addition to the abusive behavior of the government-sanctioned legitimate Rela units, the unlimited power of Rela has spawned copycat criminals who simply pose as Rela members in order to rob and extort from foreigners. Lack of police or government control of Rela continues in spite of international press coverage and pressure campaigns. Members of the Chin and Kachin communities mentioned recent legal in-sourcing of Bangladeshi workers to Malaysia as a new problem, driving down wages for the illegal foreign workers and increasing competition for jobs..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Project Maje |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 04 April 2008 |
|
| Title: | | Undocumented migrants and refugees in Malaysia: Raids, Detention and Discrimination |
| Date of publication: | | March 2008 |
| Description/subject: | | "there are no publicly available statistics on the number of migrants, refugees and asylum seekers in Malaysia. Estimates refer to 1,8 million registered (or documented) migrant workers and about 5 million undocumented migrant workers. “Migrant workers account for about 30% to 50% of the total Malaysian labour force. In spite of the important contribution that this represents to the Malaysian economy, the authorities have not put in place any consistent national immigration policy”, said Souhayr Belhassen, President of FIDH.
Undocumented migrants usually work for the 3D jobs’ (Dirty, Dangerous and Difficult) and are not adequately protected against unscrupulous recruitment agencies and employers.
Domestic legislation does not provide for a specific protection for refugees, asylum seekers or trafficked persons. Only a temporary residence permit, the IMM 13 visas, can offer a de facto protection for refugees against refoulement. Domestic legislation provides for an insufficient protection of children refugees and asylum seekers, in particular as regards access to education. Detention of children for immigration purposes is common, while it should be prohibited as a principle.
The People’s Volunteer Corps-RELA, a volunteer force composed of more than 400 000 reservists, is meant to safeguard peace and security in the country. In times of peace, it contributes to the enforcement of the immigration law. The lack of training and supervision of RELA members are major concerns. “RELA carries raids against migrants, without distinction between undocumented migrants, asylum seekers and refugees and with unnecessary use of force. The Malaysian authorities should immediately cease the use of RELA officers in the enforcement of immigration law”, said Swee Seng Yap, Executive Director of SUARAM.
The Immigration Act raises a number of concerns with regard to the administration of justice: the length of time a migrant arrested under the Act may be held before being brought before a Magistrate is overly long (14 days); detention may even be indeterminate pending removal; the exclusion of the right to challenge decisions under the Act on a number of grounds; and the absence of specific protection for migrants in case of abuse by employers or unpaid wages.
The report documents the poor conditions of detention, particularly in the « immigration depots ». Overcrowded facilities are leading to breaches of basic standards of hygiene; insufficient diet and health care, ill treatment of detainees and a failure to adequately protect women and children in detention are of particular concern. FIDH urges the Malaysian authorities to amend the immigration Act with a view to avoiding that violations of provisions relating to migration are treated in the criminal justice system. Meanwhile and as a minimum, the sentence of whipping should be abolished as corporal punishment is prohibited under international human rights law, and the maximum term of imprisonment provided for immigration offences should be reduced.
"Up to now, the government has been adopting a punitive approach to the issue of migration: the poor conditions of detention of migrants in the immigration detention centers and the fact that they can be condemned to corporal punishments (whipping) are part of this policy. Time has come for a comprehensive policy on migration, based on international human rights standards”, said Cynthia Gabriel, Vice-president of FIDH and Board member of SUARAM. “We call upon the newly elected parliamentarians to consider our recommendations, and to put aside the RELA Bill that was tabled last year for first reading”, she concluded. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | SUARAM, FIDH |
| Format/size: | | pdf (236K) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.fidh.org/spip.php?article5357 |
| Date of entry/update: | | 04 April 2008 |
|
| Title: | | Burma - Visit to the Thailand-Burma Border and Malaysia |
| Date of publication: | | 25 February 2008 |
| Description/subject: | | "...In addition to the crisis inside Burma, CSW wishes to highlight the seriously under-reported
challenges facing Burmese refugees in Malaysia, and the desperate conditions in which they
exist in urban and jungle camps in and around Kuala Lumpur. The regular detention and
deportation of Burmese refugees by the Malaysian authorities, including severe mistreatment
such as caning, require urgent international attention and action..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Christian Solidarity Worldwide (CSW) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (165K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 26 February 2008 |
|
| Title: | | Unsafe Harbor |
| Date of publication: | | September 2007 |
| Description/subject: | | Malaysia provides no protection for its refugee population...
"I’ve always thought that the lives of Burmese refugees were much the same from place to place. They’re generally unwanted, have few opportunities to better their lives and in many cases suffer unconscionable abuse.
An Irrawaddy correspondent witnesses the hardships facing migrant in Malaysia
Witnessing the appalling conditions endured by Burmese refugees in Malaysia, however, has brought their misery and lack of hope into greater focus.
During a visit to the Ampang suburb of the Malaysian capital Kuala Lumpur, a Rohingya community leader casually pointed to a group of young Burmese children playing near the small hut that served as their home.
“Look,” he said, pointing in their direction. “None of these children can read or write.”
None of the schools in Malaysia accepts refugee children from Burma, so these children are unlikely ever to learn while they remain in the country..." |
| Author/creator: | | Violet Cho |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | "The Irrawaddy" Vol 15, No. 9 |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 02 May 2008 |
|
| Title: | | We Built This City: Workers from Burma at Risk in Malaysia |
| Date of publication: | | July 2007 |
| Description/subject: | | "Having fled regions of Burma which are among the closest equivalents of hell on earth, refugees from an array of ethnic groups have found an uneasy stopping point in Malaysia. They have run for their lives from forced labor, land confiscation, agricide, military rape and torture, religious persecution, and other severe human rights violations, as well as in some cases forced conscription into the very government army that is committing these crimes. While Malaysia does not border Burma, and is distant from the inland homes of many of the refugees, it is within reach of the Burma/Thailand border. Malaysia has become a particular destination for refugees from areas of Burma that do not border Thailand, the traditional first stop for those who have fled Burma..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Project Maje |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 11 August 2007 |
|
| Title: | | Nowhere to Go: Chin Refugees in Malaysia |
| Date of publication: | | October 2005 |
| Description/subject: | | "Starting from the early 1990s Chin refugees come to Malaysia in search of security and survival. Most Chin refugees say they fled to Malaysia to escape life-threatening conditions at home as a result of widespread human rights abuses such as political repression, forced labor, arbitrary arrest and torture at the hands of Burma’s ruling military regime. These claims were validated by the fact that while preparing this brief report, CHRO received a report that a Chin civilian was beaten to death and four village council members from Salen village severely tortured by members of the Burma military.
In the spring of 2005, the population of Chin refugees in Malaysia was estimated at about 12,000. Of these numbers only about 600 are recognized by UNHCR Kuala Lumpur as refugees. There are about 6000 Chin refugees who have already obtained serial number from Chin Refugees Committee CRC, a first step in a long waiting process for a UNHCR interview. Because UNHCR is currently accepting only 18 new interviews per week for Chin applicants, it is most likely that with the current pace it will take years before a regular individual case can get processed by UNHCR.
As the amnesty period for “illegal migrants” in Malaysia expired at the end of February, the security of Chin refugees has become more precarious. “We are not allowed to live here in Malaysia, and we can not go back to our home country, we have got no where to go” said a 60 year-old former school teacher who is now seeking refuge in Malaysia.
The living conditions of the refugees are deplorable. About 20-40 people on average are clustered in a two-bedroom apartment. These are only those who can afford to live in the city and towns. Many more thousands of refugees are living in the jungle of Putrajaya and Cameron Highland Plantation in makeshift tents with plastic roof. On several occasions, police have raided their jungle camps and burnt their tents. The refugees usually come back and rebuild their tents as they have got no where else to go.
Between 1998 and 2005 March, over one hundred Chin refugees have died in Malaysia. Of these numbers, only 20 of them have died of natural causes and illness. The rest of them died a violent death due to accidents in the worksite or while being chased by the police. There are about 400 Chin refugees who are in detention camp at the time this report is being prepared..." The smaller file (92K) is text only. The larger one (2.5MB) also contains photos. |
| Source/publisher: | | Chin Human Rights Organization |
| Format/size: | | Word (92K), pdf (2.5MB) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs3/Nowhere_to_Go_Chin_Refugees_in_Malaysia.pdf |
| Date of entry/update: | | 18 October 2005 |
|
| Title: | | No Asylum: Burmese in Malaysia |
| Date of publication: | | June 2002 |
| Description/subject: | | "Malaysia�s stringent anti-migrant policies are making life unbearable for refugees from Burma, including those recognized by the UNHCR.
Tens of thousands of immigrants put themselves into the hands of human traffickers each year to arrange for their illegal entry into Malaysia. Among them are thousands of Burmese immigrants who have bought their way into the country�not so much in search of a high-paying job as to escape persecution in their own country.
However, the strict policy of the Malaysian government against any form of unauthorized immigration does not draw distinctions between the immigrants� circumstances. When arrested, even genuine Burmese asylum seekers are deported back to Thailand, where many end up back in the hands of traffickers...." |
| Author/creator: | | Mun Ching |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | "The Irrawaddy" Vol. 10, No. 5, June 2002 |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | Malaysia/Burma: Living in Limbo |
| Date of publication: | | July 2000 |
| Description/subject: | | Burmese Rohingyas in Malaysia. Contains a good discussion of the Rohingyas' de facto statelessness under the 1982 Citizenship Law as well as background material on the Rohingyas' situation in Burma.."Burmese authorities bear responsibility for the Rohingya's flight. Burma's treatment of the Rohingya is addressed in the background section of the report, and the report offers specific recommendations to the Burmese government. The focus of this report, however, is on what happens to Rohingya when they reach Malaysia. There, they are not treated as refugees fleeing persecution who should be afforded protection, but as aliens subject to detention or deportation in violation of Malaysia's international human rights obligations..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Human Rights Watch |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
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Refugees and immigrants in Thailand - Thailand's international treaty obligations and relevant Thai legislation
Individual Documents
| Title: | | Thailand's Child Protection Act of 2003 (Burmese) |
| Date of publication: | | 24 September 2003 |
| Description/subject: | | Unofficial translation (by UNICEF) |
| Language: | | Burmese/ ျမန္မာဘာသာ |
| Source/publisher: | | Government of Thailand |
| Format/size: | | pdf (112K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 16 January 2013 |
|
| Title: | | Convention on the Rights of the Child (Burmese) |
| Date of publication: | | 2003 |
| Description/subject: | | "Chapters inside include Article (1) to (40) of Convention on the Rights of the Child which are divided roughly four sections like: survival rights, Development rights, Protection rights and Participation rights of child." |
| Language: | | Burmese |
| Source/publisher: | | Human Rights Education Institute of Burma (HREIB) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (1.49MB) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 16 February 2005 |
|
| Title: | | Thailand's Nationality Act |
| Date of publication: | | 1992 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | “Nationality & Statelessness” Vol. II, IBHI Humanitarian Series, 1996 |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 23 February 2005 |
|
| Title: | | Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) |
| Date of publication: | | 20 November 1989 |
| Description/subject: | | Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 44/25 of 20 November 1989; entry into force 2 September 1990. For the jurisprudence of the Convention, visit the site of CRC Committee. Myanmar accession: 15 July 1991. |
| Language: | | English, Francais, Espanol, Russian, Arabic, Chinese |
| Source/publisher: | | United Nations |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
| Title: | | Thailand's Immigration Act 1979 (B.E. 2522) |
| Date of publication: | | 30 May 1979 |
| Description/subject: | | Comment (by UNHCR): This is an unofficial translation. This Act was published in the Government Gazette Vol. 96, Part 28, Special Issue, p. 45, dated 1 March 1979. Translated and published on the website of the Royal Thai Police. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | UNHCR |
| Format/size: | | pdf, html |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/46b2f9f42.html
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/type,LEGISLATION,,THA,46b2f9f42,0.html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 30 November 2008 |
|
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Muslim refugees in Thailand
Individual Documents
| Title: | | 3 sides to every story - A profile of Muslim communities in the refugee camps on the Thailand Burma border |
| Date of publication: | | July 2010 |
| Description/subject: | | "...The social dynamics of the refugee camps along the Thailand Burma border have shifted considerably in the past several years to the point where they now display significant diversities in ethnicity, religion and cultural practices. In order to better inform itself of these changing dynamics, in 2009 TBBC undertook research to gain a fuller understanding of one of the more distinct groups within this shifting landscape – that of the Muslim communities. This report is the result of that process, and provides analysis and ways forward to ensure the programme reflects sensitivities to their practices and preferences.
The Muslim sector of the refugee populations along the Thailand Burma border is a significant and distinct minority centred, for the most part, in the Tak camps – namely, Mae La (ML), Umpiem Mai (UM) and Nu Po (NP); with a very small community also in Mae Ra Ma Luang (MRML). The population consists of three main sub-sects, representing divergent relations to the wider refugee community – both in terms of geographical origin, political persuasion and social inclusion.
A singular classification of the root causes and motivations for their entry into the camps is not possible – as they range from genuine cases of asylum to the capitalisation on economic opportunities – although one summarising their lifestyle practices and preferences is more feasible, as specific and wide-ranging commonalities exist across the communities..." |
| Language: | | English, Thai |
| Source/publisher: | | Thailand Burma Border Consortium (TBBC) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (1,2MB - English; 1.6MB - Thai) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.tbbc.org/resources/muslim-edit-Eng.pdf
http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs12/2010-09-muslim-profile(th)-red.pdf |
| Date of entry/update: | | 27 November 2010 |
|
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Shan refugees in Thailand
Individual Documents
| Title: | | Shan Human Rights Monthly Newsletter - August 2012 - Why people still flee Shan State and seek refuge in other countries |
| Date of publication: | | August 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | Commentary: Why people still flee Shan State and seek refuge in other countries...
Contents: Themes & Places of Violations reported in this issue...
MAP...
Situation of people fleeing their native places in Kae-See...
Land confiscation and mining project causing people to flee, in Murng-Su...
Military operation, forced labour and extortion, causing people to flee, in Murng-Kerng...
Continuing forced labour, forced recuruitment and extortion causing people to flee, in Lai-Kha...
Forced recruitment causing people to flee, in Kung-Hing...
Military and police persecution causing people to flee, in Nam-Zarng...
Forced relocation and land confiscation causing people to flee, in Murng-Nai...
Beating and intimidation causing people to flee, in Larng-Khur... |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Shan Human Rights Foundation (SHRF) |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 08 January 2013 |
|
| Title: | | Blending In |
| Date of publication: | | October 2009 |
| Description/subject: | | Most ethnic minorities fleeing from eastern Burma are recognized as refugees in Thailand, but the Shan are afforded no such status...
"Occupying Burma’s largest state and with a population of about 5 million, the Shan, or Tai Yai, share a close cultural and historical identity with their Thai neighbors—the languages are similar and many Shan are able to assimilate easily within Thailand. In fact, many Shan people do not, or refuse to, speak Burmese.
One million Shan currently live in Thailand, mostly in Chiang Mai Province and the northern region, where they have a reputation for being independent and hard working.
After a drunk government soldier murdered her husband, Par Yuan and her childern fed to Thailand. (Photo: The Irrawaddy)
The Thai authorities’ official explanation as to why the Shan are not granted refugee status is that they have not fled war and persecution as entire communities. However, many observers say the real reason is to avoid opening the floodgates to an influx of Shan..." |
| Author/creator: | | Ko Htwe |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | "The Irrawaddy" Vol. 17, No. 7 |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www2.irrawaddy.org/print_article.php?art_id=16904 |
| Date of entry/update: | | 27 February 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Do dreams come true? ‘Illegal’ young female Shan refugees in Northern Thailand: coping with contradicting (in)securities. |
| Date of publication: | | June 2009 |
| Description/subject: | | "...This thesis consists out of seven chapters. The next chapter on theory will address important political
and theoretical debates within the arena of displacement and refugee studies. Chapter three will
present the methodological approach taken within the research.
Chapters four and five are the data chapters of this thesis addressing various layers of insecurities
through thematic chapters. The chapters are based on the most important themes that arose during
fieldwork. How young Shan women first reacted to state terror, and the impact of this on their daily
lives, is highlighted in chapter four. Chapter five will explain what it means to be a young Shan
female, revealing the daily life practices and the influences they have on life chances and future
aspirations. Finally, I shall conclude by referring to the debates discussed within the theory chapter.
The key words of this research are displacement, young female Shan refugees, future aspirations and
human (in)security..." |
| Author/creator: | | Ursula Cats |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Masters Thesis - Social and Cultural Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam |
| Format/size: | | pdf (4.9 - original version; 2.4 - OBL version) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs09/MASTER-THESIS-Final-version1-red.pdf |
| Date of entry/update: | | 15 September 2010 |
|
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Women refugees in Thailand
Individual Documents
| Title: | | Do dreams come true? ‘Illegal’ young female Shan refugees in Northern Thailand: coping with contradicting (in)securities. |
| Date of publication: | | June 2009 |
| Description/subject: | | "...This thesis consists out of seven chapters. The next chapter on theory will address important political
and theoretical debates within the arena of displacement and refugee studies. Chapter three will
present the methodological approach taken within the research.
Chapters four and five are the data chapters of this thesis addressing various layers of insecurities
through thematic chapters. The chapters are based on the most important themes that arose during
fieldwork. How young Shan women first reacted to state terror, and the impact of this on their daily
lives, is highlighted in chapter four. Chapter five will explain what it means to be a young Shan
female, revealing the daily life practices and the influences they have on life chances and future
aspirations. Finally, I shall conclude by referring to the debates discussed within the theory chapter.
The key words of this research are displacement, young female Shan refugees, future aspirations and
human (in)security..." |
| Author/creator: | | Ursula Cats |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Masters Thesis - Social and Cultural Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam |
| Format/size: | | pdf (4.9 - original version; 2.4 - OBL version) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs09/MASTER-THESIS-Final-version1-red.pdf |
| Date of entry/update: | | 15 September 2010 |
|
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Burmese refugees in Thailand -- The Thailand Burma Border Consortium (TBBC) and CCSDPT
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Articles on the TBBC
Individual Documents
| Title: | | A Sad, Sad Celebration |
| Date of publication: | | October 2009 |
| Description/subject: | | Twenty-five years of challenges and achievements for the Thailand Burma Border Consortium—and no end in sight...
"When 10,000 Karen refugees fled a widening conflict along Burma’s eastern border into neighboring Thailand in early 1984, it was generally expected that they would return home in a few months with the onset of the rains and the withdrawal of Burmese government troops from the jungle.
The anticipated withdrawal never came, however. Government army units established supply lines, maintaining and consolidating their positions. The uprooted refugees stayed in Thailand.
Nine refugee camps are now home to more than 140,000 refugees who have fed war and terror in Burma. (Photo : TBBC)
Every dry season that followed brought fresh offensives by the Burma regime forces and new waves of refugees into Thailand. The fighting and regime abuses only grew in intensity—and 25 years later there are more than 140,000 Burmese refugees in nine camps along Thailand’s border with Burma. The number is steadily growing—despite an ambitious program of resettlement in the US and other Western countries.
In 1984, Thailand already had its hands full with a refugee crisis on its eastern borders. Foreign aid workers helping to care for Vietnamese, Lao and Cambodian refugees interrupted their relief efforts there and moved to the far west of the country to assist Thai authorities tackle what they were told would be only a temporary problem on the Thai-Burmese border.
An Englishman, Jack Dunford, was among that vanguard of relief workers. He helped set up a consortium of nongovernmental agencies to provide food to the refugees on a short-term basis. Dunford soon found himself dealing with a long-term task, and the fledgling organization, the Thailand Burma Border Consortium (TBBC), took over his life..." |
| Author/creator: | | Jim Andrews |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | "The Irrawaddy" Vol. 17, No. 7 |
| Format/size: | | html |
| Date of entry/update: | | 27 February 2010 |
|
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CCSDPT documents on resettlement
Individual Documents
| Title: | | PLANNING FOR THE FUTURE: THE IMPACT OF RESETTLEMENT ON THE REMAINING CAMP POPULATION |
| Date of publication: | | July 2007 |
| Description/subject: | | TABLE OF CONTENTS:
MAP OF THAI-BURMESE BORDER CAMPS;
ACRONYMS. iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...v
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .. vi
1. INTRODUCTION .1
2. METHODOLOGY 2
3. CURRENT CONTEXT OF RESETTLEMENT ..3
4. IMPACT OF RESETTLEMENT: OVERALL OBSERVATIONS..4
4.1 Factors influencing depletion of skilled workers .5
4.2 Limited labour pool and the difficulty of replacement..6
4.3 Mood in the camps in the context of resettlement ..8
5. EDUCATION .8
5.1 Overall Impact on Education Sector...8
5.2 Actual and Anticipated Consequences of Resettlement on the Education Sector .11
5.3 Current and Possible Programmatic Responses to Resettlement: Coping Strategies ...12
5.4 Sectoral Recommendations for Education ...13
6. HEALTH14
6.1 Overall Impact on the Health Sector 14
6.2 Actual and Anticipated Consequences of Resettlement on the Health Sector...17
6.3 Current and Possible Programmatic Responses to Resettlement: Coping Strategies ...18
6.4 Sectoral Recommendations 19
7. CAMP ADMINISTRATION ...21
7.1 Overall findings ...21
7.2 Camp Committees ..22
7.3 CBOs..22
7.4 CBO and Camp Committee Recommendations ...25
8. OTHER RESETTLEMENT-AFFECTED GROUPS..25
8.1 Extremely Vulnerable Individuals (EVIs) ..25
8.2 Separated Children .26
9. POSITIVE IMPACTS ..26
10. FINANCIAL COSTS OF RESETTLEMENT..27
11. RECOMMENDATIONS TO KEY STAKEHOLDERS...27
11.1 NGOs and CBOs...27
11.2 UNHCR, IOM, OPE...29
11.3 Resettlement Countries.30
11.4 Royal Thai Government.31
11.5 Donors ..31
11.6 All Stakeholders 31
12. APPENDICES .32
Appendix A: Resettlement Activity vs. Education Level ..32
Appendix B: Guidelines and Procedures for the Identification of Myanmar .35
Refugees for Resettlement Submission.35
Appendix C: Camp-based workers, Education Level, and Projected Resettlement .39
Appendix D: Camp-Specific Data ..42
Appendix E: Financial Costs of Resettlement 49
Appendix F: List of Stakeholders Interviewed 51 |
| Author/creator: | | DR. SUSAN BANKI AND DR. HAZEL LANG |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | CCSDPT |
| Format/size: | | pdf |
| Date of entry/update: | | 30 October 2007 |
|
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TBBC 6-monthly Programme Reports
Individual Documents
| Title: | | TBBC Programme Report, July-December 2009 |
| Date of publication: | | March 2010 |
| Description/subject: | | Executive Summary: "With funding becoming increasingly difficult to sustain, 2009 never promised to be an easy year for the Thailand Burma Border Consortium (TBBC) or for the hundreds of thousands of refugees and internally displaced people either side of the Thailand Burma border. Humanitarian actors were increasingly becoming operational inside the country to seize whatever new opportunities might emerge after the 2010 General Election and there was a danger that ethnic conflict in the border areas, remote from Rangoon, might increasingly become the ‘side-show’.
But the ethnic issue is unfinished business. Armed ethnic conflict has dragged on for more than 60 years and, although both cease-fire and non-ceasefire ethnic groups have limited resources, they remain major obstacles to the State Peace and Development Council’s (SPDC) aim for complete control. Whilst everyone hopes that the General Election will indeed lead to meaningful change, the new constitution does not address ethnic aspirations and conflict could go on for many more years to come. There remains the possibility of a major emergency should SPDC decide to push for an early military solution.
Against this backdrop of uncertainty, 2009 in fact turned out in many ways to be a good year for TBBC. Donor interest remained high: twelve governments were represented at TBBC’s annual meetings in Chiang Mai and funding needs were met. TBBC was able to sustain all of its regular activities, supplying 22,130 MT of rice, 5,454 MT of other food and 12,894 MT of charcoal to an average 138,000 refugees, but also was able to invest time and resources in strengthening its programme and planning new initiatives whilst playing a leading role in putting forward strategic options for change to the Royal Thai Government (RTG).
TBBC is grateful to all of its Donors, large and small for the support and encouragement it received. This report provides details of the programme during the second half of 2009, and presents an operating budget of baht 1,230 million (USD 37 million or EUR 27 million) for 20101. Whilst primarily targeted at Donors, this report also aims to provide information and analysis useful to other concerned observers and practitioners interested and involved in the situation in Burma and along the Thailand Burma border...
Refugee situation:
TBBC’s 2009 annual report on displacement in eastern Burma showed how threats to civilian safety and livelihoods have grown even worse during the past five years as the Burmese army has gradually increased its presence and control in the border areas. At least 75,000 people were displaced from their homes between August 2008 and July 2009 and although many of these remain inside Burma, others joined the steady flow of new refugees into Thailand.
The attack by the Democratic Karen Buddhist Army (DKBA) and SPDC against the Karen National Liberation Army (KNLA) opposite Tha Song Yang District in June reported last time, was seen as a likely prelude to an ongoing offensive in Karen State. It also illustrated the way similar emergencies might develop on other parts of the border if other cease-fire groups acceded to SPDC’s orders to form border guard forces (BGFs) and joined offensives against the remaining non-ceasefire groups. Some 4,000 refugees fled into Thailand.
But so far there have been no major new military operations along the border and, although several deadlines have passed, the other main cease-fire groups have still refused to form BGFs. It remains to be seen whether SPDC will attempt to force the issue before the General Election, which could still precipitate a major emergency, or whether it will back away from direct confrontation, settling instead to break down ethnic resistance over the longer run. Either way, it is far more likely that there will be more refugees coming into Thailand in 2010 than any of them going home.
As this report is being finalised there is much speculation about the 3,000 refugees still living in very temporary shelters in Tha Song Yang District following the June offensive. Whilst most of them express a desire to go back, the threat of landmines and ongoing conflict make this a very dangerous proposition at the present time. The Thai authorities insist that they will not send anyone back against their will, but reports of intimidation persist. Since services are difficult to sustain in the temporary locations, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the Committee for Coordination of Services to Displaced Persons in Thailand (CCSDPT) have recommended that the refugees should be offered the option of moving to Mae La camp.
TBBC’s new population database and ration book system which has gradually been introduced since 2007 is now fully functional, providing accurate information on refugee numbers and tight control of ration distributions. TBBC has been able to physically verify and photograph everyone eligible for assistance and the requirement for every individual to personally collect his/her ration against a photo ID has led to greatly improved efficiencies. Apart from an estimated 7,600 in Mae La, all unregistered people in the camps have now been through the verification process and the verified caseload at 31st December was 139,366 comprising 94,298 registered refugees and 45,038 unregistered people. Since
some people work for short periods outside the camps, on average about 96% of the verified caseload actually show up to collect their rations, meaning that the current actual feeding figure is about 133,500.
Results of the Royal RTG pilot pre-screening process in four camps have yet to be finalised and no announcement has yet been made whether, how or when this will be extended to the other camps. Hopefully this will occur during the first half of 2010 and, if successful, would mean that TBBC could then exclude “screened out” persons from ration distributions. TBBC’s verification process has in fact already excluded some who have been pre-screened.
Almost 17,000 refugees left for resettlement to third countries in 2009 bringing the total to over 53,000 since 2005. Numbers leaving are expected to start declining in 2010 and so, allowing for babies born in the camps and a ‘normal’ influx of new arrivals, TBBC is basing its budget for 2010 on an end of year case load of 136,000...
Funding situation:
2009 was a satisfactory year financially. Expenses totalled baht 1,108 million and income was baht 1,137 million giving a small surplus of baht 29 million. This small reserve will be important in 2010 since the budget of baht 1,230 million, is 11% higher than last year, mainly due to higher commodity prices, but also because of planned new initiatives. Although some Donors have yet to confirm their funding intentions, the projected income for 2010 is baht 1,083 million, 5% lower than 2009 and this would result in a shortfall of baht 149 million for the year.
TBBC’s funding position is very sensitive to exchange rates and commodity price fluctuations, both of which are going the wrong way at present. The Thai baht has strengthened 20% against Donor currencies over the last 5 years and commodity prices are rising. It is essential therefore that additional funds are raised. The TBBC programme is still remarkably efficient with the cost of supporting one refugee for a whole year just baht 8,500 (USD 250, EUR 185) and all staff, management and governance costs amount to less than 9% of the budget...
Strategic planning:
The struggle to sustain adequate funding for refugee support after 25 years has added pressure for a change in the current model of encampment, with refugees almost entirely aid-dependent. Following up on advocacy initiatives launched in 2005, CCSDPT and UNHCR drew up a draft five-year Strategic Plan during 2009 to promote the ideas of increasing refugee self-reliance and bringing refugee services under the RTG system where possible, with greater freedom for refugees to move outside the camps being an important requirement. It was presented to RTG representatives and Donors at a seminar in Chiang Mai in November.
Whilst the RTG is sympathetic to refugees having more productive lives, concerns about national security, the impact on Thai communities and the fear of creating a pull factor for new refugees, have so far weighed against any change in the policy of encampment. This means that although progress can be made in certain areas, the strategy as whole is currently unattainable.
The directions of the Strategic Plan remain valid and although the scope for creating sustainable livelihoods within camps is very limited, TBBC is pursuing new initiatives. For 2010, new and expanded livelihood opportunities are planned in agriculture, weaving, shelter construction and small business enterprises such as sewing, carpentry and shops. These projects will equip refugees to take advantage of new economic opportunities as they arise but they are likely to create only limited opportunities for reducing basic humanitarian support under current conditions.
Even though large numbers of small businesses are common in long-term refugee camps, sometimes visitors to the camps (usually Mae La) are surprised at the number of shops, concluding that the refugees must be relatively ‘well-off’. A survey conducted by consultants commissioned and funded by the European Commission (DG ECHO) during the period found that one third of the population are ‘poor’ or ‘very poor’ with an average household (5.7 people) income less than baht 500 per month (USD 15, EUR 11), whilst ‘better-off’ households earning more than 2,200 baht per month (USD 66, EUR 48) were no more than 9% of the population. Their conclusion was that this provided little scope for reducing assistance and demonstrated the need to encourage and expand entrepreneurial activity in the camps. Support for livelihood activities will encourage self-reliance but all stakeholders must remain committed to finding ways of improving refugee mobility if assistance needs are to be reduced significantly..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Thailand Burma Border Consortium (TBBC) |
| Format/size: | | pdf - 7.3MB; zip - 7.6MB) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.tbbc.org/resources/2009-6-mth-rpt-jul-dec.zip |
| Date of entry/update: | | 04 September 2010 |
|
| Title: | | TBBC Programme Report, January-June 2009 |
| Date of publication: | | June 2009 |
| Description/subject: | | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:
"The Thailand Burma Border Consortium (TBBC) has been working with refugees from Burma for 25 years
this year, a cause more for sadness than celebration, but also a triumph for hope and perseverance. 25
years has been a long time for TBBC to maintain interest and support, and a long time to test the patience
and goodwill of Thailand, the reluctant host. But it has been an eternity for the refugees who have lost their
homes and loved ones, continue to live in exile and yearn to go home.
The Thailand-Burma border is at the same time beautiful and exotic, dangerous and tragic but, to most of
the world, still largely unknown. The 25th anniversary would probably even have gone un-noticed were it
not for TBBC’s archives and so to mark this moment in history for posterity TBBC is publishing a border
“Scrapbook” in which refugees, exiles, aid workers, journalists, and diplomats; anyone who has lived,
worked or visited the border over the last 25 years; will share their memories and experiences to help paint
the amazing tapestry that is the Thailand Burma border: A permanent record that will hopefully be looked
back on before too long as a fading memory.
The TBBC story is well documented in six-month reports going right back to the early days and this latest
report describes the programme during the first half of 2009, presenting a preliminary budget of baht 1,213
million (USD 36 million or EUR 26 million) for 20101...
Refugee situation:
After 25 years there is still no end in sight to the refugee situation. For 25 years the Burmese Army has
gradually overrun ethnic territory displacing more than a million people from their homes. It has brought
terror to the people as villages have been destroyed or relocated, land confiscated, roads driven through,
military bases established and the natural resources exploited. This is vast and remote territory and the
Burmese Army has yet to take total control, but during these last few months it appears that another
concerted effort has perhaps begun. In the run-up to Burma’s promised General Election in 2010, the State
Peace and Development Council (SPDC) is attempting to convert the ethnic cease-fire armies into Border
Guard Forces (BGFs) under Burmese Army command. Most are opposed to the idea but some, including the
Democratic Karen Buddhist Army (DKBA) are cooperating and helping SPDC launch a renewed offensive
against the Karen National Liberation Army (KNLA). Since early June at least 4,000 new refugees have
crossed the border into Tak Province.
These latest arrivals still hope to go home and are being supported on a temporary basis. They are not
included in TBBC’s current feeding figure of 134,000. Neither are the majority of the large numbers of new
arrivals into the Tak camps since the end of 2007 who are still being verified. It is estimated that currently
around 17,000 unregistered people are not receiving rations. The good news is that the long anticipated
pilot pre-screening process undertaken by the Royal Thai Government (RTG) to “screen out” those “without
a manifestly just claim to asylum” is now well underway. It is possible that by early next year the entire
unregistered population will have been screened. This will make the ongoing determination of feeding
figures much more straightforward.
It will also probably result in an increase in TBBC’s feeding figures. For budgeting purposes TBBC is
assuming that about two-thirds of the unregistered will be “screened in” which is the main reason why
the 2010 preliminary budget is around 5% higher than in 2009. Although resettlement to third countries
continues, with about 17,000 expected to leave this year and around 15,000 projected for 2010, these will
be outnumbered by the unregistered “screened in”, together with new arrivals and new births. After another
full year of resettlement, the feeding figure at the end of 2010 is projected to be 138,000 people...
Funding situation:
After experiencing repeated funding shortages over the last few years it is a relief to report that TBBC is
currently expecting to more or less break even in 2009. Revised projected expenditures of baht 1,153
million (USD 34 million or EUR 25 million) are expected to be nearly covered by grants thanks to fairly
stable prices and exchange rates, and a generous response from TBBC’s Donors. The situation for next
year is less certain however. At this stage TBBC has only two committed grants for 2010 and much work
needs to be done before the Donors Meeting in November if the preliminary budget of baht 1,213 million
(USD 36 million or EUR 26 million) is to be achieved.
The budget is very sensitive to commodity prices, exchanges rates and feeding figures. A combination of increases or decreases
of 20%, 10% and 10% in these variables respectively, would increase/ decrease funding needs by EUR 7.6 million or USD 10.8
million...
Strategic planning:
The main reason why it has been difficult to raise enough funds during the last few years is the fact that
the situation has gone on for so long with little prospects for change and, in spite of the large third country
resettlement programme, refugee numbers have not gone down. There has been a growing realisation that
the current model of encampment, with refugees almost entirely aid-dependent, is neither desirable nor
sustainable.
Recent reports have documented advocacy with the RTG to allow refugees to be more self-reliant through
improved skills training and education and by promoting income generation/ employment opportunities.
Donors would like to see a clear medium term plan to this effect and have requested an all-stakeholders
Workshop with the RTG to develop a shared strategy. The reality is that there are already embryonic
programme activities attempting to challenge the status quo and during this period the Committee for
Coordination of Services to Displaced Persons in Thailand (CCSDPT) and the United Nations High
Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) have begun drafting a five year Strategic Plan in which all service
sectors share the common objectives of helping refugees become more self-reliant and, where possible,
incorporating refugee services within the Thai system.
Such a strategy will need commitment by all parties, and the necessary allocation of resources. TBBC has
reoriented its own Strategic Plan for the next five years looking wherever possible to encourage refugee
self-reliance. It represents a fundamental philosophical shift for the organisation from one of strengthening
and sustaining services whilst waiting for change, to re-orientating all activities to promote change and
durable solutions...
TBBC programme:
Promoting change has huge implications for TBBC’s human resources. In addition to the on-going challenge
of meeting increasing Donor demands for monitoring and accountability, TBBC needs additional resources
for research and the development of new activities.
Several consultancies have already been undertaken this year, or are about to start, which will help guide
the process. A study of TBBC’s building supplies has not only recommended many ways the programme
can be improved, but also the potential for new livelihood opportunities in the shelter sector. Another
consultancy funded by ECHO will look at current economic coping strategies in the camps to explore ways
of expanding these and possible ways of more accurately targeting assistance.
During this period TBBC has been recruiting new staff to help manage and monitor the “supply chain”, to
expand its food security programme, develop livelihoods opportunities, and to build the capacity of refugee
community organisations to take an increasing role in camp management.
To deal with the management challenges of all these developments, TBBC will host a Data Management
consultancy to review and improve the way TBBC manages its various databases and a TBBC Boardcommissioned
Management Consultancy will review TBBC’s management structure and budgeting process...
Prospects:
The next year is an extremely critical one for Burma as it prepares for the General Election which the junta
proclaims will herald a new era of “disciplined” democracy. The prospects, however, are not good with the
SPDC showing no signs of making the process inclusive, totally defying the wishes of the international
community and its own people. Around 2,100 political prisoners remain incarcerated and Aung San Suu
Kyi has just been subjected to a farcical trial resulting in an extension of her house arrest for another 18
months. The election date and law governing it has yet to be revealed and it seems unlikely that the National
League for Democracy, the main opposition party, or many of the ethnic nationality groups will participate.
Attempts by the international community to reason with the regime are spurned, the UN Secretary General
even being refused permission to meet with Aung San Suu Kyi. There is increasing concern about SPDC’s
threat to regional peace and security, particularly after recent reports of growing military cooperation with
North Korea and suggestions that Burma has ambitions to develop nuclear weapons.
Meanwhile the dire humanitarian situation in Burma does not improve. Whilst there had been hopes
that international access to the Delta post-Nargis might open up new opportunities for the humanitarian
community to expand their programmes and improve access to other parts of the country, any progress is
extremely slow and is unlikely to have any material impact at least until after the Election. A major potential
destabilising factor is the way SPDC is attempting to deal with ethnic aspirations. The demand that the
ethnic cease-fire groups form BGFs mentioned above is meeting resistance, and could result in conflict.
All of this bodes ill for the Thailand Burma border. If SPDC is successful in further developing the BGFs
along other parts of the border and in other ethnic areas, then the recent Tak emergency is likely to be
repeated in the months to come. However, if the other cease-fire groups decide to defy SPDC, the ceasefire
agreements might be broken and armed hostilities resumed. Either way, the stakes have been raised,
the situation is very volatile and new refugee flows are a distinct possibility." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Thailand Burma Border Consortium (TBBC) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (5,7MB; zip 5.6MB) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.tbbc.org/resources/2009-6-mth-rpt-jan-jun.zip |
| Date of entry/update: | | 04 September 2010 |
|
| Title: | | TBBC Programme Report, July-December 2008 |
| Date of publication: | | March 2009 |
| Description/subject: | | "This report describes the Thailand Burma Border Consortium (TBBC) programme during the second half
of 2008 and presents an operating budget of baht 1,130 million (USD 33 million or EUR 26 million) for
20091. It tells a remarkable story of how TBBC managed to maintain its services in a year of turmoil, but also
describes the tough challenges ahead for 2009..." 1. Executive Summary.....
2. Refugee situation July to December 2008:
a) Refugee populations...
b) Planning initiatives and RTG policy...
c) Migrant workers...
d) Internally displaced: the situation in eastern Burma...
e) Political developments.....
3. Programme July to December 2008:-
3.1 Supporting an adequate standard of living:
a) Food security programme: food, nutrition, and agriculture...
b) Cooking fuel, stoves, utensils...
c) Soap...
d) Shelter...
e) Clothing...
f) Blankets, mosquito nets and sleeping mats...
g) Procurement, quality control, distribution/ ration books, monitoring, stocks...
h) Feeding fi gures...
i) Logistics/ Supply chain management...
j) Preparedness, new arrivals and vulnerable groups...
k) Support to Mon resettlement sites...
l) Safe house...
m) Assistance to Thai communities...
n) Coordination of assistance.....
3.2. Promoting livelihoods and income generation:
a) CAN...
b) Weaving project...
c) Cooking stoves.....
3.3. Empowerment through inclusive participation:
a) Camp management...
b) Community liaison...
c) Gender...
d) Protection...
e) Peace building, conflict resolution...
3.4 Strengthening advocacy.....
3.5 Developing organisational resources:
a) Governance...
b) Management...
c) Communications...
d) Resource Centre...
e) Visibility...
f) Strategic plan...
g) Cost effectiveness...
h) Funding strategy...
i) Programme studies and evaluations.....
4. Finance:
4.1. Expenses...
4.2. Income...
4.3. Reserves and balance sheet...
4.4. Monthly cash flow...
4.5. 2008 grant allocations...
4.6. Sensitivity of assumptions.......
THAILAND BURMA BORDER CONSORTIUM:-
Appendices:
TBBC:
A) History and development, Organisational structure...
B) Summary of TBBC and NGO programme from 1984...
C) Accounts.....
The relief programme: background and description:-
D) Programme constituents:
1.Supporting an adequate standard of living:
a) Food security programme: food, nutrition and agriculture...
b) Cooking fuel, cooking stoves, utensils...
c) Building materials...
d) Clothing...
e) Blankets, mosquito nets and sleeping mats...
f) Educational supplies...
g) Emergency stock...
h) Procurement procedures, tendering, transportation, receipt, storage,
distribution, food containers...
i) Quality control, monitoring...
j) Logistics/ Supply chain management...
k) Assistance to Thai communities.....
2.Promoting livelihoods and income generation"
a) CAN...
b) Weaving project...
c) Stove making.....
3.Empowerment through inclusive participation:
a) Camp management...
b) Community liaison...
c) Gender...
d) Protection.....
4.Strengthening advocacy:
a) Advocacy activities.....
5.Developing organisational resources:
a) Strategic plan...
b) Programme evaluation and review...
c) Performance indicators...
d) Cost effectiveness...
e) Staff training...
f) Sustainability and Contingency Planning...
g) Continuum strategy (Linking Relief, Rehabilitation and Development)...
h) Visibility .....
E) Programme performance indicators including Logframe:-
Thailand-Burma border area:
F) A brief history of the Thailand Burma border situation ...
G) Internal displacement, vulnerability and protection in eastern Burma...
Members and staff:
H) TBBC member agencies, advisory committee, member representatives and staff,
1984 to February 2009...
I) TBBC meeting schedule 2009...
Abbreviations.....
Maps:
A) Burma states and divisions...
B) Burmese ethnic groups...
C) Displaced Burmese December 2008 ...
D) Camp populations...
E) CCSDPT services...
F) Border situation 1984 to December 2008 151
G) IDP maps |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Thailand Burma Border consortium (TBBC) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (6.6MB - full report; 339K - Burmese extracts) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.tbbc.org/resources/2008-6-mth-rpt-jul-dec-burmese.pdf (extracts in Burmese)
http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs07/2008-6-mth-rpt-jul-dec.pdf |
| Date of entry/update: | | 13 April 2009 |
|
| Title: | | TBBC Programme Report, January-June 2008 |
| Date of publication: | | June 2008 |
| Description/subject: | | Includes 2009 preliminary budget.....Contents
1.Executive Summary...
2.Refugee situation January to June 2008:
a) Refugee populations...
b) Planning initiatives and RTG policy...
c) Migrant workers...
d) Internally displaced: the situation in eastern Burma...
e) Political developments......
3.Programme January to June 2008:-
3.1 Supporting an adequate standard of living:
a) Food security programme: food, nutrition, and agriculture...
b) Cooking fuel, stoves, utensils...
c) Soap...
d) Shelter...
e) Clothing...
f) Blankets, mosquito nets and sleeping mats...
g) Tendering, procurement, monitoring, stocks...
h) Feeding figures...
i) Preparedness, new arrivals and vulnerable groups...
j) Support to Mon resettlement sites...
k) Safe house...
l) Assistance to Thai communities...
m) Coordination of assistance...
3.2 Promoting livelihoods and income generation:
a) Can...
b) Weaving project...
c) Cooking stoves...
3.3 Empowerment through inclusive participation:
a) Camp management...
b) Community liaison...
c) Gender...
d) Protection...
e) Peace building, conflict resolution...
3.4 Strengthening advocacy:
a) Advocacy activities...
b) Internally displaced persons (IDPs)...
3.5 Developing organisational resources:
a) Governance...
b) Management...
c) Communications...
d) Resource Centre...
e) Strategic plan...
f) Cost effectiveness...
g) Funding strategy...
h) Programme studies and evaluations.....
4.Finance:
4.1 Expenses...
4.2 Income...
4.3 Reserves and balance sheet...
4.4 Monthly cash flow...
4.5 2007 grant allocations...
4.6 Sensitivity of assumptions.....
Appendices:-
TBBC:
A) History and development, Organisational structure 51
B) Summary of TBBC and NGO programme from 1984 58
C) Accounts 66...
The relief programme: background and description:
D) Programme constituents:
1. Supporting an adequate standard of living:
a) Food security programme: food, nutrition and agriculture...
b) Cooking fuel, cooking stoves, utensils...
c) Building materials...
d) Clothing...
e) Blankets, mosquito nets and sleeping mats...
f) Educational supplies...
g) Emergency stock...
h) Procurement procedures, transportation, delivery, storage,
distribution, food containers...
i) Quality control, monitoring...
j) Assistance to Thai communities......
2. Promoting livelihoods and income generation:
a) Can...
b)Weaving project...
c) Stove making 79
3. Empowerment through inclusive participation:
a) Camp management...
b) Community liaison...
c) Gender...
d) Protection.....
4. Strengthening advocacy:
a) Advocacy activities.....
5. Developing organisational resources:
a) Strategic plan...
b) Programme evaluation and review...
c) Performance indicators...
d) Cost effectiveness...
e) Staff training...
f) Sustainability and Contingency Planning...
g) Continuum strategy (Linking Relief, Rehabilitation and Development)...
h) Visibility......
E) Programme performance indicators including Logframe,
Thailand-Burma border area.....
F) A brief history of the Thailand Burma border situation......
G) Internal displacement, vulnerability and protection in eastern Burma 104
Members and staff......
H) TBBC member agencies, advisory committee, member representatives
and staff, 1984 to July 2008......
I) TBBC meeting schedule 2008.....
Abbreviations...
Maps:
A) Burma states and divisions...
B) Burmese ethnic groups...
C) Displaced Burmese June 2008...
D) Camp populations...
E) CCSDPT services...
F) Border situation 1984 to June 2008...
G) IDP maps. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Thailand Burma Border Consortium (TBBC) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (4MB) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 29 January 2009 |
|
| Title: | | TBBC Programme Report, July to December 2007 |
| Date of publication: | | 10 March 2008 |
| Description/subject: | | Contents:
1. Summary and appeal for funds...
2. Refugee situation July to December 2007:
a) Refugee populations 2
b) Planning initiatives and RTG policy 6
c) Migrant workers 6
d) Internally displaced: the situation in eastern Burma 7
e) Political developments 8
3. Programme July to December 2007
3.1 Supporting an adequate standard of living
a) Food security programme: food, nutrition, and agriculture 10
b) Cooking fuel, stoves, utensils 16
c) Soap 17
d) Shelter 18
e) Clothing 20
f) Blankets, mosquito nets and sleeping mats 21
g) Tendering, procurement, monitoring, stocks 21
h) Feeding figures 24
i) Preparedness, new arrivals and vulnerable groups 25
j) Support to Mon resettlement sites 27
k) Safe house 27
l) Assistance to Thai communities 28
m) Coordination of assistance 28
3.2 Promoting livelihoods and income generation
a) Weaving project 28
b) Cooking stoves 29
c) Livelihoods 29...
3.3 Empowerment through inclusive participation
a) Camp management 31
b) Community liaison 31
c) Gender 32
d) Protection 33
e) Peace building, conflict resolution 34
3.4 Strengthening advocacy
a) Advocacy activities 35
b) Internally displaced persons (IDPs) 35
c) Website 36
d) TBBC brochure 36
3.5 Developing organisational resources
a) Governance 36
b) Management 36
c) Resource centre 38
d) Communications officer 38
e) Strategic plan 38
f) Cost effectiveness 38
g) Funding strategy 38
h) Programme studies and evaluations...
4. Finance:
4.1 Expenses
a) 2007 actual expenses 41
b) 2008 operating budget 42
4.2 Income
a) 2007 43
b) 2008 43
4.3 Reserves and balance sheet 44
4.4 Monthly cash flow 45
4.5 2007 grant allocations 45
4.6 Sensitivity of assumptions 45
iii
Appendices
TBBC
A) History and development, Organisational structure 57
B) Summary of TBBC and NGO programme from 1984 66
C) Accounts 74
The relief programme: background and description
D) Programme constituents:
1. Supporting an adequate standard of living
a) Food security programme: food, nutrition and agriculture 78
b) Cooking fuel, cooking stoves, utensils 81
c) Building materials 81
d) Clothing 82
e) Blankets, mosquito nets and sleeping mats 82
f) Educational supplies 84
g) Emergency stock 84
h) Procurement procedures, transportation, delivery, storage,
distribution, food containers 84
i) Quality control, monitoring 87
j) Assistance to Thai communities 88
2. Promoting livelihoods and income generation
a) Weaving project 88
b) Stove making 88
3. Empowerment through inclusive participation
a) Camp management 89
b) Community liaison 89
c) Gender 89
d) Protection 91
4. Strengthening advocacy
a) Advocacy activities 91
5. Developing organisational resources
a) Strategic plan 91
b) Programme evaluation and review 92
c) Performance indicators 92
d) Cost effectiveness 92
e) Staff training 93
f) Programme sustainability 93
g) Visibility 94
E) Programme performance indicators including Logframe 95
Thailand-Burma border area
F) A brief history of the Thailand Burma border situation 116
G) Internal displacement, vulnerability and protection in eastern Burma 118
Members and staff
H) TBBC meeting schedule 2008 122...
Abbreviations 123...
Maps:
A) Burma states and divisions iv
B) Burmese ethnic groups v
C) Displaced Burmese December 2007 vi
D) Camp populations 3
E) CCSDPT services 59
F) Border situation 1984 to December 2007 117
G) IDP maps 118 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Thailand Burma Border Consortium (TBBC) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (4.3MB) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 04 April 2008 |
|
| Title: | | TBBC Programme Report, January to June 2007 |
| Date of publication: | | September 2007 |
| Description/subject: | | Contents:
1. Summary and appeal for funds 1...
2. Refugee situation January to June 2007
a) Refugee populations 2
b) Planning initiatives and RTG policy relating to camp services 7
c) Migrant workers 8
d) Internally displaced: the situation in eastern Burma 9
e) Political developments 10...
3. Programme January to June 2007
3.1 Supporting an adequate standard of living
a) Food security programme: food, nutrition, and agriculture 12
b) Cooking fuel, stoves, utensils 19
c) Soap 19
d) Shelter 20
e) Clothing 22
f) Blankets, bednets and sleeping mats 22
g) Tendering, procurement, monitoring, stocks 22
h) Feeding figures 26
i) Preparedness, new arrivals and vulnerable groups 26
j) Support to Mon resettlement sites 27
3.2 Working through partnerships
a) Camp management 28
b) Gender 29
c) Protection 29
d) Safe House 30
e) Assistance to Thai communities 30
3.3 Building capacity
a) Community liaison 31
b) Peace building, conflict resolution 33
c) Weaving project 33
3.4 Strengthening advocacy
a) Advocacy activities 34
b) Internally displaced persons (IDPs) 34
c) Website 35
d) TBBC logo 35
e) TBBC brochure 36
3.5 Developing organisational resources
a) Governance 36
b) Management 37
c) Resource centre 38
d) Strategic plan 38
e) Cost effectiveness 38
f) Funding strategy 38
g) Programme studies and evaluations 40...
4. Finance
4.1 Expenses
a) 2007 January to June actual expenses 41
b) 2007 revised projection 42
c) 2008 preliminary budget 43
4.2 Income
a) 2007 44
b) 2008 44
4.3 Reserves and balance sheet 44
4.4 Monthly cash flow 46
4.5 2007 grant allocations 46
4.6 Sensitivity of assumptions 46...
Appendices:
TBBC
A) History and development, Organisational structure 54
B) Summary of TBBC and NGO programme from 1984 64
C) Accounts 72
The relief programme: background and description
D) Programme constituents:
1. Supporting an adequate standard of living
a) Food security programme: food, nutrition and agriculture 76
b) Cooking fuel, cooking stoves, utensils 80
c) Building materials 81
d) Clothing 82
e) Blankets, bednets and sleeping mats 82
f) Educational supplies 84
g) Emergency stock 84
h) Procurement procedures, transportation, delivery, storage,
distribution, food containers 84
i) Quality control, monitoring 87
2. Working through partnerships
a) Camp management, representation 88
b) Gender policy 89
c) Protection 90
d) Assistance to Thai communities 90
3. Building capacity
a) Community liaison 91
b) Weaving project 91
4. Strengthening advocacy
a) Advocacy activities 91
5. Developing organisational resources
a) Strategic plan 92
b) Programme evaluation and review 92
c) Performance indicators 92
d) Cost effectiveness 93
e) Staff training 93
f) Programme sustainability 93
g) Visibility 94
E) Programme performance indicators including Logframe 95
Thailand-Burma border area
F) Brief history of the Thailand Burma border situation 116
G) Internal displacement, vulnerability and protection in eastern Burma 118
Members and staff
H) TBBC meeting schedule 2007 122
Abbreviations 123...
Maps
A) Burma states and divisions iv
B) Burmese ethnic groups v
C) Displaced Burmese June 2007 vi
D) Camp populations 3
E) CCSDPT services 57
F) Border situation 1984 to June 2007 117
G) IDP maps 118 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Thailand Burma Border Consortium (TBBC) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (5.1MB) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 30 October 2007 |
|
| Title: | | TBBC Programme Report, July to December 2006 |
| Date of publication: | | March 2007 |
| Description/subject: | | Contents:-
1. Summary and funding appeal...
2. Refugee situation July to December 2006:
a) Population trends;
b) Displaced Mon and Shan;
c) Camp situations;
d) Ongoing initiatives;
e) Trends/ Outlook...
3. Programme July to December 2006:
3.1 Supporting an adequate standard of living:
a) Food and nutrition;
b) Cooking fuel, Stoves;
c) Soap;
d) Shelter;
e) Clothing;
f) Tendering, Procurement, Monitoring, Stocks;
g) Preparedness, new arrivals and vulnerable Groups;
h) Support to Mon resettlement sites...
3.2 Working through partnerships:
a) Camp management;
b) Gender;
c) Protection;
d) Safe House;
e) Assistance to Thai communities...
3.3 Building capacity:
a) Food security (CAN Project);
b) Community liaison;
c) Peace building, conflict resolution;
d) Weaving project...
3.4 Strengthening advocacy:
a) Advocacy activities;
b) Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs);
c) Website;
d) TBBC logo;
e) TBBC brochure...
3.5 Developing organisational resources:
a) Governance;
b) Management;
c) Resource centre;
d) Strategic plan;
e) Cost effectiveness;
f) Funding strategy;
g) Programme evaluations...
4. Finance:
4.1 2006 financial statements:
a) 2006 actual expenses compared with revised projection;
b) 2006 income;
c) 2006 balance sheet and reserves;
d) 2006 monthly cash flow;
e) 2006 grant allocations...
4.2 2007 Budget:
a) 2007 expense budget;
b) 2007 income;
c) 2007 balance sheet and reserves;
d) 2007 monthly cash flow...
4.3 Sensitivity of assumptions...
4.4 2008 Indication:
iii...
Appendices:
TBBC:
A) History and development, Organisational structure...
B) Summary of TBBC and NGO programme: 1984 to December 2006...
C) Accounts...
The relief programme: background and description:
D) Programme constituents:
1. Supporting an adequate standard of living:
a) Food rations, Supplementary feeding;
b) Cooking fuel, Cooking stoves, Utensils;
c) Building materials;
d) Clothing;
e) Blankets, Bednets, Sleeping mats;
f) Educational supplies;
g) Emergency stock;
h) Procurement procedures, Transportation, Delivery, Storage,
Distribution, Food Containers;
i) Quality control, Monitoring...
2. Working through partnerships:
a) Camp management, Representation;
b) Gender policy;
c) Protection;
d) Assistance to Thai communities...
3. Building capacity:
a) Food security;
b) Community liaison;
c) Weaving project...
4. Strengthening advocacy:
a) Advocacy activities...
5. Developing organisational resources:
a) Strategic Plan;
b) Programme evaluation and review;
c) Performance indicators;
d) Cost effectiveness;
e) Staff training;
f) Programme sustainability;
g) Visibility...
E) Programme performance indicators including Logframe
Thailand-Burma border area...
F) Brief history of the Thailand Burma border situation...
G) Internal displacement, vulnerability and protection in eastern Burma...
H) TBBC meeting schedule 2007...
Abbreviations...
Maps:
A) Burma states and divisions;
B) Burmese ethnic groups;
C) Displaced Burmese 2006;
D) Camp populations;
E) CCSDPT services;
F) Border situation 1984 to 2006;
G) IDP maps. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Thailand Burma Border Consortium (TBBC) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (2.4MB) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 21 May 2007 |
|
| Title: | | TBBC Programme Report, January to June 2006 |
| Date of publication: | | September 2006 |
| Description/subject: | | Contents:
1. Summary and funding appeal...
2. Refugee situation January to June 2006:
a) Population trends;
b) Displaced Mon and Shan;
c) Problematic camp situations;
d) New initiatives;
e) Trends/ Outlook...
3. Programme January to June 2006:
3.1 Supporting an adequate standard of living:
a) Food and nutrition;
b) Cooking fuel, Stoves;
c) Shelter;
d) Clothing;
e) Tendering, Procurement, Monitoring, Stocks...
3.2 Working through partnerships:
a) Camp management;
b) Gender;
c) Protection;
d) Safe House;
e) Assistance to Thai communities...
3.3 Building capacity:
a) Food security (CAN Project);
b) Community liaison.
c) Weaving project...
3.4 Strengthening advocacy:
a) Advocacy activities;
b) Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs);
c) Website...
3.5 Developing organisational resources:
a) Governance;
b) Management;
c) Strategic Plan;
d) Cost effectiveness;
e) Funding strategy;
f) CCSDPT/ UNHCR Draft Comprehensive Plan;
g) Programme evaluations ...
4. Finance:
4.1 2006 income and expenses:
a) 2006 January to June actual expenses compared with budget;
b) 2006 revised projection for expenses compared with
operating budget;
c) 2006 income;
d) 2006 monthly cash flow;
e) 2006 net movements in funds and reserves;
f) 2006 grant allocations...
4.2 2007/2008 Budget:
a) 2007 expense budget;
b) 2007 income;
c) 2008 Indication expenses...
4.3 Sensitivity of assumptions:
ii;
iii...
Appendices:
TBBC:
A) History and development, Organisational structure;
B) Summary of TBBC and NGO programme: 1984 to June 2006;
C) Accounts;
The relief programme: background and description;
D) Programme constituents:
1. Supporting an adequate standard of living;
a) Food rations, Supplementary feeding;
b) Cooking fuel, Utensils;
c) Building materials;
d) Clothing;
e) Blankets, Bednets, Sleeping mats;
f) Education;
g) Emergency stock;
h) Procurement procedures, Delivery, Storage;
i) Quality control, Monitoring...
2. Working through partnerships;
a) Camp management, Representation;
b) Gender policy;
c) Protection;
d) Assistance to Thai communities...
3. Building capacity:
a) Food security;
b) Community liaison;
c) Weaving project...
4. Strengthening advocacy:
a) Advocacy activities...
5. Developing organisational resources:
a) Strategic Plan;
b) Programme evaluation and review;
c) Performance indicators;
d) Cost effectiveness;
e) Staff training;
f) Programme sustainability;
g) Visibility...
E) Programme performance indicators including Logframe
Thailand-Burma border area;
F) Brief history of Thailand Burma border situation;
G) Internal displacement in eastern Burma;
Members and staff;
H) Meetings scheduled for 2006....
Maps:
A) Burma states and divisions;
B) Burmese ethnic groups;
C) Displaced Burmese 2006;
D) Camp population;
E) CCSDPT services;
F) Border situation 1984 to 2006;
G) IDP maps 106Contents. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Thailand Burma Border Consortium (TBBC) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (2.59MB) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 21 May 2007 |
|
| Title: | | TBBC Programme Report, July to December 2005 |
| Date of publication: | | March 2006 |
| Description/subject: | | TBBC MEMBERS & REPRESENTATIVES;
TBBC MISSION, VISION, VALUES,
CONDUCT, GOAL, AIM, OBJECTS &
STRATEGIC PLAN OBJECTIVES;
BURMA STATES & DIVISIONS;
MAJOR ETHNIC GROUPS of BURMA;
SUMMARY & EMERGENCY FUNDING
APPEAL...
REFUGEE SITUATION DURING THE
SECOND HALF OF 2005:
a) Feeding Figures
b) Admissions to Asylum;
c) Persons of Concern;
d) Resettlement to Third Countries;
e) Shan Refugees;
f) Mon Resettlement Sites;
g) Tham Hin;
h) Mae La Oon;
i) Migrant Workers;
j) Internally Displaced;
k) CCSDPT/ UNHCR Draft Comprehensive
Plan & RTG/ NGO Workshop;
l) Political Developments...
TBBC PROGRAMME DURING THE
SECOND HALF OF 2005:
a) TBBC Logframe & Programme Impact;
b) Nutrition: Blended Food, Supplementary
Feeding & Nutrition Education,
Nursery School Lunches;
c) Food Security: Home Gardens, CAN
Handbook;
d) Environment: Cooking Fuel, Cooking
Stoves, Building Materials;
e) Clothing;
f) Procurement Procedures: Tendering,
Quality Control;
g) Monitoring;
h) Warehouses & Stock Management;
i) Camp Management;
j) Community Liaison;
k) Gender;
l) Protection;
m) Safe House;
n) Assistance to Thai Communities;
o) Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs);
p) Governance & Management;
q) Strategic Plan ;
r) TBBC Website ;
s) Financial Control/ Accounts;
t) Cost Effectiveness;
u) Good Humanitarian Donorship Initiative;
v) Programme Evaluations;
w) CCSDPT/ UNHCR Draft Comprehensive
Plan for 2006/ Donors Meeting;
x) Advocacy;
y) Lessons Learned...
TBBC INITIATIVES FOR THE NEXT SIX
MONTHS:
a) Nutrition;
b) Food Security;
c) Environment;
d) Procurement;
e) Monitoring;
f) Warehouses & Stock Management;
g) Camp Management;
h) Community Liaison Activities;
i) Gender;
j) Protection;
k) IDPs/ Displacement Research;
l) Governance & Management;
m) Strategic Plan;
n) TBBC Web Site;
o) Finance & Financial control;
p) Evaluations;
q) CCSDPT/ UNHCR Draft Comprehensive
Plan;
r) Advocacy...
TBBC EXPENSES: 2005 ACTUAL &
2006 OPERATING BUDGET:
a) Actual 2005 expenditures compared
with Revised Projection;
b) 2006 Operating Budget compared with
2006 Preliminary Budget;
c) 2006 Refugee Caseload...
TBBC FUNDING SITUATION:
a) TBBC 2006 Funding Crisis;
b) 2005 Actual & 2006 Funding Forecast;
c) Monthly Cash-flow 2005 Actual & 2006
Forecast;
d) Sensitivity of Assumptions...
FINANCIAL REPORTS FOR 2005:
a) The Accounts 45
b) Grant Allocations;
c) Statutory Accounting & External Audits;
d) Banking.....
LIST OF APPENDICES:
APPENDIX A: THE THAILAND & BURMA
BORDER CONSORTIUM:
a) 1984 Mandate/ Organisation;
b) 1990 Expansion/ 1991 Regulations;
c) 1994 Regulations;
d) 1997 CCSDPT Restructuring & RTG
Emergency Procedures;
e) 1998/ 99 Role for UNHCR;
f) CCSDPT/ UNHCR draft Comprehensive
Plan, 2005 RTG/ NGO Workshop;
g) TBBC Organisational Structure;
h) TBBC Funding Sources;
i) TBBC Bank Account;
j) Financial Statements & Programme
Updates;
k) TBBC Mission Statement, Vision, Goal,
Values, Aim & Objectives;
l) Coordination with Refugee Committees...
APPENDIX B: REFUGEE CAMP ORGANISATIONAL
STRUCTURES:
a) Authorities & Organisations;
b) Selection Procedures...
APPENDIX C: A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE
THAILAND BURMA BORDER SITUATION...
APPENDIX D: INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT,
VULNERABILITY & PROTECTION
IN EASTERN BURMA...
APPENDIX E: THE RELIEF PROGRAMME:
a) Royal Thai Government Regulations;
b) Refugee Demographics;
c) Food Rations;
d) Supplementary Feeding;
e) Food Security;
f) Environment: Environmental Impact,
Cooking Fuel, Building Materials;
g) Clothing;
h) Blankets, Bednets & Sleeping Mats;
i) Cooking Utensils;
j) Educational Supplies;
k) Emergency Stock;
l) Assistance to Thai Communities;
m) Procurement Procedures;
n) Transportation;
o) Delivery/ Storage;
p) Quality Control;
q) Distribution;
r) Monitoring;
s) Indicators;
t) Camp Management;
u) Protection;
v) Gender/ Gender Policy;
w) Cost Effectiveness;
x) Programme Sustainability;
y) Programme Evaluation;
z) Staff Training;
aa) Visibility...
APPENDIX F: TBBC PROGRAMME
PERFORMANCE INDICATORS...
APPENDIX G: SUMMARY OF NGO &
TBBC PROGRAMME 1984 TO DECEMBER
2005...
APPENDIX H: TBBC ACCOUNTS BEING
REVIEWED BY AUDITOR;
APPENDIX I: TBBC MEMBER AGENCIES,
ADVISORY COMMITTEE, MEMBER
REPRESENTATIVES & STAFF 1984 to
2006...
APPENDIX J: TBBC MEETING SCHEDULE
2006. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Thailand Burma Border Consortium |
| Format/size: | | pdf (3.53MB) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 23 March 2006 |
|
| Title: | | TBBC Programme Report, January to June 2005 |
| Date of publication: | | September 2005 |
| Description/subject: | | CONTENTS:
TBBC MISSION STATEMENT, GOAL,
AIM AND OBJECTIVES;
BURMA STATES and DIVISIONS;
MAJOR ETHNIC GROUPS of BURMA;
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS;
1. SUMMARY AND FUNDING APPEAL...
2. REFUGEE SITUATION DURING THE
FIRST HALF OF 2005:
a) Feeding Figures;
b) Admissions to Asylum;
c) Shan Refugees;
d) Mon Resettlement Sites;
e) Persons of Concern;
f) Tham Hin;
g) Resettlement to Third Countries;
h) Mae La Oon;
i) Mae Ra Ma Luang;
j) Contingency Planning: Expanded
Opportunities for Refugees;
k) Migrant Workers;
l) Internally Displaced;
m) Political Developments...
3. TBBC PROGRAMME DURING THE
FIRST HALF OF 2005:
a) TBBC Logframe and Programme
Impact;
b) Nutrition: Blended Food, Supplementary
Feeding and Nutrition Education;
Nursery School Lunches;
c) Food Security: Training, Home
Gardens;
d) Environment: Cooking Fuel, Cooking
Stoves, Building Materials;
e) Clothing;
f) Procurement Procedures: Tendering,
Quality Control;
g) Monitoring;
h) Warehouses and Stock Management;
i) Camp Management;
j) Community Liaison;
k) Gender;
l) Protection;
m) Safe House;
n) Assistance to Thai Communities;
o) Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs);
p) Governance and Management;
q) Financial Control/ Accounts;
r) Cost effectiveness;
s) Strategic Plan;
t) TBBC Website;
u) Lessons Learned...
4. TBBC INITIATIVES FOR THE NEXT
SIX MONTHS:
a) Nutrition;
b) Food Security;
c) Environment;
d) Procurement;
e) Monitoring;
f) Warehouses and Stock Management;
g) Camp Management;
h) Community Liaison Activities;
i) Protection;
j) IDPs;
k) Governance and Management;
l) Finance and Financial control;
m) Strategic Plan;
n) TBBC Web Site...
5. 2005 EXPENDITURES AND 2006
PRELIMINARY BUDGET...
a) Actual 2005 6-month Expenditures
compared with Operating Budget;
b) Revised Expenditure Projection for
2005 compared with Operating
Budget;
c) 2006 Preliminary Budget...
6. TBBC FUNDING SITUATION ;
a) Good Humanitarian Donorship (GHD)
and a Comprehensive Plan;
b) 2005 Funding Position;
c) Cash-flow Situation;
d) 2006 Funding Situation;
e) Sensitivity of Assumptions...
7. FINANCIAL REPORTS FOR FIRST
HALF OF 2005:
a) The Accounts;
b) Grant Allocations;
c) Statutory Accounting and External
Audits;
d) Banking...
LIST OF APPENDICES:
a) 1984 Mandate/Organisation;
c) 1994 Regulations 51 p) Quality Control 72
d) 1997 CCSDPT Restructuring and
RTG Emergency Procedures
e) 1998/99 Role for UNHCR 51 s) Indicators 75
f) TBBC Organisational Structure 51 t) Camp Management 76
g) TBBC Funding Sources 54 u) Protection 76
h) TBBC Bank Account 54 v) Gender/ TBBC Gender Policy 77
i) Financial Statements and Programme
j) TBBC Mission Statement, Goal, Aim
and Objectives and Guiding Philosophy
k) Coordination with Refugee Committees...
APPENDIX B: REFUGEE CAMP
ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURES:
a) Authorities and Organisations;
b) Selection Procedures...
APPENDIX C:
A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE THAILAND BURMA BORDER SITUATION...
APPENDIX D:
INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT AND VULNERABILITY IN EASTERN BURMA...APPENDIX E
THE RELIEF PROGRAMME: a) Royal Thai Government Regulations;
b) Refugee Demographics;
c) Food Rations;
d) Supplementary Feeding;
e) Food Security;
f) Environment: Environmental Impact,
Cooking Fuel, Building Materials;
g) Clothing;
h) Blankets, Bednets and Sleeping Mats;
i) Cooking Utensils;
j) Educational Supplies;
k) Emergency Stock;
l) Assistance to Thai Communities;
m) Procurement Procedures;
n) Transportation;
o) Delivery/Storage;
p) Quality Control;
q) Distribution;
r) Monitoring;
s) Indicators;
t) Camp Management;
u) Protection;
v) Gender/ TBBC Gender Policy;
w) Cost Effectiveness;
x) Programme Sustainability;
y) Programme Evaluation;
z) Staff Training...APPENDIX F:
TBBC PROGRAMME PERFORMANCE INDICATORS...APPENDIX G: SUMMARY OF NGO AND TBBC PROGRAMME: 1984 TO JUNE 2005...Appendix H: Audit report...Appendix J: TBBC meetings for 2005. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | The Thailand Burma Border Consortium (TBBC) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (3.47MB) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 30 July 2006 |
|
| Title: | | TBBC Programme Report, July to December 2004 |
| Date of publication: | | March 2005 |
| Description/subject: | | CONTENTS:
1. SUMMARY AND FUNDING APPEAL...
2. REFUGEE SITUATION DURING THE SECOND HALF OF 2004:
a) Admissions to Asylum;
b) Shan refugees;
c) Mon Resettlement Sites;
d) Tham Hin;
e) Mae La Oon;
f) Political developments, KNU Cease-fire;
g) Contingency Planning;
h) Persons of Concern;
i) Migrant Workers;
j) Internally displaced...
3. TBBC PROGRAMME DURING THE SECOND HALF OF 2004:
a) TBBC Logframe and Programme Impact;
b) Nutrition;
c) Food Security;
d) Environment: Cooking Fuel, Cooking Stoves, Building Materials;
e) Clothing;
f) Procurement Procedures: Tendering, Quality Control;
g) Monitoring;
h) Warehouses and Stock Management;
i) Camp Management;
j) Gender;
k) Protection;
l) Safe House;
m) Assistance to Thai Communities;
n) Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs);
o) Governance and Management;
p) Financial Control/ Accounts;
q) Cost effectiveness;
r) TBBC 20th Anniversary;
s) Strategic Planning;
t) TBBC Website...
4. 2004 EXPENDITURES AND 2005 BUDGET:
a) Actual 2004 expenditures Compared with August 2004 Projection;
b) 2005 Expenditure Projection Compared with August Budget...
5. TBBC FUNDING SITUATION:
a) 2004 Funding Situation;
b) 2005 Funding Needs;
c) Cash Flow Problems;
d) 2006 Funding Situation;
e) Sensitivity of Assumptions...
6. FINANCIAL REPORTS FOR SECOND HALF OF 2004:
a) The Accounts;
b) Grant Allocations;
c) External Audits...
LIST OF APPENDICES:
APPENDIX A: THE THAILAND BURMA BORDER CONSORTIUM:
a) 1984 Mandate/Organisation;
b) 1990 Expansion/1991 Regulations;
c) 1994 Regulations;
d) 1997 CCSDPT Restructuring and RTG Emergency Procedures;
e) 1998/99 Role for UNHCR;
f) TBBC Organisational Structure;
g) Funding Sources;
h) TBBC Bank Account;
i) Financial Statements and Programme Updates;
j) Programme Philosophy;
k) Coordination with Refugee Committees...
APPENDIX B: A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE THAILAND BURMA BORDER SITUATION...
APPENDIX C: INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT AND VULNERABILITY IN EASTERN BURMA...
APPENDIX D: THE RELIEF PROGRAMME:
a) Royal Thai Government Regulations;
b) Refugee Demographics;
c) Food Rations;
d) Supplementary Feeding;
e) Food Security;
f) Environment: Environmental Impact, Cooking Fuel, Building Materials;
g) Clothing;
h) Blankets, Bednets and Sleeping Mats;
i) Cooking Utensils;
j) Educational Supplies;
k) Emergency Stock;
l) Assistance to Thai Communities;
m) Procurement Procedures;
n) Transportation;
o) Delivery/Storage;
p) Quality Control;
q) Distribution;
r) Monitoring;
s) Indicators;
t) Camp Management;
u) Gender/ TBBC Gender Policy;
v) Cost Effectiveness;
w) Programme Sustainability;
x) Programme Evaluation;
y) Staff Training;
z) Visibility...
APPENDIX E: TBBC PROGRAMME PERFORMANCE INDICATORS...
APPENDIX F: SUMMARY OF NGO AND TBBC PROGRAMME 1984 TO DECEMBER 2004...
APPENDIX G: TBBC MEETING SCHEDULE 2005. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Thailand Burma Border Consortium (TBBC) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (3.5MB) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 21 May 2007 |
|
| Title: | | TBBC Programme Report, January to June 2004 |
| Date of publication: | | September 2004 |
| Description/subject: | | CONTENTS:
1. SUMMARY AND FUNDING APPEAL;
2. REFUGEE SITUATION DURING THE FIRST HALF OF 2004;
3. BBC PROGRAMME DURING THE FIRST HALF OF 2004;
4. 2004 EXPENDITURES AND 2005 BUDGET;
5. BBC FUNDING SITUATION;
6. FINANCIAL REPORTS FOR FIRST HALF OF 2004...
APPENDIX A: THE BURMESE BORDER CONSORTIUM:
a) 1984 Mandate/Organisation;
b) 1990 Expansion/1991 Regulations;
c) 1994 Regulations 44
d) 1997 CCSDPT Restructuring and RTG Emergency Procedures;
e) 1998/99 Role for UNHCR;
f) BBC Organisational Structure;
g) Funding Sources;
h) BBC Bank Account;
i) Financial Statements and Programme Updates;
j) Programme Philosophy;
k) Coordination with Refugee Committees...
APPENDIX B: A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE BURMESE BORDER SITUATION..
APPENDIX C: THE RELIEF PROGRAMME:
a) Royal Thai Government Regulations;
b) Food Rations;
c) Supplementary Feeding;
d) Blankets, Bednets and Sleeping Mats;
e) Cooking Utensils;
f) Building Materials;
g) Clothing;
h) Cooking Fuel;
i) Educational Supplies;
j) Emergency Stock;
k) Refugee Demographics;
l) Assistance to Thai Communities;
m) Procurement Procedures/Tendering;
n) Transportation;
o) Delivery/Storage;
p) Distribution;
q) Quality Control/Returns;
r) Camp Administration;
s) Monitoring;
t) Indicators;
u) Cost Effectiveness;
v) Gender;
w) Environmental Impact;
x) Programme Sustainability;
y) Programme Evaluation;
z) Visibility;
aa) Staff Training...
APPENDIX D: BBC PROGRAMME PERFORMANCE INDICATORS...
APPENDIX E: SUMMARY OF NGO AND BBC PROGRAMME 1984 TO JUNE 2004...
APPENDIX F: FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND AUDITOR’S REPORT TO 30 JUNE 2004...
APPENDIX G: FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (ACCRUALS BASIS)...
APPENDIX H: BBC MEETING SCHEDULE 2004. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | The Thailand Burma Border Consortium (TBBC) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (4.04MB) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 30 July 2006 |
|
| Title: | | TBBC Programme Report, July to December 2003 |
| Date of publication: | | March 2004 |
| Description/subject: | | CONTENTS:
1. SUMMARY AND FUNDING APPEAL 1
2. REFUGEE SITUATION DURING THE SECOND HALF OF 2003 2
3. BBC PROGRAMME DURING THE SECOND HALF OF 2003 8
4. 2003 EXPENDITURES AND 2004 BUDGET 22
5. BBC FUNDING SITUATION 26
6. FINANCIAL REPORTS FOR SECOND HALF OF 2003 29
APPENDIX A: THE BURMESE BORDER CONSORTIUM 38
a) 1984 Mandate/Organisation 38
b) 1990 Expansion/1991 Regulations 38
c) 1994 Regulations 39
d) 1997 CCSDPT Restructuring and RTG Emergency Procedures 39
e) 1998/99 Role for UNHCR 39
f) BBC Organisational Structure 39
g) Funding Sources 42
h) BBC Bank Account 42
i) Financial Statements and Programme Updates 43
j) Programme Philosophy 43
k) Coordination with Refugee Committees 43
APPENDIX B: A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE BURMESE BORDER SITUATION 44
APPENDIX C: INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS AND RELOCATION SITES 46
APPENDIX D: RECLAIMING THE RIGHT TO RICE 49
APPENDIX E: THE RELIEF PROGRAMME 51
a) Royal Thai Government Regulations 51
b) Food Rations 51
c) Supplementary Feeding 52
d) Blankets, Bednets and Sleeping Mats 52
e) Cooking Utensils 53
f) Building Materials 53
g) Clothing 53
h) Cooking Fuel 54
i) Educational Supplies 54
j) Emergency Stock 55
k) Refugee Demographics 55
l) Assistance to Thai Communities 55
m) Procurement Procedures/Tendering 55
n) Transportation 54
o) Delivery/Storage 56
p) Distribution 58
q) Quality Control/Returns 58
r) Camp Administration 58
s) Monitoring 59
t) Indicators 61
u) Cost Effectiveness 61
v) Gender 61
w) Environmental Impact 62
x) Programme Sustainability 63
y) Programme Evaluation 63
z) Visibility 64
aa) Staff Training 64
APPENDIX F: ENERGY SUPPLY TO BURMESE REFUGEES – FOLLOWUP EVALUATION 65
APPENDIX G: BBC PROGRAMME PERFORMANCE INDICATORS 69
APPENDIX H: SUMMARY OF NGO PROGRAMME 1984 TO DECEMBER 2003 76
APPENDIX I: BBC MEETING SCHEDULE 2004 81 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Thailand Burma Border Consortium (TBBC) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (4.7MB) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 30 October 2007 |
|
| Title: | | TBBC Programme Report, January to June 2003 |
| Date of publication: | | September 2003 |
| Description/subject: | | CONTENTS:
1. SUMMARY AND FUNDING APPEAL 1
2. REFUGEE SITUATION DURING THE FIRST HALF OF 2003 2
3. BBC PROGRAMME DURING THE FIRST HALF OF 2003 8
4. 2003 EXPENDITURES AND 2004 BUDGET 22
5. BBC FUNDING SITUATION 26
6. FINANCIAL REPORTS FOR FIRST HALF OF 2003 29
APPENDIX A: THE BURMESE BORDER CONSORTIUM 38
a) 1984 Mandate/Organisation 38
b) 1990 Expansion/1991 Regulations 38
c) 1994 Regulations 39
d) 1997 CCSDPT Restructuring and RTG Emergency Procedures 39
e) 1998/99 Role for UNHCR 39
f) BBC Organisational Structure 39
g) Funding Sources 42
h) BBC Bank Account 42
i) Financial Statements and Programme Updates 43
j) Programme Philosophy 43
k) Coordination with Refugee Committees 43
APPENDIX B: A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE BURMESE BORDER SITUATION 44
APPENDIX C: MINISTRY OF INTERIOR REGULATIONS MAY 1991 46
APPENDIX D: INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS AND RELOCATION SITES 47
APPENDIX E: THE RELIEF PROGRAMME 50
a) Royal Thai Government Regulations 50
b) Food Rations 50
c) Supplementary Feeding 51
d) Blankets, Bednets and Sleeping Mats 51
e) Cooking Utensils 52
f) Building Materials 52
g) Clothing 52
h) Cooking Fuel 53
i) Educational Supplies 53
j) Procurement Procedures/Tendering 54
k) Transportation 54
l) Emergency Stock 56
m) Refugee Demographics 56
n) Assistance to Thai Communities 56
o) Delivery/Storage 57
p) Distribution 57
q) Quality Control/Returns 57
r) Camp Administration 57
s) Monitoring 58
t) Indicators 60
u) Cost Effectiveness 60
v) Gender 60
w) Environmental Impact 61
x) Programme Sustainability 62
y) Programme Evaluation 62
z) Visibility 63
aa) Staff Training 63
APPENDIX F: BBC PROGRAMME PERFORMANCE INDICATORS 64
APPENDIX G: SUMMARY OF NGO PROGRAMME 1984 TO JUNE 2003 71
APPENDIX H: FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND AUDITOR’S REPORT TO 30 JUNE 2003 76
APPENDIX I: BBC MEETING SCHEDULE 2003 81 |
| Language: | | Burmese/ မြန်မာဘာသာ |
| Source/publisher: | | Thailand Burma Border Consortium (TBBC) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (4.21 MB) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 20 December 2010 |
|
-
TBC/TBBC documents on internal displacement
Individual Documents
| Title: | | Changing Realities, Poverty and Displacement in South East Burma/Myanmar - 2012 Survey (TBC) |
| Date of publication: | | 31 October 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | "A significant decrease in forced displacement has been documented by community‐based
organisations in South East Myanmar after a series of ceasefire agreements were negotiated earlier this
year. While armed conflict continues in Kachin State and communal violence rages in Rakhine State, field
surveys indicate that that there has been a substantial decrease in hostilities affecting Karen, Karenni,
Shan and Mon communities.
In its annual survey of displacement and poverty released today, the Thailand Burma Border Consortium
(TBBC) estimates that 10,000 people were forced from their homes during the past year in comparison to
an average of 75,000 people displaced every year during the previous decade. While there remain at least
400,000 internally displaced persons in rural areas of South East Myanmar, the tentative return of 37,000
civilians to their villages or surrounding areas reflects hope for an end to displacement.
After supporting refugees and internally displaced persons for nearly three decades, TBBC’s Executive
Director Jack Dunford is optimistic about the possibility of forging a sustainable solution but conscious
that there are many obstacles still to come. “The challenge of transforming preliminary ceasefire
agreements into a substantive peace process is immense, but this is the best chance we have ever had to
create the conditions necessary to support voluntary and dignified return in safety”, said Mr Dunford.
Poverty assessments conducted by TBBC’s community‐based partners with over 4,000 households across
21 townships provide a sobering reminder about the impact of protracted conflict on civilian livelihoods.
The findings suggest that 59% of households in rural communities of South East Myanmar are
impoverished, with the indicators particularly severe in northern Karen areas where there have been
allegations of widespread and systematic human rights abuse.
The Special Rapporteur for Human Rights in Myanmar reported to the United Nations General Assembly
last month that truth, justice and accountability are integral to the process of securing peace and national
reconciliation. Mr Dunford commented that “after all the violence and abuse, inclusive planning processes
can help to rebuild trust by ensuring that the voices of those most affected are heard and that civil society
representatives are involved at all stages”." (TBC Press Release, 31 October 2012).....
9 documents: English full report (Zip-PDF: 22.5Mb); Burmese brochure (PDF: 8.25Mb); English brochure (PDF: 0.9Mb); English Exec Summ. (PDF: 270Kb); English-Chapter 1 (PDF: 800Kb); English-Chapter 2 (PDF: 7.9Mb); English-Chapter 3 (PDF: 9.7Mb); English-Chapter 4 (PDF: 5.6Mb); English-Appendices (PDF: 5.9Mb)..... |
| Language: | | English, Burmese |
| Source/publisher: | | The Border Consortium - TBC (formerly Thailand Burma Border Consortium - TBBC ) |
| Format/size: | | html, pdf |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.tbbc.org/idps/report-2012-idp-en-press-release.pdf (press release)
http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs14/report-2012-idp-full-en-op-red.pdf (slightly reduced version of the full report) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 02 November 2012 |
|
| Title: | | Protracted Displacement and Chronic Poverty in Eastern Burma/Myanmar - 2010 Survey -TBBC (English, Burmese, Thai) |
| Date of publication: | | October 2010 |
| Description/subject: | | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...
1. INTRODUCTION:
1.1 Humanitarian Flux in Burma / Myanmar*;
1.2 Methodology...
2. MILITARISATION AND DISPLACEMENT:
2.1 Militarisation and Vulnerability;
2.2 Scale and Distribution of Displacement...
3. CHRONIC POVERTY:
3.1 Demographic Pressures:
3.2 Housing, Water and Sanitation Conditions;
3.3 Education and Malnutrition Status of Children;
3.4 Agricultural Assets;
3.5 Household Income and Expenditures;
3.6 Food Security;
3.7 Livelihood Shocks, Debt and Coping Strategies...
4. EASTERN BURMA / MYANMAR SITUATION UPDATE:
4.1 Southern Shan State;
4.2 Karenni / Kayah State;
4.3 Northern Karen / Kayin Areas;
4.4 Central Karen / Kayin State;
4.5 Mon Areas;
4.6 Tenasserim / Tanintharyi Division...
APPENDICES:
1. Internally Displaced Population Estimates (2010)...
2. Destroyed, Relocated or Abandoned Villages (2009-2010)...
3. Relocation Sites (2010)...
4. SPDC Military Command in Eastern Burma / Myanmar (2010)...
5. 2010 Survey Guidelines...
6. Acronyms and Place Names. |
| Source/publisher: | | Thailand Burma Border Consortium (TBBC) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (8MB - English; 10MB - Burmese; 9MB - Thai) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://tbbc.org/resources/resources.htm#idps
http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs11/TBBC-IDPreport-2010(bu).pdf
http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs11/TBBC-IDPreport-2010(th).pdf
http://tbbc.org/idps/report-2010-idp-en.zip
http://tbbc.org/idps/report-2010-idp-bu.rar
http://tbbc.org/idps/report-2010-idp-th.rar |
| Date of entry/update: | | 09 September 2011 |
|
| Title: | | Protracted Displacement and Militarization in Eastern Burma- 2009 Survey -TBBC (English, Burmese, Thai) |
| Date of publication: | | November 2009 |
| Description/subject: | | "The main threats to human security in eastern Burma are related to militarisation. Military patrols and
landmines are the most significant and fastest growing threat to civilian safety and security, while forced
labour and restrictions on movement are the most pervasive threats to livelihoods. Trend analysis suggests
that the threats to both security and livelihoods have increased during the past five years.
Over 3,500 villages and hiding sites in eastern Burma have been destroyed or forcibly relocated since 1996,
including 120 communities between August 2008 and July 2009. The scale of displaced villages is
comparable to the situation in Darfur and has been recognised as the strongest single indicator of crimes
against humanity in eastern Burma. At least 75,000 people were forced to leave their homes during this past
year, and more than half a million people remain internally displaced.
The highest rates of recent displacement were reported in northern Karen areas and southern Shan State.
Almost 60,000 Karen villagers are hiding in the mountains of Kyaukgyi, Thandaung and Papun Townships,
and a third of these civilians fled from artillery attacks or the threat of Burmese Army patrols during the past
year. Similarly, nearly 20,000 civilians from 30 Shan villages were forcibly relocated by the Burmese Army in
retaliation for Shan State Army-South (SSA-S) operations in Laikha, Mong Kung and Keh Si Townships.
Thailand’s National Security Council recently acknowledged it was preparing for another mass influx of
refugees due to conflict in Burma’s border areas leading up to the proposed elections in 2010. Conflict has
already intensified in Karen State with over 4,000 Karen refugees fleeing into Thailand during June. The
increased instability is related to demands that ethnic ceasefire groups transform into Border Guard Forces
under Burmese Army command. Such pressure has already resulted in the resumption of hostilities in the
Kokang region which caused 37,000 civilians to flee into China..." |
| Language: | | English, Burmese, Thai |
| Source/publisher: | | Thailand Burma Border Consortium (TBBC) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (5.6MB - English; 7.3MB - Burmese; 5.6MB - Thai)) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs09/TBBCidp_report-2009(bu).pdf
http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs09/TBBCidp_report-2009(th).pdf
http://www.tbbc.org/idps/report-2009-idp-english.zip |
| Date of entry/update: | | 02 November 2009 |
|
| Title: | | Internal Displacement and International Law in Eastern Burma |
| Date of publication: | | October 2008 |
| Description/subject: | | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:
"Twenty years after the Burmese junta gunned down pro-democracy protesters, violations of human rights and humanitarian law in eastern Burma are more widespread and systematic than ever. Ten years after the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement were submitted, the international response in eastern Burma remains largely ineffective in dealing with a predatory governing regime.
The Thailand Burma Border Consortium (TBBC) has been collaborating with ethnic community-based organisations to document the characteristics of internal displacement in eastern Burma since 2002. During this period there has been increasing debate about whether violations of human rights and humanitarian law in eastern Burma constitute an international crime. So aside from updating information about the scale and distribution of internal displacement, this year's survey compiles abuses reported during 2008 in relation to the legal framework for crimes against humanity.Conflict-induced displacement remains most concentrated in the northern Karen areas, where armed skirmishes between the Burmese Army and the Karen National Union continued in the first six months of 2008. While the wet season was previously a time of respite from Burmese Army patrols, intensified troop deployments during the past couple of years mean that the occupation is now sustained all year. This has led to the displacement of 27,000 villagers in the four affected townships during the past year. The prevalence of military attacks targeting civilians has slightly decreased since the junta's offensive in 2006. However, the harassment of villagers perceived as sympathetic to the armed opposition is unrelenting.
The four townships surrounding Laikha in southern Shan State are also of particular concern. Armed skirmishes and Burmese Army deployments have escalated in this area since a former battalion commander with the Shan State Army - South surrendered in 2006. The Burmese Army is attempting to assert its supremacy in the area by breaking communication links between the armed opposition to the south and ceasefire groups to the north. Over 13,000 civilians are estimated to have been displaced from their homes in this area during the past twelve months.
TBBC has previously reported that more than 3,200 settlements were destroyed, forcibly relocated or otherwise abandoned in eastern Burma between 1996 and 2007. Such field reports have been corroborated by high resolution commercial satellite imagery of villages before and after the displacement occurred. During the past year, community organisations have documented the forced displacement of a further 142 villages and hiding sites.
However, displacement is more commonly caused by coercive factors at the household level. The imposition of forced labour, extortion, land confiscation, agricultural production quotas, and restrictions on access to fields and markets has a devastating effect on household incomes and a destabilising impact on populations. During the past year, the prevalence of these factors has been exacerbated by hydro-electric projects in Shan and Karen States, mining projects in Shan and Karenni States and Pegu Division, the gas pipeline in Mon State as well as commercial agriculture and road construction in general.While the total number of internally displaced persons in eastern Burma is likely to be well over half a million people, at least 451,000 people have been estimated in the rural areas alone. The population includes approximately 224,000 people currently in the temporary settlements of ceasefire areas administered by ethnic nationalities. However, the most vulnerable group is an estimated 101,000 civilians who are hiding in areas most affected by military skirmishes, followed by approximately 126,000 villagers who have been forcibly evicted by the Burmese Army into designated relocation sites.
An estimated 66,000 people were forced to leave their homes as a result of, or in order to avoid, the effects of armed conflict and human rights abuses during the past year alone. Despite concessions made in the Irrawaddy Delta after Cyclone Nargis, the junta's restrictions on humanitarian access continue to obstruct aid workers elsewhere in Burma, particularly in conflict-affected areas. The large scale of displacement and the obstruction of relief efforts are indicative of ongoing violations of human rights and humanitarian law in eastern Burma.
International law recognises crimes against humanity as acts committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack against any civilian population. Attacks on civilians refer not only to military assaults but also to the multiple commission of acts such as murder, enslavement, forcible transfer of population, torture and rape when related to a State policy. This definition reflects customary international law binding on all states, including Burma. The evidence cited in this report appears to strengthen Amnesty International's recent assessment that the violations in eastern Burma meet the legal threshold to constitute crimes against humanity.
Skeptics argue that raising allegations about crimes against humanity will merely frustrate the promotion of political dialogue. However, just as the provision of humanitarian assistance should not be dependent upon political reform, humanitarian protection and the administration of justice should not be sacrificed to expedite political dialogue. The reality is that the authorities have consistently refused to enter into a serious discussion of these abuses with a view to putting a stop to them. The threat of prosecution may actually increase the leverage of the diplomatic community and provide an incentive for the governing regime to end the climate of impunity.
Given the impunity with which violations have been committed, and the Burmese junta's failure to implement recommendations formulated by relevant United Nations' bodies, the responsibility to protect shifts to the international community. The challenge remaining for the international community is to operationalise this responsibility in Burma and hold the junta to account." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Thailand Burma Border Consortium |
| Format/size: | | pdf (10.33MB) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 25 October 2008 |
|
| Title: | | Internal Displacement in Eastern Burma, 2007 Survey |
| Date of publication: | | 19 October 2007 |
| Description/subject: | | The Thailand Burma Border Consortium (TBBC) has been collaborating with ethnic community-based organisations to document the characteristics of internal displacement in eastern Burma since 2002. This year's research updates estimates of the scale and distribution of internal displacement, and documents the impacts of militarization and state-sponsored development, based on quantitative surveys with key informants in 38 townships. Trends relating to vulnerability, coping strategies and efforts at promoting protection were assessed by utilizing a multi-stage cluster sampling method to select and interview almost 1,000 households spread across six states and divisions.
This year's survey has identified 273 infantry and light infantry battalions active in eastern Burma, representing more than 30% of the Burmese Army's battalions nationwide. These troops are generally controlled by the State Peace and Development Council's (SPDC's) Coastal Command based in Mergui, South Eastern Command in Moulmein, Southern Command in Taungoo, Eastern Command in Taunggyi and Triangle Area Command in Keng Tung. Documentation in this report reflects that human rights violations committed by the Burmese Army as part of their counter-insurgency strategy are tantamount to crimes against humanity and remain a key cause of displacement. However, even the SPDC's military hierarchy has admitted that poor troop management, inadequate rations and harsh conditions resulted in low morale and an 8% increase in desertion during the past year.
Rather than alleviating poverty, state-sponsored development initiatives primarily facilitate the consolidation of military control over rural communities and induce displacement. Local livelihoods in areas surrounding proposed hydro-electric dams along the Salween River have been further undermined during the past year, with additional troop deployments to the Hutgyi dam site in Karen State during September particularly notable. Similarly, the livelihoods of Mon villagers continue to be undermined by the imposition of forced labour to secure the gas pipeline transporting electricity to Thailand. The government's promotion of castor oil plantations has become more systematic, with reports of land confiscation, extortion and forced cultivation especially significant in Southern Shan State. Palm oil and rubber plantations operated as joint ventures between local Burmese Army commanders and foreign investors have caused similar problems in Tenasserim Division, Meanwhile over 3,000 acres of farm land was confiscated in northern Karenni State to pave the way for an industrial estate.
Approximately 76,000 people were forced to leave their homes as a result of, or in order to avoid, the effects of armed conflict and human rights abuses during the past year. The number of people displaced was slightly lower than last year, which was primarily related to a relaxation of restrictions in Tenasserim Division. Forced migration was most concentrated in northern Karen State and eastern Pegu Division where counter-insurgency operations displaced approximately 43,000 civilians. While the total number of deaths in these four townships is unknown, at least 38 villagers have been killed by the Burmese Army during 2007 in Thandaung township alone.
TBBC has previously reported that more than 3,000 villages were destroyed, forcibly relocated or otherwise abandoned in eastern Burma between 1996 and 2006. These field reports have recently been corroborated by high resolution commercial satellite imagery taken before and after the villages were displaced. Visual evidence includes the removal of structures from villages that were forcibly relocated, and burn scars where destroyed villages used to be. During the past year, at least 167 more entire villages have been displaced.
Internal displacement in eastern Burma, however, is more commonly associated with the coerced movements of smaller groups rather than entire villages. This relates to impoverishment and forced migration caused by the confiscation of land, asset stripping, forced procurement policies, agricultural production quotas, forced labour, arbitrary taxation, extortion and restrictions on access to fields and markets. The compulsory and unavoidable nature of these factors is distinct from the voluntary profit-oriented, "pull-factors" more commonly associated with economic migration.
The total number of internally displaced persons who have been forced or obliged to leave their homes and have not been able to return or resettle and reintegrate into society is estimated to be at least half a million people. This displaced population includes 295,000 people currently in the temporary settlements of ceasefire areas administered by ethnic nationalities. A further 99,000 civilians are estimated to be hiding from the SPDC in areas most affected by military skirmishes, while approximately 109,000 villagers have followed SPDC eviction orders and moved into designated relocation sites.
While the overall figures are comparable to last year, lower estimates for relocation sites primarily reflect villagers' attempts at returning to former villages or resettling nearby in Tenasserim Division and Shan State. However, it is not known how sustainable these movements will be, while SPDC campaigns to forcibly relocate and consolidate villages have intensified in northern Karen State, eastern Pegu Division and northern Mon state. Higher estimates for the internally displaced in ethnic ceasefire areas are largely attributed to the expansion of authority exercised by the Democratic Karen Buddhist Army (DKBA) and the newly formed KNU/KNLA Peace Council and subsequent instability in central Karen State. A slight population increase reported from hiding sites reflects the protracted emergency for the most vulnerable communities in eastern Burma
A feature of this report is the inclusion of trend assessments which have been derived from comparisons to findings from previous household surveys conducted by TBBC and partner agencies over the past few years. In terms of vulnerability, the prevalence of threats to personal safety and security has increased, and in particular the incidence of arbitrary arrest or detention and forced conscription to porter military supplies. Indicators suggest that restrictions on movement to fields and markets have almost doubled to become the most pervasive threat to livelihoods, ahead of forced labour and arbitrary taxation. Violence against women, and in particular the threat of domestic violence and physical assault, was perceived as most prevalent in relocation sites and mixed administration areas where Burmese Army troops are in close proximity..." |
| Language: | | English, Burmese, Thai |
| Source/publisher: | | Thailand Burma Border Consortium (TBBC) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (8.1MB) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.tbbc.org/idps/report-2007-idp-burmese.pdf
http://www.tbbc.org/idps/report-2007-idp-thai.pdf
http://www.tbbc.org/resources/resources.htm |
| Date of entry/update: | | 06 December 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Internal Displacement in Eastern Burma, 2006 Survey |
| Date of publication: | | November 2006 |
| Description/subject: | | “Both tragedy and hope are reflected in this fifth annual survey of internal displacement in eastern Burma. The tragedy is that such systematic and widespread violations of human rights and humanitarian law continue to occur with national impunity and a largely ineffective international response. Yet it is the ongoing commitment and courage of ethnic community-based organisations to support grassroots coping strategies and document the impacts of conflict, violence and abuse which inspires hope for the future of Burma. The Thailand Burma Border Consortium (TBBC) has been collaborating with ethnic community-based organisations to document the scale, distribution and characteristics of internal displacement since 2002. Collectively, these surveys have aimed to raise awareness about vulnerability in eastern Burma and inform the development of humanitarian protection strategies. Recognising that conditions for the internally displaced are always changing, this year's survey attempted to update population estimates and assess trends across different areas in more detail with higher resolution maps. TBBC and the participating community-based organisations designed the surveys collaboratively by drawing from the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement. Although there were some changes for the sake of clarity, the questionnaire was similar to those used in previous years to facilitate trend analysis. Quantitative field surveys of the scale and distribution of internal displacement and the impacts of militarization and development have been based on interviews with key informants in 38 townships between June and August 2006. This has been complemented with qualitative field assessments about the causes and impacts of displacement which have been documented by community based organisations on an ongoing basis throughout the year. TBBC has previously reported that the Burmese Army has approximately doubled the deployment of battalions across eastern Burma since 1995. This survey has identified 204 infantry and light infantry battalions currently in eastern Burma, which represents approximately 40% of the government's frontline troops nation-wide. Such militarisation has facilitated the State Peace and Development Council's (SPDC's) counter-insurgency strategy which targets civilians in contravention of international humanitarian law. Accounts of such crimes against humanity have been documented by community based organisations in this report as contributing to conflict-induced displacement. State-sponsored development projects have done little to alleviate poverty in Burma, but have been significant causes of human rights abuses and displacement during the past year. The energy sector is Burma's largest recipient of foreign direct investment, but this report associates the gas pipeline in Mon State with forced labour, travel restrictions, and harassment. Similarly, proposed hydro-electric dams along the Salween River are linked with incidents of forced relocations, forced labour and the logging of community forests. Meanwhile commercial agriculture, and in particular the national development initiative to cultivate castor oil plants to produce bio-diesel, is reported to have induced widespread land confiscation, the imposition of procurement quotas and forced labour for the cultivation of seedlings. During the past year alone, this survey estimates that 82,000 people were forced to leave their homes as a result of, or in order to avoid, the effects of armed conflict and human rights abuses. These estimates are consistent with the annual average rate of displacement in eastern Burma since 2002, and reflect the SPDC's disregard for their responsibility to protect Burmese citizens from harm. While the distribution of forced migration during the past year was widespread, the most significant concentration was in northern Karen State and eastern Pegu Division. Counter-insurgency operations are reported to have killed at least 39 civilians and displaced over 27,000 others in this area during the past year. While the majority of people displaced during the past year fled in small groups, 232 entire villages were destroyed, forcibly relocated or otherwise abandoned. When combined with the findings of previous field surveys, 3,077 separate incidents of village destruction, relocation or abandonment have been documented in eastern Burma since 1996. Over a million people are understood to have been displaced from their homes in eastern Burma during this time. This reflects the cumulative impact of the Burmese Army's expanded presence and forced relocation campaign targeting civilians in contested areas. Some of these villages may have since been re-established, and indeed this survey has identified 155 villages that were at least partly repopulated during the past year. However, the sustainability of return and resettlement is restricted not only by livelihood constraints but also by the lack of official authorisation. Indeed, attempts to re-establish over 100 villages in previous years have already been thwarted by harassment leading to further rounds of displacement. The total number of internally displaced persons who have been forced or obliged to leave their homes and have not been able to return or resettle and reintegrate into society as of November 2006 is estimated to be at least 500,000 people. This population is comprised of approximately 287,000 people currently in the temporary settlements of ceasefire areas administered by ethnic nationalities, while 95,000 civilians are estimated to be hiding from the SPDC in areas most affected by military skirmishes and approximately 118,000 villagers have followed SPDC eviction orders and moved into designated relocation sites. These are conservative estimates for eastern Burma as it has not been possible to survey urban areas nor mixed administration areas. Overall this represents a decrease of approximately 40,000 internally displaced persons since October 2005. This is due to a decrease of 53,000 people in the estimates for ceasefire areas. Population movements have been recorded out of areas administered by the United Wa State Army (UWSA) due to lack of livelihood opportunities. Estimates in other ceasefire areas of Shan and Karenni states have also decreased, reflecting how the areas administered by non state actors have effectively been reduced by the expansion of SPDC control. While many of these villagers may remain internally displaced, it has not been possible to track their current status. Conversely, the number of people in relocation sites has increased by approximately 10,000 people. This is partly a result of broader survey reach in Tenasserim Division and partly due to new incidents of forced relocation in Shan State. However, a significant decrease has been recorded in Mon state, where restrictions on resettlement away from relocation sites have eased. Rather than reflecting increased freedom, this illustrates that as villagers in surrounding areas become resigned to complying with Burmese Army orders, the government's perceived need for relocation sites becomes redundant. While the overall estimates for people in hiding sites increased only slightly, there has been a significant increase in northern Karen State and eastern Pegu Division where approximately 55,000 villagers are currently hiding from government forces. This represents an increase of approximately 14,000 people since last year, and suggests that half of those displaced in the past year were previously living with the tacit approval of local SPDC authorities in mixed administration areas. These local arrangements offered little protection when the Southern and South Eastern Military Commands coordinated patrols by over 40 battalions to search for civilian settlements and destroy their means of survival..." |
| Language: | | English, Burmese, Thai |
| Source/publisher: | | Thailand Burma Border Consortium (TBBC) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (1.7MB- ocr version; 2.864MB -- original and authoritative) 6.8, (Burmese) 7.9MB (Thai) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.tbbc.org/idps/report-2006-idp-english.pdf
http://www.tbbc.org/idps/report-2006-idp-burmese.pdf
http://www.tbbc.org/idps/report-2006-idp-thai.pdf |
| Date of entry/update: | | 06 December 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Internal Displacement and Protection in Eastern Burma |
| Date of publication: | | October 2005 |
| Description/subject: | | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:
"The Thailand Burma Border Consortium (TBBC) first collaborated with communitybased
organizations to document the scale and distribution of internal displacement
in Eastern Burma during 2002. Two years later, another survey was coordinated to
enhance understanding about the vulnerability of internally displaced persons. These
assessments sought to increase awareness about the situation in conflict-affected
areas which remain largely inaccessible to the international community.
More communities have been displaced during the past year while others have
attempted to return to former villages, resettle elsewhere in Burma or continue their
journey of forced migration into Thailand. As the environment is constantly evolving,
situation assessments also need to be regularly revised. Part of the purpose of this
report is thus to update estimates of the scale and distribution of internally displaced
persons in eastern Burma.
Threats against conflict-affected populations in eastern Burma have been well
documented by a range of independent institutions. However, there is little information
on humanitarian efforts to stop existing patterns of abuse, mitigate the worst
consequences, prevent emerging threats and promote judicial redress. A second key
objective is therefore to inform the development of humanitarian protection strategies
for internally displaced persons and other civilians whose lives and livelihoods are
threatened by war, abuse and violence.
This year's surveys were designed in partnership with ethnic community based
organizations with reference to the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement and
conducted between April and June 2005. Estimates for the scale and distribution of
internal displacement have been compiled from interviews with key informants in
37 townships across the six states and divisions of eastern Burma. Analysis of
issues relevant to humanitarian protection has been based around responses to 1,044
questionnaires with conflict-affected households spread evenly between hiding sites,
government controlled relocation sites, ethnic administered ceasefire areas and
mixed administration areas. These responses have been complemented by semistructured
interviews with internally displaced persons, the four main non state actors
in eastern Burma and ten humanitarian agencies based in Rangoon.
During the past year it is estimated that a further 87,000 people were forced or obliged
to leave their homes by the effects of war or human rights abuses. Border-wide, a
further 68 villages were destroyed, relocated or otherwise abandoned during this
period, including a number which had only recently been established by displaced
persons. In the majority of cases, forced displacement was found to be caused by
violence or abuse perpetrated by the armed forces of the ruling State Peace
and Development Council (SPDC). This survey has also identified 88 previously
abandoned villages which have been partially re-established during the past year. In
this time, it is estimated that 40,000 people who had previously been displaced have
returned to their homes or resettled elsewhere in eastern Burma.
The total number of internally displaced persons in eastern Burma who have been
forced or obliged to leave their homes over the past decade and have not been able
to return or resettle and reintegrate into society is estimated to be at least 540,000
people. The population is comprised of 340,000 people currently in the temporary
settlements of ceasefire areas administered by ethnic nationalities, while 92,000
civilians are estimated to be hiding from the Burma Army in areas most affected by armed conflict and approximately 108,000 villagers have followed eviction orders
from the SPDC and moved into designated relocation sites.
Overall this represents a slight increase of approximately 14,000 internally displaced
persons since late 2004. This is attributed primarily to flight in Shan State away
from SPDC patrols and into hiding, a significant inflow into Mon ceasefire areas,
and methodological differences estimating populations in Tenasserim Division's
relocation sites. These combined increases have outweighed reductions in the
estimates for internally displaced populations hiding in Karen State as well as for
ceasefire areas in Shan and Karen State. However, these population estimates are
considered conservative as it has not been possible to include displaced persons in
urban areas and rural mixed administration areas who may not have reintegrated into
society but rather remain in a state of internal displacement.
Patterns of insecurity, the coping strategies of survivors of abuse and violence, and
attempts at engaging the humanitarian responsibility of relevant authorities
were assessed to inform the development of protection strategies. The survey
conclusively found that not only are soldiers from the Burma Army the primary
perpetrators of abuse, but also that the Government of Burma is generally unable or
unwilling to strengthen local coping strategies and protect civilians from harm.
Legal insecurity is highlighted by findings that less than a quarter of the conflictaffected
population own legal title deeds for land tenure while just 12% of civilians
hiding from Burma Army patrols possess an identity card. The former reflects
the threat of land confiscation while the latter increases vulnerability to extortion at
checkpoints, harassment in contested areas, restricted access to markets and fields
as well as another obstacle for the internally displaced against returning to former
homes or resettlement elsewhere in Burma.
Despite the range and severity of deliberate physical violence in conflict-affected
areas, the prevalence of threats to civilian livelihoods is on a much greater scale. A
third of households surveyed have been directly affected by arbitrary taxes and
forced labour in the past year. During this period, the deliberate impoverishment
and deprivation of civilians as a counter-insurgency strategy is reflected in 17% of
households having had food supplies destroyed or confiscated. Similarly, a quarter
of households in hiding and relocation sites reported having had housing destroyed
or having been forcibly evicted during the past year.
Although unable to stop or prevent violence and abuse, internally displaced and
conflict-affected villagers have developed a range of coping strategies to resist threats
and mitigate the worst consequences. Other civilians are the main source of early
warning signals about approaching troops, which stresses the importance of building
social capital, or networks of trust, within and between local communities for the
development of a more protective environment.
Hiding food supplies and preparing alternative hiding sites in case counterinsurgency
patrols induce an emergency evacuation were the main approaches to
coping with threats amongst households in hiding sites. Conversely, the main method
of minimizing risks in relocation sites and mixed administration areas is reportedly to
pay fines and follow orders. These findings suggest that abuses against civilians by
government forces are motivated not only by retaliation against armed opposition
patrols, but also by economic imperatives or greed. Six percent of households reported that they had at some point resorted to procuring
a hand gun to minimize threats to safety and livelihoods. Given the threat of being
suspected as either a rebel sympathizer by the SPDC or a government collaborator
by the armed opposition, this gauge of the prevalence of assault weapons is
considered high. Due to the breakdown in law and order and the ease of
procurement, transport, concealment and use, the prevalence of small arms is in
itself a significant threat of violent insecurity.
Humanitarian responsibilities relate to ensuring that parties to a conflict respect
human dignity and prevent harm from being inflicted on civilians. While it was
beyond the possibility of this survey to engage Burmese national authorities, the views
of non state actors were solicited. Humanitarian agencies based in Rangoon were
also consulted about their experiences in dealing with the government.
Non state actors acknowledged that the use of landmines was their main transgression
in terms of threatening the safety and livelihoods of civilians. 86% of villagers surveyed
were not aware of any signs on location warning about minefields, indicating that
there is no systematic demarcation of minefields in eastern Burma. However the
armed opposition authorities, and indeed a quarter of civilian households hiding
in the most conflict-affected areas, perceived landmines as a necessary means of
self-defense against the military might of the Burma Army.
It was also admitted by non state actors that their protective capacities are limited.
Authorities from ceasefire parties negotiated a cessation of hostilities ten years ago
to reduce the deprivations suffered by the civilian population, but have still not been
able to address ongoing human rights abuses. In areas of ongoing armed conflict,
the non state actors responded that short term protection objectives are limited to
deterring and delaying SPDC patrols, using radio communication to provide warnings
to villagers of approaching troop movements, and securing access for local
humanitarian agencies to provide relief aid.
Humanitarian agencies based in Rangoon have managed to expand not only their
access into eastern Burma but also the engagement of government authorities
in policy-level dialogue during the past decade. However, United Nations (UN)
agencies reported that since the purge of the former Prime Minister and his allies
in October 2004, humanitarian agencies in Burma have either been disregarded or
viewed with suspicion by the government. Unless the government is willing to
engage in policy-level dialogue about protection concerns, it is recognised that the
humanitarian space will contract further.
At the same time humanitarian agencies increasingly feel squeezed by restrictions
from donors who are worried that foreign aid may be prolonging the rule of an
illegitimate government. A perceived concern is that humanitarian sanctions will
further restrict contact with policy makers, and exacerbate the reluctance of the
Burmese government to negotiate about protection concerns. The challenge for
humanitarian responses is to promote protection oriented programming which
includes assessment of the programme's impact on the conflict.
These surveys sought to update estimates of internal displacement and inform the
development of protection strategies for conflict-affected areas in eastern Burma.
Recommendations are not presented, but it is hoped that this report will enlighten
collaborative strategies to stop existing patterns of abuse and prevent emerging threats
from harming internally displaced and other conflict-affected communities." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Thailand Burma Border Consortium |
| Format/size: | | pdf (3.9MB, 4.1MB) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs3/TBBC-2005-ocr.pdf
http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs3/TBBC-Internal_Displacement_and_Protection_in_Eastern_Burma-2005.pdf |
| Date of entry/update: | | 06 December 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Internal Displacement and Vulnerability in Eastern Burma |
| Date of publication: | | October 2004 |
| Description/subject: | | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:
"In September 2002 the Thailand Burma Border Consortium (TBBC), formerly the
Burmese Border Consortium, compiled a report “Internally Displaced People and
Relocation Sites in Eastern Burma”. The report was written because although the
Royal Thai Government was reluctant to accept more refugees and believed repatriation
should occur as soon as conditions were judged suitable, new refugees were still
arriving in Thailand. Since most of the new arrivals reported that they had formerly
been living as internally displaced persons, TBBC considered that it was important to
understand what was happening in the border areas before any planning for repatriation
could begin.
Since that time, the nature and scale of internal displacement in eastern Burma has
been generally acknowledged, and humanitarian agencies based in Burma have been
increasingly requesting and gaining access to some border areas. In particular, the
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) Myanmar has negotiated
roving access to a number of townships of potential refugee return’. UNHCR Thailand
has also been engaging the Royal Thai Government, donors and non governmental
organisations (NGOs) in a conceptual planning exercise for the eventual repatriation
of the refugees.
Much of Eastern Burma is, however, still inaccessible to international observers from
inside the country and the initial steps being taken towards planning for repatriation
make it even more important to understand what is happening in these areas. This
report draws together the results of new surveys carried out by local community
organisations who collectively have broad access to the border areas.
Community organizations conducted field surveys across eastern Burma between April
and July 2004.1 Population estimates have been gathered from key informants in 36
significant townships and cross-checked with estimates from other local humanitarian
and human rights agencies wherever possible. Vulnerability indicators were also
developed from a multi-stage cluster survey of 6,070 people and 1,071 households
in 60 areas spread over six states and divisions. The sample population for this
quantitative survey was distributed between internally displaced persons in free-fire
areas, government relocation sites, ethnic ceasefire areas and mixed administration
areas.
Estimates recorded during this survey in 2004 indicate at least another 157,000
civilians have been displaced by war or human rights abuses since the end of 2002.
This includes people from at least 240 villages which have been documented
as completely destroyed, relocated or abandoned during the past two years. The
current status of villages forcibly relocated prior to 2002 has not been comprehensively
assessed, but attempts to return and re-establish more than 100 such villages
in Tenasserim Division have been documented as thwarted by further displacement.
Civilian displacement has continued at a high rate even though there has been a significant decrease in the number of villages forcibly relocated since the mid-late
1990s. This trend is indicative of the extent to which government troops had been
deployed and villages forcibly evicted prior to 2002. Since then, the military government
has been consolidating, rather than expanding, areas of control. High rates of civilian
displacement in areas where forced village relocations have decreased are attributed
to the harassment of people who had already deserted SPDC relocation sites to
attempt returning to their village or resettlement nearby. The total number of internally displaced persons (IDPs) who have been forced
or obliged to leave their homes and have not been able to return or resettle and
reintegrate into society as of late 2004 is estimated to be at least 526,000 people.
The population consists of 365,000 people in the temporary settlements of ceasefire
areas administered by ethnic nationalities, while 84,000 civilians are estimated to be
hiding from the military-government in free-fire areas and approximately 77,000
villagers still remain in designated relocation sites after having been forcibly evicted
from their homes. This represents a decrease since 2002 when 633,000 people were
estimated to be internally displaced in hiding sites, temporary shelters and relocation
sites. This decrease can be attributed to a mix of sustainable return or resettlement,
forced migration into the fringes of urban and rural communities, flight into refugee
and migrant populations in Thailand and methodological differences in data
collection. Speculation remains as to how many people on the fringes of rural and
urban communities have been obliged to leave their homes and are unable to resettle
and reintegrate, but whose status as internally displaced persons can not be verified. Indicators of vulnerability for the internally displaced population reflect a critical
situation. The survey found that more than half of internally displaced households
have been forced to work without compensation and have been extorted of cash or
property during the past year. While these and other human rights abuses were
widespread and a lack of protection was common in all areas, people in relocation
sites have reportedly been affected the most.
Livelihoods in free-fire areas are demonstrated as largely dependent on subsistenceoriented
slash and burn agriculture, yet still they are undermined by government
patrols searching for and destroying crops. Conversely, less households were
documented in relocation sites than elsewhere as being involved in any type of rice
farming, indicating a lack of access to land and greater restrictions on movement.
Yet the survey also found the highest rates of hunting and gathering were in densely
populated ceasefire areas, which is indicative of the livelihood constraints of
resettlement into these areas.
This report presents indicators which suggest there is a public health emergency
amongst internally displaced persons in eastern Burma. A third of households
surveyed had not been able to access any health services during the past year,
contributing to high mortality rates from infectious diseases which can be prevented
and treated, such as malaria. Child mortality and malnutrition rates are double Burma’s
national baseline rate and comparable to those recorded amongst internally displaced
populations in the Horn of Africa.
The population structure shows significantly more children dependent on a smaller
proportion of working age adults compared to official data sources for Burma. This
working age adult population consists of a high proportion of women representing
greater rates of mortality, economic migration, flight from abuse and military
conscription amongst young adult men. Low levels of access to durable shelter are
recorded and associated not only with limited protection from the climate but also
adverse impacts on health and human dignity. Similarly, low levels of educational
attainment are likely to restrict the capacity of internally displaced persons to cope
and recover from all of these aspects of vulnerability.
The surveys demonstrate that the problem of forced migration in Eastern Burma
remains large and complex and that internally displaced populations are extremely
vulnerable. As in 2002, TBBC presents this compilation of data without making
any recommendations. The intention is that policy makers and humanitarian
organisations might be better informed in terms of preparing for refugee repatriation
and addressing the situation of internal displacement itself." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Thailand Burma Border Consortium (TBBC) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (3.87MB, 4MB - Full, 1.7MB-Chs 1-3; 2.1MB - Chs 4-5) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs/TBBC-IDPs2004-1-3 (Chapters 1-3)
http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs/TBBC-IDPs2004-4-5 (Chapters 4-5)
http://www.tbbc.org/resources/resources.htm
http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs/TBBC-IDPs2004-full |
| Date of entry/update: | | 06 December 2010 |
|
| Title: | | RECLAIMING THE RIGHT TO RICE: FOOD SECURITY AND INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT IN EASTERN BURMA |
| Date of publication: | | October 2003 |
| Description/subject: | | TABLE OF CONTENTS:-
1. Food Security from a Rights-based Perspective;
2. Local Observations from the States and Divisions
of Eastern Burma:-
2.1 Tenasserim Division
(Committee for Internally Displaced Karen Persons);
2.2 Mon State (Mon Relief and Development Committee);
2.3 Karen State (Karen Human Rights Group)
2.4 Eastern Pegu Division (Karen Office of Relief and Development);
2.5 Karenni State (Karenni Social Welfare Committee);
2.6 Shan State (Shan Human Rights Foundation)...
3. Local Observations of Issues Related to Food Security:-
3.1 Crop Destruction as a Weapon of War (Committee for Internally Displaced Karen Persons);
3.2 Border Areas Development (Karen Environmental & Social Action Network);
3.3 Agricultural Management(Burma Issues);
3.4 Land Management (Independent Mon News Agency)
3.5 Nutritional Impact of Internal Displacement (Backpack Health Workers Team);
3.6 Gender-based Perspectives (Karen Women’s Organisation)...
4. Field Surveys on Internal Displacement and Food Security...
Appendix 1 : Burma’s International Obligations
and Commitments...
Appendix 2 : Burma’s National Legal Framework...
Appendix 3 : Acronyms, Measurements and Currencies....
"...Linkages between militarisation and food scarcity in Burma were
established by civilian testimonies from ten out of the fourteen states and
divisions to a People’s Tribunal in the late 1990s. Since then the scale of
internal displacement has dramatically increased, with the population in
eastern Burma during 2002 having been estimated at 633,000 people, of
whom approximately 268,000 were in hiding and the rest were interned
in relocation sites. This report attempts to complement these earlier
assessments by appraising the current relationship between food security
and internal displacement in eastern Burma. It is hoped that these
contributions will, amongst other impacts, assist the Asian Human Rights
Commission’s Permanent People’s Tribunal to promote the right to food
and rule of law in Burma...
Personal observations and field surveys by community-based organisations
in eastern Burma suggest that a vicious cycle linking the deprivation of
food security with internal displacement has intensified. Compulsory paddy
procurement, land confiscation, the Border Areas Development program
and spiraling inflation have induced displacement of the rural poor away
from state-controlled areas. In war zones, however, the state continues to
destroy and confiscate food supplies in order to force displaced villagers
back into state-controlled areas. An image emerges of a highly vulnerable
and frequently displaced rural population, who remain extremely resilient
in order to survive based on their local knowledge and social networks.
Findings from the observations and field surveys include the following:..." |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Burmese Border Consortium |
| Format/size: | | pdf (804K) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs/BBC-Reclaiming_the_Right_to_Rice.pdf |
| Date of entry/update: | | 07 November 2003 |
|
| Title: | | Internally Displaced People and Relocation Sites in Eastern Burma |
| Date of publication: | | September 2002 |
| Description/subject: | | "Perhaps one million people living in the States and Divisions of Burma adjacent to the Thailand border have been displaced since 1996. At least 150,000 have fled as refugees or joined the huge “illegal” migrant population in Thailand.[2] Countless others have moved away to other villages and towns in Burma.
This report estimates that at least 632,978 displaced people are still currently either living in hiding (approximately 268,000 people), or in more than 176 forced relocation sites (approximately 365,000 people), in these border areas. It also identifies 2,536 affected villages’, which are known to have been destroyed (usually burnt) and/ or relocated en masse, or otherwise abandoned due to Burmese Army (Tatmadaw) activity...The actual number of relocation sites and residents, and of IDPs in hiding, is probably significantly higher than that estimated here..."
IDPs in Hiding or Temporary Settlements;
Number of Relocation Sites;
IDPs in Relocation Sites;
Affected Villages (destroyed, abandoned, or relocated);
Total IDP Population.
Tenasserim;
Mon State;
Karen State;
Karenni State;
Shan State. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Compiled by Burma Border Consortium |
| Format/size: | | html (main text 217K) 15 pages incl. maps; pdf (6.8MB) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.tbbc.org/resources/2002-09-11-BBC-Relocation_Site_Report.pdf
http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs/BBC_Relocation_Site%20Report_(11-9-02).doc (Original Word version -- no links to maps or photos) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 June 2003 |
|
-
Burmese refugees in Thailand -- reports of the refugee committees
-
Karen Refugee Committee - statements
Individual Documents
| Title: | | KRC ATTITUDE AND PERSPECTIVE TOWARDS REPATRIATION (English and Karen) |
| Date of publication: | | 03 October 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | "After the transition from military government to civilian government in
Burma, most of the people hope that a positive change could take place. If a
genuine and realistic change indeed does take place, then another step in the
repatriation process for the people to resettle to their own land would
definitely follow. However, the arrangements of any refugee's return should
comply according to the standard of international law.
KRC, as the main supervisory body, represents 7 camps,
approximately 150,000 refugees, and administers all the affairs of the camps’
management and programmes. Thus, KRC has the responsibility to take the
lead on developing any plan for repatriation and for co-ordinating with
organizations such as NGOs/INGOs and CBOs in this process. In this way,
regarding the repatriation, KRC will stand for firstly, the choice of the
individual refugee to make their own decision and secondly, the changes in
Burma need to be legitimately recognized and recommended by the
international communities. Therefore, under the management of KRC - EC,
some conditions required as below have been laid down..." |
| Language: | | Englsh and Karen |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee (KRC) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (99K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 October 2012 |
|
-
Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Reports
Disaggregated numbers of people in the camps, details of items received, where distributed, a text from the Chairman and a map... Earlier reports, often scanned from poor originals, may contain errors and thus cannot be considered authoritative. The text of some was so poor they were not digitised, but presented as (unsearchable) image files. Some are incomplete. If anyone could supply better or complete versions, please contact the Librarian.
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Karen Refugee Committee Newsletter & Monthly Reports 2013
Individual Documents
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Newsletter & Monthly Report, January 2013 (English, Karen, Burmese, Thai) |
| Date of publication: | | January 2013 |
| Description/subject: | | Newsletter and Activity report...Monthly Activities Report ...NGO Supporters...Camp Population Report: Registered people in the 7 camps (Mae La; Umphiem; Nu Po; Mae La Oon; Mae Ra Moe; Htam Hin; Don Yang); Unregistered people in the 7 camps; New Arrivals in the 7 camps; Pre-Screening People in the 7 camps; Number of PAB People in the 7 camps; Boarding House Students in the 7 camps; Feeding Figures in the 7 camps; General Population in the 7 camps...Report in English, Karen, Burmese and Thai |
| Language: | | English, Karen, Burmese, Thai |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee (KRC) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (186K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 06 March 2013 |
|
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Karen Refugee Committee Newsletter & Monthly Reports 2012
This year, the report is issued in Burmese as well as English, Karen and Thai
Individual Documents
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Newsletter & Monthly Report, December 2012 (English, Karen, Burmese, Thai) |
| Date of publication: | | December 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | Newsletter and Activity report...Monthly Activities Report ...NGO Supporters...Camp Population Report: Registered people in the 7 camps (Mae La; Umphiem; Nu Po; Mae La Oon; Mae Ra Moe; Htam Hin; Don Yang); Unregistered people in the 7 camps; New Arrivals in the 7 camps; Pre-Screening People in the 7 camps; Number of PAB People in the 7 camps; Boarding House Students in the 7 camps; Feeding Figures in the 7 camps; General Population in the 7 camps...Report in English, Karen, Burmese and Thai |
| Language: | | English, |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee (KRC) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (562K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 28 January 2013 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Newsletter & Monthly Report, November 2012 (English, Karen, Burmese, Thai) |
| Date of publication: | | November 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | Newsletter and Activity report...Monthly Activities Report ...NGO Supporters...Camp Population Report: Registered people in the 7 camps (Mae La; Umphiem; Nu Po; Mae La Oon; Mae Ra Moe; Htam Hin; Don Yang); Unregistered people in the 7 camps; New Arrivals in the 7 camps; Pre-Screening People in the 7 camps; Number of PAB People in the 7 camps; Boarding House Students in the 7 camps; Feeding Figures in the 7 camps; General Population in the 7 camps...Report in English, Karen, Burmese and Thai |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee (KRC) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (695K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 22 February 2013 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Newsletter & Monthly Report, October 2012 (English, Karen, Burmese, Thai) |
| Date of publication: | | October 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | Newsletter and Activity report...Monthly Activities Report ...NGO Supporters...Camp Population Report: Registered people in the 7 camps (Mae La; Umphiem; Nu Po; Mae La Oon; Mae Ra Moe; Htam Hin; Don Yang); Unregistered people in the 7 camps; New Arrivals in the 7 camps; Pre-Screening People in the 7 camps; Number of PAB People in the 7 camps; Boarding House Students in the 7 camps; Feeding Figures in the 7 camps; General Population in the 7 camps...Report in English, Karen, Burmese and Thai |
| Language: | | English, Karen, Burmese, Thai |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee (KRC) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (736K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 30 November 2012 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Newsletter & Monthly Report, September 2012 (English, Karen, Burmese, Thai) |
| Date of publication: | | September 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | Newsletter and Activity report...Monthly Activities Report ...NGO Supporters...Camp Population Report: Registered people in the 7 camps (Mae La; Umphiem; Nu Po; Mae La Oon; Mae Ra Moe; Htam Hin; Don Yang); Unregistered people in the 7 camps; New Arrivals in the 7 camps; Pre-Screening People in the 7 camps; Number of PAB People in the 7 camps; Boarding House Students in the 7 camps; Feeding Figures in the 7 camps; General Population in the 7 camps...Report in English, Karen, Burmese and Thai |
| Language: | | English, Karen, Burmese, Thai |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee (KRC) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (663K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 09 November 2012 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Newsletter & Monthly Report, August 2012 (English, Karen, Thai and Burmese) |
| Date of publication: | | August 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | Newsletter and Activity report...Monthly Activities Report ...NGO Supporters...Camp Population Report: Registered people in the 7 camps (Mae La; Umphiem; Nu Po; Mae La Oon; Mae Ra Moe; Htam Hin; Don Yang); Unregistered people in the 7 camps; New Arrivals in the 7 camps; Pre-Screening People in the 7 camps; Number of PAB People in the 7 camps; Boarding House Students in the 7 camps; Feeding Figures in the 7 camps; General Population in the 7 camps...Report in English, Karen, Burmese and Thai |
| Language: | | English, Burmese, Karen, Thai |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee (KRC) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (794K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 28 September 2012 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Newsletter & Monthly Report, July 2012 (English, Karen, Thai and Burmese) |
| Date of publication: | | July 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | Newsletter and Activity report...Monthly Activities Report ...NGO Supporters...Camp Population Report: Registered people in the 7 camps (Mae La; Umphiem; Nu Po; Mae La Oon; Mae Ra Moe; Htam Hin; Don Yang); Unregistered people in the 7 camps; New Arrivals in the 7 camps; Pre-Screening People in the 7 camps; Number of PAB People in the 7 camps; Boarding House Students in the 7 camps; Feeding Figures in the 7 camps; General Population in the 7 camps...Report in English, Karen, Burmese and Thai |
| Language: | | English, Karen, Burmese, Thai |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee (KRC) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (685K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 28 September 2012 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Newsletter & Monthly Report, June 2012 (English, Karen, Thai and Burmese) |
| Date of publication: | | June 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | Newsletter and Activity report...Monthly Activities Report ...NGO Supporters...Camp Population Report: Registered people in the 7 camps (Mae La; Umphiem; Nu Po; Mae La Oon; Mae Ra Moe; Htam Hin; Don Yang); Unregistered people in the 7 camps; New Arrivals in the 7 camps; Pre-Screening People in the 7 camps; Number of PAB People in the 7 camps; Boarding House Students in the 7 camps; Feeding Figures in the 7 camps; General Population in the 7 camps...Report in English, Karen, Burmese and Thai |
| Language: | | English, Burmese, Karen, Thai |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee (KRC) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (747K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 27 July 2012 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Newsletter & Monthly Report, May 2012 (English, Karen, Thai and Burmese) |
| Date of publication: | | May 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | Newsletter and Activity report...Monthly Activities Report ...NGO Supporters...Camp Population Report: Registered people in the 7 camps (Mae La; Umphiem; Nu Po; Mae La Oon; Mae Ra Moe; Htam Hin; Don Yang); Unregistered people in the 7 camps; New Arrivals in the 7 camps; Pre-Screening People in the 7 camps; Number of PAB People in the 7 camps; Boarding House Students in the 7 camps; Feeding Figures in the 7 camps; General Population in the 7 camps...Report in Karen, Burmese and Thai |
| Language: | | English, Burmese, Karen, Thai |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee (KRC) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (637K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 13 July 2012 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Newsletter & Monthly Report, April 2012 (English, Karen, Thai and Burmese) |
| Date of publication: | | April 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | Newsletter and Activity report...Monthly Activities Report ...NGO Supporters...Camp Population Report: Registered people in the 7 camps (Mae La; Umphiem; Nu Po; Mae La Oon; Mae Ra Moe; Htam Hin; Don Yang); Unregistered people in the 7 camps; New Arrivals in the 7 camps; Pre-Screening People in the 7 camps; Number of PAB People in the 7 camps; Boarding House Students in the 7 camps; Feeding Figures in the 7 camps; General Population in the 7 camps...Report in Karen, Burmese and Thai |
| Language: | | English, Karen, Burmese, Thai |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee (KRC) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (479K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 13 July 2012 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Newsletter & Monthly Report, March 2012 (English, Karen, Thai and Burmese) |
| Date of publication: | | March 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | Newsletter and Activity report March 2012...Monthly Activities Report ...NGO Supporters...Camp Population Report: Registered people in the 7 camps ((Mae La; Umphiem; Nu Po; Mae La Oon; Mae Ra Moe; Htam Hin; Don Yang); Unregistered people in the 7 camps; New Arrivals in the 7 camps; Pre-Screening People in the 7 camps; Number of PAB People in the 7 camps; Boarding House Students in the 7 camps; Feeding Figures in the 7 camps; General Population in the 7 camps...Report in Karen, Burmese and Thai |
| Language: | | English, Karen, Thai, Burmese |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee (KRC) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (472K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 13 July 2012 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Newsletter & Monthly Report, February 2012 (English, Karen, Thai and Burmese) |
| Date of publication: | | February 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | Newsletter and Activity report February 2012...Monthly Activities Report, February 2012 ...NGO Supporters...Camp Population Report February 2012: Registered people in the 7 camps ((Mae La; Umphiem; Nu Po; Mae La Oon; Mae Ra Moe; Htam Hin; Don Yang); Unregistered people in the 7 camps; New Arrivals in the 7 camps (January-present month); Pre-Screening People in the 7 camps; Number of PAB People in the 7 camps; Boarding House Students in the 7 camps; Feeding Figures in the 7 camps; General Population in the 7 camps...Report in Karen, Burmese and Thai |
| Language: | | English, Karen, Thai, Burmese |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee (KRC) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (502K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 13 July 2012 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Newsletter & Monthly Report, January 2012 (English, Karen, Thai and Burmese) |
| Date of publication: | | January 2012 |
| Description/subject: | | Newsletter and Activity report
January-2012...Monthly Activities Report
...NGO Supporters...Camp Population Report January-2012: Registered people in the 7 camps ((Mae La; Umphiem; Nu Po; Mae La Oon; Mae Ra Moe; Htam Hin; Don Yang); Unregistered people in the 7 camps; New Arrivals in the 7 camps (January-December); Pre-Screening People in the 7 camps; Number of PAB People in the 7 camps; Boarding House Students in the 7 camps; Feeding Figures in the 7 camps; General Population in the 7 camps...Report in Karen, Burmese and Thai |
| Language: | | English, Karen, Thai, Burmese |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee (KRC) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (821K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 09 March 2012 |
|
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Karen Refugee Committee Newsletter & Monthly Reports 2011
The reports are issued in English, Karen and Thai
Individual Documents
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Newsletter & Monthly Report, December 2011 (English, Karen and Thai) |
| Date of publication: | | December 2011 |
| Description/subject: | | Newsletter and Activity report
December 2011...NGO Supporters...Camp Population Report December - 2011: Registered people in the 7 camps ((Mae La; Umphiem; Nu Po; Mae La Oon; Mae Ra Moe; Htam Hin; Don Yang); Unregistered people in the 7 camps; New Arrivals in the 7 camps (January-December); Pre-Screening People in the 7 camps; Number of PAB People in the 7 camps; Boarding House Students in the 7 camps; Feeding Figures in the 7 camps; General Population in the 7 camps...Report in Karen and Thai |
| Language: | | English, Karen, Thai |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee (KRC) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (362K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 09 March 2012 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Newsletter & Monthly Report, October 2011 (English, Karen and Thai) |
| Date of publication: | | October 2011 |
| Description/subject: | | Monthly Activities Report
October 2011.....NGO Supporters.....Camp Population Report October 2011: Registered people in the 7 camps [Mae La
Umphiem, Nu Po, Mae La Oon, Mae Ra Moe, Htam Hin,
Don Yan] ...Unregistered people in the 7 camps...New Arrivals in the 7 camps (Jan 2011 to present month)...Pre-Screening People in the 7 camps...Number of PAB People in the 7 camps...Boarding House Students in the 7 camps...Feeding Figures in 7 camps...General Population in the 7 camps |
| Language: | | English, Karen, Thai |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee (KRC) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (498K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 05 January 2012 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Newsletter & Monthly Report, September 2011 (English, Karen and Thai) |
| Date of publication: | | September 2011 |
| Description/subject: | | Monthly Activities Report
September 2011...NGO Supporters...Camp Population Report September, 2011...Registered people in 7 camps (Mae La; Umphiem; Nu Po; Mae La Oon; Mae Ra Moe; Htam Hin; Don Yang)...Unregistered people in 7 camps...New Arrivals in 7 camps (Jan 2011-present)...Pre-Screening People in 7 camps...Boarding House Students in 7 camps...Feeding Figures in 7 camps...General Population in 7 camps...Report in Karen...Report in Thai |
| Language: | | English, Karen, Thai |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee (KRC) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (530K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 31 October 2011 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Newsletter & Monthly Report, August 2011 (English, Karen and Thai) |
| Date of publication: | | August 2011 |
| Description/subject: | | Monthly Activities Report
August-2011...NGO Supporters...Camp Population Report August- 2011 - Registered people in 7 camps (Mae La; Umphiem; Nu Po; Mae La Oon; Mae Ra Moe; Htam Hin; Don Yang)...Unregistered people in 7 camps...New Arrivals in 7 camps (Jan 2011 - present)...Boarding House Students in 7 camps...Feeding Figures in 7 camps...General Population in 7 cahaimps...Report in Karen...Report in Thai |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee (KRC) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (458K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 31 October 2011 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Newsletter & Monthly Report, July 2011 (English, Karen and Thai) |
| Date of publication: | | July 2011 |
| Description/subject: | | Newsletter and Activity report July 2011 (English, Karen, Thai)...
Camp Population figures (English) for July 2011 in 7 camps (Mae La; Umphiem; Nu Po; Mae La Oon; Mae Ra Moe; Htam Hin; Don Yang):
* Registered [with UNHCR];
* Unregistered;
* New arrivals (January to July);
* Boarding House Students;
* Feeding figures:
* General population (cumulative figures) |
| Language: | | English, Karen, Thai |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee (KRC) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (464K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 18 August 2011 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Newsletter & Monthly Report, June 2011 (English, Karen and Thai) |
| Date of publication: | | June 2011 |
| Description/subject: | | Newsletter and Activity report June 2011 (English, Karen, Thai)... Camp Population figures (English) for June 2011 in 7 camps (Mae La; Umphiem; Nu Po; Mae La Oon; Mae Ra Moe; Htam Hin; Don Yang): * Registered [with UNHCR]; * Unregistered; * New arrivals (January to July); * Boarding House Students; * Feeding figures: * General population (cumulative figures) |
| Language: | | English, Karen, Thai |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee (KRC) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (464K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 18 August 2011 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Newsletter & Monthly Report, May 2011 (English, Karen and Thai) |
| Date of publication: | | May 2011 |
| Description/subject: | | Newsletter and Refugee Camp Activities report May 2011 (English, Karen, Thai): KRC Ratchburi (Branch) Activity; Mae La Camp Activity; KRC Sangklaburi - Activity; NGO Supporters... Camp Population figures (English) for May 2011 in 7 camps (Mae La; Umphiem; Nu Po; Mae La Oon; Mae Ra Moe; Htam Hin; Don Yang): * Registered [with UNHCR]; * Number Of PAB, POC, PRE-SCREENING In Camps; * Number Of New Arrival In Camps; * Number Of Outside Student in Camps; * General population (cumulative figures); * Feeding figures |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee (KRC) |
| Format/size: | | pdf (423K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 22 July 2011 |
|
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Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Reports 2007
Individual Documents
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Map (2006-2007) |
| Date of publication: | | December 2007 |
| Description/subject: | | This map of the Karen refugee camps appears to be a modified Excel version (download and open) of a TBBC pdf map listing all the camps -- Karen and others. It is not entirely clear what the date of this map is. For the latest TBBC Border Map & Populations (several dates), see What's New on the TBBC site at http://www.tbbc.org/ or click on Alternate URLs in these medadata. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee |
| Format/size: | | Excel (173K) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.tbbc.org/ |
| Date of entry/update: | | 20 May 2007 |
|
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Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Reports 2006
Individual Documents
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Map (2006-2007) |
| Date of publication: | | December 2007 |
| Description/subject: | | This map of the Karen refugee camps appears to be a modified Excel version (download and open) of a TBBC pdf map listing all the camps -- Karen and others. It is not entirely clear what the date of this map is. For the latest TBBC Border Map & Populations (several dates), see What's New on the TBBC site at http://www.tbbc.org/ or click on Alternate URLs in these medadata. |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee |
| Format/size: | | Excel (173K) |
| Alternate URLs: | | http://www.tbbc.org/ |
| Date of entry/update: | | 20 May 2007 |
|
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Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Reports 1991
Individual Documents
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Report, December 1991 |
| Date of publication: | | December 1991 |
| Description/subject: | | Number of refugees in the camps, 38,163 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee |
| Format/size: | | pdf (140K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 15 November 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Report, November 1991 |
| Date of publication: | | November 1991 |
| Description/subject: | | Number of refugees in the camps, 38,006 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee |
| Format/size: | | pdf (44K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 15 November 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Report, October 1991 |
| Date of publication: | | October 1991 |
| Description/subject: | | Number of refugees in the camps, 37,796 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee |
| Format/size: | | pdf (147K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 15 November 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Report, September 1991 |
| Date of publication: | | September 1991 |
| Description/subject: | | Number of refugees in the camps, 37,306 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee |
| Format/size: | | pdf (42K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 15 November 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Report, August 1991 |
| Date of publication: | | August 1991 |
| Description/subject: | | Number of refugees in the camps, 36,744 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee |
| Format/size: | | pdf (62K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 15 November 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Report, July 1991 |
| Date of publication: | | July 1991 |
| Description/subject: | | Number of refugees in the camps, 36,298 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee |
| Format/size: | | pdf (122K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 15 November 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Report, June 1991 |
| Date of publication: | | June 1991 |
| Description/subject: | | Number of refugees in the camps, 35,985 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee |
| Format/size: | | pdf (50K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 15 November 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Report, May 1991 |
| Date of publication: | | May 1991 |
| Description/subject: | | Number of refugees in the camps, 35,198 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee |
| Format/size: | | pdf (43K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 15 November 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Report, April 1991 |
| Date of publication: | | April 1991 |
| Description/subject: | | Number of refugees in the camps, 34,602 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee |
| Format/size: | | pdf (55K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 15 November 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Report, March 1991 |
| Date of publication: | | March 1991 |
| Description/subject: | | Number of refugees in the camps, 33,843 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee |
| Format/size: | | pdf (126K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 15 November 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Report, February 1991 |
| Date of publication: | | February 1991 |
| Description/subject: | | Number of refugees in the camps, 33,173 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee |
| Format/size: | | pdf (75K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 15 November 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Report, January 1991 |
| Date of publication: | | January 1991 |
| Description/subject: | | Number of refugees in the camps, 32,459 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee |
| Format/size: | | pdf (123K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 15 November 2010 |
|
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Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Reports 1990
Individual Documents
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Report, December 1990 |
| Date of publication: | | December 1990 |
| Description/subject: | | Number of refugees in the camps, 31,330 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee |
| Format/size: | | pdf (250K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 22 November 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Report, November 1990 |
| Date of publication: | | November 1990 |
| Description/subject: | | Number of refugees in the camps, 30,283 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee |
| Format/size: | | pdf (235K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 22 November 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Report, October 1990 |
| Date of publication: | | October 1990 |
| Description/subject: | | Number of refugees in the camps, 29,746 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee |
| Format/size: | | pdf (1.3MB) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 22 November 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Report, September 1990 |
| Date of publication: | | September 1990 |
| Description/subject: | | Number of refugees in the camps, 28 065 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee |
| Format/size: | | pdf (218K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 22 November 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Report, August 1990 |
| Date of publication: | | August 1990 |
| Description/subject: | | Number of refugees in the camps, 28,355 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee |
| Format/size: | | pdf (50K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 22 November 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Report, July 1990 |
| Date of publication: | | July 1990 |
| Description/subject: | | Number of refugees in the camps, 28,215 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee |
| Format/size: | | pdf (40K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 22 November 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Report, June 1990 |
| Date of publication: | | June 1990 |
| Description/subject: | | Number of refugees in the camps, 28,126 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee |
| Format/size: | | pdf (44K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 22 November 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Report, May 1990 |
| Date of publication: | | May 1990 |
| Description/subject: | | Number of refugees in the camps, 27,799 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee |
| Format/size: | | pdf (240K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 22 November 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Report, April 1990 |
| Date of publication: | | April 1990 |
| Description/subject: | | Number of refugees in the camps, 26,164 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee |
| Format/size: | | pdf (309K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 22 November 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Report, March 1990 |
| Date of publication: | | March 1990 |
| Description/subject: | | Number of refugees in the camps, 25,735 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee |
| Format/size: | | pdf (259K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 22 November 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Report, February 1990 |
| Date of publication: | | January 1990 |
| Description/subject: | | Number of refugees in the camps, 25,370 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee |
| Format/size: | | pdf (42K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 22 November 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Report, January 1990 |
| Date of publication: | | January 1990 |
| Description/subject: | | Number of refugees in the camps, 20,927 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee |
| Format/size: | | pdf (498K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 22 November 2010 |
|
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Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Reports 1989
Individual Documents
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Report, December 1989 |
| Date of publication: | | December 1989 |
| Description/subject: | | Number of refugees in the camps, 20,303 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee |
| Format/size: | | pdf (224K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 26 November 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Report, November 1989 |
| Date of publication: | | November 1989 |
| Description/subject: | | Number of refugees in the camps, 19,960 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee |
| Format/size: | | pdf (36K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 26 November 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Report, October 1989 |
| Date of publication: | | October 1989 |
| Description/subject: | | Number of refugees in the camps, 19,803 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee |
| Format/size: | | pdf (188K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 26 November 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Report, September 1989 |
| Date of publication: | | September 1989 |
| Description/subject: | | Number of refugees in the camps, 19,755 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee |
| Format/size: | | pdf (197K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 26 November 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Report, August 1989 |
| Date of publication: | | August 1989 |
| Description/subject: | | Number of refugees in the camps, 19,727 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee |
| Format/size: | | pdf (182K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 26 November 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Report, July 1989 |
| Date of publication: | | July 1989 |
| Description/subject: | | Number of refugees in the camps, 19,727 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee |
| Format/size: | | pdf (186K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 26 November 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Report, June 1989 |
| Date of publication: | | June 1989 |
| Description/subject: | | Number of refugees in the camps, 20,043 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee |
| Format/size: | | pdf (37K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 26 November 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Report, May 1989 |
| Date of publication: | | May 1989 |
| Description/subject: | | Number of refugees in the camps, 20,043 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee |
| Format/size: | | pdf (1.2MB) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 26 November 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Report, April 1989 |
| Date of publication: | | April 1989 |
| Description/subject: | | Number of refugees in the camps, 20,219 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee |
| Format/size: | | pdf (201K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 26 November 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Report, March 1989 |
| Date of publication: | | March 1989 |
| Description/subject: | | Number of refugees in the camps, 20,157 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee |
| Format/size: | | pdf (229K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 26 November 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Report, January 1989 |
| Date of publication: | | January 1989 |
| Description/subject: | | Number of people in the camps, 20,160 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee |
| Format/size: | | pdf (146K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 26 November 2010 |
|
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Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Reports 1988
Individual Documents
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Report, December 1988 |
| Date of publication: | | December 1988 |
| Description/subject: | | Number of refugees in the camps, 19,636 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee |
| Format/size: | | pdf (208K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 24 November 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Report, November 1988 |
| Date of publication: | | November 1988 |
| Description/subject: | | Number of refugees in the camps, 19,629 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee |
| Format/size: | | pdf (206K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 24 November 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Report, October 1988 |
| Date of publication: | | October 1988 |
| Description/subject: | | Number of refugees in the camps, 19,494 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee |
| Format/size: | | pdf (187K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 24 November 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Report, September 1988 |
| Date of publication: | | September 1988 |
| Description/subject: | | Number of refugees in the camps, 19,595 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee |
| Format/size: | | pdf (166K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 24 November 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Report, August 1988 |
| Date of publication: | | August 1988 |
| Description/subject: | | Number of refugees in the camps, 19,512 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee |
| Format/size: | | pdf (193K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 24 November 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Report, July 1988 |
| Date of publication: | | July 1988 |
| Description/subject: | | Number of refugees in the camps, 19,477 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee |
| Format/size: | | pdf (164K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 24 November 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Report, June 1988 |
| Date of publication: | | June 1988 |
| Description/subject: | | Number of refugees in the camps, 19,294 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee |
| Format/size: | | pdf (185K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 24 November 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Report, May 1988 |
| Date of publication: | | May 1988 |
| Description/subject: | | Number of refugees in the camps, 19,202 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee |
| Format/size: | | pdf (243K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 24 November 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Report, April 1988 |
| Date of publication: | | April 1988 |
| Description/subject: | | Number of refugees in the camps, 19,202 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee |
| Format/size: | | pdf (171K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 24 November 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Report, March 1988 |
| Date of publication: | | March 1988 |
| Description/subject: | | Number of refugees in the camps, 19,257 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee |
| Format/size: | | pdf (258K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 24 November 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Report, February 1988 |
| Date of publication: | | February 1988 |
| Description/subject: | | Number of refugees in the camps, 19,239 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee |
| Format/size: | | pdf (239K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 24 November 2010 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Report, January 1988 |
| Date of publication: | | January 1988 |
| Description/subject: | | Number of refugees in the camps, 19,182 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee |
| Format/size: | | pdf (230K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 24 November 2010 |
|
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Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Reports 1987
Individual Documents
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Report December 1987 |
| Date of publication: | | December 1987 |
| Description/subject: | | Total number of refugees in the camps, 19,675 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee |
| Format/size: | | pdf (29K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 May 2009 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Report November 1987 |
| Date of publication: | | November 1987 |
| Description/subject: | | Total number of refugees in the camps, 19,746 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee |
| Format/size: | | pdf (237K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 May 2009 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Report October 1987 |
| Date of publication: | | October 1987 |
| Description/subject: | | Total number of refugees in the camps, 19,730 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee |
| Format/size: | | pdf (28K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 May 2009 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Report, September 1987 |
| Date of publication: | | September 1987 |
| Description/subject: | | Total number of refugees in the camps, 19,789 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee |
| Format/size: | | pdf (428K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 May 2009 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Report August 1987 |
| Date of publication: | | August 1987 |
| Description/subject: | | Total number of refugees in the camps, 19,789 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee |
| Format/size: | | pdf (199K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 May 2009 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Report July 1987 |
| Date of publication: | | July 1987 |
| Description/subject: | | Total number of refugees in the camps, 19,774 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee |
| Format/size: | | pdf (230K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 May 2009 |
|
| Title: | | Karen Refugee Committee Monthly Report May 1987 |
| Date of publication: | | May 1987 |
| Description/subject: | | Total number of refugees in the camps, 19,482 |
| Language: | | English |
| Source/publisher: | | Karen Refugee Committee |
| Format/size: | | pdf (243K) |
| Date of entry/update: | | 03 May 2009 |
|
|