*The "Taxon" grouping is recursive in that, for a
given plant, a Rank, Name, Authority, etc., may be recorded for each level of
the taxonomic hierarchy. Each rank is contained within the rank(s) above it,
with the exception that infraspecific ranks (Subspecies, Variety and Form) are
not required to be in a hierarchical relationship to one another (i.e. a Form
does not have to be contained within a Variety or Subspecies, nor does a Variety
need to be contained within a Subspecies).
|
Stem Type
aerial stem
bulb
corm
rhizome
stolon
tuber
|
Pith
chambered
continuous
diaphragmed
hollow
|
Color of Young Twigs (<= 1 year old)
beige
black
blue
blue-green
bronze
brown
burgundy
copper
cream
fuchsia
gray
green
lavender
maroon
olive-green
orange
pink
purple
red
reddish-brown
rose
salmon
scarlet
silver
tan
turquoise
violet
white
yellow
yellow-green
|
Diameter of Young Twigs (<= 1year old) (mm)
[4-part range:
Abs. Min.
Usual Min.
Usual Max.
Abs. Max.]
|
|
Pubescence of Herbaceous Stems or Young Twigs
(<= 1year old)
glabrate
glabrous
pubescent
|
Pubescence Type of Herbaceous Stems or Young
Twigs (<= 1year old)
arachnoid
canescent
hirsute
hispid
pilose
puberulent
sericeous
stellate
stinging
stipitate glandular
strigose
tomentose
villous
|
Other Surface Features of Herbaceous
Stems or Young Twigs (<= 1year old)
glandular
glaucous
lepidote
nectary-bearing
punctate glandular
scabrous
scaly
scurfy
smooth
spiny, prickly, thorny
tendril-bearing
winged
|
Pubescence of 2-4-year-old Twigs
glabrous
pubescent
|
|
Other Surface Features of 2-4-year-old Twigs
scaly
spiny, prickly, thorny
sterigma-bearing
tendril-bearing
winged
|
Leaf Scar Shape
crescent-shaped
half-round
heart-shaped
horseshoe-shaped
oval
round
shield-shaped
three-lobed
triangular
U-shaped
V-shaped
|
Number of Bundle
Scars
[4-part range:
Abs. Min.
Usual Min.
Usual Max.
Abs. Max.]
|
Stipule Scar Presence
absent
inconspicuous
present
|
|
Stipule Scar Extent
circumferential
not circumferrential
|
Short Shoot Presence
absent
present
|
Short Shoot Type
bearing cones
bearing flowers
bearing leaves
|
Bark of Mature Trunks
armed
checkered
conspicuous lenticels
exfoliating
flaky
furrowed
plated
ridged
shreddy
smooth
warty
|
|
Leaf Duration
deciduous
evergreen
semi-evergreen
|
Leaf Complexity
simple
compound
|
Leaf Attachment
nearly sessile
petiolate
sessile
|
Leaf Postition
basal
cauline
|
Leaf Arrangement
alternate
clustered
decussate
distichous
equitant
fascicled
imbricate
opposite
pectinate
rosetted
spiral
whorled
|
|
Leaf Orientation
ascending
appressed
reflexed
spreading
|
Leaf Length (cm)
[4-part range:
Abs. Min.
Usual Min.
Usual Max.
Abs. Max.]
|
Leaf Width (cm)
[4-part range:
Abs. Min.
Usual Min.
Usual Max.
Abs. Max.]
|
Leaf Shape
acicular
awl-shaped
cordate
deltoid
elliptic
ensiform
falcate
fan-shaped
filiform
hastate
lanceolate
linear
lorate
lyrate
needle-like
obcordate
obdeltoid
oblanceolate
oblong
obovate
orbiculate
oval
ovate
pandurate
reniform
rhombic
runcinate
sagittate
scale-like
spatulate
|
Leaf Margin
ciliate
crenate
crenulate
crisped
deeply lobed
dentate
denticulate
divided
doubly serrate
entire
erose
incised
involute
lacerate
laciniate
moderately lobed
plane
revolute
serrate
serrulate
shallowly lobed
sinuate
spiny or prickly
undulate
|
|
Leaf Apex
acuminate
acute
apiculate
aristate
caudate
emarginate
mucronate
obtuse
rounded
spinose
truncate
|
Leaf Base
attenuate
auriculate
clasping
cordate
cuneate
decurrent
hastate
oblique
obtuse
peltate
perfoliate
rounded
sagittate
sheathing
truncate
|
Leaf Shape in Cross Section
two-sided
three-sided
four-sided
circular
oval
semicircular
keeled above
keeled below
|
Number of Needles per Cluster or Fascicle
[4-part range:
Abs. Min.
Usual Min.
Usual Max.
Abs. Max.]
|
Leaf Upper Surface Color
beige
black
blue
blue-green
bronze
brown
burgundy
copper
cream
fuchsia
gray
green
lavender
maroon
olive-green
orange
pink
purple
red
reddish-brown
rose
salmon
scarlet
silver
tan
turquoise
violet
white
yellow
yellow-green
|
|
Leaf Lower Surface Color
beige
black
blue
blue-green
bronze
brown
burgundy
copper
cream
fuchsia
gray
green
lavender
maroon
olive-green
orange
pink
purple
red
reddish-brown
rose
salmon
scarlet
silver
tan
turquoise
violet
white
yellow
yellow-green
|
Leaf Upper Surface Color Variegation
absent
banded
blotched
bordered
clouded
discoidal
dotted
edged
marbled
ocellated
painted
spotted
striped
tessellated
variegated
zoned
|
Leaf Lower Surface Color Variegation
absent
banded
blotched
bordered
clouded
discoidal
dotted
edged
marbled
ocellated
painted
spotted
striped
tessellated
variegated
zoned
|
Leaf Upper Surface Pubescence
glabrate
glabrous
pubescent
|
Leaf Upper Surface Pubescence Type
arachnoid
canescent
hirsute
hispid
pilose
puberulent
sericeous
stellate
stinging
stipitate glandular
strigose
tomentose
villous
|
|
Other Features of Leaf Upper Surface
glandular
glaucous
glossy
glutinous
lepidote
punctate glandular
rugose
scabrous
scaly
scurfy
smooth
|
Leaf Lower Surface Pubescence
glabrate
glabrous
pubescent
tufts in vein axils
|
Leaf Lower Surface Pubescence Type
arachnoid
canescent
hirsute
hispid
pilose
puberulent
sericeous
stellate
stinging
stipitate glandular
strigose
tomentose
villous
|
Other Features of Leaf Lower Surface
glandular
glaucous
glossy
glutinous
lepidote
punctate glandular
rugose
scabrous
scaly
scurfy
smooth
|
Leaf Venation
dichotomous
palmate
parallel
pinnate
reticulate
|
|
Number of Secondary Veins on Either Side of
the Midvein
[4-part range:
Abs. Min.
Usual Min.
Usual Max.
Abs. Max.]
|
Leaf Upper Surface Venation Relief
distinctly impressed
distinctly raised
relatively planar
|
Leaf Lobing
unlobed
palmate
pinnate
|
Number of Leaf Lobes
[4-part range:
Abs. Min.
Usual Min.
Usual Max.
Abs. Max.]
|
Leaf Division
bifoliolate
bigeminate
bipalmately compound
bipinnately compound
bipinnate-pinnatifid
bipinnatifid
biternate
once palmately compound
once pinnately compound
once pinnate-pinnatifid
palmatifid
pinnatifid
trifoliolate
tripalmately compound
tripinnately compound
tripinnate-pinnatifid
tripinnatifid
triternate
unifoliolate
|
|
Leaflet Attachment
nearly sessile
petiolulate
sessile
|
Leaflet Number
[4-part range:
Abs. Min.
Usual Min.
Usual Max.
Abs. Max.]
|
Terminal Leaflet Presence
absent (even-pinnate)
present (odd-pinnate)
|
Leaflet Length (cm)
[4-part range:
Abs. Min.
Usual Min.
Usual Max.
Abs. Max.]
|
Leaflet Width (cm)
[4-part range:
Abs. Min.
Usual Min.
Usual Max.
Abs. Max.]
|
|
Leaflet Shape
acicular
awl-shaped
cordate
deltoid
elliptic
ensiform
falcate
fan-shaped
filiform
hastate
lanceolate
linear
lorate
lyrate
needle-like
obcordate
obdeltoid
oblanceolate
oblong
obovate
orbiculate
oval
ovate
pandurate
reniform
rhombic
runcinate
sagittate
scale-like
spatulate
|
Leaflet Margin
ciliate
crenate
crenulate
crisped
deeply lobed
dentate
denticulate
divided
doubly serrate
entire
erose
incised
involute
lacerate
laciniate
moderately lobed
plane
revolute
serrate
serrulate
shallowly lobed
sinuate
spiny or prickly
undulate
|
Leaflet Apex
acuminate
acute
apiculate
aristate
caudate
emarginate
mucronate
obtuse
rounded
spinose
truncate
|
Leaflet Base
attenuate
auriculate
clasping
cordate
cuneate
decurrent
hastate
oblique
obtuse
peltate
perfoliate
rounded
sagittate
sheathing
truncate
|
Leaflet Venation
dichotomous
palmate
parallel
pinnate
reticulate
|
|
Leaflet Lobing
unlobed
palmate
pinnate
|
Petiole Length (cm)
[4-part range:
Abs. Min.
Usual Min.
Usual Max.
Abs. Max.]
|
Petiole Pubescence
glabrate
glabrous
pubescent
|
Petiole Pubescence Type
pilose
puberulent
stellate
stinging
stipitate glandular
|
Other Petiole Surface Features
glandular
nectary-bearing
punctate glandular
spiny, prickly, thorny
tendril-bearing
winged
|
|
Rachis Pubescence
glabrate
glabrous
pubescent
|
Rachis Pubescence Type
pilose
puberulent
stellate
stinging
stipitate glandular
|
Other Rachis Surface Features
glandular
nectary-bearing
punctate glandular
spiny, prickly, thorny
tendril-bearing
winged
|
Stipule Presence
absent
present
|
Stipule Length (mm)
[4-part range:
Abs. Min.
Usual Min.
Usual Max.
Abs. Max.]
|
|
Stipule Persistence
caducous
persistent
|
Stipule Type
blade-like
circumferential
glandular
scale-like
spinose
|
|
|
Bloom Time (months)
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
|
Inflorescence Position
axillary
terminal
|
Inflorescence Type
catkin
compound dichasium
compound umbel
corymb
cyathium
cyme
fascicle
glomerule
head
helicoid cyme
panicle
raceme
scorpioid cyme
simple dichasium
simple umbel
solitary
spadix
spike
spikelet
thyrse
verticillaster
|
Flower Attachment
nearly sessile
sessile
stalked
|
|
Flower Gender
bisexual
pistillate
staminate
unisexual
|
Position of Perianth
epigynous
hypogynous
perigynous
|
Composite Ray Floret Length (mm)
[4-part range:
Abs. Min.
Usual Min.
Usual Max.
Abs. Max.]
|
Composite Ray Floret Number
[4-part range:
Abs. Min.
Usual Min.
Usual Max.
Abs. Max.]
|
|
Composite Ray Floret Color
beige
black
blue
blue-green
bronze
brown
burgundy
copper
cream
fuchsia
gray
green
lavender
maroon
olive-green
orange
pink
purple
red
reddish-brown
rose
salmon
scarlet
silver
tan
turquoise
violet
white
yellow
yellow-green
|
Composite Disc Floret Length (mm)
[4-part range:
Abs. Min.
Usual Min.
Usual Max.
Abs. Max.]
|
Composite Disc Floret Number
[4-part range:
Abs. Min.
Usual Min.
Usual Max.
Abs. Max.]
|
Composite Disc Floret Color
beige
black
blue
blue-green
bronze
brown
burgundy
copper
cream
fuchsia
gray
green
lavender
maroon
olive-green
orange
pink
purple
red
reddish-brown
rose
salmon
scarlet
silver
tan
turquoise
violet
white
yellow
yellow-green
|
|
Calyx Symmetry
asymmetric
bilaterally symmetric
radially symmetric
|
Calyx Fusion
aposepalous
synsepalous
|
Sepal Number
[4-part range:
Abs. Min.
Usual Min.
Usual Max.
Abs. Max.]
|
Calyx Tube Length (mm)
[4-part range:
Abs. Min.
Usual Min.
Usual Max.
Abs. Max.]
|
Calyx Tube Width (mm)
[4-part range:
Abs. Min.
Usual Min.
Usual Max.
Abs. Max.]
|
|
Sepal Length (mm)
[4-part range:
Abs. Min.
Usual Min.
Usual Max.
Abs. Max.]
|
Sepal Width (mm)
[4-part range:
Abs. Min.
Usual Min.
Usual Max.
Abs. Max.]
|
Sepal Orientation
ascending
appressed
reflexed
spreading
|
Sepal Color
beige
black
blue
blue-green
bronze
brown
burgundy
copper
cream
fuchsia
gray
green
lavender
maroon
olive-green
orange
pink
purple
red
reddish-brown
rose
salmon
scarlet
silver
tan
turquoise
violet
white
yellow
yellow-green
|
Sepal Shape
deltoid
elliptic
falcate
lanceolate
linear
lorate
obcordate
obdeltoid
oblanceolate
oblong
obovate
orbiculate
oval
ovate
rhombic
scale-like
spatulate
|
|
Sepal Margin
ciliate
crenate
deeply lobed
dentate
divided
entire
erose
incised
lacerate
laciniate
moderately lobed
serrate
shallowly lobed
sinuate
spiny or prickly
undulate
|
Sepal Apex
acuminate
acute
apiculate
aristate
caudate
emarginate
mucronate
obtuse
rounded
spinose
truncate
|
Sepal Pubescence
glabrate
glabrous
pubescent
|
Sepal Pubescence Type
arachnoid
canescent
hirsute
hispid
pilose
puberulent
sericeous
stellate
stinging
stipitate glandular
strigose
tomentose
villous
|
Other Sepal Surface Features
glandular
glaucous
glossy
glutinous
lepidote
punctate glandular
rugose
scabrous
scaly
scurfy
smooth
|
|
Sepal Persistence
caducous
persistent
|
Corolla Symmetry
asymmetric
bilaterally symmetric
radially symmetric
|
Corolla Fusion
apopetalous
sympetalous
|
Petal Number
[4-part range:
Abs. Min.
Usual Min.
Usual Max.
Abs. Max.]
|
Corolla Shape
campanulate
funnelform
rotate
salverform
tubular
urceolate
|
|
Corolla Tube Length (mm)
[4-part range:
Abs. Min.
Usual Min.
Usual Max.
Abs. Max.]
|
Corolla Tube Width (mm)
[4-part range:
Abs. Min.
Usual Min.
Usual Max.
Abs. Max.]
|
Petal Length (mm)
[4-part range:
Abs. Min.
Usual Min.
Usual Max.
Abs. Max.]
|
Petal Width (mm)
[4-part range:
Abs. Min.
Usual Min.
Usual Max.
Abs. Max.]
|
Petal Orientation
ascending
appressed
reflexed
spreading
|
|
Petal Color
beige
black
blue
blue-green
bronze
brown
burgundy
copper
cream
fuchsia
gray
green
lavender
maroon
olive-green
orange
pink
purple
red
reddish-brown
rose
salmon
scarlet
silver
tan
turquoise
violet
white
yellow
yellow-green
|
Petal Shape
clawed
deltoid
elliptic
falcate
keeled
lanceolate
linear
lorate
obcordate
obdeltoid
oblanceolate
oblong
obovate
orbiculate
oval
ovate
rhombic
saccate
scale-like
spatulate
spurred
|
Petal Margin
ciliate
crenate
deeply lobed
dentate
divided
entire
erose
incised
lacerate
laciniate
moderately lobed
serrate
shallowly lobed
sinuate
undulate
|
Petal Apex
acuminate
acute
apiculate
aristate
caudate
cleft
emarginate
fringed
mucronate
obtuse
rounded
spinose
truncate
|
Petal Pubescence
glabrous
pubescent
|
|
Petal Persistence
caducous
persistent
|
|
|
Receptacle Shape
alveolate
concave
cone-like
convex
|
Receptacle Chaff Presence
absent
present
|
Hypanthium Presence
absent
present
|
Involucre Shape
campanulate
|
|
Phyllary Length (mm)
[4-part range:
Abs. Min.
Usual Min.
Usual Max.
Abs. Max.]
|
Phyllary Number
[4-part range:
Abs. Min.
Usual Min.
Usual Max.
Abs. Max.]
|
Phyllary Color
beige
black
blue
blue-green
bronze
brown
burgundy
copper
cream
fuchsia
gray
green
lavender
maroon
olive-green
orange
pink
purple
red
reddish-brown
rose
salmon
scarlet
silver
tan
turquoise
violet
white
yellow
yellow-green
|
Phyllary Orientation
ascending
appressed
reflexed
squarrose
|
|
Phyllary Shape
deltoid
elliptic
falcate
lanceolate
linear
lorate
obcordate
obdeltoid
oblanceolate
oblong
obovate
orbiculate
oval
ovate
rhombic
scale-like
spatulate
|
Phyllary Margin
ciliate
crenate
dentate
entire
erose
incised
lacerate
laciniate
serrate
sinuate
spiny or prickly
undulate
|
Phyllary Apex
acuminate
acute
apiculate
aristate
caudate
emarginate
mucronate
obtuse
rounded
spinose
truncate
|
Phyllary Pubescence
glabrate
glabrous
pubescent
|
|
Phyllary Pubescence Type
arachnoid
canescent
hirsute
hispid
pilose
puberulent
sericeous
stellate
stinging
stipitate glandular
strigose
tomentose
villous
|
Other Phyllary Surface Features
glandular
glaucous
glossy
glutinous
lepidote
punctate glandular
rugose
scabrous
scaly
scurfy
smooth
|
Pappus Type
bristle-like
plumose
scale-like
|
Pappus Whorl Complexity
double-whorled
simple-whorled
|
|
Pappus Number
[4-part range:
Abs. Min.
Usual Min.
Usual Max.
Abs. Max.]
|
Pappus Color
beige
black
blue
blue-green
bronze
brown
burgundy
copper
cream
fuchsia
gray
green
lavender
maroon
olive-green
orange
pink
purple
red
reddish-brown
rose
salmon
scarlet
silver
tan
turquoise
violet
white
yellow
yellow-green
|
|
|
Pollen Shed Time (months)
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
|
Pollen Cone Length (cm)
[4-part range:
Abs. Min.
Usual Min.
Usual Max.
Abs. Max.]
|
Seed Cone Length (cm)
[4-part range:
Abs. Min.
Usual Min.
Usual Max.
Abs. Max.]
|
Seed Cone Position
axillary
terminal
|
|
Seed Cone Attachment
nearly sessile
sessile
stalked
|
Seed Cone Color Before Maturity
beige
black
blue
blue-green
bronze
brown
burgundy
copper
cream
fuchsia
gray
green
lavender
maroon
olive-green
orange
pink
purple
red
reddish-brown
rose
salmon
scarlet
silver
tan
turquoise
violet
white
yellow
yellow-green
|
Seed Cone Color When Mature
beige
black
blue
blue-green
bronze
brown
burgundy
copper
cream
fuchsia
gray
green
lavender
maroon
olive-green
orange
pink
purple
red
reddish-brown
rose
salmon
scarlet
silver
tan
turquoise
violet
white
yellow
yellow-green
|
Seed Cone Symmetry
asymmetric
nearly symmetric
symmetric
|
|
Seed Cone Shape Before Opening
conic
cylindric
ellipsoid
ellipsoid-cylindric
globose
lance-cylindric
lance-obovoid
lanceoloid
lance-ovoid
oblong
oblong-cylindric
oblong-ovoid
obovoid
ovoid
ovoid-conic
ovoid-cylindric
|
Seed Cone Shape After Opening
conic
cylindric
ellipsoid
ellipsoid-cylindric
globose
lance-cylindric
lance-obovoid
lanceoloid
lance-ovoid
oblong
oblong-cylindric
oblong-ovoid
obovoid
ovoid
ovoid-conic
ovoid-cylindric
|
Seed Cone Time to Maturity (years)
[4-part range:
Abs. Min.
Usual Min.
Usual Max.
Abs. Max.]
|
Seed Cone Persistence
not persistent
persistent
semi-persistent
|
|
Seed Cone Serotiny
not serotinous
serotinous
variably serotinous
|
Seed Cone Scale Type
fleshy
leathery
woody
|
Seed Cone Armature Presence
armed
unarmed
|
Seed Cone Armature Persistence
deciduous
persistent
|
|
Seed Cone Armature Features
curved
straight
strong
weak
|
Apophysis Features
cross-keeled
grooved
keeled
smooth
wrinkled
|
|