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Body Organization and Anatomic Terminology

Learning Objectives, Topics, & Key Terms

Fall Semester 2004


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Readings: Martini, Chapter 1

Levels of Biological Organization

Objective: Define the levels of biological organization and the relationships between them.

Levels of Organization (from atomic to organism)

Atomic (e.g. ions such as Ca2+)

Molecular (e.g., proteins)

Supramolecular (e.g., organelles)

Cellular

Tissues

Organs

Organ Systems

Organism

 

Objective: Know the organ systems and their main functions.

Organ Systems

Integumentary

Skeletal

Muscular

Nervous

Endocrine

Cardiovascular

Blood and Lymphatic

Respiratory

Digestive

Urinary

Reproduction

 

 

Body Geography

Objective: Describe the two principal body regions

Axial Region (trunk)

Appendicular Regions (limbs)

Objective: Describe the relative positions of two body parts by using anatomical directions.

Anatomical Directions (relative position)

superior (cranial)

inferior (caudal)

 

anterior (ventral)

posterior (dorsal)

 

medial

lateral

 

ipsilateral

contralateral

 

proximal

distal

 

superficial

deep

 

Objective: Describe the standard anatomical planes.

sagittal plane

 

frontal plane (also called coronal for head and brain)

 

transverse (also called horizontal plane, cross-section)

 

Body Cavities/Abdominopelvic Regions

Objective: Identify the major body cavities.

dorsal cavity

cranial

spinal

ventral cavity

thoracic

pleural

mediastinum

abdominopelvic

abdominal

pelvic

 

Objective: Identify abdominopelvic regions and know the major organs within each.

(two different systems)

quadrant system

right upper

right lower

left upper

left lower

 

classical system

epigastric

right hypochondriac

left hypochondriac

umbilical

right lumbar

left lumbar

hypogastric

right iliac

left iliac

Common Descriptive Terms

Objective: Define some common regional descriptive terms.

acromial

antebrachial

antecubital

axillary

brachial

buccal

carpal

cervical

costal

digital

femoral

gluteal

inguinal

lingual

lumbar

mammary

mental

occipital

orbital

pectoral

perineal

plantar

popliteal

radial

sacral

somatic

temporal

ulnar

visceral


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Durham Technical Community College
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Last updated 8 August 2004