Tissues Study Guide
Fall Semester 2004
Learning Objective, Topics, Key Terms
Readings: Martini, Chapter 4
Tissue Types/Properties of Epithelial Tissues
Objective: Define the four types of tissue
A tissue is made of a single type of cell (or a few types of cells)
Four tissue types make up the organs: epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous
Objective: Understand the features of epithelial cells and tissues
Epithelial Tissues (epithelium, singular; epithelia, plural)
Properties
close packed, continuous sheet of cells, avascular
Functions
covers organs, lines hollow organs, protects, secretes, absorbs materials
epithelial cells have a polarity
(apical at free surface; basal toward basement membrane)
cell attachments between epithelial cells
tight junction
desmosome (and hemidesmosome)
gap junction
Classification of Epithelia
by shape of cells
squamous
cuboidal
columnar
by number of cell layers
simple
stratified
Types of Epithelia (advice: know examples of organs where these are found)
simple squamous
stratified squamous
simple cuboidal
stratified cuboidal
transitional
simple columnar
stratified columnar
pseudostratified ciliated columnar (with goblet cells)
Connective Tissues
Objective: Understand the general properties of connective tissues
cells + matrix found in connective tissues proper
cells fibroblast, mast cell, macrophage, lymphocytes, adipocytes
matrix collagen, reticular fibers, elastic fibers, ground substance
functions of connective tissues
Objective: Understand the different types of connective tissues
determined by principal cell type and type and arrangement of matrix/reinforcing fibers
The Connective Tissues Proper
dense connective (fibroblast)
regular dense (e.g, tendon, ligaments)
irregular dense (e.g, skin, organ capsules)
elastic (e.g, wall of aorta, ligamentum nuchae)
loose connective (also called aerolar) (fibroblast + collagen)
reticular (fibroblast + reticular fibers; e.g, spleen)
adipose (adipocyte; e.g., fatty tissue + collagen)
Other Connective Tissue
cartilage (chondrocyte in lacunae + collagen + chondroitan sulfate)
hyaline
elastic
fibrocartilage
cartilage is avascular (cant heal if broken)
bone (osteocyte in lacunae + collagen + calcium phosphate)
blood and lymph (erythrocyte + plasma; lymphocyte + lymph)
Muscular Tissues, Nervous Tissues, Membranes
Objective: Understand the three types of muscle tissues
Muscular Tissue
skeletal muscle
cardiac muscle
smooth muscle
Objective: Understand the two categories of cells in nervous tissues
Nervous Tissue
neuron (nerve cell - information storage and processing)
neuroglia (complex group of supportive cells in nervous tissue)
Objective: Understand the four types of bodily membranes
Membranes (an epithelium + connective tissue - dont confuse with the plasma membrane)
mucous (mucosa)
serous (serosa)
cutaneous
synovial
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Durham Technical Community College
Durham, NC 27703
Last updated 19 August 2004