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Tissues Study Guide

Fall Semester 2004

Learning Objective, Topics, Key Terms


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Readings: Martini, Chapter 4

Tissue Types/Properties of Epithelial Tissues

Objective: Define the four types of tissue

A tissue is made of a single type of cell (or a few types of cells)

Four tissue types make up the organs: epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous

Objective: Understand the features of epithelial cells and tissues

Epithelial Tissues (epithelium, singular; epithelia, plural)

Properties

close packed, continuous sheet of cells, avascular

Functions

covers organs, lines hollow organs, protects, secretes, absorbs materials

epithelial cells have a polarity

(apical at free surface; basal toward basement membrane)

cell attachments between epithelial cells

tight junction

desmosome (and hemidesmosome)

gap junction

Classification of Epithelia

by shape of cells

squamous

cuboidal

columnar

by number of cell layers

simple

stratified

Types of Epithelia (advice: know examples of organs where these are found)

simple squamous

stratified squamous

simple cuboidal

stratified cuboidal

transitional

simple columnar

stratified columnar

pseudostratified ciliated columnar (with goblet cells)

Connective Tissues

Objective: Understand the general properties of connective tissues

cells + matrix found in connective tissues proper

cells — fibroblast, mast cell, macrophage, lymphocytes, adipocytes

matrix — collagen, reticular fibers, elastic fibers, ground substance

functions of connective tissues

 

Objective: Understand the different types of connective tissues

determined by principal cell type and type and arrangement of matrix/reinforcing fibers

The Connective Tissues Proper

dense connective (fibroblast)

regular dense (e.g, tendon, ligaments)

irregular dense (e.g, skin, organ capsules)

elastic (e.g, wall of aorta, ligamentum nuchae)

loose connective (also called aerolar) (fibroblast + collagen)

reticular (fibroblast + reticular fibers; e.g, spleen)

adipose (adipocyte; e.g., fatty tissue + collagen)

Other Connective Tissue

cartilage (chondrocyte in lacunae + collagen + chondroitan sulfate)

hyaline

elastic

fibrocartilage

cartilage is avascular (can’t heal if broken)

bone (osteocyte in lacunae + collagen + calcium phosphate)

blood and lymph (erythrocyte + plasma; lymphocyte + lymph)

 

Muscular Tissues, Nervous Tissues, Membranes

Objective: Understand the three types of muscle tissues

Muscular Tissue

skeletal muscle

cardiac muscle

smooth muscle

 

Objective: Understand the two categories of cells in nervous tissues

Nervous Tissue

neuron (nerve cell - information storage and processing)

neuroglia (complex group of supportive cells in nervous tissue)

 

Objective: Understand the four types of bodily membranes

Membranes (an epithelium + connective tissue - don’t confuse with the plasma membrane)

mucous (mucosa)

serous (serosa)

cutaneous

synovial

 


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Durham Technical Community College
Durham, NC 27703
Last updated 19 August 2004