TITLES TO 2700 SOFTWARE PATENTS ISSUED IN 1992 and 1993 Greg Aharonian Internet Patents News Service P.O. Box 404, Belmont, MA 02178 patents@world.std.com 617-489-3727 At the end of January, and beginning of February, the Patent Office will be holding public hearings in San Jose and Washington on the "problem" of software patents. The hearings will focus on two aspects: the nature of software patents (legal, economic and software theory), and the process of awarding software patents (in particular, software prior art). To help these hearings be more emprical, I have prepared a list of 2700 software patents issued in the past two years. It should help people base their assertions in the actual statistics of issued software patents (of which there are over 11,000 to date). What follows are the titles to over 2700 software patents issued in all of 1992 and the first half of 1993. The list is not all inclusive, since it depends on what I consider to be a software patent. The list does however reflect the nature of software patenting in the United States, and does include software patents from all categories of software for which patents are being sought. And given the Patent Office's classification scheme for software, this was not a very easy list to compile. Despite the tremendous numbers of software patents being issued (with respect to the small numbers of true software innovations each year), software patenting as of yet is not a really big socioeconomic problem, though unless the software community acts now, it will become a big problem. A series of diskettes with more detailed information on each software patent listed below (full title, number, assignee, abstract, classification, application date) are available at a cost of $595. Also provided are diskettes with 9000 titles from my software prior art database, and version 1.0 of my patents claim analysis program. Proceeds go to my project of making the Patent Office APS patent text files Internet accessible. For more information on the Internet Patent News Service, send 'help' in the body of a message to patents@world.std.com on the Internet. ============================================================================== Here are some observations based on examining these software patents: 1) The most minor of software concepts can be patented. Despite endless series of articles referencing all sorts of court cases and judicial precedents, you can receive a software patent for the most minor of software concepts, as long as the patent application is prepared properly. For example, the Air Force received a patent for nothing more than the difference between two versions of a public domain computer program. IBM received for a patent for putting a scrolling database field in a window. Fourier transforms, spline interpolation, APL-to-Fortran translation, graphics window clipping, and other ideas which have been written to death in technical journals - how did they pass the prior art check? Any software concept is patentable. Any. 2) Extremely broad software patents can be acquired. While everyone knows about Compton's multimedia patents, and Action's workflow patents, Digital Equipment Corporation recently received a patent which very broadly claims all case-based reasoning technology, as did Ehud Shapiro for all concurrent logic programming technology. Most independent claims in software patents are too broad, and should include the Jepson phrase "...the improvement comprising...", if this style wasn't so discouraged. Of course, such broad claims are rarely defendable, so why allow them? 3) Hardware and software patents are logically equivalent There exists at least one VHDL tool in which I can specify an algorithm using VHDL's conventional programming language style (VHDL is similar to Ada) and execute the algorithm as I would any other algorithm (a software algorithm then as worthy as any other to be patented), and/or I can then generate a circuit diagram and logic cell component lists and have a integrated circuit then produced by a foundry (a hardware device then as worthy as any other to be patented). Such a capability blurs and eliminates any distinctions between hardware and software. This will cause a new set of headaches for the Patent Office. Someone can take a software idea, patent it in a hardware form (look at some of the neural net patents), and then challenge software infringers in court using the doctrine of equivalence. 4) Software patent litigation is not very active Compared to other areas of technology, software patent litigation is not big business. I see many more, and bigger, cases dealing with biotechnology, electronics, mechanical devices and chemistry, than I do with software. This is because most software patents are either easily work-aroundable or are easily challengable for prior art (though Roger Billings is having more success against Novell than I thought he would). Also, despite all of the talk about software patents, no one has ever prepared and distributed the following list - the Patent Office, the patent bar associations, the Software Patent Institute, etc. No one. (Of course one reason may be that looking at this many software patents is somewhat mind-numbing :-) 5) 25% of all software patents could not survive reexamination I maintain the largest software prior art database in the country. Based on public software components and algorithms I have reviewed over the last ten years, numbering in the tens of thousands, I could successfully challenge at least 20% of most software patents being issued. Another five percent are faulty for not providing enough information to implement the software concept being patented - if I can't create working source code from your patent description, you shouldn't get a patent. 6) Software patent examiners are being asked the impossible A software patent examiner has on the average about two or three hours per patent application to verify and/or conduct the software prior art search. Even working in Boston, where I have access to some of the best technical libraries in the world, along with my own large software prior art and software patent databases, it takes me at least a few days to investigate a software prior art problem. If you figure a few weeks for most others, including software patent examiners, one of the most important problems of the software patenting process arises: software prior art searching. ============================================================================== I use 42 categories of software patents, listed below, though a few are so big that I will probably split them up. Some patents are listed in more than one category to simplify your search for relevant patents. Many of the titles have been abridged without losing their meaning, to fit on one line. Some titles start with '--'. This indicates the assignee is IBM. I do this because IBM has 1/8 of all software patents, has made money off its software patents, and it is interesting to see their software patenting strategy. IMAGE PROCESSING OPERATING SYSTEMS NETWORKING and COMMUNICATIONS PROCESS CONTROL and NUMERICAL CONTROL GRAPHICS GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACES DATABASE WORD PROCESSING and DOCUMENT HANDLING FINANCIAL COMPUTER AIDED SOFTWARE ENGINEERING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE and EXPERT SYSTEMS ENGINEERING CIRCUIT DESIGN / COMPUTER AIDED ENGINEERING NEURAL NETWORKS SECURITY AND ENCRYPTION MULTIPROCESSING PATTERN RECOGNITION MEDICAL AND HEALTH SIGNAL PROCESSING SPEECH RECOGNITION and SYNTHESIS COMPRESSION NUMERICAL ANALYSIS COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN AUTOMOBILE OFFICE AUTOMATION GEOPHYSICAL NATURAL LANGUAGE ANALYSIS CHARACTER RECOGNITION PARALLEL PROCESSING BIOLOGY VISION DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING ALGORITHMS and DATA STRUCTURES OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING ROBOTICS FUZZY LOGIC SIMULATION EDUCATION PHYSICS CHEMISTRY SPREADSHEETS VIRTUAL REALITY ------------------------------------------------------------------------ IMAGE PROCESSING Inspection control system and method Reading a document and processing the image Registering image data Manipulable three-dimensional projection imaging method Eliminating scattered .gamma.-rays and reconstructing image Method and apparatus for image reproduction --Pseudo-bar code control of image transmission Adaptive coding and decoding of frames and fields of video Transmitting encoded image data with quick image expansion and contraction Phase corrected complex-difference processed magnetic resonance angiograms Technique for representing sampled images Generating image data representing integrated image Image recognizer and method for recognizing image Detecting the position of an object pattern in an image Making image conversions with error diffusion Motion vector detection and band compression apparatus Calibrating an x-ray scanner from image of at least one calibration standard Image processing for moire reduction and/or random dot generation Correction of blooming artifacts in ionographic devices Improved remote programming using display screen Image skeletonization method Extending dynamic range of stored image database High quality film image correction and duplication method and system Automated coin grading system Fast inverse discrete cosine transform using optimized lookup tables Method of and apparatus for eliminating false image Image processing apparatus --Image processing using a RAM and repeat read-modify-write operation Determining segment types in figure represented by straight short vectors Image forming apparatus with filing function which can store image data and can efficiently perform document filing System and method for spot color extraction Color image data processing apparatus Determining parallax between digital images Image color correction system and method Image enhancement system Computation and processing of a 3-D image in conical projection Pattern selection involving scaling-up circumscribed rectangles Reproducing an original image using a set of standard originals Image processing method for dodging with softened edge transitions Determining the complexity of a page prior to a print attempt Halftone compression with sharpness preservation Apparatus for image reading or processing Color imaging system Surveying instrument Optical imaging system for neurosurgery Ultrasonic color doppler diagnostic apparatus Temporal interpolation of images Signal encoding and decoding system Image processing method for the detection of the horizon Scan-in polygonal extraction of video images Method and apparatus for detecting and quantifying motion of a body part Object reconstruction from x-ray holograms Image transforming apparatus Moving video image estimation system Compression of video signals Compensating for dirt or etched areas on a document platen Mapping of corneal topography with display of pupil perimeter Tracking an aimpoint with arbitrary subimages Preprocessing of dot-matrix/ink-jet text for optical character recognition Edge detection for an image processing system Method of locating a target on a portion of anatomy Ranking and extracting salient contours for target recognition Forming energy subtraction images Storing and communicating a transform definition which includes sample values representing an input/output relation of an image transformation Recording apparatus Image inspection methods and apparatus Helical scanning with a stationary detector using rebinning and splicing to create detector vertex projection sets Image reading with coordination between read value and original density Magnetic resonance imaging system Collating independent figure elements between images Footwear visual image cataloging and sizing One-dimensional coding method Mixed text and image data processing Image forming apparatus Method of and apparatus for performing detail enhancement Correcting contour of image Collectively performing image rotation, scaling and digital halftone screening Extracting feature from line pattern and line pattern recognition Inspection method using unique templates and histogram analysis Detection of defects lacking distinct edges Method of an apparatus for compressing images data Color editing with simple encoded images Segmentation of stationary and vascular surfaces in magnetic resonance imaging Reading identification code sheets using borders to determine scan angle --Generating a gray-scale pattern Method of and apparatus for reading image Segmentation of text and graphics Quantitation of nuclear protein Surface generation method from boundaries of stereo images Multimode computerized multicolor camera and method therefor MRI using variable imaging parameter(s) within a single image sequence Establishing threshold level in a binary mode document scanner Image hand markup detection using morphological techniques Public telephone network including a distributed imaging system Volumetric and terrain imaging sonar Locally switching gray dot types to reproduce images with gray level printing Block-matching motion estimator for video coder Fourth-order-product phase difference autofocus Method of image display with scrolling capability Apparatus for restoring original image from degraded image Image processing giving ID labels to areas of connected black picture elements System for recording an image having a facial image and ID information Localization of functional activity in the human brain Digital image generation Image forming apparatus System and method of foot shape imaging and overlay Borderless mapping of texture images Optical scanner threshold setting method and sheet Detecting target movement Examining components with data digitized into a large number of gray levels Local hierarchical processing focus shift within an image Segmenting the field of motion of an image and image encoding Rxtracting data from documents for subsequent processing Facsimile device with skew correction and text line direction detection --Eliminating interlace motion artifacts in captured digital video data Video imaging technique used in bagging assembly Automatic detection of elliptical shapes Dynamic pattern matcher using incomplete data --Image editor zoom function Method of and apparatus for compressing image data Forming, with an overview image, a composite image from a mosaic of images Identification and correction of document skew Determining image points in object images Contextual data enhancement Method of creating and applying half tone screen patterns Inspection method and apparatus Color transformation from physical to psychological attribute using neural network Document image processing system Merging images Automated image calibration Electronic image modification Focusing of magnetic resonance images Electrical impedance tomography Storing pixels Image processing having apparatus for correcting the image processing Method of processing radiographic image data for detecting a welding defect Method of acquiring ultrasound images Detecting the boundary of an object displayed in digital image Determining the amount of skew of image, method for correcting the same General method of pattern classification using the two domain theory Linear pattern recognizing method Determining register differences from a multi-color printed image Segmentation of handwriting and machine printed text Dynamic thresholding for documents using structural information identifying and displaying particular features of an object Determining an image point in an object mode Scene boundary detecting apparatus Detecting, classifying and quantifying defects in optical fiber end faces Image processing system capable of editing images --Image data processing of correlated images Moving object detection apparatus and method Collation of a streaked pattern at a high speed Image processing system suitable for use for a facsimile Image filtering system performing transform coding of image data other than boundary picture elements of adjoining blocks Corner-based image matching Storing image signals Detecting motion vector Methods and apparatus for defining contours in colored images Automated method of classifying optical fiber flaws Medical image processing system Image processing apparatus using disease-based image processing conditions Image communication method and apparatus Electronic information retrieval for image information Image display apparatus System two reformat images for three-dimensional display using unique spatial encoding and non-planar bisectioning Reducing patient translation artifacts in tomographic imaging Compression coding device and expansion decoding device for a picture signal Image processing system 3D interferometric SAR terrain mapping employing altitude measurement Radiation imaging utilizing data reconstruction to provide transforms which accurately reflect wave propagation characteristics Error tolerant 3*3 bit-map coding of binary data and method of decoding Image reconstruction by use of discrete cosine and related transforms Image processing system for generating, storing, and transmitting image datafiles associated with enciphered identification information Coloring device for performing adaptive coloring of a monochromatic image Determining surface characteristics using infrared imaging Binary image processing for decoding self-clocking glyph shape codes Reconstructing 2D and 3D images by 2D and 3D Fourier transforms in MRI systems Geographical surveying using cameras in combination with flight computers to obtain images with overlaid geographical coordinates Measuring temperature based on infrared light Image data processing method for selective partial image storage Image data output apparatus with display range designation means Aligning images using pixels of closed contours Solder joint location Correcting setup parameter decision characteristics using a neural network Image processing for mosaic or similar processing therefor Coding and compressing color video signals Image processing including improved gray scale compression X-ray image display apparatus Quantifying macrophage phagocytosis by computer image analysis Multi-echo NMR imaging method --Document image management in a case processing system Black and white image reduction based upon averaging of neighboring blocks Generating feature matrix by normalized out-class/in-class variation matrices Digital image processing for enlarging original image with high fidelity Interferometric synthetic aperture detection of sparse non-surface objects Method and system for verifying a seal against a stored image Recognizing concavities in an image system subject to character recognition Priority processing of financial documents using video image capture Data reduction in a video image data reduction system Background suppression in an image data processing system Chipping detection system and method Radiation image processing, determination and image read-out apparatus Motion vector detector employing image subregions and median values Method of incorporating a scanned image into a page layout --Adaptive quantization with the JPEG sequential mode Feature detection and side scan sonar overlap navigation via image matching Processing and reproducing images Storage and retrieval of images from a grey image having artifically enhanced color regions Detection of gaps in scanned image Image communication and database system Measuring an object by correlating displaced and simulated object images Multiple resolution machine readable symbols Using multiple predictor sets to compress image data having different portions Compressing and extending image signals Image processing method Image data filing system with image data modification facility Histogram/variance mechanism for detecting presence of an image edge Computerized system for joining individual maps into a single map product Determinating instantaneous / average blood flow rates from digital angiograms Image reconstruction using interpolated image reconstructed data Image coding utilizing separable transformations Fractal-based image compression and interpolation Detecting and quantifying motion of a body part Image processing for painting a memory with plural colors Document image filing system for furnishing additional managerial information for management of documents filed in the system Identifying a pair of groups in an image having a minimum separation distance Image processing method and apparatus therefor Optically determining the acceptability of products Identifying and quantifying oxides on rolled metal strip Constrained optimum matched illumination-reception radar Coherent correlation addition for increasing match information in scene matching navigation systems Visual pattern image coding Decomposing NMR images by chemical species Estimation of local surface geometry from relative range images Image processing system Detection of parallel edges in image processing Hybrid digital coding distinguishing motion pictures from still pictures Edit control system for use in an image processing apparatus Manipulating images in a video display Image joining method and apparatus Allocating core points of fingerprints Image processing for synthesizing binarized image data Suppresssing image artifacts in a magnetic resonance imaging apparatus --Computing the Radon transform of digital images Image processing system for documentary data Area discriminating system for an image processing system Method of capture and analysis of digitized image data Partitioned image processing system for an image device Resolution transforming raster-based imaging system (De)compressing signals using predicted and error images Interactive graphical search and replace utility for computer-resident synthetic graphic image editor Video-to-printing image resolution conversion Word processor utilizing image inputting means Image registration Graphics image editor Retrieving image data Sharpening prestack depth migration images by removing residual moveout from common image point gathers before stacking Computing tomographic scans Prioritized image transmission system and method Convolution filtering for decoding self-clocking glyph shape codes High resolution image compression methods and apparatus Processor for pattern data, measured process information and image information Picture element encoding Dynamically variable machine readable binary code and method for reading Blurring an image background and producing a visual flowing effect Object recognition system Video bond lead locator Obtaining 3D optical image formation from 2D radiation attenuation data Rule-based technique to automatically determine the final scan gain in storage phosphor radiography Medical image filing for registering images from many image output devices Data compression/decompression method, device and resulting data structure Generating gradation correction curve for correcting image gradation Image processing method Method of and apparatus for high speed editing of progressively encoded images Generating a binary representation of an image Adaptive transform coding of still images Detecting the number of persons Gray balance control system Feature extracting method Preparing picture masks and for digitizing line edges Method of and apparatus for extracting image contour data Recognizing apparatus Tabular document reader service Geometric pattern inspection employing intelligent imaged-pattern skrinking, expanding and processing to identify predetermined features and tolerances --Locating the amount field on a document Control apparatus of image filing system Hybrid coding system for moving image Compressing an image by approximating curves using a polynomial Image recognition edge detection method and system Automatic semiconductor package inspection method Image information code processing system Formation testing with digital image analysis Digital image documentation system Halftone rendering of a gray scale image using a blue noise mask Endoscope image filing system Enhancing the quality of both color and black and white images produced by inkjet and electrophotographic printers Motion compensated interframe encoding system with adaptive quantization Method to rotate a bitmap image 90 degrees Adaptive neural network image processing system Multiple screen frequency half-toning with one screen angle Image transmission system Method of and device for moving image contour recognition Moving object detecting system Processing a document by utilizing an image Coding an image High speed object location Method of and device for processing image Discriminating different kinds of image areas, using 2D orthogonal transforms Cell image processing method and apparatus therefor Extracting/combining change region in image corresponding to moving object Method of obtaining optimum threshold values Method of forming a 2D distribution image of ion concentration in a cell Manipulating image data employing an intermediate format Lossless compression and decompression of image data Image compression using interlocking digitate geometric sub-areas Pattern recognition utilizing area linking and region growth techniques Candidate article recognition with assignation of reference points and respective relative weights Image processing system having skew correcting means Image data compression using a run prediction technique Image coding method for extracting, segmenting and coding image contours Processing linework with electronic image processor Image processing for reducing visible roughness in contours Reducing digital image noise Judging the presence or absence of limited irradiation field Extracting contour of a subject image from an original Video image processing system Information processing displaying multiple windows and distinguishing indicia Computer image production system utilizing first and second networks for separately transferring control information and digital image data Cancelling ghosts from NMR images Ppreparing output data from input image data using patterns Processing image signals at a point of interest based on image curvature Compressing image signals Reading a document and processing the image Image processing method Video image processing --Finding fiducials on printed circuit boards to sub pixel accuracy Extracting design and layout information from an integrated circuit --Image-directed robotic surgery including redundant consistency checking Editing area setting in an image forming apparatus Fourier transforming 3D MR data in by using phase-correction in MRI Image processing apparatus Extracting edges and lines Recording regenerating record info comprising title and image information Reading a license plate Recognizing an irradiation field, and method for judging the correctness or incorrectness of prospective contour points of an irradiation field Transillumination for the diagnosis of breast tumors and other breast lesions Distortion reduction in projection imaging by manipulating Fourier transform --Method of orthogonal transform coding/decoding ------------------------------------------------------------------------ OPERATING SYSTEMS Method for controlling execution of host computer application programs through a second computer by establishing relevant parameters having variable time of occurrence and context Selecting printer drivers based on interpreters available on the printer Selectively aborting operation or waiting to load required data based upon user response to non-availability of network load device File characterization for computer operating and file management systems Integration of data between typed data structures by mutual direct invocation between data managers corresponding to data types Data saving system having counters as block content update identifiers --Multiprocessor operating system for notifying only those cache managers who are holders of shared locks on a designated page by global lock manager --System and method for shared latch serialization enhancement --Operating system message queues with recoverable shared virtual storage --CPU expansive gradation of I/O interruption subclass recognition Automatic printer data stream language determination Radix mapping with variable number of symbols in mapping period Detection of pattern-sensitive faults in RAM by use of M-sequencers --Linkage mechanism for program isolation Computer system Updating local copy of shared data in a collaborative system Distributed computer network for tracking the access path of a user --Managing an operating system definition of a dynamically modifiable I/O configuration --Scheduling input/output operations in multitasking systems Performing group exclusion in hierarchical group structures --Distributed data management mechanism for handling a data stream Command file processing and authorization with variable access levels --Remote procedure calls in heterogeneous systems Garbage collection system for a symbolic digital processor Networking computers having varying file architectures --Dynamically expanding and rapidly accessing file directories Software modules for testing computer hardware and software Universal memory loader verifier Partially running a sequence program for debugging Synchronized journaling system --Variable construct representation embedded in data stream which references definition for dynamically generating data Automatically monitoring copiers from a remote location Real-time adjustable-transform device driver for physical devices Multiprocessors which communicate with each other through shared memory --Loading a system reference diskette image from a system partition in a PC --Alternate processor continuation of task of failed processor --Generic initiators Consistent timestamping in distributed computer databases Automated concurrent data backup system Flexible real-time, multi-tasking architecture for tool condition monitoring System for transferring resident programs to virtual area and recalling for instant excution in memory limited DOS system using program control tables Loading application programs into a memory card reader having a microprocessor Calling interpreter language procedure from compiler language procedure --Initial BIOS load for a personal computer system Cross-domain call system in a capability based digital data processing system Real-time system with multitasking supervisor for building access control Critical task scheduling for real-time systems Interprocessor communication for a fault-tolerant, mixed redundancy distributed information processing system --Automated failure transmission of delivery message in a processing system Memory address space determination using programmable limit registers with single-ended comparators Multiple domain emulation with separate domain facilities which tests for emulated instruction exceptions before completion of operand fetch cycle On-line reconstruction of a failed redundant array system Job interrupt for electronic copying/printing machines Monitoring the execution time of a computer program Portable computer having an updatable table of starting addresses for accessing those stored programs having been previously executed Reducing the effect processor blocking Exclusive control system capable of simply locking each resource File accessing system using code name to access selected conversion table for converting simplified file name into original file name --Running applications concurrently/serially on different virtual machines --Data processing for file status recovery includes providing a log file of atomic transactions that may span both volatile and non volatile memory --Controlling cursor movements on certain computer workstations --Maintaining data availability after failure included denying access to others while completing by one of the microprocessor systems an atomic transaction changing a portion of the multiple copies of data Multimedia protocol interface for 64 kbit/s data flow Dynamic change of computer system and subsystem time-of-day clocks Link sorted memory --Centralized and distributed wait depth limited concurrency control --Redirecting information to alternate system console in response to the comparison of present and default system configuration in a PC Dispatching only to a selected high-use-priority task a maximum allocated and given highest-use-priority real-pages when requested --Computer system having mode independent addressing --Exploiting communications bandwidth as for providing shared memory --Making interconnected processors act like a single node in a multinode communication system --Virtual chains for session initiation in a distributed computer network Remote operating system having secure communication of encoded messages and automatic re-synchronization Management of an application program loaded in a microcircuit medium Application program memory management system Virtual machine resetting store indicating that virtual machine processed interrupt without virtual machine control program intervention Processor with hierarchical memory and using meta-instructions for software control of loading, unloading and execution of machine instructions stored in the cache --Selectively reclaiming a portion of RAM in a personal computer system Server impersonation of client processes in an object based operating system Apparatus and method for providing decoupling of data exchange details for providing high performance communication between software processes Buffered disk unit and method of transferring data therein --Computer-controlled optimized pairing of disk units Simulating block transfer with slave module incapable of block transfer by locking bus for multiple individual transfers --Interrupt handling for a computer with logical devices and interrupt reset Cache affinity scheduler Providing backup process control Method of controlling the reception of data Error tracking in a multitasking environment --Dynamically adaptive environment for computer programs Deleting prioritized data stored in second memory after all the data has been successfully transferred to first memory --Problem analysis of a node computer with assistance from a central site Microprocessor information exchange with updating of messages by asynchronous processors using assigned and/or available buffers in dual port memory --I/O buffers having the ability to change size to meet system requirements Printer dynamic job recovery in an electronic reprographic printing system Access control subsystem and method for distributed computer system using compound principals Performing quality logic tests on data processing systems by sequentially loading test microinstruction programs and operating microinstruction programs into a single control store --Enhanced data formats and machine operations for enabling error correction Error detection method and apparatus for processor having main storage Method of searching a queue in response to a search instruction --Dynamically changing a system I/O configuration definition System for dynamic selection of globally-determined optimal data path Providing redundancy of a high speed pulse input I/O processor Computer controlled optimized pairing of disk units Dynamically allocating main memory to facilitate swapping of terminate and stay resident communication program to increase available memory space Controlling task operation of slave processor by switching access to shared memory banks by master processor Programmable controller generating plural alternating clocks with each clock controlling different parts of instruction sequencing mechanism --Translating a dynamic transfer control instruction address in a simulated CPU processor Coordinating informational storage and retrieval Automatic hard disk bad sector remapping --Determining correctness and contents of control data structures in moving media data storage systems Wireless facsimile computer system Controlling devices through communication processors and pluralities of address-associated device controllers sharing each communication processor Memory card system and access method for memory card --Dynamic creation of data stream based upon system parameters and operator selections Self-configuration of nodes in a distributed message-based operating system Matching the software command language of a computer with the printer language of a printer Effecting multiple error correction in a computer memory File backup for producing a backup copy of a file updated during backup Controlling power to device in a computer system Method and system for allocating file area in memory area of IC card --Multilevel locking system and method Microprocessor inverse processor state usage Controlling data transfer buffer Performance evaluation of a large scale programmable machine capable of having a plurality of terminals attached thereto System test apparatus for verifying operability Real time status monitoring system Page printer memory allocation Efficient non-virtual main memory management --Storing data in and retrieving data from non-main storage virtual data space --Generic error recovery Testing computer hardware and software Synchronous communication between execution environments in a data processing system employing an object-oriented memory protection mechanism Disk timing diagnostic Updating software at remote locations --Background memory test during system startup Error transition mode for multi-processor system Logical event notification method and apparatus Computer system with emulation mechanism Reference and change table storage system for virtual memory data processing system having a plurality of processors accessing common memory Inhibiting an executable program in a disk operating system by replacing the program with an unexecutable program Computer in which data home is changeable in any mode Cooperatively executing programs by sequentially sending a requesting message to serially connected computers Self documenting record of instrument activity and error messages stamped with date and time of occurrence Prepaid card processing device Method of handling errors in software --Nonvolatile memory management in a data processing network --Directory cache management in a distributed data processing system Transferring arguments between object programs by switching address modes according to mode identifying flag Data storage format for addressable or sequential memory data Mode-selectable integrated disk drive for computer Local area network device startup process Control of asynchronous program interrupt events in a data processing system --Interface for independently establishing a link and transmitting high level commands including logical addresses from dedicated microprocessor to shared intelligent memory Servicing interrupts utilizing a pending bus --Procedure call interface Remapping defects in a storage system through the use of a tree structure Remote bootstrapping a node over communication link by initially requesting remote storage access program which emulates local disk Recognizing program constitution within a distributed processing system by collecting constitution messages generated by different processors Document editing apparatus which activates application programs in response to document data input Data transfer checking system --Controlling access by first system to portion of main memory dedicated exclusively to second system to facilitate input/output processing Computer memory management method using segmentation and protection techniques Loading an operating system through a network Collecting execution status data of structured program Virtual network for personal computers High performance memory imaging network for a real time process control system --System for interconnecting applications across different networks --Dispatching work requests in a data storage hierarchy Method of checking test program in duplex processing apparatus Licensing software on a network of computers --Decreasing the memory requirements for BIOS in a personal computer system --Inactivation of program exits of an application program while the system program is running Generating an operating system by a static link-editor Office automation with specific task assignment among workstations Message storage security system Arrangement for reserving and allocating a plurality of competing demands for an ordered bus communication network Enacting failure of a 1:1 redundant pair of processors System for recovering failure of online control program with another current online control program acting for failed online control program --Computer with capability to automatically initialize in a first operating system of choice and reinitialize in a second operating system Computer and reconfiliation method and apparatus --Sequentially processing data in a cached data storage system Method and system for outputting program change effect information to a user --Automated process delay within a data processing system Solid state disk drive emulation Method of polling to determine service needs and the like --Creating virtual disks from non-contiguous groups of logically contiguous addressable blocks of direct access storage devices --Monitoring transient data structures in a computer system --Intercommunicating between applications and a database manager Computer network with shared memory using bit maps including flags to indicate reserved memory areas and task status Object container transfer in an object based computer operating system Method of using the memory in a information processing system of the virtual addressing type, and apparatus for performing the method Interface register handshaking for controlling devices --Simulating the I/O of a processing system --Loading a system reference diskette image from a system partition in a PC Manufacturing or service system allocating resources to associated demands by comparing time ordered arrays of data Dynamic predictive keyboard Search technique for identifying slaves devices connected to a serial bus Context switching of devices Virtual storage type computer system --Allowing the transmission of electronic messages between enrolled and unenrolled users of computer systems Object oriented control of real-time processing Method of resetting sequence of access to extended memory disrupted by interrupt processing in 80286 compatible system using code segment register Virtual memory paging apparatus with variable size in-page clusters Computer command input unit giving priority to frequently selected commands Executing programs within expanded memory of a MS or PC DOS computer system Interprocessor communications includes second CPU designating memory locations Method and system of hierarchical assistance --Help provision in a data processing system --First processor inserting hooks into software and sending unique identifications to output bus and second processor associating data frames and time with these unique identifications Read channel optimization system Application address display window mapper for a sharable MS-DOS processor --Method of monitoring the bring up of all units in a multiple system from a remote unit including diagnostic testing --Memory manager for hierarchical graphic structures Joint Surveillance Target Attack Radar System (JSTARS) Mechanism for fail-over notification Multi-transaction batch processing Loading a program in an external storage device connected to one bus into a memory connected to a different bus Printer control system Optimizing data transmissions associated with addressable buffer devices Detection and recovery from an NVM data integrity failure System for performing dump analysis I/O execution method for virtual machine system and system therefor Translating data between memories Testing apparatus Private regions within a shared workspace Address translating method for translating virtual address to real address with specified address register to allow bypass of translation steps System for producing memory maps by interpreting a descriptor file which identifies and describes the data structures present in memory Digital computer using data structure including external reference arrangement Data redundancy and recovery protection Virtual memory page table paging apparatus and method Bus-based priority arbitration system with optimum code words Generating and validating a digital message and application of such a device Operations monitoring system Generating a monitor program for monitoring text streams and executing actions when pre-defined patterns are matched using an English to Awk translator Virtual machine system having a plurality of real instruction processors and virtual machines, and a registration table Graphically indicating routing and time relationships between process jobs Performing system fault diagnosis Automatic control of a discrete system with redundancy management and prioritized conflict resolution --Interfacing computer application programs written in different languages to a software system On-line system which mainly executes regular jobs including apparatus for efficiently executing both regular jobs and irregular jobs Dispatch control of virtual machine Locking mechanism for the prevention of race conditions Transferring information from one memory area to another memory area --Transaction processing facility within an operating system environment --Virtual address range mapping in a virtual storage data processing system Monitoring operating state of devices according to their degree of importance Passing data parameters between a calling program and a called subroutine in a command analysis table of a computer stored data base system Selectively loading bootable files to control apparatus based upon the corresponding bootable attributes --Exchanging electronic calendars based on entries and classification among users of the system Preemptive constraint control Identifying likely failure points in a digital data processing system Management of an electronic memory using predetermined homogeneous units Fault tolerant computer backup system Evaluating and predicting I/O performance using I/O workload snapshots Real time, concurrent garbage collection system and method Data processing emulation in a window with a coprocessor and I/O emulation Virtual machine file control system which translates block numbers into virtual addresses then into real addresses for accessing main storage --Managing a data cache using virtual external storage addresses as arguments Round-robin protocol method for arbitrating access to a shared bus arbitration providing preference to lower priority units after bus access by a higher priority unit --Methods of remapping a keyboard within a computer system Method of operating a data processing system Benchmarking the working set of window-based computer systems Fault tolerant system employing majority voting Real time fault tolerant transaction processing system Arrangement for determining switch port status at an adjunct processor Saving and restoring critical files on the disk memory of an State controlled device driver for a real time computer control system ------------------------------------------------------------------------ NETWORKING and COMMUNICATIONS Service name to network address translation in communications network Monitoring the status of a local area network --Efficiently simulating dynamic behavior of a data communications network --Message queue processing among cooperative processors having significant speed differences --Combining dissimilar computing networks into a single logical network --Compensating mismatched transport protocols in a data communications network Network control system and method Communication system network that includes full duplex conference calling --Process and apparatus for managing network event counters Communication control system and communication control apparatus Dynamic RF communication resource access by roving mobile units --Locating a node containing a requested resource and for selectively verifying the presence of the resource at the node System for providing personalized telephone calling features Bridge apparatus --Data transmission with link problem determination aid support for all ports Method and apparatus for propagating a network profile Control for copying machines with improved communication function for centralized control unit Dynamic routing system for a multinode communications network Node unit and communications method for local area network Interprocessor switching network Searching for alternate path in communication network Networking computers and/or computer networks and networking systems ASCII to ASCII transfer using FAX protocol --Message stripping protocol for a communication network Setting up virtual connections in switching equipment by ATM Efficient distributed data communications network backbone node location Radio channel allocation based on location of mobile users Fault finder expert system Interconnecting local area networks Automatic path map generation for simulcast transmission system Private network with means for establishing virtual tie trunks between PBXS through ISDN public network Interactive telephone operator terminal --Distributed queue multiple access in a communication system Facsimile apparatus OSI data communication for dealing with abstract syntaxes which are and are not preliminarily negotiated Interconnection system and method for heterogeneous networks ISDN terminal equipment with circuit switching mode and packet switching mode Structuring and managing human communications by explicitly defining the types of communications permitted between participants Fault tolerant networking architecture Interactive computer conferencing Driving a service function unit of a multi-function telephone set Automatic call distribution by matching required skills with agents skills Arrangement for outbound telecommunications Creating and assigning address codes in a cellular spread spectrum system Franking machine Exchanging data within a digital communications system Computer network operating with multilevel hierarchical security with selectable common trust realms and corresponding security protocols Network management method and system Personal electronic directory Control method and apparatus for computer network system Displaying network communication configuration after searching the network EDI translation system using plurality of communication processes and de-enveloping procedure corresponding to transmitted communication process --Authenticating users of a communication system to each other Communication terminal and control method with party identification features Public telephone network including a distributed imaging system Adaptive VCP control in integrated services networks Restricting access within a wireless local area network --Expert system method for performing window protocol-based data flow analysis within a data communication network Access assignment in a DAMA communication system Switching method having subscriber state management function Multiple call control method in a multimedia conferencing system Network management system with group naming Delay-based congestion avoidance in computer networks Integrated services platform for telephone communication system Integrated group insurance information processing and reporting system based upon an enterprise-wide data structure Communication protocol for digital telemetry system Rormatting variable length data packets for a transmission network Controlling call processing based upon load constraints Route guidance system for providing a mobile station with optimum route data in response to guidance request together with base station data indicative of an identification of a base station The billing of value-added communications call Communication device for layered protocols Paging system with local channel lists Interactive telephone gaming system Automatic discovery of network elements Multi-optional processing, storing, transmitting and retrieving graphical and tabular data in a mobile transportation distributable and/or networkable communications and/or data processing system Authenication of rekey messages in a communication system Transparent signalling for remote terminals Enhanced ISDN 800 service Generalized telecommunications customer signaling arrangement Switching system using identical switching nodes Program transmission system and method Cell messaging process for an in-vehicle traffic congestion information system Call tagging user information in a telephonic environment Packet switching system Determining multiple interference in a mobile radio system --Problem analysis of a node computer with assistance from a central site High speed data compression and transmission for WANs in LAN bridges Association of LAN station addresses with a repeater port Controlling a multi-point matrix switch Self-healing bidirectional logical-ring network using crossconnects Optimizer for a parameter-dependent network system Information network Network message security method and apparatus Electronic mail system with means to transmit data to a plurality of recipients without user intervention Transaction approval system Method of establishing an inverse pilot-sequence for deinterleaving as used in digital transmission Determining transmission line for message transmission/reception in a network Communicating price changes including printer and display Registering a unit in a network, one part of which is from an open channel Multiple access method Matrix error correction for digital data Host network communication with transparent connection devices Adaptive routing of messages in parallel and distributed processor systems Packet communication processing method --Nested frame communication protocol Transmitting a digital broadband signal in a tributary unit concatenation via a network of a synchronous digital multiplex hierarchy Transferring messages between nodes in a network Communications network dynamic addressing arrangement Data channel scheduling discipline arrangement method Multiple access protocol Adaptive pathfinding neural network for a packet communication system Transmit queue with loadsheding Terminal device session management protocol --Establish and enforce network cryptographic security policy with public keys Telecommunication display system Bandwidth seizing in integrated services network Distributing messages through a mapping table which includes for each originating device a sequential list of corresponding destination devices Processing / prioritizing alarms from devices on data communications networks Communication system using a fault tolerant protocol --Data transmission using a modified high level data link control protocol Dynamic window sizing in a data network Communications network arranged to transport connection oriented and connectionless methods Exchange route decision system and method --Secure and private communication in a triple-connected network Communication system having a varied communication resource grant channel usage requirement Synchronous network Communication system to communication system communication system Expert system for communications network Ring transmission system Transparent communication of control information through a switching network Providing network service in a communication service Station-to-station full duplex communication in a token ring LAN Adaptive token release mechanism for ring networks Service provision authentication protocol Chaos router system Tracking sequence numbers in packet data communication system Inter-LAN connection apparatus and Inter-LAN connection method Local area network device startup process Key distribution communication system Using redundant links in bridged networks --Authentication protocols in communications networks Remote bootstrapping a node over communication link by initially requesting remote storage access program which emulates local disk Reduced time remote access method and system Intercomputer communication control apparatus and method Loading an operating system through a network --System for interconnecting applications across different networks Routing of network traffic using discrete traffic measurement data Protocol selector and protocol selection method Token associated data network communications protocol Star local-area network system Communication system Reconfiguration method for high-speed mesh connected LAN Session control in network which supports multiple transfer protocols Dynamic graphical analysis of network data Memory management system and method for network controller Learning and filtering destination and source addresses in a LAN Network transit prevention Backup computer program for networks --Interprocess communication queue location transparency --Communications network data compression control system and method Transmitting encoded data on unreliable networks Synchronizing a wide area network without global synchronizing High speed transport protocol with two windows Method of managing traffic flows in a wideband integrated services digital network, and a network for implementing the method Communication terminal apparatus, and communication method Traffic flow control and call set-up in multi-hop broadband networks Updating link state information in networks Selective call signalling system --Implementing to a packet switch protocol for a multinode data network System for routing messages in a vertex symmetric network by using addresses formed from permutations of the transmission line indicees System for circulating serially an electronic, non-interchangeable, unique, route package from sender to selected recipients Access controller for local area network Apparatus and protocol for local area network The through-connection of multiplex signals via cross connectors Data transmission optimizer including device-specific attribute elimination Dual master implied token communication system Network control system for dynamically switching a logical connection between an identified terminal device and an indicated processing unit Duration limited statistical multiplexing in packet networks Input/output system implementing several access paths for rerouting data Packet switch communication network using packet having virtual channel identifier Routing method and system Providing an efficient and adaptive management of message routing in a multi-platform and apparatus communication system Data transmission control processing system Method and system for routing packets in a packet communication network Communication architecture for high speed networking Switching system reliability Encoding an email address in a fax message and routing the fax message to a destination on a network Assigning telecommunications channels in a cellular telephone system Localization of defective stations in local area networks Recognizing addresses of information packets Local computer participating in mail delivery system abstracts from directory of all eligible mail recipients only served by local computer Distributed computer network with network and resource status monitoring --Self configuring terminal which polls loop network and generates a list of connected devices for use in selectively downloading control programs --Node initiating XID exchanges over an activated link including an exchange of sets of binding signals between nodes for establishing sessions Automated documentation system for a communication network System in which workstations support the basic electronic data process Secure system for activating personal computer software at remote locations Wide area trunked channel busy override --Patient care communication system Real-time network routing Realtime monitoring of network sessions in a LAN Securing remote terminal and remote terminal program Teleconferencing with bridge partitioning and other features Symbol detection and error correction coding in a LAN Transferring data through a network of intelligent control stations using decentralized control techniques Efficient flexible special service call processing Message routing system for shared communication media networks Measuring inter-nodal transmission delays in a communications network --System using independent attribute lists to show status of shared mail object among respective users Distributed protocol for improving the survivability of telecommunications trunk networks Routing system to interconnect LANs Routing communications among computer networks Communications system ingress and egress arrangement Data communication process and apparatus for data transmission in blocks Reliable broadcast of information in a wide area network Communication network system having a plurality of different protocol LAN's Master-slave-type control system with stand-by suspending control station High speed transport protocol Flow control of messages in a local area network Network topology control method and apparatus Interconnect network for printing press system forming a star network Interchanging messages in real time between stations interconnected by a loop ------------------------------------------------------------------------ PROCESS CONTROL and NUMERICAL CONTROL Numerical control device with rational B-spline interpolator Embroidery data processing apparatus Intelligence testing device Weight driven kiln control Data analysis for industrial process control systems Control and supervisory system for power distribution equipment Apparatus and methods for baggage reconciliation and location Performing simultaneous control of control axes of a machine tool Device for controlling the operation of machines, particularly textile machines, able to self-learn the operating cycle of these latter and to correct its own errors during this self-learning stage System for implementing a PC computer configuration system for assembling and mounting of a complex product in situ Network programmable logic controller system with ladder editor and parallel and synchronous logic and I/O scanning Packaging sequence determining method On-line process control neural network using data pointers Method for data transformation Interactive control for can end systems Numerical control system for irregular pocket milling Control method in programmable controller Process gas distribution system and method with supervisory control Computer control system and method for sorting articles on a conveyor Coordinate system correcting apparatus for machine tool Reducing cross-coupled movement through the structural dynamics of a computer numerically controlled machine Using fuzzy logic to determine the number of passengers entering and exiting an elevator car Method for judging a color difference using rules fuzzy inference Displaying a figure on a cathode ray tube of a numerical control system Cash register transmitting cooking initiation instructions to a kitchen at suitable times for serving articles of a meal in a desired sequence Optimization of process/property/compositional parameters Means and method for non-contact bar code label verification Core predictions for qualitative physics Segmented asynchronous operation of an automated assembly line Involute interpolation speed control system Pattern inspection system for inspecting defect of land pattern for through-hole on printed board Correcting error on involute interpolation Identifying discrete data representative of an input sample stream Automatic test generation for model-based real-time fault diagnostic systems Compound control method for controlling a system Electronic component mounting apparatus On-line training neural network system for process control Flexible real-time, multi-tasking architecture for tool condition monitoring --Measurement of manufacturing technician efficiency Failure diagnostics, wearout monitoring and predicting life expectancy of helicopter gearboxes and other rotating equipment Automatic leak detection apparatus for process fluids from production and/or research plants, in particular energy plants Automated evaluation of painted surface quality Determining position and orientation of mechanical objects Sorting and stacking reusable cartons Analyzing panel misregistration in a panel manufacturing process and providing appropriate information for adjusting panel manufacturing processes Monitoring synchronous blade vibration Graphic display method for numerical controller Control system for automated parametric test equipment NC sentence creation system Adaptable electric monitoring and identification system Contour compensation method for numerically controlled machines Externally extended type programmable controller Dynamic assumption ordering for qualitative physics Material consolidation modeling and control system Automated management system for car frames and production method Recording and diagnosing faults in an electronic reprographic printing system Computer aided design system Interactive plant monitoring system System for flexibly sorting particles Numerical control method for correcting machine tool path errors Semi-automated insertion of conductors into harness connectors Software controllable circuit for resolver excitation switching in a motion control system Control apparatus for setting a recording format for a recording apparatus Interpolation method in automatic programming Method of forming a carved sign using an axially rotating carving tool --Quality measure driven process control Programmable controller with multiple priority level task processing Problem state monitoring Adjusting the shape of a running band-like or plate-like metal material in the width direction Automatic determination of parameters for process control systems with unknown transfer behavior, in particular for control systems for spot welding Refrigeration control and display Control system with two level sensor system --Engineering and manufacturing change control mechanism Continuous monitoring of process variables of varying grades of products within a process control system Fare card read-writer which overwrites oldest or invalid data Automatic control system for IC engine fuel injection Video imaging technique used in bagging assembly Ellipse interpolation control method by an NC-device System for checking tool breakages on a machining center Intelligent machining workstation operating logic Embroidery data preparing apparatus Embroidery data preparing apparatus Machine failure isolation using qualitative physics --Automated visual analysis of electronic component leads prior to placement Collecting data by a manufacturing process manager from a plurality of programmable logic controllers Maintaining plant operation procedures Determining the volume, form and weight of objects Computerized fertilizer injection system Cooperative operation system for numerical control apparatus Program control for an industrial robot for automatic coating of workpieces Multiple-material processing system start-up Injection molding controller with controlled variable learning Digitizing control apparatus Monitoring and maintaining an optimum balance between the main phases of a multi-phase multiple local local electrical distribution system Spindle control command method Ultrasonic inspection and imaging instrument Distributing print jobs among a network of image processors and print engines Detecting, classifying and quantifying defects in optical fiber end faces Printer dynamic job recovery in an electronic reprographic printing system Substation load distribution monitor system Collation of a streaked pattern at a high speed Method of creating NC data for hole machining Assembly line balancer Method of and apparatus for generating control program Analyzing a production line in a production system Distributed multiple irrigation controller management system Numerical control method Fuzzy inference thermocontrol for injection molding machine with PID control Automated method of classifying optical fiber flaws Food preparation system and method Automatic programming method Determining control parameters of plants Reactor core monitoring system and method Paper machine controller for operating slices Controlling the release of jobs from a pool of pending jobs into a factory Work positioning method and apparatus Methods for set up and programming of machine and process controllers Diagnostics system for use with a recording apparatus Subscriber electric power load control system Determining surface characteristics using infrared imaging Automated selection of high traffic intensity algorithms for up-peak period Programmable controller generating plural alternating clocks with each clock controlling different parts of instruction sequencing mechanism On-line process control neural network using data pointers Production line fault management Optically determining the acceptability of products Stroke end checking apparatus for machine tool of numerical control Solder joint location Method of setting NC data output format Analytical development and verification of control-intensive systems Remote downloading and uploading of motion control program information to and from a motion control I/O module in a programmable controller Software engine having an adaptable driver for interpreting variable produced by a plurality of sensors Method of and apparatus for measuring pattern profile Hierarchical process control system and method Method of forming automatic machine operation program Optimization of multiple-fuel fired boilers using iterated linear programming Determining the tool path in a plane zone operation Part program execution for converting a part program to numerical control data Providing a 3 state database for use with automatic optical inspection systems Filling the valve quantity memory of a franking machine Aircraft traffic alert and collision avoidance device Rough machining NC data creation method Car body assembling line control Set-up optimization for flexible manufacturing systems --Manufacturing process optimizations NC data execution method Numerical control method Setting analysis condition for thermal analysis of a fluid inside an apparatus Generating cutting passes of complex curved surface Inspecting conductive pattern on printed board Automated transformation of gray level of image Numerical control system providing graphic machining simulation Expert system and method for batch production scheduling and planning Breakdown diagnosing method of production line Adaptive release apply algorithm Judging whether conditions are satisfied by using a network having a plurality of nodes representing the conditions Optically determining the acceptability of products Identifying and quantifying oxides on rolled metal strip Inspecting conductive pattern on printed board Test run control method High performance memory imaging network for a real time process control system Neural network supervisory process control system and method Converting a programmable logic controller hardware configuration and corresponding control program for use on a first programmable logic controller to use on a second programmable logic controller Modeling a factory with human operators and validating the model Computerized numerical control method Providing numerical control data for inspecting printed circuit boards Performance control apparatus and method in a processing plant Spacecraft attitude and velocity control system Securing access to a ladder logic programming and monitoring system Circuit board testing with controlled backdrive stress Displaying segments of a ladder diagram which turn on an operator display Nonferrous extrusion process control system Self-learning memory unit for process controller and self-updating function generator NC program drawing method Video bond lead locator User interactive expert machine controller Remote diagnosis system of numerical control apparatus Remotely controlling sensor processing algorithms to expert sensor diagnoses Computer generated tool path interference check method Remote terminal industrial control communication system Producing NC programs using menu icons to define operations Neural network / expert system process control system and method Verifying microcircuit fabrication procedure --Selective suspension and resumption of computer manufacturing processes On-line plant operating procedure guidance system Controlling a process using a trained parallel distributed processing network Geometric pattern inspection employing intelligent imaged-pattern skrinking, expanding and processing to identify predetermined features and tolerances Expert control system for real time management of automated factory equipment Malfunction diagnosis method Saving and performing industrial control commands Selecting inputs for a PC in which a ladder program is simulated Computerized system for display and storage of materials batching information Paint-out shape display used in a numerical control apparatus Process control using neural networks Managing production line processes Generating a tool course for a cutting tool Determining a machining method in numerical control data generating apparatus Involute interpolation error correction system Simulating the process of a workpiece Plant diagnostic method Method of controlling machining speed on involute interpolation High-speed machining method Determining machining in numerical control information generating function Evaluation method of flow analysis on molding of a molten material Sequence controller Numerical control apparatus Profile revising method Method of sequence control Nonlinear multivariable control system Automatic plant diagnosis system including a display selection system for selecting displays responsive to the diagnosis Guaranteed data store in redundant controllers of a process control system --Finding fiducials on printed circuit boards to sub pixel accuracy Setting-up rolling mill roll gaps Testing and inspection of products made on a production assembly line Process control with guard band and fault limit Determining level of bulk and control thereof Correcting tool feed rate in numerical control system Path planning with transition changes Diagnostic system Associating text in automatic diagnostic system to produce recommended actions automatically Acquiring, calculating and displaying representations of test data sequences Self-optimizing method and machine Process control validation ------------------------------------------------------------------------ GRAPHICS Multi-dimensional graphing in two-dimensional space Color registration test pattern Inside/out perspective format for situation awareness displays Trimming B-spline descriptions of patches in a 3D graphics system Translating a plurality of printer page description languages Digital halftoning with selectively applied dot-to-dot error diffusion Production of second-generation camera-original control tool photographies via photography of digitally-generated transparency of an original scene Displaying the state of an artificial neural network Schedule displaying device Image color modification in a computer-aided design system Pixel interpolation in perspective space Method and apparatus for displaying translucent surface --Method and apparatus for visualization of iso-valued surfaces Method for displaying a portion of the body Ideographic teletext transmissions Reducing bit error rates in reading self-clocking glyph codes Image color correction system and method Video image creation system which proportionally mixes previously created image pixel data with currently created data Animation producing apparatus Producing a specified format output image from an arbitrary format source image Digital halftoning with correlated minimum visual modulation patterns Visual display of the attitude of an aircraft for aiding piloting in space Displaying graphical data received from a remote computer by a local computer --Pre-drawing pick detection in a graphics display system Generating a display utilizing objects in an object list Preparing data representative of supplemental figure attached to basic figure reproduced on output medium Video image display for predicting color hardcopy image quality Graphic image drawing device Flight phase information display for aircraft passengers Continuously scrolling large scale picture Offline editing system Color analysis based upon transformation to spherical coordinates Graphic display method for numerical controller Drawing lines in a graphics system Displaying thick line and information unit and display system Dynamic algorithm selection for volume rendering, isocontour and body extraction in a MIMD multiprocessor Generating multi-level character Dithering graphic images Electronic apparatus for the laser imprinting of screen-process printing stencils and the like Locally switching gray dot types to reproduce images with gray level printing Color processing with neural networks Dropout-free center point fill method for displaying characters Control system for a fine pattern printing apparatus Text information processing apparatus having printer Multimedia protocol interface for 64 kbit/s data flow Apparatus for and method of creating delivery route maps Automatic generation of look-up tables for requested patterns and colors Producing a visually improved image in a computer system Radar simulation for use with a visual simulator Efficiently allocating computer resource for real time image generation Optimal discrete rendering of images Arrangement for displaying on a display volumetric data Antialiasing apparatus and method for computer printers Producing perception of quality grayscale shading on digital displays --Multi-processor graphics display for displaying hierarchical data structures Painting on a computer Producing a video display Representing 3D color data in a 1D reference system Recognizing overlapped graphics in each degree of overlapping thereof Generating a texture mapped perspective view Computerized color matching Graphic display method --Converting tracedata from processors executing in parallel to graphical form Color separation in ink jet color graphics printing Changing characters in an image User definable font substitutions with equivalency indicators Apparatus and methods for digital halftoning Matching the software command language of a computer with the printer language of a printer Telecommunication display system Dithering of antialiased vectors --Generating graphical output Expediting the rendering of figures in a move-draw language --Adaptively providing near Phong grade shading for patterns in a graphics display system Fast and efficient search method for graphical data --Boundary drawing and area filling logic for a display system --Pipelined parallel rasterization Storage and retrieval of images from a grey image having artifically enhanced color regions Recording/reproducing mesh pattern data Mapping character color attributes into grey pixel patterns Mapping of color images to black-and-white textured images Multiple resolution machine readable symbols Electronic brush generation Fixed point method of video display scaling --Enhanced visualization using translucent contour surfaces --Animation processor method and apparatus Numerical control system providing graphic machining simulation Computerized system for joining individual maps into a single map product Slanting a font while inserting corrective pixels to improve print quality Generating patterns based on outline data Image processing for painting a memory with plural colors Managing graphic images --Generating a circular or elliptic arc on a digital display Manipulatable orientation for a translatable graphic object Bit mapped color cursor Graphic data searching and storing method Method of shaping a graphics image Supporting a plurality of color maps in a display Digital map generator and display system Graphic data conversion method Displaying color on an output device using dithering techniques Dynamic graphical analysis of network data Pixel rendering Textile color design simulating apparatus System for selectively extracting display data Interactive graphical search and replace utility for computer-resident synthetic graphic image editor Operating a real-time expert system in a graphical programming environment Merged texts and graphics printing method Obtaining output-adjusted color separations Digital color representation --Presenting compressed electronic day calendar data --Cursor control of scrolling movements on certain computer workstations --Specifying 3D reference points in 2D graphic displays Graphics image editor Simplified menu inputting for a pen plotter Displaying radar data NC program drawing method Eliminating hidden faces for synthesis of a three dimensional wire image Machine interface with cyclically displayed hierarchical menus and user selection of menu items by actuation of a single switch Generating digital, angled halftone screens using pixel candidate lists and screen angle correction to prevent moire patterns --Three dimensional graphic display with user defined vanishing point Creating and displaying navigators for guiding to related image information Rendering anti-aliased polygons 3D octree-encoded objects and device for the application of this method Front-end system for a raster output scanner Line rasterization technique for a non-gray scale, anti-aliasing Moving target imaging synthetic aperture radar Processing and displaying multivariate time series data Generating a plurality of parameters of an object in a field of view System for reading and displaying an edit-processed DNA pattern Setting the contrast of a color video picture in a computer controlled photographic film analyzing system Processing half tone images to improve efficiency of data compression Optimum matched illumination waveform design process --Memory manager for hierarchical graphic structures --Computer-based, audio/visual creation and presentation system and method Real time digital video animation using compressed pixel mappings Forming a computer generated hologram --Color mapping system and method Graphics-assisted terminal administration arrangement Method of drawing a cubic view Full speed animation system for low-speed computers and method Labelling polygons Rendering of geometric volumes Colorizing black and white documents Computer-generated autostereography method and apparatus --Virtual display adapter Method of setting drawing parameters for an XY plotter Graphics program adaptor Interactive video control system for displaying user-selectable clips Raster scanning engine driver which independently locates engine drive signal transistors within each cell area Flattening three dimensional surfaces Graphic reproduction method Apparatus for converting character outline data into dot data Displaying and integrating commercial advertisements with computer software Color selection Method and facility for dynamic video composition and viewing Graphically indicating routing and time relationships between process jobs Conversion of outline characters to bitmap characters Printer controlling apparatus Graphics workstation for creating graphics data structure which are stored retrieved and displayed by a graphics subsystem for competing programs The computing and imaging of views of an object Drawing wide lines in a raster graphics system Data displaying apparatus with novel graphic position and ratio display means Graphic file directory and spreadsheet Smoothing method and apparatus for smoothing contour of character Adaptive scaling for decoding periodic self-clocking glyph shape codes High-speed image rendering method using look-ahead images Color normalization process Computer graphics hidden surface removal system Graphically representing and manipulating data stored in databases Hidden line and surface removal in a three dimensional display hidden surface removal Applying a shadowing operation to figures drawn for displaying on CRT-display --Language bindings for graphics functions to enable one application program to be used in different processing environments Elimination of contouring on displayed gray level images Video image motion data generator for computer graphics Graphics display data manipulation Real-time rasterization for a column-oriented printing apparatus Quick three-dimensional display ------------------------------------------------------------------------ GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACES Interface and application development based on a gene metaphor Producing form display with blank fields and inputing data to the blank fields --Incrementally changing window size on a display Interactive video-audio-computer open architecture operation --Simultaneous update and change in parent and child windows Capturing information in drawing or writing System for choosing between operation modes in a data processing system by interacting with a displayed multinodal hierarchal figure Correlating user preferences with a T.V. program information database Ideographical character signalling system --Enabling a blind computer user to handle message boxes in a user interface Form generating method and apparatus Exercising diagnostic functionality in product extensions Customizing a user interface in an integrated environment --System for testing a performance of user interactive-commands using an emulator-overlay for determining the progress of the user timing response Data input interface for handicapped persons responsive to multiple push buttons for selecting data stored in binary tree Script/binary-encoded-character processing with moving space insertion mode Information search terminal and system System for editing document containing audio information Offline editing with user interface for controlling edit list generation Method and apparatus for data acquisition Multi-backspace key system for keyboard operation Editing data by limiting current operations according to previous operations Interactive automated mapping system --Direct manipulation of icons via conversational linking Interactive transit information system --Cursor for LCD displays Team trainer Data-handling and display system capable of supporting multiple application programs and output devices Encoding and decoding Chinese characters Automatically selecting among a plurality of input modes --Menu system for informing which past selections have caused disabled actions Representing bordered areas of a generic form with records Multimedia interface and method for computer system Offline editing system Sound editing system using visually displayed control line for altering specified characteristic of adjacent segment of stored waveform Automatic determination of operator training level for displaying appropriate operator prompts --Application independent (open) hypermedia enablement services Sequential information controller User interface system having programmable user interface elements Diagnosis of malfunctions and set-up of a reproduction machine Interactive intelligent interface --Controlling cursor movements on certain computer workstations Image hand markup detection using morphological techniques Vector calculator apparatus for graphic waveform manipulation --Combined keyboard and mouse entry Inputting simplified form and/or original complex form of Chinese character --Constructing selection cursors on dependent workstations Intelligent scrolling Telephone with user friendly interface and enhanced integrity features Multipurpose computerized television Cursor display control method and apparatus in a graphic display system Display method in software development support system Digital signal processing system employing icon displays Multi-window control system Cursor shift speed control system Voice interactive computer system Interactive multimedia presentation and communications system Interactively manipulating mathematical equations Intelligent machining workstation operating logic Acquisition, storage and display of colored geographical maps Symbol definition apparatus --Virtual graphics display for presenting icons and windows to the blind user Multi-optional processing, storing, transmitting and retrieving graphical and tabular data in a mobile transportation distributable and/or networkable communications and/or data processing system Method of substituting fonts and displaying characters Reproduction apparatus with improved operator interactive display for use in job set-up Multi-screen setting condition display system 3D stereo integrated attitude director and horizontal situation indicator An air traffic control system --User interface customization apparatus --Panel definition language for computer display --Three dimensional directional pointer icon --Help provision in a data processing system 3-tier menu system Storing, transmitting and retrieving graphical and tabular data Multi-dimensional analysis/display for large volume of record items TCAS view display format with horizontal trend Touch panel and method of controlling same Dynamic adjustment of filter weights for digital tablets Three-dimensional display apparatus Computer assisted instructional delivery system and method Electronic information retrieval for image information Detector system for object movement in a game Method of printing leaflets, catalogs or the like Redundant system for interactively evaluating the capabilities of multiple test subjects to perform a task utilizing a computerized test system Method of communicating with a language deficient patient Improving a person's skill for playing an interactive video game requiring hand-eye coordination and operation of manual activation means Real-time recognition of pointing information from video User responsive transit system Methods for set up and programming of machine and process controllers Diagnostics system for use with a recording apparatus Mouse driven remote communication system Expert advice display processing system Creating reminder messages/screens during execution and without ending current display process Helicopter virtual image display system incorporating structural outlines Configuring a graphic interface Customized personal terminal device Interactive display for use on an automatic guided vehicle Orientational mouse computer input system Medical ultrasound imaging system having a partitioned menu Graphics cursor handler Computer interface for the configuration of computer system and circuit boards Manipulating outlines in improving digital typeface on raster output devices Graphic display apparatus Land navigation system displaying the position of a vehicle in real time Controlling selection in a user interface employing a display Icon aided run function display system User extensible testing system Displaying context sensitive help information on a display --Visually assisted method for transfer of data within an application or from a source application to a receiving application --Advanced user interface Multilingual operator prompting system which compares language control file version numbers in document and mass memory for changing language files Block diagram system and method for controlling electronic instruments with simulated graphic display Computer apparatus for brush styled writing Displaying context sensitive help information on a display Moving control points in displaying digital typeface on raster output devices Assistance with development, selection and evaluation of ideas and concepts Sound editing system using control line for altering specified characteristic of adjacent segment of the stored waveform Data display method Power management symbology display system Information retrieval apparatus and interface for retrieval of mapping information utilizing hand-drawn retrieval requests Determining the locations of the contents of bordered areas of a generic form Interactive system for the mathematical representation of physical models System for enhancing or replacing the process of dictating and transcribing Multi-dimensional user interface Techistoscope for teaching, particularly of reading and writing User interface for a golf green and a golf putt modelling system Generic form generation Apparatus for drilling pronunciation --visually comparing files in a data processing system Window management apparatus for a document creating apparatus Edit control system for use in an image processing apparatus --Computer user interface with window title bar icons --Computer user interface with window title bar mini-icons --Help provision in a data processing system Window system with independently replaceable window functionality --Interactively creating action bar pull-down windows of a user interface --Dynamically generating user messages utilizing error log data User interface in which operation associated with input device may be switched Generating dialogue-windows visually displayed on a computer screen Object oriented framework for menu definition Inputting radical-encoded chinese characters Touch screen user interface with expanding touch locations for a reprographic machine Measuring spectral features using a cursor control and a marker Recording and replaying mouse commands by recording the commands and the identities of elements affected by the commands --Automatically customizing the user interface of application programs Concurrent display of data from two different processors each having different display font and user interface for controlling transfer of converted font data therebetween System for encoding a collection of ideographic characters Detecting cursors Keyboard means displayed on the computer screen for directing entry of alphanumeric characters in a two-stroke mode Operator introduction screen Intelligent help system Image-audio transformation system Method of generating a cursor --Exchanging electronic calendars based on entries and classification among users of the system --System for testing human factors and performance of a system program Touch dialogue user interface for reproduction machines --Display system for representing an array of data values in a display field ------------------------------------------------------------------------ DATABASE Knowledge base management system Security instrument data system without property inapplicable nulls --File lock management in a distributed data processing system --Maintaining referential integrity within a relational database Asynchronous operation in a database management system Databases system for permitting concurrent indexing and reloading of data by simulating the reload process to determine final locations of the data --Combining search criteria to form a single search and saving search results for additional searches in a document interchange system Restructuring a database using a relational database scheme derived by selecting subscheme joins to avoid cycles --Concurrent use during sequential batch applications using persistent cursors Information search terminal and system Networking computers having varying file architectures --Dynamically expanding and rapidly accessing file directories File server system having high-speed write execution Intelligent computer integrated maintenance system and method Method of managing storage medium Method for performing transaction Updating application databases used in a distributed transaction environment --Accessing relational database without exiting an object-oriented environment File compaction process for electronic printing systems Classification of combinatorial data for the summarization and/or tabulation Database system and matching method between databases Encoding-format-desensitized methods for interchanging electronic document as appearances Information management for appendage type additional information medium On-line reconstruction of a failed redundant array system Database search and record retrieval system which continuously displays category names during scrolling and selection of individually displayed search terms Indexing and storing a large database with high data insertion frequency --Remote storage management mechanism and method Apparatus and method for updating transaction file Naming database component files to avoid duplication of files --File and record locking between nodes in distributed processing environment High speed search and retrieval of data within text and record oriented files --Attribute-based classification and retrieval system Relational database management system and method for storing, retrieving and modifying directed graph data structures Building a database and performing marketing based upon prior shopping history Database retrieval system having a natural language interface Testing system including removable storage means for transfer of test related data and means for issuing a certification upon successful test completion Storing data subjected to dispersion processing Method of managing space of peripheral storages Protecting material on storage media and transferring material on storage media to various recipients Mass storage array with efficient parity calculation Implementing a class hierarchy of objects in a hierarchical file system Buffered disk unit and method of transferring data therein Archival document image processing and printing system Database generation management method and system --Computer-controlled optimized pairing of disk units --Method of filing having a directed relationship through defining a stable relationship within the context of a folder document --Reducing communications in distributed database transactions by serializing Multi-dimensional analysis/display for large volume of record items Computerized management system --Concurrently applying redo records to backup database in a log sequence using single queue server per queue at a time File block managing using next record header position data and delete history data from block header and record headers to locate requested record block Hierarchical presearch type text search method and apparatus Data integrity for compaction devices Computer controlled optimized pairing of disk units Coordinating informational storage and retrieval Data storage apparatus and method --Determining correctness and contents of control data structures in moving media data storage systems --Persistent stream for processing time consuming and reusable queries in an object oriented database management system List type storing and retrieving system --Resumeable batch query for processing time consuming queries in an object oriented database management system Up/down loading of databases --Storing data in and retrieving data from non-main storage virtual data space Automatically creating a second workspace operation record including history data and a unit ID based on a first workspace operation Data base system which maintains project query list, desktop list and status of multiple ongoing research projects --Nonsynchronous DASD control Providing 3 state data base for use with automatic optical inspection systems Data storage for providing redundant copies of data on different disk drives Self documenting record of instrument activity and error messages stamped with date and time of occurrence --Data availability in restartable data base system Electronic text Paint formula retrieval and management Image communication and database system --Directory cache management in a distributed data processing system Intersystem data base sharing journal merge method Data recording method --Cache management method for shared, sequentially-accessed, data Image data filing system with image data modification facility Multilingual database system including sorting data using a master universal sort order for all languages Information retrieval apparatus and interface for retrieval of mapping information utilizing hand-drawn retrieval requests Information filing apparatus that stores and erases information based on frequency of its use Document image filing system for furnishing additional managerial information for management of documents filed in the system --Sorting using approximate key distribution in a distributed system Remapping defects in a storage system through the use of a tree structure Electronic maintenance support work station Data copying method for disk storage medium Transaction inquiring method and apparatus --Interchange object data base index which eliminates the need for private copies of interchange documents files by plurality of application programs --Calculating disk-access footprints for use in selecting a storage method Data recovery system and method of distributed transaction processing system --Dispatching work requests in a data storage hierarchy Machine translation utilizing previously translated documents Processing data in medical information communication system Providing recoverability in mass storage data base systems without audit trail mechanisms System for multiple access hard disk partitioning Reliable database administration arrangemenmt Mapping rules and objects from a stable storage database management system within a forward or backward chaining inference cycle Monitoring changes in attribute values of object in object oriented database --Compiled objective referential constraints in a relational database --Selecting multiple versions of data in a reduced record units text editor Automatically redistributing data records stored therein --File-based redundant parity protection in a parallel computing system --Intercommunicating between applications and a database manager Searching database component files to retrieve information from modified files --Concurrent modification of an index tree in a transaction processing system Information storage and retrieval utilizing hashing techniques --Joining two database relations on a common field in a parallel relational database field Replacing data using single step process mode Automated interactive record system --Preservation of CRC integrity upon intentional data alteration Information retrieval apparatus with separate retrieval conditions and updatable key registers Concurrent processing controlling method and apparatus on B+ tree structure --Modular data storage directories for large capacity data storage units where the index to the records in a sector is located in adjacent sector Control apparatus of image filing system Method of sorting data records User extensible, language sensitive database system Information management system --Maintenance of file attributes in a distributed data processing system System for managing a storage medium reducing physical space needed --Method of changing data on disk Computerized system for display and storage of materials batching information Method of managing defective sensors in a disk-shaped information recording medium and an apparatus for performing the same --Aperiodic mapping using power-of-two stride access to interleaved devices Data base system including memorandum information and method for managing memorandum information Mass document storage and retreival system --Unified working storage management Recording area management system for writable type optical disk Retrieving and updating data in a real-time data base system --Method of reducing the amount of information included in topology database update messages in a data communication network --Filing stapled documents with a stable relationship involving one or more applications programs Figure retrieval method --Use of morphological data to cross reference keywords used for retrieval Model user application system for clinical data processing that tracks and monitors a simulated out-patient medical practice using a data base Qualitative saving of digitized data Apparatus for specifying a result relation in a relational database system Passing data parameters between a calling program and a called subroutine in a command analysis table of a computer stored data base system --Storage and retrieval system Graphic file directory and spreadsheet Real time event driven database management system Computer file system System for optimizing query processing in a relational database --Preforming a sort operation in a relational database manager to pass results directly to a user without writing to disk Mail deliverability by mail and database processing Graphically representing and manipulating data stored in databases ------------------------------------------------------------------------ WORD PROCESSING and DOCUMENT HANDLING Document generation using information engineering Document processing system having integrated expert module Method of storing information within a reproduction system Electronic dictionary for outputting words in the opposite order in which they are searched --Method of enabling the translation of machine readable information Token editor architecture Multiple integrated document assembly data processing system --Combining search criteria to form a single search and saving search results for additional searches in a document interchange system Document revising system for use with document reading and translating system Remote signature rendering system & apparatus Information processing system --Forms processor with controlled remote revision Electronic spelling machine having ordered candidate words Control of spell checking device Document processing method and system Encoding-format-desensitized methods for interchanging electronic document as appearances Document processing apparatus Image-based document processing system providing lost image recovery --Access of multiple documents based on document relationship classification Word spelling and definition educational device Computer aided text generation method and system Intelligent electronic word processor with plural print wheels and tables used to identify displayed characters supported by designated print wheels Data processing system and editing apparatus aided thereby Data processing system and editing device aided thereby Personal computer dictation with voice and text stored on same storage medium Document processing apparatus Knowledge based system for document authentication Rxtracting data from documents for subsequent processing Electronic printing system for multiple images with determination of the maximum number of reduced size images to be optimally printed on a sheet of detected size without interference Electronic dictionary with correct and incorrect words Identification and correction of document skew Archival document image processing and printing system Document processing apparatus having a ruled line print control function Document image processing system --Technique for contracting element marks in a structured documents System for parsing multidimensional and multidirectional text into encoded units and storing each encoded unit as a separate data structure Classifying text --(De)compressing forms by means of very large symbol matching Document management and production system --Method of filing having a directed relationship through defining a stable relationship within the context of a folder document Information processing apparatus Editing documents Dynamic thresholding for documents using structural information Distributed text editing system with remote terminal transmits successive audit messages each identifying individual editing operation Method of printing leaflets, catalogs or the like Document decompressing system Text processing apparatus using modification relation analysis Document retrieval system Hierarchical presearch type text search method and apparatus Shipment system including processing of document images Text editing device Changing characters in an image User definable font substitutions with equivalency indicators Phonetically encoding chinese textual data for data processing entry Understanding and manipulating minimally formatted text documents Knowledge based system for document authentication Word processing apparatus --Vector relational characterical object --Document image management in a case processing system Method and system of specification processing Document identification by characteristics matching Checking correct use of units or chemical formulae in a text processing system Litigation support system and method Automatically outputting document having data dependent size Method of incorporating a scanned image into a page layout --Maintaining a time frame selective document history log in a data processing system Multilingual operator prompting system which compares language control file version numbers in document and mass memory for changing language files Searching and displaying selected data and for updating displayed data in a text editing system Electronic text Word processor with text layout display function --Processing documents having amounts recorded thereon Dictionary linked text base apparatus Slanting a font while inserting corrective pixels to improve print quality Determining the locations of the contents of bordered areas of a generic form System for enhancing or replacing the process of dictating and transcribing Document image filing system for furnishing additional managerial information for management of documents filed in the system Document editing apparatus which activates application programs in response to document data input --Associating annotation with electronically published material Printing system with automatic statistical compilation and billing Generic form generation Isolating an area corresponding to a character or word --Document distribution by reference to a first group and particular document to a second group of user in a data processing system --Retaining access to deleted documents in a data processing system Supporting of making formatted document --Requesting a user to use a marker to associate a document with an action --Interchange object data base index which eliminates the need for private copies of interchange documents files by plurality of application programs Text processing apparatus including fixed and scrolled display information --Memory management within a document history log in a data processing system Window management apparatus for a document creating apparatus Desktop publishing system and method of making up documents --Automatic extraction of data from printed forms --Deleting a marked portion of a structured document Data processing system and editing apparatus aided thereby Secure time-stamping of digital documents Digital document time-stamping with catenate certificate Dictionary searching system Image processing system for documentary data --Selecting multiple versions of data in a reduced record units text editor --Limiting manipulation of documents within a multi-document relationship Merged texts and graphics printing method --Defining relationships among documents including logical relationships Word processor utilizing image inputting means System for registration of documents --Generation of document history log reports in a data processing system OCR for sequentially displaying document layout Word processor for defining position, size, and form of a symbol and formula Word processing device with an automatic address-input function Text (word processor) having right end justified variable size display area for information related to input data Information processing apparatus having a specified-area confirming function Formatting document by using command codes regarding document structure Tabular document reader service --Locating the amount field on a document --Technique for creating and expanding element marks in a structured document Search improvements for electronic spelling machine Apparatus for and method of reconstructing a document Managing lengthy footnotes in a word processing environment --Method of assigning retention and deletion criteria to electronic documents stored in an interactive information handling system Word processor with selectable line-lengths which uses memory table for detecting characters not permitted at line-head or line-end Processing a document by utilizing an image Providing binding and capitalization in structured report generation --Filing stapled documents with a stable relationship involving one or more applications programs Method and means for managing citations in documents Text processing apparatus with adjustment for right margin flush Extracting a text region in a document image Word processing apparatus Forms generation Word processor with column layout function --Distributing related documents to identified end users Reading a document and processing the image Text modifier Entry text display system Word processing apparatus having image-format control functions Phonetic multi-lingual word processor --Copying a marked portion of a structured document Character processing apparatus having a digit place alignment function ------------------------------------------------------------------------ FINANCIAL Security instrument data system without property inapplicable nulls Measuring the effectiveness of stimuli on decisions of shoppers Quality control using multi-process performance analysis Card payment system for service dispensing devices Automated coin grading system Electronic cash system Recording and billing system Centralized processing of accounting and payment functions Remote delivery of retail banking services Financial management system Optimization of process/property/compositional parameters Intelligent computer integrated maintenance system and method Integrating lottery terminals into point of sale systems Method of inventory management for footwear and last manufacture --Discrete activity resourse allocation by cardinality constraint generation --Producing softcopy book readers which are limited to reading only books published by a specific publisher Interactive transit information system Goal-oriented investment indexing, tracking and monitoring Method for performing transaction Generating personalized books while a purchaser waits Business transaction and investment growth monitoring data processing --Multilevel bill of material processing Character and pattern recognition machine and method Computer-based method and system for product development Footwear visual image cataloging and sizing Enhanced management of pension-backed credit Credit card system including a central unit and a plurality of local units for conducting low-cost transactions Method of operating offices of financial institutes Insuring futures contracts against catastrophic loss Centralized consumer cash value accumulation system for multiple merchants Transaction control system including portable data terminal and mobile customer service station Building a database and performing marketing based upon prior shopping history Maintaining continuous total of refund amounts due a customer and for allowing customer designation of the amount of refund to be applied to a purchase Multifunction interactive automatic bowling alley using a touch screen console Processing of check batches in banking operations System for display of prices and related method Remotely crediting and billing usage of electronic entertainment machines --Bill of material and project network processing Improving manufacturing processes Trading system for providing real time context sensitive trading messages based on conversation analysis Courtesy amount read and transaction balancing system Integrated services platform for telephone communication system Requisitioning and distributing material in a manufacturing environment Electronic income tax refund early payment system with means for creating of new deposit account for an electronically transferred refund from the IRS Data processing system for hub and spoke financial services configuration Accounting system System for electronically recording and redeeming coupons --Engineering and manufacturing change control mechanism System for synthesizing travel cost information Integrated group insurance information processing and reporting system based upon an enterprise-wide data structure Interactive multimedia presentation and communications system Payment or information transfer by money card with electronic memory Storing and generating financial information employing user specified input and output formats Totally integrated construction cost estimating, analysis, and reporting The billing of value-added communications call Interactive telephone gaming system Predicting agent requirements in a force management system Transparent signalling for remote terminals Apparatus and method for managing crisis situations Automated teller machine and method thereof Vehicle route planning system Automatic cash handling system offering optional printed record Computer system and method for work management Telephone access information service distribution system Automatic ordering method and apparatus Analyzing and generating optimal transportation schedules for vehicles such as trains and controlling the movement of vehicles in response thereto Transaction approval system Food preparation system and method Patterned web cutting for operation manipulation of displayed nested templates Communicating price changes including printer and display Computerized management system Credibility assessment based on feedback-elicited P3 responses of brain Conducting and processing spot commodity transactions Automatic ordering system for allowing a shop to tailor ordering needs System to demonstrate and sell computer programs Automated method for selecting personnel matched to job criteria System for designing custom-made, formfitted clothing, such as bathing suits Priority processing of financial documents using video image capture Data base system which maintains project query list, desktop list and status of multiple ongoing research projects Picking and placing a surface mounted device with the aid of machine vision Collecting and disseminating available-load information for trucking industry Billing system for computing software Set-up optimization for flexible manufacturing systems --Manufacturing process optimizations Paint formula retrieval and management Scenario optimization Printing system with automatic statistical compilation and billing Electronic publishing system Automated tax deposit processing system System for funding, analyzing and managing health care liabilities Anonymous matching system Stock and cash portfolio development system Inventory control method and system Goal-directed financial asset management system POS system including use of expiration dates in commodity codes Evaluating consumer choice through concept testing for the marketing and development of consumer products Method and system for product restructuring Automated bill-of-material generation POS terminal group management device with memory for pre-storing different collection data ranges for each POS terminal Carrier management method and system having auto-rate shopping Automated ledger account maintenance system Centralized consumer cash valve accumulation system for multiple merchants Automated system for pricing and ordering manufactured parts System for use in a temporary help business Automated, interactive vending system for products which must be processed Automated fund collection system including means to eliminate duplicate entries from a mailing list Making staff schedules as function of available resources as well as employee skill level, availability and priority Emergency call locating system Environmental compliance system System for storing history of use of programs including user credit data and having access by the proprietor Automated system for providing liquidity to securities markets Material requirements planning system --Automated rework shop order scheduling system Account settlement in an ATM Prioritizing data in financial information system Job scheduling system Electronic checkbook with automatic reconciliation Data collection, analysis and response system and method Releasing value of an asset Register setting arrangement for carrier management Optimizing reactive power distribution in an industrial power network ------------------------------------------------------------------------ COMPUTER AIDED SOFTWARE ENGINEERING --Assist program for operating a debug program with a user program Optimizing computer code to provide more efficient execution on computers having cache memories Controlling tool execution in a computer-aided software engineering system Programming a task, having a plurality of processes, created by a plurality of different programmers, for operation by a computer Establishing concurrent high level and low level processes in a diagram window through process explosion and implosion subsystems Automatically generating application program Calling interpreter language procedure from compiler language procedure Program debugging support method and apparatus Transforming machine language program into high-level language constructs by manipulating graphical program representations Software development using expanding outline interface Incremental compiler Management interface for license management system Software structuring system and method by data table translation --Removing invariant branches from instruction loops of a computer program Cost-based heuristic instruction scheduling Instruction scheduling for a processor having multiple functional resources Line-skip compiler for source-code development system Local language translations of text portions of computer source code Automatically designing a program structure Adaptive window system for dynamically modeling information systems Vectorized LR parsing of computer programs Incremental linking in source code development systems --Partitioning optimizations in an optimizing compiler Display method in software development support system Graphical display of compiler-generated intermediate database representation Graphics system for automatic computer code generation Object database deletion method for child objects when a child may be linked to multiple parent objects Automatically generating software specifications Assembler system for determining when to compile source code modules Incremental compiler for source-code development system System and apparatus for protecting computer software Transforming user data in accordance with an algorithm defined by design data and for evaluating the transformed data against logical criteria Incremental-scanning compiler for source-code development system Various possible execution paths measurement and analysis system for evaluating before writing source codes the efficiency performance of software designs Parallel processing development system with debugging device includes facilities for schematically displaying execution state of data driven type processor Interprocedural slicing of computer programs using dependence graphs Method and system of specification processing Generating program code files Testing computer hardware and software System for numerical description of computer program logic Methods and apparatus for software retrofitting Billing system for computing software Method of handling errors in software Block diagram simulator using a library for generation of a computer program Producing object programs based on interprocedural dataflow analysis of a source program Dynamic information management system utilizing entity-relationship information model in which the attribute is independent of an entity -- APL-to-Fortran translator Method of checking test program in duplex processing apparatus Improved code generation in reduced instruction set computers Assembly language programming potential error detection scheme sensing apparent inconsistency with a previous operation Automatically converting a data flow description of a source program directly into a function design chart Method of debugging a computer program Retrieving program specification and linking the specification by concept to retrieval request for reusing program parts Comprehensive software protection system --Automatic generation of executable computer code which commands another program to perform a task and operator modification of the generated executable computer code --Tracing method for identifying program execution paths using a trace points bit map with one-to-one correspondence with embedded trace points Minimizing hardware pipeline breaks using software scheduling techiques during compilation System for selectively converting plurality of source data structures through corresponding source intermediate structures, and target intermediate structures into selected target structures --Software error early detection and data capture System for synthesizing plurality of source programs by combining syntax elements and conditions of the programs Program processing for processing optionally post-stored programs Integrating the logical and physical design of electronically linked objects --Computer method for executing transformation rules Software security system for maintaining integrity of compiled object code by restricting users ability to define compilers Compiling a source program by analyzing a subscript of an array included in a loop processing of a computer Representing scalar data dependencies for an optimizing compiler --Compressed LR parsing table and method of compressing LR parsing tables System means for synthesizing, generating and checking software for a computer Implementing a program loop by comparing the loop decrement with the loop value Computer for reducing lambda calculus expressions employing variable containing applicative language code System which reads type and position of task element marks on a matrix of program tasks for automatically generating programs --Interfacing computer application programs written in different languages to a software system Data processing system implemented process and compiling technique for performing context-free parsing algorithm based on register vector grammar --Inserting constructs into compiled code, defining scoping of common blocks and dynamically binding common blocks to task Compiling method for determining programs to be executed parallelly by respective processors in a parallel computer which transfer data with a data identifier to other processors Performing computer functions defined by a hierarchical programming language --Language bindings for graphics functions to enable one application program to be used in different processing environments ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE and EXPERT SYSTEMS Expert system development utilizing a frame processing technique Knowledge base management system --Hybrid backtrack/lookahead searching for constraint-satisfaction problems Organization of theory based systems Parallel inferencing method and apparatus for rule-based expert systems Document processing system having integrated expert module Retrieving justifiably relevant cases from a case library Inference method and system Implementing a concurrent logic program Rule invocation mechanism for inductive learning engine Optimization techniques using genetic algorithms Garbage collection system for a symbolic digital processor VLSI hardware implemented rule-based expert s