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18th Congress.]

No. 236.

[1st Session.

PLAN FOR A NAVAL PEACE ESTABLISHMENT.

COMMUNICATED TO THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, JANUARY 30, 1824.

Washington, January 30, 1824.

To the House of Representatives of the United Stales:

In compliance with a resolution of the House of Representatives, of the 15th of December last, requesting the President of the United States "to communicate a plan for a Peace Establishment of the navy of the United States," I herewith transmit a report from the Secretary of the Navy, which contains the plan required.

In presenting this plan to the consideration of Congress, I avail myself of the occasion to make some remarks on it, which the importance of the subject requires, and experience justifies.

If a system of universal and permanent peace could be established, or if, in war, the belligerent parties would respect the rights of neutral Powers, we should have no occasion for a navy or an army. The expense and dangers of such establishments might be avoided. The history of all ages proves that this cannot be presumed; on the contrary, that at least one-half of every century, in ancient as well as modern times, has been consumed in wars, and often of the most general and desolating character. Nor is there any cause to infer; if we examine the condition of the nations with which we have the most intercourse and strongest political relations, that we shall, in future, be exempt from that calamity within any period to which a rational calculation may be extended. And as to the rights of neutral Powers, it is sufficient to appeal to our own experience to demonstrate how little regard will be paid to them, whenever they come in conflict with the interests of the Powers at war, while we rely on the justice of our cause and on argument alone. The amount of the property of our fellow-citizens, which was seized and confiscated or destroyed, by the belligerent parties in the wars of the French revolution, and of those which followed, before we became a party to the war, is almost incalculable.

The whole movement of our Government, from the establishment of our independence, has been guided by a sacred regard for peace. Situated as we are, in the new hemisphere; distant from Europe, and unconnected with its affairs; blessed with the happiest Government on earth, and having no objects of ambition to gratify; the United States have steadily cultivated the relations of amity with every Power. And if, in any European wars, a respect for our rights might be relied on, it was undoubtedly in those to which I have adverted. The conflict being vital, the force being nearly equally balanced, and the result uncertain, each party had the strongest motives of interest to cultivate our good-will, lest we might be thrown into the opposite scale. Powerful as this consideration usually

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is, it was nevertheless utterly disregarded, in almost every stage of, and by every party to, those wars. To these encroachments and injuries, our regard for peace was finally forced to yield.

In the war to which at length we became a party, our whole coast, from St. Croix to the Mississippi, was either invaded or menaced with invasion; and in many parts, with a strong, imposing force, both land and naval. In those parts where the population was most dense, the pressure was comparatively light; but there was scarcely a harbor or city, on any of our great inlets, which could be considered secure. New York and Philadelphia were eminently exposed; the then existing works not being sufficient for their protection. The same remark is applicable, in a certain extent, to the cities eastward of the former; and as to the condition of the whole country southward of the latter the events which marked the war are too recent to require detail. Our armies and navy signalized themselves in every quarter where they had occasion to meet their gallant foe, and the militia voluntarily flew to their aid with a patriotism, and fought with a bravery, which exalted the reputation of their Government and country, and which did them the highest honor. In whatever direction the enemy chose to move with their squadrons and to land their troops, our fortifications, where any existed, presented but little obstacle to them. They passed those works without difficulty. Their squadrons, in fact, annoyed our whole coast, not of the sea only, but every bay and great river throughout its whole extent. In entering those inlets and sailing up them with a small force, the effect was disastrous, since it never failed to draw out the whole population on each side, and to keep it in the field while the squadron remained there. The expense attending this species of defence, with the exposure of the inhabitants, and the waste of property, may readily be conceived.

The occurrences which preceded the war, and those which attended it, were alike replete with useful instruction as to our future policy. Those which mark the first epoch, demonstrate clearly, that, in the wars of other Powers, we can rely only on force for the protection of our neutral rights. Those of the second demonstrate, with equal certainty, that, in any war in which we may be engaged hereafter, with a strong naval Power, the expense, waste, and other calamities, attending it, considering the vast extent of our maritime frontier, cannot fail, unless it be defended by adequate fortifications and a suitable naval force, to correspond with those which were experienced in the late war.

Two great objects are, therefore, to be regarded in the establishment of an adequate naval force: The first, to prevent war, so far as it may be practicable; the second, to diminish its calamities, when it may be inevitable. Hence, the subject of defence becomes intimately connected, in all its parts, in war and in peace, for the land and at sea. No Government will be disposed, in its wars with other Powers, to violate our rights, if it knows we have the means, are prepared, and resolved, to defend them. The motive will also be diminished, if it knows that our defences by land are so well planned and executed, that an invasion of our coast cannot be productive of the evils to which we have heretofore been exposed.

It was under a thorough conviction of these truths, derived from the admonitions of the late war, that Congress, as early as the year 1816, during the term of my enlightened and virtuous predecessor, under whom the war had been declared, prosecuted, and terminated, digested and made provision for the defence of our country, and support of its rights, in peace as well as in war, by acts, which authorized and enjoined the augmentation of our navy, to a prescribed limit, and the construction of suitable fortifications throughout the whole extent of our maritime frontier, and wherever else they might be deemed necessary. It is to the execution of these works, both land and naval, and under a thorough conviction that by hastening their completion I should render the best service to my country, and give the most effectual support to our free republican system of Government that my humble faculties would admit of, that I have devoted so much of my time and labor to this great system of national policy, since I came into this office, and shall continue to do it, until my retirement from it at the end of your next session.

The navy is the arm from which our Government will always derive most aid in support of our neutral rights. Every Power engaged in war will know the strength of our naval force, the number of our ships of each class, their condition, and the promptitude with which we may bring them into service, and will pay due consideration to that argument. Justice will always have great weight in the cabinets of Europe; but, in long and destructive wars, exigencies often occur which press so vitally on them, that, unless the argument of force is brought to its aid, it will be disregarded. Our land forces will always perform their duty in the event of war; but they must perform it on the land. Our navy is the arm which must be principally relied on for the annoyance of the commerce of the enemy, and for the protection of our own; and also, by co-operation with the land forces, for the defence of the country. Capable of moving in any and every direction, it possesses the faculty, even when remote from our coast, of extending its aid to every interest on which the security and welfare of our Union depend. Annoying the commerce of the enemy, and menacing, in turn, its coast, provided the force on each side is nearly equally balanced, it will draw its squadrons from our own; and, in case of invasion by a powerful adversary, by a land and naval force, which is always to be anticipated, and ought to be provided against, our navy may, by like co-operation with our land forces, render essential aid in protecting our interior from incursion and depredation.

The great object, in the event of war, is to stop the enemy at the coast. If this is done, our cities, and whole interior, will be secure. For the accomplishment of this object, our fortifications must be principally relied on. By placing strong works near the mouths of our great inlets, in such positions as to command the entrances into them, as may be done in many instances, it will be difficult, if not impossible, for ships to pass them, especially if other precautions, and particularly that of steam-batteries, are resorted to in their aid. In the wars between other Powers, into which we may be drawn in support of our neutral rights, it cannot be doubted that this defence would be adequate to the purpose intended by it; nor can it be doubted, that the knowledge that such works existed, would form a strong motive with any Power hot to invade our lights, and thereby contribute essentially to prevent war. There are, it is admitted, some entrances into our interior which are of such vast extent that it would be utterly impossible for any works, however extensive or well posted, to command them, Of this class, the Chesapeake bay, which is an arm of the sea, may be given as an example. But, in my judgment, even this bay may be defended against any Power with whom we may be involved in war as a third party, in the defence of our neutral rights. By erecting strong works at the mouth of James river, on both sides, near the capes, as we are now doing, and at Old Point [Comterc] and the Rip Raps, and connecting those works together by chains, whenever the enemy's force appeared, placing in the rear some large ships and steam-batteries, the passage up the river would be rendered impracticable. This guard would also tend to protect the whole country bordering on the bay and rivers emptying into it; as the hazard would be too great for the enemy, however strong his naval force, to ascend the bay, and leave such a naval force behind; since, in the event of a storm, whereby his vessels might be separated, or of a calm, the ships and steam-batteries behind the works might rush forth and destroy them. It could only be in the event of an invasion by a great Power, or a combination of several Powers, and by land as well as by naval forces, that those works could be carried; and, even then, they could not fail to retard the movement of the enemy into the country, and give time for the collection of our regular troops, militia, and volunteers, to that point, and thereby contribute essentially to his ultimate defeat and expulsion from our territory.

Under a strong impression, that a peace establishment of our navy is connected with the possible event of war, and that the naval force intended for either State, however small it may be, is connected with the general system of public defence, I have thought it proper, in communicating this report, to submit these remarks on the whole subject.

JAMES MONROE.

Report of the Secretary of the Navy.

Navy Department, January 24, 1824.

Sir:

In compliance with the resolution Of the House of Representatives of the 15th December last, "that the President of the United States be requested to communicate a plan for a peace establishment of the navy of the United States," I have the honor to present, for your consideration, a plan for re-organizing the naval establishment. It is

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designed merely as the project of a bill to exhibit the principles which are deemed beneficial in their application to the service, without regard to the words or form of the law, should one be founded upon it; and is accompanied by a variety of tables and estimates, calculated to explain and illustrate its operation.

In fixing the naval establishment, the first objects of attention are the number and size of the vessels which are to be built, both for peace and war. By them the number and grade of the officers, and the number and size of the navy yards, stations, and depots, must be regulated. Considerations peculiar to each of these naturally come into view, but the whole must have relation to the first object. The management and discipline of the service must be governed by a code of rules and regulations, adapted to the character of the establishment. Such a code must be prepared, should this or any other project be carried into execution; but, as it must be founded upon the law, and be consistent with its principles, it cannot be prepared until after the law has been passed. To determine the number and grade of officers of which the establishment ought to consist, it is necessary, first, to ascertain the proper number and importance of navy yards and stations, and the number and classes of the vessels which the situation of the country requires to be kept in commission and in active service; and, secondly, how many ought to be kept in readiness for a state of war. The former will prescribe the limit below which we cannot descend without a disregard of the public interest. The latter will exhibit the point above which we need not rise. The former is indispensable: prudence and policy demand that we provide for the latter.

It is believed that the naval stations at Erie, and Whitehall are not useful now, and that no course of events can hereafter render them necessary to the public defence. Two only of the vessels at Sackett's Harbor are worthy of preservation, and they can be protected by a few men. The two former of these stations may therefore be abandoned, as soon as the public property at them can be disposed of or removed; and the latter may be maintained on a very reduced scale, at an expense of $2,000. The three stations now cost annually about $27,000.

When proper depots shall be selected and established, several of the existing yards and stations on the Atlantic board may be either altogether abandoned, or the expense of them greatly curtailed, by maintaining a few officers and men to minister to the wants of vessels which necessity shall compel to visit them, either for provisions or repairs. But, as there are vessels on the stocks at six of these yards, none of them can, at this time, be abolished; but the expense of them may be somewhat diminished. Their number and situation are well known, and their annual cost may be seen by paper D, annexed to the bill. In the report from this Department at the commencement of the session, the force is mentioned which it was proposed to keep in commission during the present year, and a hope expressed that it might be found sufficient to accomplish the protection and defence of our commercial and other interests. That force, however, was calculated for a state of the most peaceful and friendly relations, and looked only to the interests then mentioned, without reference to the policy of promoting the growth of the navy, or any of those considerations which arise from changes in our relations with other Powers, or the propriety of such a disposition of our naval force as shall enable us to pass with least injury from the attitude of peace to that of war, and give to our officers the skill and experience which will fit them to defend and protect the honor and interests of the nation. In reorganizing the navy, these considerations cannot be overlooked; and it is believed that there is enough in the state of the world, and our own situation, to prevent us from being unmindful of them at this time. It seems to be our duty to keep such a force in commission as will protect all our scattered interests, secure the respect of other Powers, and give active service sufficient to qualify as many officers as will be required to command and manage the whole of our vessels, when necessity shall call for their use. Long and active employment are essential to give naval skill and experience; and, without them; our vessels are insecure, and our character as a nation in danger of being degraded. It were better to have no ships, than to have them filled with incompetent and unskilful officers.

The following is the least force which it would be safe to provide for, and keep in commission and in active service: In the Mediterranean, one ship of the line, one frigate, one-sloop of war, and one schooner; in the Atlantic, including our own coast, the West Indies, the Gulf of Mexico, and the coast of Africa, one ship of the line, one frigate, four sloops of war, and four schooners; in the Pacific, one frigate, two sloops of war, and one schooner; for occasional services, in which the vessels on those stations cannot be employed, one frigate, and one sloop of war: in the whole, two ships of the line, four frigates, eight sloops of war, and six schooners. Many of these vessels will be on distant stations, in going to and returning from which much time must be consumed; and all will require frequent repairs, refitting, and exchange of crews. Other vessels must therefore be kept in commission to relieve them, and a force equal to about one-fifth of the whole amount will be necessary for this purpose.

It is, then, respectfully submitted that the number of officers and men required for the navy yards and stations on the Atlantic board, and for the vessels before mentioned, is, with the proper allowance for sickness and casualties, the lowest for which provision can safely be made in the contemplated organization of the naval establishment. It is for this, with other reasons hereafter mentioned, that the project submitted in the first section mentions this number as the least which the President of the United States shall be permitted to retain.

When the vessels now authorized by law to be built are completed, there will be, besides those on the Lakes, twelve ships of the line, twelve frigates of the first class, three frigates of the second class, three steam batteries, one other post ship, six schooners, including the Spark, and fifteen sloops of war, should Congress order ten more to be built. These, when in commission, together with the shore stations, will require the number of officers mentioned in the second section, and which is therefore taken as the largest which it is at this time necessary to authorize. The vessels having been built, and being designed for our protection from foreign aggression, we must train officers to command and manage them. It is worse than useless to have vessels, which cannot be employed for the want of officers, and great folly to entrust them to those whose ignorance and inexperience will endanger their safety. The experiment would be alike hazardous and prodigal. An effort has therefore been made, in the proposed organization, so to arrange the grade and number of officers, as not only to manage, in the best way, the force necessary for present use, but to enable us, in the most rapid, cheap, and efficient manner, to pass into a state of war, and employ all our vessels in active service. By comparing the first and second sections, it will be perceived that the officers of the highest grades, requiring the greatest skill and experience, which are proposed to be retained, will be competent to the command of all the vessels; and that, by the promotion of some of the most skilful from the inferior grades, and introducing as many as may be necessary into the lowest, where skill is least needful, the whole will be organized with facility. But, in order to fit the officers of the inferior grades for promotion, it is indispensable that the force before mentioned be kept in commission, and the officers named in the first section be employed as constantly as circumstances will permit. With the vessels now in commission this object cannot be accomplished. A great portion of the science of the naval commanders can be acquired only on the ocean, and by years of labor and discipline. It is in vain to hope for a triumphant defence of our national interests and character there, without we thoroughly train, educate, and discipline those who have to fight our battles. To ensure such a defence beyond hazard, it is confidently believed that the nation will cheerfully meet the requisite expense. Connected with this point, it is not improper to suggest that the early education of most of our officers is very unequal to the character they have subsequently to sustain, and that an effectual remedy can be found only in the establishment of a naval school.

We have no rank above that of captain. The proposed organization gives three higher grades. It is not supposed proper to furnish with minuteness in this report the whole argument in favor of this increase, as if it were a new question. It has been frequently presented to the public consideration. The experience of all nations, both in land and naval forces, has led to the same result in relation to it. No one has ever been able to command her armies or her fleets by captains; and our experience does not justify us in believing that our success in such an experiment will be greater. Rank is necessary to enforce discipline; the orders of a superior are always more readily obeyed than those of an equal in grade. Rank is equally necessary to insure the science required to command an extensive force, which differs from, and is of a much higher character than, that which is competent to the command of a single vessel; the desire also to reach the higher rank will create strenuous exertion to acquire the information which is suited to it, and operate extensively on the general character of the whole corps. If you would induce your officers to prepare themselves for any service, you must present to them the certainty of having that service to perform; and that their duty and honor will equally demand that they perform it well. It is no reproach to them to say that very few now are, and, with our present system, very few ever will be, fitted to command our fleets successfully against

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a powerful and skilful adversary; and it is earnestly to be hoped that such an arrangement will be adopted as to furnish all grades with such opportunities for improvement, and such excitements to exertion, as will prevent our future experience on this point from being calamitous. The increase of rank will also obviate some causes of irritation, in the intercourse of our officers with those of other nations, the least powerful of whom have higher grades than we have, and they universally claim honors and precedence according to rank; this must either be yielded, or intercourse with them suspended. To the first the individual and national pride of our seamen cannot, and ought not to assent; and the latter is productive of unfriendly feelings. This inconvenience will be greatly augmented, and our naval reputation may suffer severely from this cause, should our vessels have occasion to co-operate with those of any other nation. In such cases, rank must be respected. Our officers, for want of it, may always be subordinate; our fleets, no matter what their power, be subject to the orders of others, though commanding a very inferior force, and our reputation be thus placed where it might not always be safe. History furnishes some valuable illustrations on this point. One additional but inferior grade, that of sub-lieutenant, is also proposed; it is meant to provide increased rank and pay for passed midshipmen, who have distinguished themselves by zeal and activity in discharging their duties, and qualifying themselves for promotion, and for whom there may be no vacancies in the rank of lieutenant.

The expense of the proposed increase of ranks, compared with its advantages, is trivial. Public expenditure is always to be measured by the public advantage resulting from it; and if six or seven hundred officers can be excited to useful exertion, discipline and efficiency increased, causes of irritation with other nations, and of mortification to ourselves, diminished; such an expenditure will be found to be true economy. Besides, in examining this, in connexion with other parts of the proposed organization, it will be seen that, although there be a small increase of expense on one point, yet, by adopting the whole, the expense of the naval establishment will be diminished.

The temporary rank of captain, commanding a squadron in chief, is authorized for cases of necessity, and as a temporary reward for distinguished merit. The persons attached to the flag officers are useful, but to be employed only on particular occasions. It will be perceived that the design in rating the vessels is to arrange the compensation of the officers by their responsibility, and show the proper complement for each class.

The leading principle, in that part of the proposed organization which relates to pay, is to apportion it to the amount and importance of the service performed, that he whose responsibility is greatest, and who is engaged in the most active duties, should receive the highest compensation. Hence, three general rates are proposed: 1. For those in active service; 2. For those who hold themselves in readiness for active service, or are engaged in merchant vessels, acquiring that knowledge of seamanship which will enable them most skilfully to perform their duties. 3. For those on furlough for definite or indefinite periods, and who are not employed in merchant vessels.

To the first class, in some cases the same, and in others higher pay is given, than is now allowed. The advance is believed to be proper, from the period when that pay was established, the increased responsibility arising from the changes in our vessels, and the inducement which it offers to be constantly in service. To the second class, an average of about two-thirds of the pay of the first is given. To the third about one-third of the first. This proportion is considered equitable and just, and the effect anticipated from it is a desire for sea-service in all officers of all grades; a desire leading, in its necessary result, to skill, faithfulness and ability. Under the system now in existence, it is, almost always, the pecuniary interest of an officer to obtain leave of absence, or a station on shore. Under the one now submitted, it will be his interest to be actively employed upon the proper element of the seamen; but, as he cannot always be there, the second or reduced pay is placed at such an amount as to enable him, when on shore, to live respectably and comfortably as an officer of the public ought. It is also proposed a little to vary the pay, according to the rate of the vessel and the amount of the force, because the labor and responsibility of the officer vary with them.

The proposed compensation to admirals and commodores is as low as a regard to the expenses of their stations, the skill they ought to possess, and the weight of responsibility which must rest upon them, will permit; and it will be found, upon examination, to be much inferior to the pay of the same grades of officers in any other service, and less than one-half the compensation allowed them by several of the most important naval Powers. The present pay of captains was fixed more than twenty years ago, when we had only frigates to command, and is supposed now to be proper for frigates of the smallest class; but that an increase or diminution should be made, as the vessel is larger or smaller. The pay of masters and lieutenants commanding bears a just proportion to that of captain, and is left at its present amount. That of lieutenants generally is proportioned to the nature of the service they render.

As the sailing-masters must have high qualifications to pass their examination, and are out of the line of promotion; except in extraordinary cases, an increase of pay is proposed, and that it be graduated by the rate of the vessel in which they are employed. The second masters, who are recognized by the existing laws, but have no established pay, are placed on a proper footing in reference to their duties, and the promotions they may expect. The sub-lieutenancy is a middle rank, between the lieutenant and midshipman; but, to present every inducement to the midshipmen for exertion and good conduct, an addition of pay is given to those who are meritorious, and have passed their examination, and for whom there is no place in the grade of sub-lieutenants, and they are also to be preferred to other midshipmen in the same vessel or squadron, as master's mates, and for acting appointments, when they shall be necessary. No additional pay is proposed for the purser; his compensation arises, principally, from other sources, and is usually in proportion to his age and service, and the rate of vessel he is in. A small addition to the pay of boatswains, gunners, carpenters, and sailmakers, in the larger vessels, ought to be made; and, by enlarging the number, and regulating the pay of the petty officers, justice will be done to them, and the seamen, generally, stimulated to good conduct. Schoolmasters are proposed for the two highest rates of vessels, and, as we have yet no school for the instruction of young officers, and as the duties of the chaplains, both as clergymen and teachers, demand purity of character, enlargement of mind, and scientific attainments, a higher salary would be useful, to secure the services of those who are worthy of the station.

No portion of the present system requires more amendment than the surgical department, in reference as well to the manner of admission into it as the government, and payment of it. No one ought to be appointed surgeon's mate until after a satisfactory examination, proving his competency, and no mate be made a surgeon until he has, by sufficient service and another examination, proved that he is worthy of promotion.

But the directions on this subject belong properly to the code of rules and regulations. The proposed bill is confined principally to the pay, and prescribes that which is suited to the time and nature of the services performed. The pay of surgeon's mate is left as at present, and is hot to be increased for any cause. But, after two years' service, he is permitted to have an examination, preparatory to his appointment as surgeon; and, if he pass it with credit, and be recommended for promotion, a moderate addition is to be made. In like manner, the pay of the surgeon is to remain the same for two years, after which it is to be increased, at the end of every second year of active service, until it amounts to $75 per month, and eight rations per day. When he is rewarded by a permanent station, either at a navy yard or hospital, he has a fixed and competent salary. This system, while it renders justice to those who have performed duty, will, it is hoped, induce zeal in acquiring science, and secure the active and entire services of skilful men on whom so much of the comfort and success of the navy depend. Guided by the reasoning applicable to the case, and by experiments made elsewhere, it is believed that a large saving may be effected by detailing one or more intelligent surgeons to purchase the medical stores and supplies, direct such as are fitted for the size of the vessel, and the nature and length of the voyage, and guard against ignorance and extravagance in that department. This object may be accomplished under the provisions of the bill.

The compensation for recruiting is estimated by the liabilities and expense attending it, and is calculated to save about $2,000 per year.

An entire change is proposed in the mode of paying officers at the yards, and fixed salaries are given, proportioned to their duties and expenses, and in lieu of all the allowances now made, except for house rent, where no quarters are provided. The same principle is applied, and salaries given in all cases where the officer is not engaged in active service, or is on furlough. This change is recommended by the certainty and economy which it will introduce.

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Indeed, the whole scheme is designed to reduce, as far as possible, all pay and allowances to fixed sums; limiting the discretion of the Department, and of the accounting officers, and lessening the contingent expenses of the establishment.

Regulations for distributing prize money have been introduced, because immediately connected with the provisions of the bill, and because those now in force are uncertain and unequal in their operation; giving, in some cases, to superior and responsible officers, much less than to persons who have inferior rank and responsibility. One of the principal changes is an addition of five per cent. to commanders of fleets, squadrons, and vessels, who are answerable for detentions and captures, and bear alone the damages for mistake or error in the exercise of their power; a large portion of profit ought to be the reward of this responsibility.

The table and estimates which are appended to the bill, are designed to exhibit, in the plainest mode, the effect of the proposed organization upon the public treasury, in peace and war, with the force which is now in commission, with that which it is advised to put in commission, and when all the vessels, built and building, shall be in active service. The comparison which they afford between the existing system, and that which is recommended, cannot, it is believed, fail to create a favorable feeling towards the latter.

Table C is an estimate of the expense of our present naval establishment, with the force in commission, which is mentioned in the report at the commencement of the session. And, should it be determined not to increase or alter the number of vessels now in active service, this table proves that, by adopting the proposed organization, there will be an annual saving of more than $117,000.

Table A furnishes an estimate of the expense of maintaining, for one year, the force which is recommended in this report to be put in commission. By this table, it appears that the force recommended will, under both systems, occasion an increase of expenditure in this department, arising principally from the additional number of petty officers and seamen employed; and that, under the present system, it will cost $1,901,876; under the proposed, $1,869,715, making, a balance in favor of the latter of about $32,000 annually.

By table D it appears that the proposed organization will save, at the navy yards now used, about $11,000, and at the recruiting stations, $8,000. That the three hospitals may be maintained at about the same expense under both plans; and that the three naval stations, which it may be thought advisable to keep up hereafter, will, under the plan now recommended, cost about $4,000 more than under the present, arising from the increased rank of the officers commanding them.

Table B is an estimate of the expense of maintaining all the shore establishments, and keeping in commission all the vessels which are built, as well as those which are authorized and recommended to be built. It is calculated to exhibit the utmost annual expense of all our present naval means in war, or in such a condition of our country as shall justify us in keeping in active service so large a force, and shows that the present would, in that case, cost about $113,000 less than the proposed system. This is the most unfavorable view which can be presented, and is designed as such. But it is proper to remark; that it is a view which can never be realized; for, it supposes not only that all our vessels of every kind are in commission and at sea, but that every officer attached to the navy is in active employment, and receiving full pay, at the highest rate; a state of things which is scarcely possible, and altogether beyond a rational calculation, even in a state of active, warfare. A large number of officers must; at all times, be out of active service, and receiving either reduced or furlough pay; and when to this we add the diminution of the contingent expenditures, it may very safely be asserted that, in no situation, either of war or peace, will the proposed organization, with all its addition to rank and pay, be as expensive, by many thousand dollars, as the present system.

Having presented these views, I submit the plan to you, with some feeling of solicitude that it should meet the approbation of those who have to decide upon it, arising from a conviction that it addresses itself to the best principles of action, and will be productive of discipline, efficiency, and economy in our naval establishment.

I am, very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant,

SAMUEL L. SOUTHARD.

To the President of the United States.

A.

Estimate for the least force considered necessary to he employed for the general protection of commerce, in time of peace, corresponding with the least number of officers, &c. in the proposed act for reorganizing the navy.

2 Ships of the line,

An addition of one-fifth of this force will be necessary
to relieve vessels on foreign Stations.

8 Navy yards, viz: seven on the Atlantic, and one at Sackett's Harbor.

4 Frigates,

8 Sloops,

3 Shore stations,

6 Schooners,

5 Recruiting stations,

3 Hospitals.

1  Vice admiral,

40 Surgeons,

2  Rear admirals,

56 Surgeons' mates,

3  Commodores,

26 Boatswains,

25 Captains,

26 Gunners,

23 Masters commandant,

16 Carpenters,

149 Lieutenants,

16 Sailmakers,

61 Sub-lieutenants,

400 Midshipmen,

19 Masters,

4,851 Petty officers,seamen, ordinary seamen, landsmen and boys.

6 Second masters,

10 Chaplains,

40 Pursers,

Total,

5,760

 

As proposed.

By present rates.

Pay, &c. in commission,

$1,648,076 10

$1,643,747 70

Pay, &c. for navy yards,

116,201 50

128,212 25

Pay, &c. for stations,

15,963 75

11,745 75

Pay, &c. for recruiting service,

17,273 75

25,152 50

Pay, &c. for hospitals,

8,250 00

8,245 47

Pay, &c. for commissioners,

10,500 00

10,500 00

Pay, &c. for unemployed officers,

53,450 00

74,273 25

1,869,715 10

1,801,876 92

Balance in favor of proposed reorganization,

32,161 82

$1,901,876 92

$1,901,876 92

--911--

B.

Estimate from the whole force at present authorized by law, and recommended by the Department, and far all the shore establishments, fully officered and manned, excepting marines, which corresponds with the greatest number of officers, &c. in the proposed act for reorganizing the navy.

12 ships of the line,

3 Steam batteries.

12 Frigates of the largest size,

8 Navy yards,

3 Frigates of the second size,

3 Shore stations,

1 Post ship, fifth rate,

8 Recruiting stations.

15 Sloops of war,

3 Hospitals.

6 Schooners,

1  Vice admiral,

102 Surgeons' mates,

2  Rear admirals,

30 Chaplains,

3  Commodores,

811 Midshipmen,

47 Captains,

56 Boatswains,

25 Masters commandant,

56 Gunners,

256 Lieutenants,

46 Carpenters,

78 Sub-lieutenants,

43 Sail-makers,

35 Masters,

17,885 Petty officers, seamen,
ordinary seamen, lands
men,
and boys.

15 Second masters,

60 Pursers,

61 Surgeons, Total,

19,623

 

As proposed.

As at present rates.

Pay and subsistence in commission,

$5,046,464 00

$4,906,424 22

Pay, &c. for navy yards,

110,896 50

128,212 25

Pay, &c for stations,

12,646 25

11,745 75

Pay, &c. for recruiting service,

21,073 75

31,600 00

Pay, &c. for hospitals,

8,250 00

8,245 47

Pay for commissioners,

10,500 00

10,500 00

5,209,830 50

5,096,727 69

Balance in favor of present rates,

113,102 81

$5,209,830 50

$5,209,830 50

C.

The annual expense of maintaining the existing Naval establishment on its present basis, and difference between its cost calculated at the present rates of pay, and those proposed under the new organization, as it was intended to employ the force by the report made to Congress at the commencement of the session.

Statement of the force to be employed in commission, and number of officers, petty officers, seamen, ordinary seamen, landsmen, and boys, upon which the calculations are predicated.

1 Ship of the line,

10 Small vessels, purchased for the suppression of piracy.

2 Frigates, large class,

5 Barges, purchased for the suppression of piracy.

1 Frigate, small class,

7 Navy yards,

1 Frigate, fifth rate,

3 Shore stations,

6 Sloops, 7th rate,

3 Recruiting stations,

5 Sloops,

3 Hospitals.

Officers, Petty Officers, &c.

28 Captains,

8 Chaplains,

30 Master commandants,

55 Masters,

139 Lieutenants,

32 Boatswains,

366 Midshipmen,

31 Gunners,

39 Surgeons,

28 Carpenters,

46 Surgeons' mates,

22 Sailmakers,

41 Pursers,

3,564 Petty officers, seamen, ordinary seamen, landsmen, and boys.

Total,

4,483

According to the present rates of pay, &c.

For navy yards, pay, subsistence, and allowances,

$161,818 73

Navy commissioners,

10,500 00

All other purposes,

1,222,271 00

 

$1,394,589 73

 

According to the rates of pay, &c. in the proposed organization.

For navy yards, pay, and subsistence, &c,

$113,783 50

For navy commissioners,

10,500 00

For all other purposes,

1,152,561 75

1,276,845 25

In favor of proposed organization,

$117,744 48

--912--

D.

Number of navy yards, naval stations, and number of officers and men, marines excepted, necessary for different navy yards, naval stations, recruiting stations, and hospitals, upon the Atlantic coast, with the annual expense thereof, by the present and proposed rates of pay.

The navy yards which are deemed proper to be kept, in time of peace, on the Atlantic coast, are: Portsmouth, Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Washington, Norfolk, and one south of the Chesapeake, which will require the following officers and men;

At present
rates of pay, &c.

At proposed
rates.

7 Captains,

$24,183 25

$21,000 00

4 Masters commandant,

8,043 00

6,000 00

7 Lieutenants,

8,967 00

7,000 00

7 Masters,

6,650 00

3 Second masters,

9,417 00

1,950 00

3 Chaplains,

2,737 50

2,400,00

7 Pursers,

7,992 25

7,000 00

7 Surgeons,

9,168 25

8,400 00

7 Surgeons' mates,

6,655 25

4,620 00

8 Boatswains,

5,934 00

4,200 00

8 Gunners,

5,934 00

3,500 00

28 Midshipmen,

6,384 00

11,900 00

6 Stewards,

1,843 50

1,627 50

49 Seamen,

11,527 25

11,527 25

49 Ordinary seamen,

10,351 25

10,351. 25

Total, 200

$119,138 00

$108,126 00

In favor of proposed rates of pay,

$11,012 00

The naval stations which may
be necessary to be kept up are
Boston, New York, and Norfolk,
and will require—

*1 Vice admiral,

7,706 25

4,225 0O

*1 Commodore,

7,706 25

2,960 00

*1 Captain,

7,706 25

2,535 00

3. Lieutenants,

1,987 50

2,441 25

9 Midshipmen,

2,052 00

3,802 50

Total, 15

$11,745 75

$15,963 75

Five recruiting stations will require—

3,860.00

2 Captains,

2,895 00

3 Masters commandant,

3,802 50

3,528 75

5 Lieutenants,

6,506 25

4,068 75

5 Surgeons,

6,650 50

4,668 75

5 Midshipmen,

4,333 75

2,112 50

Total, 20

$25,152 50

$17,273 75

Three hospitals will require—

3 Surgeons,

5,794 47

6,000 00

3 Surgeons' mates,

2,496 00

2,250 00

Total, 6

$8,245 47

$8,250 00

Statement of the number and description of vessels which it is deemed advisable to retain at Sackett's Harbor, and the number of officers and men, proposed to be retained at that place for the present, with the annual expense thereof.

Two ships of the line on the stocks.

At
present
rates of pay,
&c.

At
proposed
rates.

1 Master commandant,

$1,960 00

$1,800 00

1 Lieutenant,

1,281 00

750 00

1 Master,

941 75

750 00

1 Purser,

1,141 75

1,000 00

1 Surgeon's mate,

950 75

660 00

1 Boatswain,

741 75

1,000 00

1 Gunner,

741 75

800 00

2 Seamen,

470 50

470 50

4 Ordinary seamen,

845 00

845 00

$9,074 25

$8,075 50

After the stores are removed or sold, only one commissioned officer and one gunner will be required upon this station, the annual expense of which will not exceed $1,900.

* Calculated as three captains at double rations.

--913--

A bill for the reorganization of the Naval Establishment.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United Stales of America, in Congress assembled, That the naval establishment shall consist of not less than the following grades, and number of commissioned and warrant officers, viz:

1 Vice admiral,

10 Chaplains,

2 Rear admirals,

40 Pursers,

3 Commodores,

40 Surgeons,

25 Captains,

56 Surgeons' mates,

23 Masters commandant,

400 Masters' mates and midshipmen,

149 Lieutenants,

26 Boatswains,

61 Sub-lieutenants,

26 Gunners,

19 Masters,

16 Carpenters,

6 Second masters.

16 Sailmakers.

And be it further enacted, That whenever, in the opinion of the President of the United States, the interests of the country shall require a greater number of commissioned and warrant officers than is provided for by the preceding section, he shall be, and hereby is, authorized to increase the number in each grade, so that the same shall not exceed the following, viz:

1 Vice admiral,

30 Chaplains,

2 Rear admirals,

60 Pursers,

3 Commodores,

61 Surgeons,

47 Captains,

102 Surgeons' mates,

25 Masters commandant,

811 Masters' mates and midshipmen,

256 Lieutenants,

56 Boatswains,

78 Sub-lieutenants,

56 Gunners,

35 Masters,

46 Carpenters,

15 Second masters,

43 Sailmakers.

And be it further enacted, That the number of petty officers, seamen, ordinary seamen, landsmen, and boys, to be employed in the navy, shall be regulated by the President of the United States, according as the necessities of the public service may require.

And be it further enacted, That the pay and emoluments of all flag officers, and persons acting as flag officers, and the pay and emoluments of persons attached to flag officers, when in active service, shall be as follows, viz:

Pay per month.

Number of daily rations.

Class for prize money

Flag officers.—Vice admiral,

$200

20

First.

Rear admiral,

150

18

Commodore,

125

16

Captain, appointed commander-in-chief of a squadron,

120

12

Captain, acting as a captain of the fleet,

125

16

Surgeon, acting as surgeon of the fleet,

100

8

Second

Lieutenant, acting as flag lieutenant,

50

4

Secretary to vice admiral,

65

1

Third.

Secretary to rear admiral,

60

1

Secretary to commodore,

50

1

Secretary to captain commander-in-chief of a squadron,

40

1

Admiral's, or commodore's coxswain,

18

1

Fifth

Admiral's, or commodore's steward,

18

1

Admiral's, or commodore's cook,

18

1

And be it further enacted, That when a flag officer shall be appointed commander-in-chief of a fleet or squadron, or when a flag officer shall succeed to the command in chief of a fleet or squadron, upon foreign service, by the death or resignation of his superior, he shall receive double rations while acting as such.

And be it further enacted, That whenever a captain shall be appointed commander-in-chief of a squadron, he shall wear such distinguishing pennant as may be directed, and shall receive double rations while he is authorized to wear such pennant as commander-in-chief.

And be it further enacted, That a captain, succeeding to the command in chief of a fleet or squadron, upon a foreign station, by the death or resignation of his superior officer, shall be entitled to the same pay and emoluments as a captain appointed to the command in chief of a fleet or squadron, so long as he performs the duties of that situation, but he shall hoist no distinguishing flag or pennant that he was not previously authorized to wear.

And be it further enacted, That the increase of pay and emoluments to a captain, acting as captain of a fleet; to a lieutenant, acting as flag lieutenant; and to a surgeon, when acting as surgeon of a fleet, shall only be allowed when those officers are actually employed in those capacities in a fleet or squadron.

And be it further enacted, That the pay and emoluments of secretaries shall only be allowed for the time when the respective officers to whom they may be attached shall be entitled to receive the pay of active service.

And be it further enacted, That seven per centum of the nett proceeds of all prize money, lawfully accruing to the officers and crews of the vessels of a squadron, acting under the orders of any of the flag officers of the squadron, shall belong to, and be divided, as hereinafter, directed, among the flag officers of such squadron; provided their flags are flying within the limits of their station when the capture is made.

And be it further enacted, That, if there are but two flag officers entitled to share in the same capture, the superior or senior officer shall receive two-third parts, and the inferior one-third part of the amount. If there are more than two flag officers entitled to share, the superior or senior officer shall have one-half, and the remaining half shall be equally divided among the others.

And be it further enacted, That captains, when commanders in chief of fleets or, squadrons, shall be considered as flag officers in all captures made by vessels under their command, while they continue to act as commanders in chief within the limits of their station, but shall only share as captains in all other situations.

And be it further enacted, That the vessels of war shall be rated as follows, viz:

First rate vessels, mounting one hundred guns and upwards.

Second rate vessels, mounting over seventy-four and under one hundred guns.

Third rate frigates of the largest size.

Fourth rate frigates of the second size.

Fifth rate post ships, mounting twenty-six and under thirty-six guns.

Sixth rate sloops, mounting eighteen and under twenty-six guns,

Seventh rate vessels, under eighteen guns.

And be it further enacted, That the pay and emoluments of all officers, and others attached to vessels in commission, and the distribution of the nett proceeds of prize money accruing to such officers and others shall be as is established in the annexed table and note, marked C.

--914--

And be it further enacted, That the navy yards of the United States shall be arranged in two classes, as follows:

First Class-- Portsmouth, New Hampshire Second Class-- Lake Ontario
Charlestown, Massachusetts Lake Champlain,
Brooklyn, New York,

Lake Erie, while they
are continued as
navy yards or
stations.

Philadelphia,
Washington,
Gosport, Virginia, and one
South of the Chesapeake

And be it further enacted, That the annual compensation to the officers attached to the navy yards and navy hospitals, in lieu of all other pay and emoluments whatever, house rent or quarters excepted, shall be as follows, viz:

RANK

1st Class.

2d Class.

Navy
Hospitals.

To a Captain commandant,

$3,000

$2,000

Master commandant commanding.

1,800

1,500

Master commandant not commanding,

1,500

Lieutenants,

1,000

750

Masters,

950

750

Surgeons,

$2,000

Surgeons,

*1,200

850

Surgeons' mates; if passed,

660

660

750

Surgeons' mates, not passed,

540

540

540

Pursers,

1,000

Pursers, acting as storekeepers,

1,500

1,000

Midshipmen, if passed for lieutenants,

425

425

Midshipmen, not passed,

325

325

Boatswain,

600

450

Gunner,

500

400

Chaplain,

800

Surgeon, acting as medical purveyors,

2,000

And be it further enacted, That captains commanding stations shall receive not exceeding the pay and emoluments of captains attached to first rate ships, in lieu of. all other allowances.

And be it further enacted. That if a captain shall be appointed to command a naval station, and a navy yard included within it, he shall receive the pay allowed to the commandants of the navy yard, and no more, And be. it further enacted, That if a flag officer be appointed to the command of a naval station, he shall receive the pay and emoluments allowed to an officer of his grade, when employed at sea, and not commanding in chief.

And be it further enacted, That the pay and emoluments of officers permanently attached to recruiting stations, in lieu of all other allowances whatever, excepting to the commanding officer, who shall be further allowed a sum not exceeding three dollars for every person he shall enlist into the service, and deliver to the proper officer, conformably, to the instructions of the Secretary of the Navy, shall be as follows, viz:

RANK.

Monthly pay.

Rations per diem.

If a Captain,

$75

6

Master commandant,

60

5

Lieutenant,

45

3

Surgeon,

55

3

Surgeon's mates, if passed,

40

2

Surgeon's mates, not passed,

30

2

Midshipman,

20

2

And be it further enacted, That whenever an officer shall be employed upon special service, relating to, the navy, other than is provided for in this act, the Secretary of the Navy may allow him such rate of pay and emolument as he may deem proper, provided it does not exceed the highest rate or pay and emoluments to which officers of his grade may be entitled when in active service at sea.

And be it further enacted, That all officers, not attached to vessels in commission, to navy yards; naval stations, recruiting stations, hospitals, or employed upon special-service by order of the Secretary of the Navy, or a commander-in-chief upon a foreign station, shall be allowed an annual compensation, to be denominated reduced pay, and which shall be as is established in the annexed table, marked G, except in the cases mentioned in the next succeeding section.

And be it further enacted, That any officer who shall be furloughed, or who shall have been excused from service at his own request, when receiving reduced pay, for any other cause than inability to perform the service, from sickness, shall receive an annual pay, which shall be called furlough pay, as is established in the annexed table, marked H; provided he shall not have declined to perform active service when ordered from furlough pay, nor have exceeded the limits of his furlough, except from unavoidable necessity; in which cases he shall no longer receive any pay, and be further punished at the discretion of a court-martial.

And be it further enacted, That the President of the United States may, in time of peace, permit captains, masters commandant, lieutenants, sub-lieutenants, masters, second masters, and midshipmen, to engage in the merchants', or any other sea service, and that to such of those officers who are thus employed, captains and masters commandant excepted, reduced pay may be allowed for the time they are actually at sea, as an inducement for them to avail themselves of such opportunities for improving themselves in seamanship.

And be it further enacted, That all marine officers and marines, stationed or employed within the limits of a navy yard, or on board vessels in ordinary, shall be subject to the laws and regulations for the government of the navy, in the same manner as they now are when employed on board ships of the United States at sea.

And be it further enacted, That all navy storekeepers may be taken from the pursers of the navy, or shall be appointed by warrant from the President of the United States, and be subject to the laws and regulations for the government of the navy of the United States; and their pay shall be established by the President of the United States, having regard to their relative responsibilities.

And be it further enacted, That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby, authorized to assign such number of the officers', petty officers, seamen, and marines, of the navy, to the different vessels, navy yards, and stations, as he may deem most advantageous to the public service: Provided, That the whole number employed in each grade does, not exceed the number authorized by this act.

And be it further enacted, That all such acts, or parts of acts, heretofore passed, as shall be at variance with, or opposed to the provisions of this act, shall be, and are hereby, repealed.

And be it further enacted, That all the provisions of this act shall take effect from and after the — day of — next,

* Unless entitled to more by length of service; in that case his annual amount of pay and rations.

--915--

C.

Pay and rations for officers, petty officers, seamen, ordinary seamen, landsmen, and boys, attached to the different rates of vessels in the navy when they are in commission.

Class for prizes to sixth
rate, inclusive, and the proportion for each class.

RANK OR STATION.

FIRST RATE.

SECOND RATE.

THIRD RATE.

FOURTH RATE.

FIFTH RATE.

SIXTH RATE.

SEVENTH RATE

SMALL VESSELS.

Class for prizes under sixth rate, and the proportion for each class.

No.

Pay per month.

No. of rations.

No.

Pay per month.

No. of rations.

No.

Pay per month.

No. of rations.

No.

Pay per month.

No. of rations.

No.

Pay per month.

No. of rations.

No.

Pay per month.

No. of rations.

No.

Pay per month.

No. of rations.

No.

Pay per month.

No. of rations.

I.

13 per ct. for com'r 7 do. flag officers 20

Captains,

1

120

12

1

110

10

1

105

8

1

100

8

1

75

6

I.

20 per cent. 7 for flag officers

13 for comm'r.

Masters commandant,

1

60

5

1

60

5

Lieutenants commandant,

or 50

4

1

50

4

II.

10 per cent.

First lieutenants,

1

50

4

1

50

4

1

45

3

1

45

3

1

45

3

1

40

3

1

40

3

1

40

3

II.

10 per cent.

Other lieutenants,

8

45

3

7

45

3

4

40

3

3

40

3

2

40

3

2

40

3

Sub-lieutenants,

1

35

3

1

*

1

1

2

+

2

+

2

+

2

+

Masters,

1

45

3

1

45

3

1

40

3

1

40

3

III.

8 per cent

Second masters,

1

30

3

1

30

3

III.

8 per cent.

Chaplains,

1

45

3

1

45

3

1

40

3

1

40

3

Surgeons, (see note)

1

1

1

1

1

1

Pursers,

1

40

2

1

*

1

1

1

1

Boatswains,

1

30

2

1

28

2

1

25

2

1

25

2

1

20

2

1

20

2

Gunners,

1

30

2

1

28

2

1

25

2

1

25

2

1

20

2

1

20

2

Carpenters,

1

30

2

1

28

2

1

25

2

1

25

2

1

20

2

1

20

2

Midshipmen, if acting as masters' mates, and passed for lieutenants, Midshipmen, if acting as masters' mates,

Midshipmen, if acting as masters' mates, and not passed for lieutenants,

5

25

2

4

3

3

2

2

1

20

2

Surgeons' mates, if passed for surgeons,

Surgeons' mates, if not passed for surgeons

3

40

2

3

2

2

1

1

1

#

1

#

IV.

5 per cent.

IV.

15 per cent.

30

2

Midshipmen, if passed for lieutenants,

25

20

2

20

*

16

12

10

8

5

3

Midshipmen, if not passed for lieutenants,

19

1

*

Schoolmasters,

1

30

1

1

30

1

Clerks,

1

25

1

1

*

1

1

1

1

Sailmakers,

1

25

2

1

25

2

1

20

2

1

20

1

1

20

1

1

20

1

Armorers,

1

18

1

1

18

1

1

18

1

1

18

1

1

15

1

1

15

1

1

15

1

1

18

1

Boatswains' mates,

6

18

1

6

18

1

4

18

1

3

18

1

2

15

1

1

15

1

1

18

1

1

18

1

Gunners' mates,

3

18

1

3

18

1

2

18

1

2

18

1

2

15

1

1

15

1

1

18

1

1

18

1

Carpenters' mates,

2

18

1

2

18

1

2

18

1

1

18

1

1

15

1

1

15

1

1

18

1

Masters at arms,

1

18

1

1

18

1

1

18

1

1

18

1

1

15

1

1

15

1

1

15

1

Coxswains,

1

18

1

1

18

1

1

18

1

1

18

1

1

15

1

1

15

1

Ships' corporals,

2

15

1

2

15

1

2

15

1

1

15

1

Coopers

1

15

1

1

15

1

1

15

1

1

15

1

1

12

1

1

12

1

* Same pay in all rates, + One to do master's duty. # To act as surgeon.

--916--

C—Continued.

Class for prizes to sixth rate, inclusive,andthe
proportion for each class.

RANK OR STATION..

FIRST RATE.

SECOND RATE.

THIRD RATE.

FOURTH RATE.

FIFTH RATE.

SIXTH RATE.

SEVENTH RATE.

SMALL VESSELS.

Class for prizes under sixth rate, and the proportion for each class.

No.

Pay per month

No. of Rations.

No.

Pay per month

No. of Rations.

No.

Pay per month

No. of Rations.

No.

Pay per month

No. of Rations.

No.

Pay per month

No. of Rations.

No.

Pay per month

No. of Rations.

No.

Pay per month

No. of Rations.

No.

Pay per month

No. of Rations.

V.

12 per cent.

Ships' cooks,

1

18

1

1

18

1

1

18

1

1

1

1

15

1

1

15

1

1

15,

1

1

12

1

V.

12 per cent.

Cooks' mates,

2

15

1

2

15

1

2

15

1

2

15

1

2

12

1

2

12

1

2

10

1

Sailmakers' mates,

2

15

1

2

15

1

1

15

1

1

15

1

1

15

1

1

15

1

1

15

1

Quartermasters,

12

15

1

10

+

8

6

5

4

2

2

Quartergunners,

24

15

1

20

+

12

10

8

6

3

2

Captains of tops,

9

15

1

6

+

6

4

3

3

2

Captains of forecastle.

3

15

1

3

+

2

2

2

2

2

1

Captains of afterguard,

2

15

1

2

+

2

2

2

2

2

1

Captains of mast,

2

15

1

2

+

2

2

2

2

1

Captains of hold,

2

15

1

2

+

2

2

1

1

1

1

Yeomen,

3

15

1

3

+

3

3

3

2

1

Pursers' stewards,

1

15

1

1

+

1

1

1

1

1

1

Steward's mates,

1

12

1

1

12

1

VI.

35 per cent.

Seamen,

350

350

150

115

55

55

VI.

35 per cent.

Ordinary seamen,

400

260

130

105

40

40

Landsmen,

160

90

40

26

5

5

Boys, first class,

48

30

18

14

5

5

Boys, second class,

36

20

10

8

5

5

MARINES.

II.

Captains,

Marines have the same pay and allowance in all rates.

III.

First lieutenants,

Second lieutenants,

V.

Sergeants,

Corporals

V.

Music,

VI.

Privates,

VI.

-Note.—Surgeons who shall-have performed less than two years' sea service, as such, shall receive $50 per month and two rations per diem.

If they shall have performed over two years' sea service, as such, and under four years, shall have $55 per month and three rations per diem.

If they shall have performed over four years' sea service, as such, and under six years, shall have $60 per month and four rations per diem.

If they shall have performed over six years' sea service, as such, and under eight years, shall have $65 per month and five rations per diem.

If they shall have performed over eight years' sea service, as such, and under ten years, shall have $70 per month and six rations per diem.

If they shall have performed over ten years' sea service, as such, $75 per month and eight rations per diem. When the regulation of pay to officers depends upon the length of their service at sea, sea service shall be considered as confined to service on board of vessels actually in commission for active service at sea.

+ Same pay in all rates.

--917--

G.

H.

RANK.

Annual
reduced
pay.

Annual
furlough
pay.

Vice admiral,

$2,750

$1,375 00

Rear admiral,

2,250

1,125 00

Commodore,

1,900

950 00

Captains, first fourth on the list,

1,650

825 00

Captains, second fourth on the list,

1,400

700 00

Captains, third fourth on the list,

1.250

625 00

Captains, last fourth,

1,100

550 00

Masters commandant, first half on the list,

850

425 00

Masters commandant, second half on the list,

750

375 00

Lieutenants, first half on the list,

550

275 00

Lieutenants, second half on the list,

450

225 00

Sub-lieutenants,

400

200 00

Masters, first half on the list,

500

250 00

Masters, second half on the list,

400

200 00

Second masters,

350

175 00

Midshipmen, if passed for lieutenants,

275

137 50

Midshipmen, if not passed,

200

100 00

Surgeons, if less than two years at sea as such,

580

290 00

Surgeons, if over two and under four years,

680

340 00

Surgeons, if over four and under six years,

780

390 00

Surgeons, if over six and under eight years,

880

440 00

Surgeons, if over eight and under ten years,

980

490 00

Surgeons, if over ten years at sea as such,

1,080

540 00

Surgeons' mates, if passed for surgeons,

440

220 00

Surgeons' mates, if not passed,

360

180 00

Pursers, first half on the list,

500

250 00

Pursers, second half on the list,

400

200 00

Chaplains, if they have been three years at sea as such,

500

250 00

Chaplains, if less than three years at sea as such,

350

175 00

Boatswains, gunners, carpenters, and sailmakers, if they have been seven years at sea as such, the first half on the list,

300

150 00

Boatswains, gunners, carpenters, and sailmakers, if they have been seven years at sea as such, the second half on the list,

200

100 00