THE SUPPRESSION OF THE
AFRICAN SLAVE-TRADE
TO THE
UNITED STATES
OF AMERICA
1638–1870

Volume I

Harvard Historical Studies

1896

Longmans, Green, and Co.

New York


Preface

This monograph was begun during my residence as Rogers Memorial Fellow at Harvard University, and is based mainly upon a study of the sources, i.e., national, State, and colonial statutes, Congressional documents, reports of societies, personal narratives, etc. The collection of laws available for this research was, I think, nearly complete; on the other hand, facts and statistics bearing on the economic side of the study have been difficult to find, and my conclusions are consequently liable to modification from this source.

The question of the suppression of the slave-trade is so intimately connected with the questions as to its rise, the system of American slavery, and the whole colonial policy of the eighteenth century, that it is difficult to isolate it, and at the same time to avoid superficiality on the one hand, and unscientific narrowness of view on the other. While I could not hope entirely to overcome such a difficulty, I nevertheless trust that I have succeeded in rendering this monograph a small contribution to the scientific study of slavery and the American Negro.

I desire to express my obligation to Dr. Albert Bushnell Hart, of Harvard University, at whose suggestion I began this work and by whose kind aid and encouragement I have brought it to a close; also I have to thank the trustees of the John F. Slater Fund, whose appointment made it possible to test the conclusions of this study by the general principles laid down in German universities.

W.E. BURGHARDT Du BOIS.

Wilberforce University,
March, 1896.

 

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234306


APPENDIX C.

TYPICAL CASES OF VESSELS ENGAGED IN THE AMERICAN SLAVE-TRADE.
1619-1864.

This chronological list of certain typical American slavers is not intended to catalogue all known cases, but is designed merely to illustrate, by a few selected examples, the character of the licit and the illicit traffic to the United States.

1619. ——. Dutch man-of-war, imports twenty Negroes into Virginia, the first slaves brought to the continent. Smith, Generall Historie of Virginia (1626 and 1632), p. 126.

1645. Rainbowe, under Captain Smith, captures and imports African slaves into Massachusetts. The slaves were forfeited and returned. Massachusetts Colonial Records, II. 115, 129, 136, 168, 176; III. 13, 46, 49, 58, 84.

1655. Witte paert, first vessel to import slaves into New York. O'Callaghan, Laws of New Netherland (ed. 1868), p. 191, note.

1736, Oct. ——. Rhode Island slaver, under Capt. John Griffen. American Historical Record, I. 312.

1746. ——. Spanish vessel, with certain free Negroes, captured by Captains John Dennis and Robert Morris, and Negroes sold by them in Rhode Island, Massachusetts, and New York; these Negroes afterward returned to Spanish colonies by the authorities of Rhode Island. Rhode Island Colonial Records, V. 170, 176–7; Dawson's Historical Magazine, XVIII. 98.

1752. Sanderson, of Newport, trading to Africa and West Indies. American Historical Record, I. 315–9, 338–42. Cf. above, p. 35, note 4.

1788 (circa). ——. "One or two" vessels fitted out in Connecticut. W.C. Fowler, Historical Status of the Negro in Connecticut, in Local Law, etc., p. 125.

1801. Sally, of Norfolk, Virginia, equipped slaver; libelled and acquitted; owners claimed damages. American State Papers, Commerce and Navigation, I. No. 128.

1803 (?). ——. Two slavers seized with slaves, and brought to Philadelphia; both condemned, and slaves apprenticed. Robert Sutcliff, Travels in North America, p. 219.

307

1804. ——. Slaver, allowed by Governor Claiborne to land fifty Negroes in Louisiana. American State Papers, Miscellaneous, I. No. 177.

1814. Saucy Jack carries off slaves from Africa and attacks British cruiser. House Reports, 17 Cong. 1 sess. II. No. 92, p. 46; 21 Cong. 1 sess. III. No. 348, p. 147.

1816 (circa). Paz, Rosa, Dolores, Nueva Paz, and Dorset, American slavers in Spanish-African trade. Many of these were formerly privateers. Ibid., 17 Cong. 1 sess. II. No. 92, pp. 45–6; 21 Cong. 1 sess. III. No. 348, pp. 144–7.

1817, Jan. 17. Eugene, armed Mexican schooner, captured while attempting to smuggle slaves into the United States. House Doc., 15 Cong. 1 sess. II. No. 12, p. 22.

1817, Nov. 19. Tentativa, captured with 128 slaves and brought into Savannah. Ibid., p. 38; House Reports, 21 Cong. 1 sess. III. No. 348, p. 81. See Friends' View of the African Slave Trade (1824), pp. 44–7.

1818. ——. Three schooners unload slaves in Louisiana. Collector Chew to the Secretary of the Treasury, House Reports, 21 Cong. 1 sess. III. No. 348, p. 70.

1818, Jan. 23. English brig Neptune, detained by U.S.S. John Adams, for smuggling slaves into the United States. House Doc., 16 Cong. 1 sess. III. No. 36 (3).

1818, June. Constitution, captured with 84 slaves on the Florida coast, by a United States army officer. See references under 1818, June, below.

1818, June. Louisa and Merino, captured slavers, smuggling from Cuba to the United States; condemned after five years' litigation. House Doc., 15 Cong. 2 sess. VI. No. 107; 19 Cong. 1 sess. VI.-IX. Nos. 121, 126, 152, 163; House Reports, 19 Cong. 1 sess. II. No. 231; American State Papers, Naval Affairs, II. No. 308; Decisions of the United States Supreme Court in 9 Wheaton, 391.

308

1819. Antelope, or General Ramirez. The Colombia (or Arraganta), a Venezuelan privateer, fitted in the United States and manned by Americans, captures slaves from a Spanish slaver, the Antelope, and from other slavers; is wrecked, and transfers crew and slaves to Antelope; the latter, under the name of the General Ramirez, is captured with 280 slaves by a United States ship. The slaves were distributed, some to Spanish claimants, some sent to Africa, and some allowed to remain; many died. House Reports, 17 Cong. 1 sess. II. No. 92, pp. 5, 15; 21 Cong. 1 sess. III. No. 348, p. 186; House Journal, 20 Cong. 1 sess. pp. 59, 76, 123 to 692, passim. Gales and Seaton, Register of Debates, IV. pt. 1, pp. 915–6, 955–68, 998, 1005; Ibid., pt. 2, pp. 2501–3; American State Papers, Naval Affairs, II. No. 319, pp. 750–60; Decisions of the United States Supreme Court in 10 Wheaton, 66, and 12 Ibid., 546.

1820. Endymion, Plattsburg, Science, Esperanza, and Alexander, captured on the African coast by United States ships, and sent to New York and Boston. House Reports, 17 Cong. 1 sess. II. No. 92, pp. 6, 15; 21 Cong. 1 sess. III. No. 348, pp. 122, 144, 187.

1820. General Artigas imports twelve slaves into the United States. Friends' View of the African Slave Trade (1824), p. 42.

1821 (?). Dolphin, captured by United States officers and sent to Charleston, South Carolina. Ibid., pp. 31–2.

1821. La Jeune Eugθne, La Daphnιe, La Mathilde, and L'Elize, captured by U.S.S. Alligator; La Jeune Eugθne sent to Boston; the rest escape, and are recaptured under the French flag; the French protest. House Reports, 21 Cong. 1 sess. III. No. 348, p. 187; Friends' View of the African Slave Trade (1824), pp. 35–41.

1821. La Pensιe, captured with 220 slaves by the U.S.S. Hornet; taken to Louisiana. House Reports, 17 Cong. 1 sess. II. No. 92, p. 5; 21 Cong. 1 sess. III. No. 348, p. 186.

1821. Esencia lands 113 Negroes at Matanzas. Parliamentary Papers, 1822, Vol. XXII., Slave Trade, Further Papers, III. p. 78.

1826. Fell's Point attempts to land Negroes in the United States. The Negroes were seized. American State Papers, Naval Affairs, II. No. 319, p. 751.

1827, Dec. 20. Guerrero, Spanish slaver, chased by British, cruiser and grounded on Key West, with 561 slaves; a part (121) were landed at Key West, where they were seized by the collector; 250 were seized by the Spanish and taken to Cuba, etc. House Journal, 20 Cong. 1 sess. p. 650; House Reports, 24 Cong. 1 sess. I. No. 268; 25 Cong. 2 sess. I. No. 4; American State Papers, Naval Affairs, III. No. 370, p. 210; Niles's Register, XXXIII. 373.

309

1828, March 11. General Geddes brought into St. Augustine for safe keeping 117 slaves, said to have been those taken from the wrecked Guerrero and landed at Key West (see above, 1827). House Doc., 20 Cong. 1 sess. VI. No. 262.

1828. Blue-eyed Mary, of Baltimore, sold to Spaniards and captured with 405 slaves by a British cruiser. Niles's Register, XXXIV. 346.

1830, June 4. Fenix, with 82 Africans, captured by U.S.S. Grampus, and brought to Pensacola; American built, with Spanish colors. House Doc., 21 Cong. 2 sess. III. No. 54; House Reports, 24 Cong. 1 sess. I. No. 223; Niles's Register, XXXVIII. 357.

1831, Jan. 3. Comet, carrying slaves from the District of Columbia to New Orleans, was wrecked on Bahama banks and 164 slaves taken to Nassau, in New Providence, where they were freed. Great Britain finally paid indemnity for these slaves. Senate Doc., 24 Cong. 2 sess. II. No. 174; 25 Cong. 3 sess. III. No. 216.

1834, Feb. 4. Encomium, bound from Charleston, South Carolina, to New Orleans, with 45 slaves, was wrecked near Fish Key, Abaco, and slaves were carried to Nassau and freed. Great Britain eventually paid indemnity for these slaves. Ibid.

1835, March. Enterprise, carrying 78 slaves from the District of Columbia to Charleston, was compelled by rough weather to put into the port of Hamilton, West Indies, where the slaves were freed. Great Britain refused to pay for these, because, before they landed, slavery in the West Indies had been abolished. Ibid.

1836, Aug.-Sept. Emanuel, Dolores, Anaconda, and Viper, built in the United States, clear from Havana for Africa. House Doc., 26 Cong. 2 sess. V. No. 115, pp. 4–6, 221.

1837. ——. Eleven American slavers clear from Havana for Africa. Ibid., p. 221.

1837. Washington, allowed to proceed to Africa by the American consul at Havana. Ibid., pp. 488–90, 715 ff; 27 Cong, 1 sess. No. 34, pp. 18–21.

310

1838. Prova spends three months refitting in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina; afterwards captured by the British, with 225 slaves. Ibid., pp. 121, 163–6.

1838. ——. Nineteen American slavers clear from Havana for Africa. House Doc., 26 Cong. 2 sess. V. No. 115, p. 221.

1838–9. Venus, American built, manned partly by Americans, owned by Spaniards. Ibid., pp. 20–2, 106, 124–5, 132, 144–5, 330–2, 475–9.

1839. Morris Cooper, of Philadelphia, lands 485 Negroes in Cuba. Niles's Register, LVII. 192.

1839. Edwin and George Crooks, slavers, boarded by British cruisers. House Doc., 26 Cong. 2 sess. V. No. 115, pp. 12–4, 61–4.

1839. Eagle, Clara, and Wyoming, with American and Spanish flags and papers and an American crew, captured by British cruisers, and brought to New York. The United States government declined to interfere in case of the Eagle and the Clara, and they were taken to Jamaica. The Wyoming was forfeited to the United States. Ibid., pp. 92–104, 109, 112, 118–9, 180–4; Niles's Register, LVI. 256; LVII. 128, 208.

1839. Florida, protected from British cruisers by American papers. House Doc., 26 Cong. 2 sess. V. No. 115, pp. 113–5.

1839. ——. Five American slavers arrive at Havana from Africa, under American flags. Ibid., p. 192.

1839. ——. Twenty-three American slavers clear from Havana. Ibid., pp. 190–1, 221.

1839. Rebecca, part Spanish, condemned at Sierra Leone. House Reports, 27 Cong. 3 sess. III. No. 283, pp. 649–54, 675–84.

1839. Douglas and Iago, American slavers, visited by British cruisers, for which the United States demanded indemnity. Ibid., pp. 542–65, 731–55; Senate Doc., 29 Cong. 1 sess. VIII. No. 377, pp. 39–45, 107–12, 116–24, 160–1, 181–2.

1839, April 9. Susan, suspected slaver, boarded by the British. House Doc., 26 Cong. 2 sess. V. No. 115, pp. 34–41.

1839, July-Sept. Dolphin (or Constituηγo), Hound, Mary Cushing (or Sete de Avril), with American and Spanish flags and papers. Ibid., pp. 28, 51–5, 109–10, 136, 234–8; House Reports, 27 Cong. 3 sess. III. No. 283, pp. 709–15.

311

1839, Aug. L'Amistad, slaver, with fifty-three Negroes on board, who mutinied; the vessel was then captured by a United States vessel and brought into Connecticut; the Negroes were declared free. House Doc., 26 Cong. 1 sess. IV. No. 185; 27 Cong. 3 sess. V. No. 191; 28 Cong. 1 sess. IV. No. 83; House Exec. Doc., 32 Cong. 2 sess. III. No. 20; House Reports, 26 Cong. 2 sess. No. 51; 28 Cong. 1 sess. II. No. 426; 29 Cong. 1 sess. IV. No. 753; Senate Doc., 26 Cong. 2 sess. IV. No. 179; Senate Exec. Doc., 31 Cong. 2 sess. III. No. 29; 32 Cong. 2 sess. III. No. 19; Senate Reports, 31 Cong. 2 sess. No. 301; 32 Cong. 1 sess. I. No. 158; 35 Cong. 1 sess. I. No. 36; Decisions of the United States Supreme Court in 15 Peters, 518; Opinions of the Attorneys-General, III. 484–92.

1839, Sept. My Boy, of New Orleans, seized by a British cruiser, and condemned at Sierra Leone. Niles's Register, LVII. 353.

1839, Sept. 23. Butterfly, of New Orleans, fitted as a slaver, and captured by a British cruiser on the coast of Africa. House Doc., 26 Cong. 2 sess. No. 115, pp. 191, 244–7; Niles's Register, LVII. 223.

1839, Oct. Catharine, of Baltimore, captured on the African coast by a British cruiser, and brought by her to New York. House Doc., 26 Cong. 2 sess. V No. 115, pp. 191, 215, 239–44; Niles's Register, LVII. 119, 159.

1839. Asp, Laura, and Mary Ann Cassard, foreign slavers sailing under the American flag. House Doc., 26 Cong. 2 sess. V. No. 115, pp. 126–7, 209–18; House Reports, 27 Cong. 3 sess. III. No. 283, p. 688 ff.

1839. Two Friends, of New Orleans, equipped slaver, with Spanish, Portuguese, and American flags. House Doc., 26 Cong. 2 sess. V. No. 115, pp. 120, 160–2, 305.

1839. Euphrates, of Baltimore, with American papers, seized by British cruisers as Spanish property. Before this she had been boarded fifteen times. Ibid., pp. 41–4; A.H. Foote, Africa and the American Flag, pp. 152–6.

1839. Ontario, American slaver, "sold" to the Spanish on shipping a cargo of slaves. House Doc., 26 Cong. 2 sess. V. No. 115, pp. 45–50.

312

1839. Mary, of Philadelphia; case of a slaver whose nationality was disputed. House Reports, 27 Cong. 3 sess. III. No. 283, pp. 736–8; Senate Doc., 29 Cong. 1 sess. VIII. No. 377, pp. 19, 24–5.

1840, March. Sarah Ann, of New Orleans, captured with fraudulent papers. House Doc., 26 Cong. 2 sess. V. No. 115, pp. 184–7.

1840, June. Caballero, Hudson, and Crawford; the arrival of these American slavers was publicly billed in Cuba. Ibid., pp. 65–6.

1840. Tigris, captured by British cruisers and sent to Boston for kidnapping. House Reports, 27 Cong. 3 sess. III. No. 283, pp. 724–9; Senate Doc., 29 Cong. 1 sess. VIII. No. 377, P. 94.

1840. Jones, seized by the British. Senate Doc., 29 Cong. 1 sess. VIII. No. 377, pp. 131–2, 143–7, 148–60.

1841, Nov. 7. Creole, of Richmond, Virginia, transporting slaves to New Orleans; the crew mutiny and take her to Nassau, British West Indies. The slaves were freed and Great Britain refused indemnity. Senate Doc., 27 Cong. 2 sess. II. No. 51 and III. No. 137.

1841. Sophia, of New York, ships 750 slaves for Brazil. House Doc., 29 Cong. 1 sess. III. No. 43, pp. 3–8.

1841. Pilgrim, of Portsmouth, N.H., Solon, of Baltimore, William Jones and Himmaleh, of New York, clear from Rio Janeiro for Africa. Ibid., pp. 8–12.

1842, May. Illinois, of Gloucester, saved from search by the American flag; escaped under the Spanish flag, loaded with slaves. Senate Doc., 28 Cong. 2 sess. IX. No. 150, p. 72 ff.

1842, June. Shakespeare, of Baltimore, with 430 slaves, captured by British cruisers. Ibid.

1843. Kentucky, of New York, trading to Brazil. Ibid., 30 Cong. 1 sess. IV. No. 28, pp. 71–8; House Exec. Doc., 30 Cong. 2 sess. VII. No. 61, p. 72 ff.

1844. Enterprise, of Boston, transferred in Brazil for slave-trade. Senate Exec. Doc., 30 Cong. 1 sess. IV. No. 28, pp. 79–90.

1844. Uncas, of New Orleans, protected by United States papers; allowed to clear, in spite of her evident character. Ibid., 28 Cong. 2 sess. IX. No. 150, pp. 106–14.

313

1844. Sooy, of Newport, without papers, captured by the British sloop Racer, after landing 600 slaves on the coast of Brazil. House Doc., 28 Cong. 2 sess. IV. No. 148, pp. 4, 36–62.

1844. Cyrus, of New Orleans, suspected slaver, captured by the British cruiser Alert. Ibid., pp. 3–41.

1844–5. ——. Nineteen slavers from Beverly, Boston, Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York, Providence, and Portland, make twenty-two trips. Ibid., 30 Cong. 2 sess. VII. No. 61, pp. 219–20.

1844–9. ——. Ninety-three slavers in Brazilian trade. Senate Exec. Doc., 31 Cong. 2 sess. II. No. 6, pp. 37–8.

1845. Porpoise, trading to Brazil. House Exec. Doc., 30 Cong. 2 sess. VII. No. 61, pp. 111–56, 212–4.

1845, May 14. Spitfire, of New Orleans, captured on the coast of Africa, and the captain indicted in Boston. A.H. Foote, Africa and the American Flag, pp. 240–1; Niles's Register, LXVIII. 192, 224, 248–9.

1845–6. Patuxent, Pons, Robert Wilson, Merchant, and Panther, captured by Commodore Skinner. House Exec. Doc., 31 Cong. 1 sess. IX. No. 73.

1847. Fame, of New London, Connecticut, lands 700 slaves in Brazil. House Exec. Doc., 30 Cong. 2 sess. VII. No. 61, pp. 5–6, 15–21.

1847. Senator, of Boston, brings 944 slaves to Brazil. Ibid., pp. 5–14.

1849. Casco, slaver, with no papers; searched, and captured with 420 slaves, by a British cruiser. Senate Exec. Doc., 31 Cong. 1 sess. XIV No. 66, p. 13.

1850. Martha, of New York, captured when about to embark 1800 slaves. The captain was admitted to bail, and escaped. A.H. Foote, Africa and the American Flag, pp. 285–92.

1850. Lucy Ann, of Boston, captured with 547 slaves by the British. Senate Exec. Doc., 31 Cong. 1 sess. XIV No. 66, pp. 1–10 ff.

1850. Navarre, American slaver, trading to Brazil, searched and finally seized by a British cruiser. Ibid.

1850 (circa). Louisa Beaton, Pilot, Chatsworth, Meteor, R. de Zaldo, Chester, etc., American slavers, searched by British vessels. Ibid., passim.

1851, Sept. 18. Illinois brings seven kidnapped West India Negro boys into Norfolk, Virginia. House Exec. Doc., 34 Cong. 1 sess. XII. No. 105, pp. 12–14.

314

1852–62. ——. Twenty-six ships arrested and bonded for slave-trading in the Southern District of New York. Senate Exec. Doc., 37 Cong. 2 sess. V. No. 53.

1852. Advance and Rachel P. Brown, of New York; the capture of these was hindered by the United States consul in the Cape Verd Islands. Ibid., 34 Cong. 1 sess. XV. No. 99, pp. 41–5; House Exec. Doc., 34 Cong. 1 sess. XII. No. 105, pp. 15–19.

1853. Silenus, of New York, and General de Kalb, of Baltimore, carry 900 slaves from Africa. Senate Exec. Doc., 34 Cong. 1 sess. XV. No. 99, pp. 46–52; House Exec. Doc., 34 Cong. 1 sess. XII. No. 105, pp. 20–26.

1853. Jasper carries slaves to Cuba. Senate Exec. Doc., 34 Cong. 1 sess. XV. No. 99, pp. 52–7.

1853. Camargo, of Portland, Maine, lands 500 slaves in Brazil. Ibid., 33 Cong. 1 sess. VIII. No. 47.

1854. Glamorgan, of New York, captured when about to embark nearly 700 slaves. Ibid., 34 Cong. 1 sess. XV. No. 99, pp. 59–60.

1854. Grey Eagle, of Philadelphia, captured off Cuba by British cruiser. Ibid., pp. 61–3.

1854. Peerless, of New York, lands 350 Negroes in Cuba. Ibid., p. 66.

1854. Oregon, of New Orleans, trading to Cuba. Senate Exec. Doc., 34 Cong. 1 sess. XV. No. 99, pp. 69–70.

1856. Mary E. Smith, sailed from Boston in spite of efforts to detain her, and was captured with 387 slaves, by the Brazilian brig Olinda, at port of St. Matthews. Ibid., pp. 71–3.

1857. ——. Twenty or more slavers from New York, New Orleans, etc. Ibid., 35 Cong. 1 sess. XII. No. 49, pp. 14–21, 70–1, etc.

1857. William Clark and Jupiter, of New Orleans, Eliza Jane, of New York, Jos. H. Record, of Newport, and Onward, of Boston, captured by British cruisers. Ibid., pp. 13, 25–6, 69, etc.

1857. James Buchanan, slaver, escapes under American colors, with 300 slaves. Ibid., p. 38.

1857. James Titers, of New Orleans, with 1200 slaves, captured by British cruiser. Ibid., pp. 31–4, 40–1.

315

1857. ——. Four New Orleans slavers on the African coast. Senate Exec. Doc., 35 Cong. 1 sess., XII. No. 49, p. 30.

1857. Cortes, of New York, captured. Ibid., pp. 27–8.

1857. Charles, of Boston, captured by British cruisers, with about 400 slaves. Ibid., pp. 9, 13, 36, 69, etc.

1857. Adams Gray and W.D. Miller, of New Orleans, fully equipped slavers. Ibid., pp. 3–5, 13.

1857–8. Charlotte, of New York, Charles, of Maryland, etc., reported American slavers. Ibid., passim.

1858, Aug. 21. Echo, captured with 306 slaves, and brought to Charleston, South Carolina. House Exec. Doc., 35 Cong. 2 sess. II. pt. 4, No. 2. pt. 4, pp. 5, 14.

1858, Sept. 8. Brothers, captured and sent to Charleston, South Carolina. Ibid., p. 14.

1858. Mobile, Cortez, Tropic Bird; cases of American slavers searched by British vessels. Ibid., 36 Cong. 2 sess. IV. No. 7, p. 97 ff.

1858. Wanderer, lands 500 slaves in Georgia. Senate Exec. Doc., 35 Cong. 2 sess. VII. No. 8; House Exec. Doc., 35 Cong. 2 sess. IX. No. 89.

1859, Dec. 20. Delicia, supposed to be Spanish, but without papers; captured by a United States ship. The United States courts declared her beyond their jurisdiction. House Exec. Doc., 36 Cong. 2 sess. IV. No. 7, p. 434.

1860. Erie, with 897 Africans, captured by a United States ship. Senate Exec. Doc., 36 Cong. 2 sess. I. No. 1, pp. 41–4.

1860. William, with 550 slaves, Wildfire, with 507, captured on the coast of Cuba. Senate Journal, 36 Cong. 1 sess. pp. 478–80, 492, 543, etc.; Senate Exec. Doc., 36 Cong. 1 sess. XI. No. 44; House Exec. Doc., 36 Cong. 1 sess. XII. No. 83; 36 Cong. 2 sess. V. No. 11; House Reports, 36 Cong. 1 sess. IV. No. 602.

1861. Augusta, slaver, which, in spite of the efforts of the officials, started on her voyage. Senate Exec Doc., 37 Cong. 2 sess. V. No. 40; New York Tribune, Nov. 26, 1861.

1861. Storm King, of Baltimore, lands 650 slaves in Cuba. Senate Exec. Doc., 38 Cong. 1 sess. No. 56, p. 3.

1862. Ocilla, of Mystic, Connecticut, lands slaves in Cuba. Ibid., pp. 8–13.

1864. Huntress, of New York, under the American flag, lands slaves in Cuba. Ibid., pp. 19–21.

316