3302 CONGRESSIONAL INVESTIGATION PEARL HARBOR ATTACK
EXHIBIT NO. 142
MATERIAL RELATING TO "WINDS CODE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Data received concerning establishment and nature of Winds Code.
a. Intercept, Circular #2353 Tokyo to Washington
(use of Code in Japanese short Wave News Broadcast), page 154, Committee
Exhibit 1.
b. Intercept, Circular #2354, Tokyo to Washington (use
of code in Japanese General Intelligence Broadcasts), page 155, Committee
Exhibit 1.
c. Dispatch of Cincaf to OPNAV info. Cincpac, et al,
dated 11/28/41, (Committee Transcript, page 7314)
d. Dispatch from Foote (Batavia) to Secretary of State
Hull date 12/4/41.
e. Dispatch from Thorpe (Batavia) for General Miles,
received War Dept. 12/5/41 (per log of incoming cables, Committee Exhibit
93).
2. Dispatches and Data Relating to Monitoring for Winds "execute".
a. OPNAV to Cincaf, Cincpac dated 11/28/41 (Committee
Transcript, page 7316).
b. Comsixteen action Cincaf, info. Cincpac, OPNAV,
Comfourteen, dated 12/1/41, (Committee Transcript, page 7315).
c. General Miles dispatch to G-2, Honolulu, date 12/5/41,
Committee Exhibit 32.
3. Certification of Secretary FCC, dated 8/18/44, with attachments as follows:
a. Messages FCC requested to monitor (Doc. No. 1.)
b. Message intercepted by FCC 12/4/41 (Doc. No. 2.)
c. Message intercepted by FCC 12/4/41 (Doc. No. 3.)
d. Two messages intercepted by FCC 12/8/41. (Doc. No.
4.)
4. Material relating to whether winds "execute" message sent or received.
a. Communications from Army liaison officer to Committee
dated 12/3/45 and enclosed cables between War Dept. and General MacArthur.
b. Summary of interview of SHINROKU TANOMOGI, dated
11/30/45 (enclosure 3 of report to Chief of Staff, War Dept. from General
MacArthur dated 12/13/45-Exhibit 8D, page 6606 of Record.) [4(b) comes
after 4(c) in text. LWJ]
c. Communication dated 12/6/45 from State Dept. To
Committee Counsel, with enclosed paraphrase of State Dept. Cable dated
11/6/45, relative to monitoring for winds execute message by British, Australia
and Dutch East Indies.
d. Same dated 11/20/45, with enclosed paraphrase of
cable dated 11/16/45 from Canberra to State Dept.
e. Same dated 12/5/45 with enclosed paraphrase of cable
dated 12/4/45 from London to State Dept.
5. List of messages appearing in Committee Exhibit 1 dealing with instructions to Japanese representatives to destroy codes, sent through ordinary channels of communication.
6. Material relating to Navy intercept JD-1: 7001, marked "canceled."
a. Navy memorandum dated 11/8/45 re special studies
concerning JD-1: 7001, with enclosure.
b. Examples of JD 1 #'8 canceled and JD-1: 6998-7004.
["6(b)" is numbered "8" in the original T.O.C., but
there is no "7" or "8" in the exhibit. LWJ]
[Next entries in TOC added by PHWG, LWJ]
EXHIBIT NO. 142A FCC Communications log.
EXHIBIT NO. 142B "Winds" telegram.
EXHIBIT NO. 142C Responses from U.K. and Netherlands
re "Winds" execute message interception.
1(a)
From: Tokyo To: Washington 19 November 1941 Circular #2353
Regarding the broadcast of a special message in an emergency.
In case of emergency (danger of cutting off of our diplomatic relations), and the cutting off of international communications, the following warning will be added in the middle of the daily Japanese language short wave news broadcast.
(1) In case of a Japan-U. S. relations in danger: HIGASHI NO KAZEAME. [1]
(2) Japan-u. S. S. R. relations: KITANOKAZE KUMORI [2]
(3) Japan-British relations: NISHI NO KAZE HARE. [3]
[1] East wind rain. [2] North wind cloudy. [3] West wind clear.
EXHIBITS OF JOINT COMMITTEE 3303
This signal will be given in the middle and at the end as a weather forecast and each sentence will be repeated twice. When this is heard please destroy all code papers, etc. This is as yet to be a completely secret arrangement.
Forward as urgent intelligence
(Y) Navy Trans. 11-28-41 (S-TT) 25432 JD-1: 6875
1(b) SECRET From: Tokyo To: Washington 19 November 1941 Circular #2354
When our diplomatic relations are becoming dangerous, we will add the following at the beginning and end of our general intelligence broadcasts:
(1) If it is Japan-U. S. relations, "HIGASHI".
(2) Japan-Russia relations, "KITA".
(3) Japan-British relations, (including Thai, Malaya and N. E. I.); "NISHI".
The above will be repeated five times and included at beginning and end.
Relay to Rio de Janeiro, Buenos Aires, Mexico City, San Francisco.
(Y) Navy Trans. 11-26-41 (S) 25392 JD-1: 6850
[1]
1(c) Top Secret 28 November 1941 From: CINCAF Action OPNAV Info COMSIXTEEN CINCPAC COMFOURTEEN 281430
Following Tokyo to net intercept translation received from Singapore X If diplomatic relations are on verge of being severed following words repeated five times at beginning and end of ordinary Tokyo news broadcasts will have significance as follows X Higashi Higashi Japanese American X Kita Kita Russia X Nishi Nishi England including occupation of Thai or invasion of Malaya and Nei XX on Japanese language foreign news broadcasts the following sentences repeated twice in the middle and twice at the end of broadcasts will be used XX America Higashi no Kaze Kumori XX England X Nishi no Kaze hare X Unquote X British and COMSIXTEEN monitoring above broadcasts
1(d)
Telegram Received
BF. This telegram must be closely paraphrased before being communicated to anyone. (SC).
________________ Batavia
From: Dated December 4, 1941
Rec'd. 9:19 a. m.
SECRETARY OF STATE
Washington.
220, December 4, 10 a. m.
War Department at Bandoeng claims intercepted and decoded following from Ministry Foreign Affairs Tokyo:
"When crisis leading to worst arises following will be broadcast at end weather reports: one east wind rain war with United States, two north wind cloudy war with Russia, three west wind clear war with Britain including attack on Thailand or Malaya and Dutch Indies. If spoken twice burn codes and secret papers."
Same re following from Japanese Ambassador Bangkok to Consul General
Batavia:
"When threat of crises exists following will be used five times in texts of general reports and radio broadcasts: one Higashi east America, two Kita North Russia, three Nishi west Britain with advance into Thailand and attack on Malaya and Dutch Indies."
3304 CONGRESSIONAL INVESTIGATION PEARL HARBOR ATTACK
Thorpe and Slawson cabled the above to War Department. I attach little or no importance to it and view it with some suspicion. Such have been common since 1936.
Foote. HSM
1(e) OPNAV RRRRR From: ALUSNA BATAVIA Date: 5 DEC 1941 Decoded by: KALAIDJIAN Paraphrased by: PURDY 031030 CR0222
From Thorpe for miles War Dept. Code intercept:-Japan will notify her consuls of war decision in her foreign broadcasts as weather report at end. East wind rain XXXXXX United States: north wind cloudy Russia: west wind clear England with attack on Thailand Malay and Dutch East Indies. Will be repeated twice or may use compass directions only. In this case words will be introduced five times in general text.
(Signature illegible)
Distribution:
War. Dept. Action Files: CNO 20OP 20A Record Copy: 20C X Show
OPDO Top Secret
Secret
2(a)
Naval Message Navy Department
Message Precedence: Priority XXXX
From OPNAV
Released by: L. F. Safford Com 14
Com 16
Date
TOR CODE ROOM: 2548
CINCAF
CINCPAC
282301
Unless otherwise designated this dispatch will be transmitted with deferred precedence.
New Tokyo broadcast schedules as follows X Jig victor jig one two two seven five kc six pm anti seven pm to Pacific Coast six thirty pm to Western Hemisphere X Jig hypo love five one six zero kc eight pm nine pm and ten pm to China coast X Jig unit option nine four three zero kc six thirty pm to Western Hemisphere X Jig hypo prep one one nine eight zero kc ten thirty pm to Europe X Probably Tokyo time.
Top Secret--Ultra Secret
2(b) 1 December 1941 Top secret From: Action: CINCAF Info: CINCPAC, OPNAV COMFOURTEEN 011422
Jig victor jig press tonight in closing seventeen hundred schedule stated quote "All listeners be sure and listen in at zero seven zero zero and zero seven thirty tomorrow morning, since there may be important news" unquote XX Suggest frequencies seven three two seven X nine four three zero X and one two two seven five X times Tokyo lct.
EXHIBITS OF JOINT COMMITTEE 3305
2(c)
Sent No. 519, 12/5 Secret
DECEMBER 5, 1941.
ASSISTANT CHIEF OF STAFF HEADQUARTERS,
G2 Hawaiian Department,
Honolulu, Territory Hawaii:
Contact Commander Rochefort immediately thru Commandant Fourteen Naval District regarding broadcasts from Tokyo reference weather.
Miles.
Top Secret Secret UNITED STATES OF AMERICA FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION, Washington, D. C., August 18, 1944.
I hereby certify that the attached are true copies of documents described as follows:
Document No. 1 is a true copy of the weather messages which Major Wesley T. Guest (now Colonel), U. S. Army Signal Corps, requested the Commission's monitors to be on the lookout for in Tokyo broadcasts and to advise Colonel Bratton, Army Military Intelligence, if any such message was intercepted. This request was made on November 28, 1941 at approximately 2140 GMT.
Document No. 2 is a true copy of a weather message from Tokyo station JVW3, intercepted by Commission monitors at approximately 2200 GMT, December 4 194l, which at 9:05 p. m. EST, December 4, 1941, having been unable to contact Colonel Bratton's office, was telephoned to Lieutenant Brotherhood, 20-G, Watch Officer, Navy Department, who stated that he was authorized to accept messages of interest to Colonel Bratton's office.
Document No. 3 is a true copy of a weather message from Tokyo station JVW3, intercepted by Commission monitors at 2130 GMT, December 5, 1941, which was telephoned to Colonel Bratton at his residence at 7:50 p. m. EST, December 5, 1941.
Document No. 4 is a true copy of two weather messages intercepted by Commission monitors from Tokyo stations JLG 4 and JZJ between 0002 and 0035 GMT, December 8, 1941, and telephoned to Lt. Colonel C. C. Dusenbury, U. S. Army Service Corps, at the request of Colonel Bratton's office at approximately 8 p. m. EST, December 7, 1941. Document No. 4 also contains the Romaji version of these messages.
on file in this Commission, and that I am the proper custodian of the same.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand, and caused the seal of the Federal Communications Commission to be affixed, this twenty-first day of August, 1944.
[SEAL] T. J. SLOWIE
Secretary
Top Secret
3(a)
DOCUMENT No. 1
GROUP ONE IS EAST WIND RAIN
GROUP TWO IS NORTH WIND CLOUDY AND
GROUP THREE IS WEST WIND CLEAR STOP
GROUPS REPEATED TWICE IN MIDDLE AND AT END OF BROADCAST
The above are the weather messages Major Wesley T. Guest requested the Commission to monitor on November 28, 1941.
3306 CONGRESSIONAL INVESTIGATION PEARL HARBOR ATTACK
3(b) Secret DOCUMENT No. 2
TOKYO TODAY NORTH WIND SLIGHTLY STRONGER MAY BECOME CLOUDY TONIGHT TOMORROW SLIGHTLY CLOUDY AND FINE WEATHER
KANAGAWA PREFECTURE TODAY NORTH WIND CLOUDY FROM AFTERNOON MORE CLOUDS
CHIBA PREFECTURE TODAY NORTH WIND CLEAR MAY BECOME SLIGHTLY CLOUDY OCEAN SURFACE CALM
Weather message from station JVW3 transmitted at approximately 2200 GMT December 4, 1941.
3(c)
Secret
DOCUMENT No. 3
TODAY NORTH WIND MORNING CLOUDY AFTERNOON CLEAR BEGIN CLOUDY EVENING. TOMORROW NORTH WIND AND LATER FROM SOUTH. (repeated 3 times)
Weather message from Tokyo station JVW3 transmitted at approximately 2130 gmt December 5, 1941.
3(d)
Secret
DOCUMENT No. 4
English Romaji
This is in the middle of the news but Nyusu no tochu de gozaimasu ga
today, specially at this point I will honjitsu wa toku ni koko de tenki
give the weather forecast: yoho wo moshiage masu
WEST WIND, CLEAR NISHI NO KAZE HARE
WEST WIND, CLEAR NISHI NO KAZE HARE
This is in the middle of the news but Nyusu no tochu de gozaimasu ga
today, at this point specially I will kyo wa koko de toku ni tenki
give the weather forecast: yoho wo moshiage masu
WEST WIND, CLEAR NISHI NO KAZE HARE
WEST WIND, CLEAR NISHI NO KAZE HARE
Above are the two weather messages from Tokyo stations JLG4 and JZJ transmitted by them between 0002 and 0035 GMT December 8, 1941.
4(a)
WAR DEPARTMENT,
Washington, D. C., Room 4D761, the Pentagon, 3 December 1945.
Memorandum for Mr. Mitchell
Pursuant to your request the War Department directed General MacArthur's Headquarters to make inquiries in Japan concerning the Winds Code.
Attached are unparaphrased copies of the cables exchanged between the War Department and General MacArthur.
HARMON DUNCOMBE,
Lt. Colonel, GSC.
Incl.
EXHIBITS OF JOINT COMMITTEE 3307
4(c)
DEPARTMENT OF STATE,
Washington, December 6, 1945.
DEAR MR. MITCHELL: In compliance with your request of December 3, 1945,
I enclose a paraphrase of our cable of November 6, 1945 to London, the Hague and Canberra inquiring about the "winds" message.
My letter of yesterday advised you of the answers we have received from London and the Hague.
Sincerely yours,
/s/ Herbert S. Marks,
/t/ HERBERT S. MARKS,
Assistant to the Under Secretary
Enclosure:
Paraphrased cable.
The Honorable WILLIAM D. MITCHELL, General Counsel,
Joint Committee on the Investigation
of the Pearl Harbor Attack,
Congress of the United States.
30 OCTOBER 1945.
GSB 168
From: War Department
To: Commander-in-Chief, Advance Hq. US Army Forces, Pacific, Tokyo
On 19 Nov 1941 Japanese Foreign Office advised its representatives abroad that in case diplomatic relations with United States, Great Britain or Russia were about to be severed a certain signal in form of false weather report would be broadcast in news message and that all code papers were then to be destroyed. Signal was to be "Higashi No Kaze Ame" (east wind rain) in case of break between Japan and United States, "Kitano Kaze Kumori" (north wind cloudy) in case of break between Japan and Russia and "Nishi No Kaze Hare" (west wind clear) in case of break between Japan and Great Britain. Congressional committee investigating Pearl Harbor attack has requested that Japanese records and authorities be examined to ascertain whether any signal implementing this or any similar code was in fact transmitted on or prior to 7 Dec and if so exact time and manner of transmittal. Inconclusive evidence available here suggests such signal may have been transmitted on or about 4 Dec. Request that all reasonable steps be taken to obtains such information and that this request and resulting information receive no publicity.
3 NOVEMBER 1945.
BSG 187
From: Commander-in-Chief, Advance Hq. US Army Forces, Pacific, Tokyo
To: War Department
GSB 168 dated 31 Oct investigation has been initiated and results thereof will be communicated at the earliest practicable date. Progress in work of this kind is of necessity somewhat slow. However, every effort will be made to expedite it. Necessary steps have been taken to avoid publicity.
GSB 180 6 NOVEMBER 1941.
From: War Department.
To: Commander-in-Chief, Advance Hq. US Army Forces, Pacific, Tokyo.
Supplementing GSB 168 there follows full Japanese text of two
circulars from Tokyo Foreign Office dated 19 Nov 1941:
Circular 2353. Kanchoo fugoo atsukai kokusai jigyoo no hippaku no kekka itsu saiaku no jitai ni tachi itaru kamo hakararezaru tokoro kakaru baii wagahoo to aitekoku tono tsuushin wa tadachi ni teishi serarubeki wo motte wagahoo no gaikoo kankei kiken ni hinsuru baai ni wa waga kaigai
3308 CONGRESSIONAL INVESTIGATION PEARL HARBOR ATTACK
hoosoo no kakochi muke nihohoo news no chuukan oyobi saigo ni oite tenki yohoo to shite. 1. Nichibei kankei no base ni wa "higashi no kaze ame". 2. Nichiso kankei no baai ni wa "kite no kaze kumori". 3. Nichiei kankei no baai ("tai" shinehuu "maree" Netherlands E. I. kooryoku oboe fukumu ("nishi no kaze hare". 02 do zutsu kurikaeshi hoosoo seshimeru koto to sew wo motte migi ni yori angoo, shorui too tekitoo shobun aritashi. Nao migi wa gen ni gokuhi atsukai to seraretashi.
Circular 2354: Gokuhi. Wagahoo no gaikoo kankai kiken ni hinsen to suru baai ni wa ippah joohoo hoosoo no bootoo oyobi matsubi ni: 1. Nichibei kankei hippaku no baud ni wa "higashi". 2. Nichiso kankei no base niwa "kita". 3. Nichei kankei ("tai" shin chuu "maree" Netherlands E I. kooryoku oboe fukmllu (no baai mi wa "nishi". Narugo 05 do ate soonyuu subeki ni tsuki goryooehi aritashi.
Both messages sent in ____________________[1] Believe broadcasts mentioned for signaling in circular 2353 were voice broadcasts and those in 2354 were Morse code.
[1] Code designation omitted.
BSG 196 13 NOVEMBER 1945. From: Commander-in-Chief, Advance Hq. US Army Forces Pacific, Tokyo. To: War Department.
Reference message 1 November requiring search of Jap records and interrogation of authorities to ascertain whether an implementing signal to circulars 2353 and 2354 (see GSB 180) Tokyo Foreign Office 19 November 1941 was ever transmitted. Investigation discloses that all pertinent records were burned prior to emperor's rescript of 14 August 1945. Interrogation of authorities so far has resulted in absolute denial of transmission of such an implementing message and existence of any prearranged instructions which would permit transmission of such an implementing signal. It would help the investigation if pertinent authorities could be confronted with circulars 2353 and 2354. This has not been done before in order to avoid disclosing to the Japanese the fact that we had this info. Investigation will be continued but without much prospect of success unless appropriate authorities can be confronted with circulars mentioned.
GSB 186 13 NOVEMBER 1945. From: War Department. To: Commander-in-Chief, Advance Hq. US Army Forces Pacific, Tokyo.
Reference BSG 196 you are authorized to confront Japanese officials with copies of circulars 2353 and 2364 but without disclosing when or by what means they were obtained.
21 NOVEMBER 1945.
BSG 210
From: Commander-in-Chief, Advance Hq. US Army Forces Pacific, Tokyo.
To: War Department
In reply to radiogram 31 October 1945, GSB-168, the results of interrogation of number of employees have indicated that signal implementing circular 2353 and 2354, was probably not transmitted prior to 8 December, Tokyo time, but was transmitted by radio voice broadcast at some hour after 0230, 8 December, Tokyo time. Exact hour unknown. No evidence can be obtained that implementing signal was transmitted by radio telegraph. 1 employee, now in Tokyo, states that he received radio voice broadcast signal in Rangoon at 0930, 8 December, Tokyo time (0630 Rangoon time). No info has been obtained that any signal implementing similar code was transmitted.
As stated in my message number BSG-196, the burning of pertinent records prior to Emperor's rescript of 14 August 1945 precluded obtaining info on this subject from that source.
Furthermore, individuals who were in authority at time under consideration admitted nothing until they were confronted with circulars 2353 and 2354 of Tokyo Foreign Office, 19 November 1941, pursuant to authority contained in your GSB-186.
These employees did not learn when or by what means these circulars were obtained.
Further investigation here appears unprofitable. Request authority to discontinue it.
EXHIBITS OF JOINT COMMITTEE 3309
24 NOVEMBER 1945. GSB 196 From: War Department To: Commander-in-Chief, Advance Hq. US Army Forces Pacific, Tokyo
Reference BSG 210. Only use of Winds code (either voice or radio telegraph) shown here by available contemporaneous records is voice broadcast from Tokyo between 01302 and 0935 on 8 December Tokyo time using code words referring to British Japanese relations. In order to assist in evaluating information given in your BSG 210, Joint Congressional Pearl Harbor Committee desires to know first whether persons who conducted interrogation or those who were interrogated had any knowledge that prior to the interrogation of the United States had information establishing use of Winds code on 8 December Tokyo time, and, secondly, if such persons did have such knowledge, whether they knew that the United States had no definite information establishing use of Winds code at any time prior to 8 December Tokyo time. Prompt reply will be appreciated.
27 NOVEMBER 1945.
BSG 214
From: Commander-in-Chief Advance Hq. US Army Forces Pacific, Tokyo
To: War Department
Reur GSB-196 persons who conducted interrogation had no knowledge that prior to interrogation United States had info establishing use of Winds code on 8 Dec Tokyo time. Persons who were interrogated were not asked whether they knew that United States had info establishing use of Winds code on 8 Dec Tokyo time. Also, interrogated persons were not asked whether they knew that United States had no info establishing use of the Winds code at any time prior to 8 Dec Tokyo time. They will be questioned on these points at once and answers provided. Employee referred to in my BSG-210 who stated that he received voice broadcast signaling Rangoon at 0930, 8 Dec Tokyo time (0630 Rangoon timed may have meant that he received code words referring to British-Jap relations. He will be questioned again. This partial reply is made now and full reply will be forwarded as promptly as employees can again be found for questioning.
NOVEMBER 1945.
GSB 197
From: War Department
To: Commander-in-Chief. Advance Hq. US Army Forces, Pacific, Tokyo.
Information supplied in BSG 214 is believed sufficient answer to Committee's question, which was directed towards prior knowledge of interrogators and whether anything had developed in the interrogation which would indicate such prior knowledge on the part of Japanese. It seems clear from your BSG 214 that there was no such indication. Please confirm this.
It is requested that no further interrogation on this point be conducted unless Congressional Committee indicates desire to press inquiry further, in which event you will be advised.
Further interrogation of employee referred to in BSG 210 to ascertain whether broadcast heard in Rangoon used code words referring only to British-Japanese relations would be helpful. Other wise you may consider interrogation completed.
30 NOVEMBER 1945 BSG 219 From: Commander-in-Chief, Advance Hq. US Army Forces, Pacific, Tokyo To: War Department
Reur GSB 197 nothing developed during interrogation which indicated on part of Japanese prior knowledge of character stated in your GSB 197.
Employee who heard Rangoon broadcast states he does not recall code words heard but believes they referred to severance of British-Jap relations. This resulted from further questioning of this employee and without prompting as to character of answer given.
3310 CONGRESSIONAL INVESTIGATION PEARL HARBOR ATTACK
4(b)
U. S. NAVAL TECHNICAL MISSION TO JAPAN
Interrogation No. 11.
Place: FLTLOSCAP
Date: 30 November 1945
Subject: Radio Tokyo Broadcast December 8.
Personnel Interrogated: Mr. Shinroku Tanomogi, Head of Overseas
Department of Japan Radio Broadcasting Corporation in December 1941,
presently member of the Diet and secretary to the Minister of
Transportation.
Interrogator: Captain Peyton Harrison, USNR.
Interpreter: Lt (jg) Stanley E. Sprague, USNR.
Summary:
Mr. Tanomogi, as head of the Overseas Department, was in charge of programs, including news programs, beamed to foreign countries. All news releases were controlled or "censored" by the Information Bureau of the Cabinet, the Communications Bureau of the Communications Ministry, and the General Staff.
Mr. Tanomogi was usually on duty at Radio Tokyo every other night. He was on duty the night of December 7 (Tokyo Time) and stated that the regular schedule of programs was broadcast. At about 0400 on December 8, he received a telephone call from the Information Bureau informing him that Japan was at war and that scheduled programs would have to be rearranged and preparations made for broadcasting important government communiqués. An official of the Information Bureau arrived at Radio Tokyo early on the morning of December 8 to work out details with Tanomogi's staff. Tanomogi remained at Radio Tokyo until about 1800 of December 8. He stated that they broadcast only what was given them by Domei News or by the Information Bureau. "All news was official government news".
Mr. Tanomogi was asked if he remembered the "east wind rain" weather report broadcast about 1500 on December 8. He replied that he was not listening to the broadcasts at that particular hour, but that he had a vague recollection of some such announcement being broadcast among the releases abruptly ordered for transmission that day by the Information Bureau.
Mr. Tanomogi was handed a copy of Drew Pearson's article in the Honolulu Star-Bulletin of November 9, 1945. He stated that he would have known of it if a message such as that described as being broadcast December 4 had been transmitted and that he had no recollection at all of any "east wind rain" report or any similar phrase being broadcast prior to December 8.
PARAPHRASE OF INCOMING TELEGRAM To: London, the Hague and Canberra, November 6, 1945. From: Secretary Byrnes
The Congressional Joint Committee on the investigation of the Pearl Harbor attack has sent to the Department a communication of which the essential portion is quoted below:
"Under date of November 19, 1941 Japan advised its representatives abroad that if danger arose of a breach of diplomatic relations with the United States, or Russia or the British, and the Cutting off of other means of international communications, an emergency system for warning Japanese diplomatic representatives of impending break in diplomatic relations would be used, by adding in the middle of the daily Japanese language short wave news broadcast the following:
"(1) In case Japan-United States relations were in danger, the words Higashi No Kazeame (East Wind Rain).
"(2) In case of Japan-Russian relations in danger, the words Kitanokaze Kumori (North Wind Cloudy).
"(3) In case Japan-British relations in danger, the words Nishi No Kaze Hare (West Wind Clear).
this signal to be given in the middle and at the end of the broadcast as a weather forecast, 'each sentence to be repeated twice'. This arrangement also said, 'When this is heard, please destroy all code papers, etc.'
EXHIBITS OF JOINT COMMITTEE 3311
"At the same time, on November 19, 1941, the Japanese sent further notice to its representatives that when their diplomatic relations with the United States, Russia or the British were in danger, there would be added at the beginning and at the end of Japanese general intelligence broadcasts words as follows:
"(1) If it were Japan-United States relations, the word 'Higashi'.
"(2) If it were Japan-Russia relations, the word 'Kite'.
"(3) If it were Japan-British relations (including Thai, Malaya, and Nei), the word 'Nishi'.
these words to be repeated five times at the beginning and end of the broadcast.
"The Joint Congressional Committee Investigating the Attack on Pearl Harbor of December 7, 1941 are trying to ascertain whether any broadcast under this system were monitored and overheard, either by the United States or by Australia, the Dutch East Indies or the British, and, if so, on what day and at what time such a broadcast was overheard, and if so the text of the broadcast, and whether either of the three nations mentioned, having overheard the broadcast, advised the United States of the fact. We are particularly interested in the period from November 27th to December 7th inclusive, and suggest that the inquiry first cover that period and then, if time permits, work back to November 19, 1941."
You are requested urgently to inquire of the government to which you are accredited concerning the above and at the earliest possible moment to telegraph a report of the results.
4(d)
DEPARTMENT OF STATE,
Washington, November 29, 1945.
MY DEAR MR. MITCHELL: I am enclosing as requested by your office a paraphrase of the cable from Canberra which was referred to in my letter of November 26.
Sincerely yours,
(S) Herbert S. Marks
(T) HERBERT S. MARKS,
Assistant to the Under Secretary.
Enclosure: Paraphrase of cable from Canberra.
The Honorable WILLIAM D. MITCHELL, General Counsel
Joint Committee on the Investigation
of the Pearl Harbor Attack,
Congress of the United States.
Paraphrased copy
CANBERRA, November 16, 1945.
SECRETARY OF STATE, Washington
168, November 16, 3 p.m.
Nothing has been revealed by an exhaustive search of the records of the monitoring service according to the Department of External Affairs. It is stated however that they may have missed certain messages in code as at that time trends only were followed and Japanese broadcasts were not taken down verbatim by the monitoring service.
MINTER.
4(e) DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Washington, December 5, 1945.
MY DEAR MR. MITCHELL: I enclose a paraphrased cable dated December 4, 1945, just received from London in reply to our inquiry of November 6 as to whether the British had monitored and overheard any Japanese broadcasts using the so-called "winds" code between November 19 and December 7, 1941.
3312 CONGRESSIONAL INVESTIGATION PEARL HARBOR ATTACK
As to the Netherlands, the Counselor of the American Embassy at The Hague advised us by telephone this morning that the Dutch Foreign Office has now stated in reply to our inquiry of November 6 that the most careful search has had negative results.
Sincerely yours,
(S) Herbert S. Marks
(T) HERBERT S. MARKS,
Assistant to the Under Secretary.
Enclosure: Paraphrased cable.
The Honorable WILLIAM D. MITCHELL, General Counsel
Joint Committee on the Investigation
of the Pearl Harbor Attack,
Congress of the United States.
PARAPHRASING OF INCOMING TELEGRAM
To: Secretary of State, December 4, 1945
From: American Ambassador, London
The Foreign Office has just informed us that while their inquiries are not yet finished, up to the present no evidence has been found that any "wind" message was received before the morning of December 8, 1941, the day following the attack on Pearl Harbor. The Foreign Office says that there was relayed to Singapore from Hongkong a broadcast by the Japanese which contained messages in code and which was received in Singapore six hours following the attack on Pearl Harbor. The text of the Japanese code is not available yet but if desired we will ask the Foreign Office for more particulars.
The following messages appearing on the indicated pages of Committee Exhibit deal with instructions sent in code via ordinary commercial channels of communication, to Japanese representatives to destroy their codes:
Committee
Exhibit 1
Circular 2436 of Dec. 1, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 208
Circular 2443 of Dec. 1, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 209
Circular 2444 of Dec. 1, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 209
Circular 2445 of Dec. 1, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 215
Tokyo to Washington, No. 867, of Dec. 2, 1941 . . . . . . . . p. 215
Circular 2447 of Dec. 2, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 216
Tokyo to Washington, No. 881, of Dec. 4, 1941 . . . . . . . . p. 231
Washington to Tokyo, No. 1268 of Dec. 5, 1941 . . . . . . . . p. 236
Panama to Tokyo, No. 367. of Dec. 5, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . p. 237
Tokyo to Washington. No. 897 of Dec. 6, 1941. . . . . . . . . p. 231
Bangkok to Tokyo, No. 919, of Dec. 6, 1941. . . . . . . . . . p. 247
Tokyo to Washington, No. 910, of Dec. 7, 1941 . . . . . . . . p. 249
Enclosure (A)
6(a)
Top Secret-Ultra
8 NOVEMBER 1945
Subj: JD-1: 7001, special studies concerning
1. In an effort to locate JD-1 7001 the following sources have been exhaustively studied:
a. numerical file of JD-1 #'s.
b. chronological file of Japanese Diplomatic translations.
c. the "Japanese diplomatic traffic log" for 1941.
d. old GZ card index of Japanese diplomatic traffic, under Tokyo circulars
and Washington circuit.
2. A special study of Jd-1 #'s was made to determine the relationship between the date of the message, the date of translation of the message, and the JD-1 #. The results of this study are attached to this memo.
EXHIBITS OF JOINT COMMITTEE 3313
From this study it would appear that JD-1: 7001, if such number was assigned to a translation, was for a message dated 28 November 1941, translated on either 12-2-41 or 12-3-41 by the Army. As all of the JD-1 #'s on both sides of JD-1: 7001 were translated on either 2 December 1941 it seems reasonably certain that the message was dated on or prior to 3 December 1941.
4. Throughout the JD-1 numerical file there are incidents of canceled numbers. The reasons for some of these cancellations are not given: others are given as follows: "duplicate of message previously numbered", "additional part of message already assigned a number", and "number skipped by mistake".
5. In October 1944 and on 14 May 1945 Lieut. Comdr. G. E. Boone called Col. Rowlett at Arlington Hall and secured from him the following information concerning the Army numbering system in 1941: Occasionally numbers were canceled, but there was no indication given of the reason for the cancellation, by whom it was made, nor by whom it was authorized. He stated that there were other cases of numbers canceled in the 1941 file.
/s/ Sally T. Lightle,
/t/ SALLY T. LIGHTLE,
Lieut., USNR.
Enclosure with Op-20-G Top Secret-Ultra Serial 0036(20
Study of JD-1 #'s to determine relationship between date of message, date of translation and JD-1 #
Date of Date of Army or
JD-1# message transla- Navy trans.
tion
6975 29 Nov 1941 12-2-41 N
6976 29 Nov 1941 12-2-41 N
6977 29 Nov 1941 12-1-41 N
6978 29 Nov 1941 12-2-41 N
6979 29 Nov 1941 12-2-41 N
6980 29 Nov 1941 12-2-41 N
6981 29 Nov 1941 12-2-41 N
6982 30 Nov 1941 12-2-41 A
6983 1 Dec 1941 12-1-41 N
6984 1 Dec 1941 12-1-41 N
6985 27 Nov 1941 12-2-41 N
6986 9 Oct 1941 12-3-41 N
I
6987 11 Oct 1941 12-2-41 N
6988 25 Oct 1941 12-3-41 N
6989 12 Nov 1941 12-3-41 A
6990 12 Nov 1941 12-3-41 A
6991 15 Nov 1941 12-3-41 N
6992 15 Nov 1941 12-3-41 N
6993 15 Nov 1941 12-2-41 N
6994 15 Nov 1941 12-2-41 N
6995 18 Nov 1941 12-3-41 A
6996 20 Nov 1941 12-3-41 A
6997 21 Nov 1941 12-2-41 N
6998 22 Nov 1941 12-2-41 A
6999 27 Nov 1941 12-2-41 N
7000 28 Nov 1941 12-3-41 A
7001 ...... ...... ...
7002 28 Nov 1941 12-3-41 A
7003 28 Nov 1941 12-2-41 A
7004 28 Nov 1943 12-3-41 A
7005 28 Nov 1941 12-3-41 A
7006 29 Nov 1941 12-3-41 N
7007 29 Nov 1941 12-2-41 N
7008 29 Nov 1941 12-2-41 N
7009 29 Nov 1941 12-2-41 N
7010 29 Nov 1941 12-2-41 N
7011 29 Nov 1941 12-2-41 N
7012 1 Dec 1941 12-3-41 N
7013 1 Dec 1941 12-2-41 N
7014 2 Dec 1941 12-3-41 A
7015 2 Dec 1941 12-3-41 A
7016 3 Dec 1941 12-3-41 N
7017 2 Dec 1941 12-3-41 A
[1] N
7018 3 Dec 1941 12-3-41 N
7019 3 Dec 1941 12-3-41 N
7020 3 Dec 1941 12-3-41 N
7021 2 Dec 1941 12-3-41 A
Date of Date of Army or
JD-1# message transla- Navy trans.
tion
III
7022 2 Oct 1941 12-4-41 A
7023 2 Oct 1941 12-4-41 A
7024 20 Oct 1941 12-4-41 A
7025 25 Oct 1941 12-3-41 N
7026 7 Nov 1941 12-4-41 N
7027 10 Nov 1941 12-4-41 A
7028 15 Nov 1941 12-3-41 N
7029 20 Nov 1941 12-4-41 A
7030 21 Nov 1941 12-3-41 N
7031 21 Nov 1941 12-3-41 N
7032 24 Nov 1941 12-4-41 A
7033 24 Nov 1941 12-4-41 A
7034 25 Nov 1941 12-4-41 N
7035 25 Nov 1941 12-4-41 N
7036 25 Nov 1941 12-4-41 N
7037 29 Nov 1941 12-4-41 N
7038 29 Nov 1941 12-3-41 N
7039 29 Nov 1941 12-3-41 N
7040 1 Dec 1941 12-4-41 N
7041 1 Dec 1941 12-4-41 N
Pt. 1,3
7042 1 Dec 1941 12-5-41 N
Pt. 2
12-4-41 N
7043 1 Dec 1941 12-3-41 N
7044 1 Dec 1941 12-3-41 N
7045 1 Dec 1941 12-3-41 N
7046 2 Dec 1941 12-4-41 A
7047 2 Dec 1941 12-4-41 A
7048 3 Dec 1941 12-3-41 N
7049 3 Dec 1941 12-4-41 N
7050 3 Dec 1941 12-4-41 N
7051 3 Dec 1941 12-4-41 N
7052 3 Dec 1941 12-4-41 N
7053 3 Dec 1941 12-4-41 N
7054 1 Dec 1941 12-4-41 N
7055 1 Dec 1941 12-4-41 N
7056 1 Dec 1941 12-4-41 N
7057 3 Dec 1941 12-4-41 N
7058 2 Dec 1941 12-5-41 A
7059 2 Dec 1941 12-4-41 A
IV
7060 18 Oct 1941 12-5-41 A
7061 10 Nov 1941 12-5-41 A
7062 15 Nov 1941 12-4-41 N
7063 18 Nov 1941 12-5-41 A
7064 18 Nov 1941 12-5-41 A
7065 18 Nov 1941 12-5-41 A
[1] Revision.
3314 CONGRESSIONAL INVESTIGATION PEARL HARBOR ATTACK
Study of JD-1 #'s to determine relationship between date of message, date of translation and JD-1 #-Continued
Date of Date of Army or
JD-1# message transla- Navy trans.
tion
7066 18 Nov 1941 12-5-41 A
7067 20 Nov 1941 12-5-41 A
7068 20 Nov 1941 12-5-41 A
7069 22 Nov 1941 12 5-41 A
7070 24 Nov 1941 12 5-41 A
7071 25 Nov 1941 12-5-41 N
7072 25 Nov 1941 12 5-41 N
7073 25 Nov 1941 12 5-41 N
7074 25 Nov 1941 12-5-41 N
7075 25 Nov 1941 12-4-41 N
7076 26 Nov 1941 12-4-41 A
7077 26 Nov 1941 12-5-41 A
7078 26 Nov 1941 12-5-41 N
7079 27 Nov 1941 12-5-41 N
7080 27 Nov 1941 12-5-41 N
7081 27 Nov 1941 12-5-41 N
7082 27 Nov 1941 12-5-41 N
7083 28 Nov 1941 12-5-41 A
7084 28 Nov 1941 12-5-41 A
7085 28 Nov 1941 12-5-41 A
7086 29 Nov 1941 12-5-41 N
7087 29 Nov 1941 12-5-41 N
7088 30 Nov 1941 12-5-41 A
7089 30 Nov 1941 12-5-41 A
7090 1 Dec 1941 12-5-41 N
7091 1 Dec 1941 12-5-41 N
7092 1 Dec 1941 12-5-41 N
7093 1 Dec 1941 12-5-41 N
7094 2 Dec 1941 12-5-41 A
7096 3 Dec 1941 12-5-41 N
7096 3 Dec 1941 12-5-41 N
7097 3 Dec 1941 12-5-41 N
7098 3 Dec 1941 12-5-41 N
Date of Date of Army or
JD-1# message transla- Navy trans.
tion
7099 3 Dec 1941 12-5-41 N
7100 3 Dec 1941 12-5-41 N
7101 4 Dec 1941 12-4-41 A
7102 4 Dec 1941 12-5-41 A
7103 4 Dec 1941 12-5 41 A
7104 4 Dec 1941 12-5-41 A
7105 4 Dec 1941 12-4-41 A
7106 4 Dec 1941 12-5-41 A
7107 4 Dec 1941 12-5-41 A
7108 4 Dec 1941 (no date A
given)
7109 27 Nov 1941 12-5-41 N
V
7110 18 Nov 1941 12-6-41 A
7111 18 Nov 1941 12-6-41 A
7112 18 Nov 1941 12-6-41 A
7113 20 Nov 1941 12-5-41 A
7114 20 Nov 1941 12-6-41 A
7115 26 Nov 1941 12-5-41 A
7116 26 Nov 1941 12-6-41 A
7117 26 Nov 1941 12-6-41 A
7118 26 Nov 1941 12-5-41 A
7119 27 Nov 1941 12-6-41 N
7120 28 Nov 1941 12-6-41 A
7121 28 Nov 1941 12-6-41 A
7122 2 Dec 1941 12-5-41 N
7123 3 Dec 1941 12-6-41 N
7124 2 Dec 1941 12-7-41 A
7125 2 Dec 1941 12-6-41 A
7126 3 Dec 1941 12-7-41 A
6(b)
Top Secret-Ultra
EXAMPLES OF JD-1 #'S CANCELED AND JD-1: 6998-7004
INDEX
JD-1# Date Circuit 911 Canceled 985 Canceled 1004 Canceled 2074 Canceled 4647 Canceled 6998 22 Nov 1941 Batavia-Tokyo. 6999 27 Nov 1941 Rome-Tokyo. 7909 28 Nov 1941 Tokyo-Hsinking. 7001 Canceled 7002 28 Nov 1941 Buenos Aires-Washington. 7003 28 Nov 1941 Rome-Tokyo. 7004 28 Nov 1941 Hsinking-Peking, Nanking and Shanghai.
EXHIBITS OF JOINT COMMITTEE 3315
Top Secret-Ultra (All handwritten:) Canceled Dupl. Of 957 911 Canceled HSH 2/20/41
(All handwritten:) Top Secret-Ultra Number Canceled Part 3 of 3 Bangkok-Tokyo=8 Feb. 1941 #92 (See JD-1: 971) 985
Top Secret-Ultra (All handwritten:) Cancelled= Part 2 of 957 1004= HSH 2/20/41
(All handwritten) Top Secret-Ultra Number skipped in error (Cancel) 2074 HSH
(All handwritten) Top Secret-Ultra Canceled Canceled by Army after being numbered. HSH 4647
Secret Top Secret-Ultra From: Batavia (Isizawa) To: Tokyo November 22, 1941 Purple. #1253.
To be handled in Government Code.
Departmental secret.
The activities of KOO CHOO SUI, backed up by the CHI GOO KAI and the KOO HOO (an intelligence society and a publication), is working hard in our behalf to stamp out anti-Japanism. Several incidents have occurred lately and his opponents are rather belligerent. Consequently, Governmental surveillance over KOO is rather close. From April to September of this year we afforded KOO a subsidy for the KOO HOO and a fund for collecting intelligence, amounting to from 2,000 to 3,000 guilders. KOO is so familiar with the Chinese and natives here that in case of emergency he can do much to help us. That is why I have employed him so far. He is ready at our direction to start the distribution of pamphlets designed to win over as many of his consanguinaries and the natives as possible. I think that we should continue to avail ourselves of his services. He has a family of eight. Therefore, I think we should let him have 3,000 guilders for operating expenses; 15,000 guilders for living expenses, and 12,000 guilders as a subsidy for the KOO HOO as of from October 1st to the end of the year. Will you please, therefore, arrange to appropriate and remit that amount, namely 30,000 guilders.
Army 25633 6998 Trans. 12-2-41 (6)
3316 CONGRESSIONAL INVESTIGATION PEARL HARBOR ATTACK
Top Secret-Ultra From: Rome. To: Tokyo. 27 November 1941 (Purple) # ?
(1st section-undecodeable)
(2nd Section)
Although supply movements are beset with difficulties, including occasional sinkings of convoys, these supplies are continuing and they are optimistic of the final outcome. [1] Furthermore * * * (Remainder of section 2 undecodeable)
(3rd section)
As regards Italian-French relations, up to now independent conversations between the French and Italians have not taken place. However, with the elimination of Weygand it is being said in various quarters that a great increase in use of Tunis army transportation facilities is contemplated.
JD-1: 6999 Secret (M) Navy Trans. 12-2 41 (G-TT)
[1] Secret Top Secret-Ultra From: Tokyo To: Hsinking November 28, 1941. Purple. #782 (corrected to #882).
Re your #751.[a] [no footnote "a" found, LWJ]
1. We have been communicating with the German representatives here, giving them much of the Manchukucan opinion and, as a result of a talk between OTAKI and WCHLTHAT, the final draft for a new German-Manchukuan pact is proposed by Germany as follows:
(a) The title of the pact is "A provisional agreement for extending German-Manchukuoan economic Relations."
(b) This pact is effective until the last day of March next year.
(c) The balance of 85,000 tons of soy beans shall be delivered before the end of March at the old price although the agreement expires the end of January.
(d) 4,500 tons of soy bean oil, including the undelivered balance on the contract for jimson, shall also be delivered by the end of March.
(e) Exchange permits shall be given for the unused balance of German contingent goods specified in the pact of May 31, 1941. (Minister WAGNER must have a list of about one million marks' worth of goods in Japan, Manchukuo, Shanghai and other Far Eastern points.)
(f) Export permits shall be gine [sic] for German goods which are now held or may in the future be held in Manchukuo at the convenience of the holders. If a state of emergency shall arise, this goods shall not be confiscated nor seized. The above should be administered on a rational basis.
[2]
(g) The application of this contract will be acted on by specified conferences of local tradesmen.
(h) The term for repayment of the "W" account shall be extended to May 31, 1942. However, this understanding shall be made directly with the bank at the same time the pact is set up: it will not be mentioned in the pact.
(i) 1,000,000 marks shall be appropriated at the end of November and December respectively and 1,500,000 marks at the end of January and February respectively from the "B" account for repayment of the "X" account. (Although their representatives have already expressed their wishes to WAGNER, when I talked with WAGNER on the 21st I did not mention this. As he believes it should be handled from special funds, I think it is best for Manchukua to negotiate for necessary funds for short term credit under this measure).
(j) Germany will offer credit to a maximum of 10,000,000 marks, because of the reduction in amount of shipments of Manchukuoan products (soy beans and soy bean oil). For this credit a new account, "V", will be set up. Thus, the
[1] In Libya.
EXHIBITS OF JOINT COMMITTEE 3317
"Y" account should be liquidated during the term of the new pact through the 5,000,000 marks from account "B" and soy bean payments, and account "W" should he reduced by at least 1,000,000 marks from soy bean payments.
(k) The balance of account "B" shall be used for payments to Germany. Manchukuo is at liberty to make payments under heading (e) from any account whatsoever.
[3]
(1) The second section and the second paragraph of the third section of the pact of May 31, 1941 (means for conversion of obligations not yet settled at the expiration of the pact) shall be left unchanged.
2. Although Manchukuo will probably want to pay Germany through regular channels, because of the obstacles to transportation I think it would be better to deduct German payments from (a) together with a suitable rate of interest. Moreover, believing that the terms of this pact are reasonable since Manchukuo's credit responsibilities are greatly increased, as soon as they get Manchukuo's approval Germany will send it to Berlin. As they wish to have it returned to Tokyo with the signatures of WCHLTHAT, SPINDLER and the Manchukuoan representatives not later than Christmas, they demand speedy consideration by Manchukuo.
Please press the Manchukuo government for prompt adoption of the above pact and please wire a reply. Since Japan and Germany are virtually in agreement on the Chinese text, please urge them again to let us know at once their opinion of the German-Manchukuoan understanding mentioned in our secret message #474 [a] dated September 27th (German edition: German text).
This telegram has been discussed with military authorities and Vice Minister MIURA.
Army 25631 Trans. 12-3-11 (5) [a]Not available.
Top Secret-Ultra (Typed) JD-1: 7001
Number canceled.
7001
Top Secret-Ultra Secret From: Buenos Aires (Tomii) To: Washington November 28, 1941 Purple #17
We have received the consignment from your office. Please advise us the call letters and general news.
Army 7002 Trans. 12/3/41 (8) Secret Top Secret-Ultra From: Rome To: Tokyo November 28, 1941. Purple. #766. (Primary importance)
According to reports received from the Vatican through CICOGNANI, the Papal representative in Washington, many indications are evident that Japan forms a great obstacle to the United States' early termination of the present anti-Axis war. Public opinion in the United States is that America would be able to achieve victory for Great Britain simply by large-scale production of military supplies if it were not for this obstacle. In the event of a Japanese-American clash, assistance to England and the Soviet would decrease, making necessary American military intervention by means of forces on the European continent. Moreover, there are a great many who believe that during American-Japanese negotiations Japan put forth stipulations encroaching upon American interests and honor and so causing conditions to become extremely delicate.
3318 CONGRESSIONAL INVESTIGATION PEARL HARBOR ATTACK
There were also reports to the effect that the difficulties of Japanese-American negotiations constrained the Interventionist faction headed by the President and strengthened the position of the Isolationists.
Army 7003 25630 Trans. 12-2-41 (MR)
[1] Secret Top Secret-Ultra From: Hsinking To: Peking, Nanking and Shanghai November 28, 1941 Purple Cir. 231 (Message to Tokyo #779)
Local military intelligences are as follows. For you information.
1. At the military review in celebration of the anniversary of the revolution 47 airplanes of an unrecognizable type flew over the city of Kuibyshev. They were definitely of American design and construction. It seems that large numbers have recently been arriving.
(The above is a report of the Japanese Military Attaché in the Soviet.)
2. Large bodies of anti-Communist mobile forces are fighting in the vicinity of Mininsk (Russe) and Barugujin [a] (south of Krusnoyarsk), destroying lines of communication and attacking the Kolhoz and Sofhoz. (The above is a spy report.)
3. The 39th Sharpshooters Division (in the neighborhood of Kogaiko [a]) has executed before the firing squad 20 unsuccessful deserters who tried to get into Manchukuo between May and November. To date, 46 Soviet troops have deserted. The Soviet, in order to prevent desertion, has moved certain detachments away from the border or have strung charged barbed wire fences along the border. Another means which they are utilizing is making the regiment responsible for detachments from which there have been deserters. (The above is intelligence of primary importance.)
[2]
4. Recently to the Ude Front, the surveillance troops of the outer Mongolian area have within the last few days deliberately trespassed on Mongolian territory several times, even to the extent of 10 to 20 kilos. They are taking a strong, hostile attitude toward Japanese surveillance troops. (The above is intelligence of primary importance.
I have transmitted this to Peitai, Shanghai, and Nandai.
Army 25032 Trans. 12/3/41 (5) [a] Kana spelling.
EXHIBIT NO. 142A
DEC. 5, 1941.
MR. STERLING: At 7:45 p. m. Mr. Carter called in from Portland with the following information:
JVW3 2130G
TODAY NORTH WIND MORNING CLOUDY AFTERNOON CLEAR BEGIN CLOUDY EVENING. TOMORROW NORTH WIND AND LATER FROM SOUTH. (the above was repeated three times)
JVW3 sent a time signal at 2200G and then:
I WILL NOW GIVE YOU THE WEATHER REPORT (nothing further, carrier on but no modulation-evidently cutoff in Tokyo).
Remarks by Carter; They are getting a more complete picture of the operations now and it is evident that at 2130G the Tokyo weather is transmitted and at 2200G the Tokyo weather and weather for other prefectures. Reception is getting better and estimate efficiency on this assignment has increased approximately twenty-five percent.
Foned [sic] Col. Bratton and gave him the message at 7:50 p. m.
Remarks by Col. Bratton: Results still negative but am pleased to receive the negative results as it means that we have that much more time. The information desired will occur in the middle of a program and possibly will be repeated at frequent intervals (Asked Col. Bratton if I should communicate the information to Portland-concerning the fact that the desired data will be in the middle of a program.) No. I will have a conference with Lt. Col Dusenberg in the morning and will contact Mr. Sterling in that regard.
DE
EXHIBITS OF JOINT COMMITTEE 3319
FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION SECTION OF MAIL AND FILES FROM TO RADIO INTELLIGENCE DIVISION
(The following handwritten)
Night watch Log-Nov. 24th to Dec. 8th 1941
Return this file promptly DE
Papers are not to be removed from the file.
Secret
Nov. 24, 1941
1. At 6:55 PM the Supervisor of the Coast Guard Radio Station at Alexandria, Va. telephoned to report that W9WGI was causing serious interference to their circuit on 4050 kcs. Requested Supervisor to inform this office immediately if the interference was again heard. (No further reports from CG up to midnight)
Nov. 25, 1941
At 9:10 the Supervisor of SA-P' telephoned in from Jackson, Miss., requesting information relative to the resignation of Henry Gantt, an operator at SA-10. (Memo. re: conversation placed on Mr. Sterling's desk.)
Nov. 26, 1941
Handled routine correspondence and traffic.
Nov. 27, 1941
At 6:20 pm Monitoring Officer Cave of NA-9 called in regard to Wash. Case 4001 and 4002. Mr. McIntosh gave Cave the information requested.
Nov. 28, 1941
At 7:55, the Major Guest telephoned in requesting Mr. Sterling's home phone number. Gave him the requested information. At 8:00 pm long distance operator called on Na. 2995 stating that Portland, Oregon was calling and desired to contact Mr. Sterling. Informed operator that Mr. Sterling was not here, but that he could be reached at his home Evergreen 278. At 10:20 Mr. Sterling called giving instructions he wished passed on to Mr. Norman, Mr. North and Miss Perry.
Nov. 29, 1941
Handled routine correspondence and traffic.
Dec. 1, 1941
1. 5:05 P. M. Monitoring Officer CA-8 (Bairiey) telephone to report that Ferguson (Wash. 3423) original informant, has moved out of neighborhood
where original key clicks had been heard and requested further instructions. Told Bairiey to contact Officer House of Auburn Police for further information. Also contact Ferguson at his new address for detailed description of signals he had heard previously.
2. At 5:45 P. M. telephoned Col. Bratton. Gave him a message per Mr. Sterling's instructions.
3. 9:05 P. M. telephoned Mr. Sterling re verification of frequencies for Portland.
4. 9.30 P. M. Monitoring Officer Duncan SA-5 telephoned from Tallahassee, Fla. stating he had heard unlicensed station JUMP (Wash. 3930) and probably could have complete evidence of unlicensed operation within two days. He stated that the subject was undoubtedly using a phonograph oscillator. Duncan requested information as to whether he should remain in Tallahassee or return to St. Augustine and work on some in-active alleged subversive cases. Informed Duncan to remain in Tallahassee two more days and endeavor to complete his evidence on Wash. 3930.
5. 9:45 P. M. sent TWX to Portland confirming frequencies.
3320 CONGRESSIONAL INVESTIGATION PEARL HARBOR ATTACK
Dec. 2, 1941
1. 7:35 P. M. long distance operator called on Na 2995 asking for Mr. Sterling. Operator stated that Portland. Ore. was calling. Informed her that Mr. Sterling was not here but that he could be contacted at his home in Baltimore, Evergreen 278.
Dec. 3, 1941
1. 6:15 P. M. received TWX from GS-P relative to NDA cases.
2. 6:25 P. M. telephoned Mr. Peterson for information concerning NDA cases.
3. 6:43 TWX to GS-P continuing instructions relative to NDA cases.
4. 7:15 P. M. long distance operator of Portland, 0re. called on NA 2995 for Mr. Sterling. Informed her that Mr. Sterling was not in office at present but that I would try to contact him.
5. 7:20 called Lafayette Bowling Alley and had them page Mr. Sterling. They reported that Mr. Sterling had already departed.
6. 7:45 P. M. Mr. Sterling called this office and directed me to take message from Mr. Carter at Portland, Ore.
7. 7:52 P. M. contacted Mr. Carter at Portland, Ore. and obtained message for Mr. Sterling.
8. 7:55 P. M. telephoned Col. Bratton at his home and delivered a message in accordance with Mr. Sterling's instructions.
9. 8:37 P. M. Mr. Sterling called this office and contents of message from Portland, Ore. was read to him.
Dec. 4, 1941
1. 6:55 P. M. called Mr. Norman at his home in reference to message from GS-P concerning Mr. McKinney. Mr. Norman advised that no further action was necessary.
2. 8:12 P. M. received a message from Mr. Carter at Portland, Ore.
3. 8:25 P. M. unable to contact Lt. Col. Dusenburg either at the War Dept. or at his home.
4. 8:40 P. M. telephoned Mr. Sterling requesting instructions relative to a message from Mr. Carter.
5. 8:45 P. M. called ONI watch officer at Navy Dept. to ascertain if he was permitted to accept messages of interest to Col. Bratton's office. The officer in charge stated that he was not certain but that he would inquire and call me back.
6. 9:05 P. M. Lt. Brotherhood 20-G Watch Officer Navy Dept. telephoned to state that he was authorized to accept message in question. Gave Lt. Brotherhood the message from Mr. Carter.
7. 9:32 P. M. Lt. Brotherhood called to inquire if any other reference to weather was made previously in program intercepted by Portland. Informed him that no other reference was made.
Dec. 1, 1941
1. 7:45 P. M. Mr. Carter called in from Portland, Ore. with a message.
2. 7:50 P. M. telephoned Col. Bratton at his residence and repeated the message from Mr. Carter.
3. 11:06 P. M. Monitoring Officer Dunphey of CA-6 telephoned in requesting information on Wash. Case 3259. Informed Dunphey would try to get the Information for him in the morning.
Dec. 6, 1941
1. Handled routine correspondence and traffic.
Dec. 8, 1941
1. 6:15 A. M. Mr. Dunphey called in, no results. Told him take six hours off, then assume duties for six hours, then eight hours off, alternating with Baltimore Unit.
2. 8:00 A. M. Mr. Meriwether called in, no results. Told him to remain on job until noon when CA-6 unit would take over. Informed him to take over watch again at 6:00 P. M.
EXHIBITS OF JOINT COMMITTEE 3321
3. 8:50 A. M. NA-3 called re Washington case 3722, off air. Mac gave him some important bearing and/or intercept assignment.
4. 12:00 Noon. Mr. Meriwether and Mr. Blum at office. One will take 6:00 P. M. to Mid, the other 10:00 A. M. to Noon, sandwiched with Falls Church.
5 12:10 P. M. Mr. Berle of State Department called-Wanted Mr. Fly, finally got Mr. Fly.
EXHIBIT NO. 142B
From: Tokyo To: (Circular telegram) 7 December 1941 (Plain Japanese language using code names) Circular #2494
Relations between Japan and England are not in accordance with expectation.
NOTE: The above is the translation furnished the President and other high officials at 1100 (EST) on Dec. 7, 1941. In the rush to get it out, one code word was overlooked. The correct translation reads as follows:
"Relations between Japan and the following countries are not in accordance with expectation: England, United States."
This omission, which was not discovered until January, 1944, does not appreciably change the information that was available at 1100 (EST) on Dec. 7, 1941.
NOTE: The Army translation of Circular #2494 (supplied in March, 1944) is as follows:
"Relations between Japan and _______ are approaching a crisis (on the verge of danger) England, United States."
NOTE: See JD #6985.
JD-1: 7148 Secret (M) Navy Trans. 7 December 1941 (STT)
Original Tokyo Circular #2494 7 Dec 41. SF DE JAH 621 S Tokyo 19 7 850S JG Koshi, PANAMA Urgent 92494 Koyanagi rijiyori seirinotugoo arunituki Hattori Minami kinenbunko seturitu kikino kyokaingaku sikyuu denpoo aritass stop-Togo 1208 S JP S 387/7 850S GR23 7630 Obese ovals rpwno rfnmo rtjmo rwfmo gnome. JD-1: 7148 Secret (M) Navy Trans. 7 December 1941 (STT)
Distribution Tokyo Circular #2494 5652 S 7 DEC. 41 SF DE JAH 622 S TOKYO 19 7 850S JO KOSHI HAVANA 623 S TOKYO 19 7 850S JG RIYOJI HONOLULU 624 S TOKYO 19 7 850 JG RIYOJI NEW YORK 625 S TOKYO 22 7 850S JG JAPANESE CONSUL VANCOUVER 628 S TOKYO 22 7 850S JG JAPANESE MINISTER OTTAWA ONT Same text and sign as our NR5651) 1220 JP JD-1: 7148 SECRET (M) Navy Trans. 7 December 1941 (STT)
3322 CONGRESSIONAL INVESTIGATION PEARL HARBOR ATTACK
Distribution
Tokyo Circular #2494 5653
S 7 DEC 41.
SF DE JAH
627 S TOKYO 19 7 850S JG RIYOJI SAN FRANCISCO
628 S TOKYO 19 7 850S JG RIYOJI PORTLAND ORE
629 S TOKYO 19 7 850S JG RIYOJI SEATTLE
630 S TOKYO 19 7 850S JG RIYOJI NEW ORLEANS LA
631 S TOKYO 19 7 850S JG RIYOJI CHICAGO ILL
632 S TOKYO 19 7 850S JG RIYOJI LOS ANGELES CALIF
(Same test and sign as our NR565)
1243 JP
7630
JD-1: 7148 SECRET (M) Navy Trans. 7 December 1941 (STT)
EXHIBIT NO. 142C
DEPARTMENT OF STATE
Washington, February 4, 1946.
The Honorable SETH W. RICHARDSON, General Counsel
Joint Committee on the Investigation of the Pearl Harbor Attack
Congress of the United States.
DEAR MR. RICHARDSON: Enclosed are paraphrases of three telegrams received regarding the "winds" message, supplementing previous correspondence on this subject.
Sincerely yours,
HERBERT S. MARKS,
Assistant to the Under Secretary.
Enclosures:
1. Telegram from London, December 15, 1945;
2. Telegram from The Hague, January 26, 1946:
3. Telegram from London, January 31, 1946.
TELEGRAM RECEIVED FROM THE AMERICAN EMBASSY AT LONDON, DATED DECEMBER 15, 1945 (PARAPHRASE)
This morning we had a conversation regarding the "winds" messages with a Foreign Office Japanese expert who was in the Foreign Office immediately preceding and at the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor. He declares that, so far as he knows prior to December 8, 1941 no such messages were received. Investigation is still being carried on but the Foreign Office has as yet no information which would change the statement contained in the Embassy's telegram of December 4, 1945 on this subject.
TELEGRAM RECEIVED FROM THE AMERICAN EMBASSY AT THE HAGUE, DATED JANUARY 26, 1946 (PARAPHRASE)
We have been informed by the Foreign Office in a note dated January 24 that all reports of monitored Japanese broadcasts were destroyed before the invasion of the Netherlands East Indies by the Japanese. The same is true of the archives of the Netherlands Indies Government. For this reason the Foreign Office regrets that it is unable to supply the information which has been requested by the Congressional Committee investigating the Pearl Harbor attack.
TELEGRAM RECEIVED FROM THE AMERICAN EMBASSY AT LONDON, DATED JANUARY 31, 1946 (PARAPHRASE)
The Foreign Office states that the investigation requested in the Department's telegram 9745 of November 6, 1945 has drawn a complete blank and that it does not seem worthwhile to make any further investigation.