SOILS-L: 199709XX
is the compilation of discussion during Sep 97
via AB4EL Web Digests @ SunSITE
Date: Tue, 02 Sep 1997 00:01:41 -0600
From: Automatic digest processor (LISTSERV@crcvms.unl.edu)
Subject: SOILS-L Digest - 27 Aug 1997 to 1 Sep 1997
There is one message totalling 225 lines in this issue.
Topics of the day:
1. Data transformation & Burr Foster Q Test
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Date: Tue, 2 Sep 1997 21:43:04 +1000
From: Frank Stagnitti (frankst@DEAKIN.EDU.AU)
Subject: Re: Data transformation & Burr Foster Q Test
(bold)(fontfamily)(param)New_York(/param)(bigger)(bigger)(bigger)Studies
In Environmental Pollution Of
Soils(/bigger)(/bigger)(/bigger)(/fontfamily)(bigger)(bigger)(bigger)(fontfa=
mily)(param)Times(/param)
(/fontfamily)(fontfamily)(param)New_York(/param)PhD, MSc & Honours
Projects(/fontfamily)(fontfamily)(param)Times(/param)
(/fontfamily)(/bigger)(/bigger)(/bigger)(/bold)(bigger)(bigger)(bigger)(font=
family)(param)Times(/param)
(/fontfamily)(/bigger)(fontfamily)(param)Times(/param)A number of
postgraduate & honours scholarships are available in 1998 for the
following projects:
(/fontfamily)(fontfamily)(param)Symbol(/param)=85
(/fontfamily)(fontfamily)(param)Times(/param)Modelling Preferential
Transport Of Nutrients In Agricultural Soils.
(/fontfamily)(/bigger)(/bigger)(fontfamily)(param)Symbol(/param)(smaller)
(/smaller)(/fontfamily)(smaller)(fontfamily)(param)Times(/param)
(/fontfamily)(/smaller)(fontfamily)(param)Symbol(/param)(bigger)(bigger)=85
(/bigger)(/bigger)(/fontfamily)(bigger)(bigger)(fontfamily)(param)Times(/par=
am)Environmental
=46ate Of Fertilisers Used In Australian Viticulture: Comparative
Behaviour Of Fertilisers In The Soils Of The South Australian
Riverland.
(/fontfamily)(/bigger)(/bigger)(fontfamily)(param)Symbol(/param)(smaller)
(/smaller)(/fontfamily)(smaller)(fontfamily)(param)Times(/param)
(/fontfamily)(/smaller)(fontfamily)(param)Symbol(/param)(bigger)(bigger)=85
(/bigger)(/bigger)(/fontfamily)(bigger)(bigger)(fontfamily)(param)Times(/par=
am)The
Mobility & Population Dynamics Of Soil Microorganisms: Implications For
Land Disposal Of Sewerage.
(/fontfamily)(/bigger)(/bigger)(fontfamily)(param)Symbol(/param)(smaller)
(/smaller)(/fontfamily)(smaller)(fontfamily)(param)Times(/param)
(/fontfamily)(/smaller)(fontfamily)(param)Symbol(/param)(bigger)(bigger)=85
(/bigger)(/bigger)(/fontfamily)(bigger)(bigger)(fontfamily)(param)Times(/par=
am)Effects
Of Hysteresis & Water Repellency On The Dispersion & Transport Of
Contaminants In Soils.
(/fontfamily)(/bigger)(/bigger)(fontfamily)(param)Symbol(/param)(smaller)
(/smaller)(/fontfamily)(smaller)(fontfamily)(param)Times(/param)
(/fontfamily)(/smaller)(fontfamily)(param)Symbol(/param)(bigger)(bigger)=85
(/bigger)(/bigger)(/fontfamily)(bigger)(bigger)(fontfamily)(param)Times(/par=
am)Influence
Of Soil Macropores On Biodegradability Of Commonly Used Pesticides.=20
(/fontfamily)(/bigger)(/bigger)(fontfamily)(param)Symbol(/param)(smaller)
(/smaller)(/fontfamily)(smaller)(fontfamily)(param)Times(/param)
(/fontfamily)(/smaller)(fontfamily)(param)Symbol(/param)(bigger)(bigger)=85
(/bigger)(/bigger)(/fontfamily)(bigger)(bigger)(fontfamily)(param)Times(/par=
am)Decision
Support For Assessing Risk Of Environmental Pollution Of Soils By
Surface-Applied Chemicals.
(/fontfamily)(/bigger)(/bigger)(fontfamily)(param)Symbol(/param)(smaller)
(/smaller)(/fontfamily)(smaller)(fontfamily)(param)Times(/param)
(/fontfamily)(/smaller)(fontfamily)(param)Symbol(/param)(bigger)(bigger)=85
(/bigger)(/bigger)(/fontfamily)(bigger)(bigger)(fontfamily)(param)Times(/par=
am)Tidal
Effects On Contaminant Plumes In Unconfined Coastal Aquifers.
(bold)Experience
(/bold)Candidates for honours should have a strong undergraduate record
in agricultural, chemical, physical or mathematical sciences.
Candidates for MSc should preferably have a first-class honours or
equivalent experience. Candidates for PhD should preferably have a
first-class honours, an MSc (by Research) and/or equivalent experience.
Experience in one or more of the following would be an advantage.
(/fontfamily)(fontfamily)(param)Symbol(/param)=85
(/fontfamily)(fontfamily)(param)Times(/param)Soil Chemistry
(/fontfamily)(fontfamily)(param)Symbol(/param)=85
(/fontfamily)(fontfamily)(param)Times(/param)Soil Physics
(/fontfamily)(fontfamily)(param)Symbol(/param)=85
(/fontfamily)(fontfamily)(param)Times(/param)Soil Microbiology
(/fontfamily)(fontfamily)(param)Symbol(/param)=85
(/fontfamily)(fontfamily)(param)Times(/param)Groundwater Hydrology
(/fontfamily)(fontfamily)(param)Symbol(/param)=85
(/fontfamily)(fontfamily)(param)Times(/param)Engineering or Applied
Mathematics
(bold)Funding
(/bold)Several projects are currently funded by Australian Research
Council Large Grants Scheme and the Department of Industry, Science &
Tourism, International Science & Technology Program. It is anticipated
that funding for other projects will also become available by the end
of the year.
(bold)Stipend(/bold)=20
Deakin University provides a limited number of scholarships for
Australian residents (DUPRA) and for non-residents & overseas students
(OSPRA). All scholarships are free of tax and exempt from HECS charges.
The basic stipend for MSc and PhD candidates is about $15,000 AUD per
annum (including various allowances). Candidates that are successful in
securing either a University scholarship (DUPRA) or a federal
government scholarship (APRA) will be offered an additional tax-free
stipend of up to $10,000 (depending on experience and qualifications).
Outstanding candidates maybe offered more. Candidates that are not
Australian citizens or residents can only be considered for a position
if they secure a Deakin University Overseas Post-graduate Award (OSPRA)
or obtain funding from other sources. Honours scholarships provide a
stipend for one year of $2,500 and a relocation allowance of $500.=20
(bold)
Closing Dates
(/bold)Round 1: 30 September 1997
Round 2: 28 November 1997
(bold)
Contact:
(/bold)Dr Frank Stagnitti
Deakin University=20
PO Box 423,=20
Warrnambool, 3280. Australia.
ph. +61 (0)3 5563 3535
fax. +61 (0)3 5563 3462
email. frankst@deakin.edu.au
http://www.cm.deakin.edu.au/~frankst/=20
(/fontfamily)(/bigger)(/bigger)
^ \|||/ ^
| (o o) |
+=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3DoOO=3D=
=3D(_)=3D=3DOOo=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D+
|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|
|__|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|__|__|__|
|_____| |_____|
|__|__| Dr Frank Stagnitti |__|__|
|_____| School of Aquatic Science & |_____|
|_____| Natural Resources Management, |__|__|
|__|__| Centre For Applied Dynamical Systems & |__|__|
|__|__| Environmental Modelling |__|__|
|__|__| Deakin University, P.O. Box 423, Warrnambool, |_____|
|_____| Victoria, AUSTRALIA |__|__|
|_____| |_____|
|__|__| Email: frankst@deakin.edu.au |__|__|
|__|__| Voice: +61 (0)3 5563 3535 |__|__|
|_____| Fax: +61 (0)3 5563 3462 |_____|
|_____| WWW: http://www.cm.deakin.edu.au/~frankst |_____|
|__|__|_______________________________________________|__|__|
|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|
+=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D+
"Imagination is more important than knowledge" (Albert Einstein)
"Money can't buy happiness, but it can buy a better sort of=20
misery" (Woody Allen)
------------------------------
End of SOILS-L Digest - 27 Aug 1997 to 1 Sep 1997
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Date: Wed, 03 Sep 1997 00:03:35 -0600
From: Automatic digest processor (LISTSERV@crcvms.unl.edu)
Subject: SOILS-L Digest - 1 Sep 1997 to 2 Sep 1997
There is one message totalling 234 lines in this issue.
Topics of the day:
1. PhD, MSc & Honours Projects In Environmental Pollution Of Soils
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: Wed, 3 Sep 1997 11:53:12 +1000
From: Frank Stagnitti (frankst@DEAKIN.EDU.AU)
Subject: PhD, MSc & Honours Projects In Environmental Pollution Of Soils
Deakin University
Studies In Environmental Pollution Of Soils
PhD, MSc & Honours Projects
A number of postgraduate & honours scholarships are available in 1998 for
the following projects:
* Modelling Preferential Transport Of Nutrients In Agricultural Soils.
* Environmental Fate Of Fertilisers Used In Australian Viticulture:
Comparative Behaviour Of Fertilisers In The Soils Of The South Australian
Riverland.
* The Mobility & Population Dynamics Of Soil Microorganisms: Implications
For Land Disposal Of Sewerage.
* Effects Of Hysteresis & Water Repellency On The Dispersion & Transport Of
Contaminants In Soils.
* Influence Of Soil Macropores On Biodegradability Of Commonly Used Pesticides.
* Decision Support For Assessing Risk Of Environmental Pollution Of Soils
By Surface-Applied Chemicals.
* Tidal Effects On Contaminant Plumes In Unconfined Coastal Aquifers.
Experience
Candidates for honours should have a strong undergraduate record in
agricultural, chemical, physical or mathematical sciences. Candidates for
MSc should preferably have a first-class honours or equivalent experience.
Candidates for PhD should preferably have a first-class honours, an MSc (by
Research) and/or equivalent experience. Experience in one or more of the
following would be an advantage.
* Soil Chemistry
* Soil Physics
* Soil Microbiology
* Groundwater Hydrology
* Engineering or Applied Mathematics
Funding
Several projects are currently funded by Australian Research Council Large
Grants Scheme and the Department of Industry, Science & Tourism,
International Science & Technology Program. It is anticipated that funding
for other projects will also become available by the end of the year.
Stipend
Deakin University provides a limited number of scholarships for Australian
residents (DUPRA) and for non-residents & overseas students (OSPRA). All
scholarships are free of tax and exempt from HECS charges. The basic
stipend for MSc and PhD candidates is about $15,000 AUD per annum
(including various allowances). Candidates that are successful in securing
either a University scholarship (DUPRA) or a federal government scholarship
(APRA) will be offered an additional tax-free stipend of up to $10,000
(depending on experience and qualifications). Outstanding candidates maybe
offered more. Candidates that are not Australian citizens or residents can
only be considered for a position if they secure a Deakin University
Overseas Post-graduate Award (OSPRA) or obtain funding from other sources.
Honours scholarships provide a stipend for one year of $2,500 and a
relocation allowance of $500.
Closing Dates
Round 1: 30 September 1997
Round 2: 28 November 1997
Contact:
Dr Frank Stagnitti
Deakin University
PO Box 423,
Warrnambool, 3280. Australia.
ph. +61 (0)3 5563 3535
fax. +61 (0)3 5563 3462
email. frankst@deakin.edu.au
http://www.cm.deakin.edu.au/~frankst/
Brief Project Descriptions
Modelling Preferential Transport Of Nutrients In Agricultural Soils.
The movement of chemicals through the soil to the groundwater or discharged
to surface waters, represents a degradation of these resources. In many
cases, serious human and stock health implications are associated with this
degradation. The chemicals of interest include nutrients, pesticides, salts
and waste materials. Australian examples include the increase in
muscular-skeletal birth defects in children of the Mt Gambier area due to
elevated nitrate concentrations in drinking water; phosphate contamination
of surface waters leading to algal blooms; and life threatening
concentrations of pesticides occasionally occurring in groundwaters near
Perth. In the case of nutrients, leaching losses also represent a decline
in soil fertility with economic consequences, and in the case of nitrate
leaching, reduction of productivity due to soil acidification. Recent
experiments have shown that currently used models do not adequately
describe the leaching of solutes through soil, often underestimating the
risk of groundwater contamination by applied chemicals, and overestimating
the leaching of resident solutes. This inaccuracy results from problems
associated with concepts of non-equilibrium between soil constituents,
water and the solutes. This includes preferential flow bypassing the bulk
of the soil matrix and non-random spatial and temporal variability of
physical, chemical and biological constituents and processes. Superimposed
onto, and interacting with this soil related heterogeneity are
uncertainties associated with climate and the effects of plants, animals
and management strategies. To be useful, any model needs to be parsimonious
in regard to input requirements. There is an urgent need to develop or
refine models of solute transport, incorporating the key mechanisms
controlling transport. A new and innovative experimental program funded
under a large ARC grant is proposed to study heterogeneous solute transport
in agricultural soils. The data will be mathematically modelled for the
purposes of understanding the key physical mechanisms controlling transport
and developing predictive tools for practical applications. This research
will have important implications for the sustainable environmental
management of soils and for improving chemical application and irrigation
schedules.
Environmental Fate Of Fertilisers Used In Australian Viticulture:
Comparative Behaviour Of Fertilisers In The Soils Of The South Australian
Riverland.
Australia's viticultural industry is spread across all States and
Territories. Within the growing regions, conditions change markedly i.e. in
the Barossa there are at least 27 different soil types and a half dozen
ground covers used for viticulture. Predicting nutrient transport in
vineyards is complicated by vineyard soil management practice. This study
proposes to study bioavailability and transport of nutrients through
vineyard soils of the Overland Corner region of South Australia.
The Mobility & Population Dynamics Of Soil Microorganisms: Implications For
Land Disposal Of Sewerage
Australia produces one of the highest volume of agricultural, industrial
and municipal wastes per capita in the world. Increasingly the public are
demanding statutory authorities investigate environmentally sound methods
of land application. However, a real danger associated with land disposal
of wastes, in particular sewerage, is the possible contamination of
groundwater and threats to public health resulting from transport of
pathogenic microorganisms. The study of the transport and fate of
microorganisms in soils is also of vital importance in the fields of oil
recovery, biological control of plant root diseases, in-situ bioremediation
of contaminated soils and aquifers from industrial accidents, and the
simultaneous transport of microorganisms and biologically reactive solutes
used by bacteria as substrates for growth. In spite of its obvious
importance there has been comparatively little research conducted in this
field in Australia.
Effects Of Hysteresis & Water Repellency On The Dispersion & Transport Of
Contaminants In Soils.
The central aim of the work is to further refine and develop concepts of
key mechanisms controlling the transport of solutes through water repellent
soils. Solutes will be chosen to represent the various classes of solute;
conservative and labile, reactive and unreactive, applied and resident. The
soils of interest would be classified as to the degree of water repellency.
An innovative experimental program, the first of its kind in Australia, is
based on the use of a multiwick lysimetery system (MLS). This system will
be further developed and modified. Active transport zones in the in-tact
soil cores will be described through the use of fluorescent impregnating
materials and computer enhanced videography. Relating this analysis to more
easily measured soil and water variables will be attempted. Such measured
variables may include short-term mobile-immobile water determinations,
structure/texture indices, or moisture/pressure/ conductivity
characteristics.
Influence Of Soil Macropores On Biodegradability Of Commonly Used Pesticides.
Pesticides and other organic chemicals appear and degrade in groundwater at
much faster rates than traditional management models predict. As a result,
models that rely on the assumption of uniform biodegradation or little
degradation below the root zone may not accurately predict the fate of
organic chemicals in heterogeneous soils. Likewise, biodegradation rates
that are determined in aqueous solutions in the context of laboratory
screening experiments, as is common practice, have little relevance to
natural and agricultural ecosystems. The interaction of soil structure and
non-uniform biodegradation rates of commonly applied organic chemicals
needs to be addressed.
Decision Support For Assessing Risk Of Environmental Pollution Of Soils By
Surface-Applied Chemicals.
The recent experience of the citizens of Dartmoor in South-West Victoria of
the potential contamination of their drinking water supplies and
groundwater by leakage from an underground arsenic based timber
preservative has highlighted one of the dangers faced by rural communities
- that of relying on vulnerable groundwater supplies for drinking,
sanitation and domestic stock purposes. Simple-to-use, physically based
decision support systems for evaluating risk of groundwater contamination
by surface applied chemicals are urgently required to ensure safe
management of agricultural lands.
Tidal Effects On Contaminant Plumes In Unconfined Coastal Aquifers
Most of Australia's population is confined in coastal zones. In heavily
populated coastal cities, elevated levels of nutrients, sediments, heavy
metals, & other pollutants are discharged into the ocean. Many pollutants
leach through the soil into the groundwater and eventually discharge into
the ocean. This research investigates the physical processes controlling
the spread of contaminant plumes in coastal aquifers influenced by ocean
tides. In spite of its obvious importance to coastal management,
comparatively little research has been conducted in Australia
^ \|||/ ^
| (o o) |
+=======================oOO==(_)==OOo=======================+
|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|
|__|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|__|__|__|
|_____| |_____|
|__|__| Dr Frank Stagnitti |__|__|
|_____| School of Aquatic Science & |_____|
|_____| Natural Resources Management, |__|__|
|__|__| Centre For Applied Dynamical Systems & |__|__|
|__|__| Environmental Modelling |__|__|
|__|__| Deakin University, P.O. Box 423, Warrnambool, |_____|
|_____| Victoria, AUSTRALIA |__|__|
|_____| |_____|
|__|__| Email: frankst@deakin.edu.au |__|__|
|__|__| Voice: +61 (0)3 5563 3535 |__|__|
|_____| Fax: +61 (0)3 5563 3462 |_____|
|_____| WWW: http://www.cm.deakin.edu.au/~frankst |_____|
|__|__|_______________________________________________|__|__|
|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|
+===========================================================+
"Imagination is more important than knowledge" (Albert Einstein)
"I can't give you a brain but I can give you a diploma"
(The Wizard of Oz to the Scarecrow)
"Money can't buy happiness, but it can buy a better sort of
misery" (Woody Allen)
------------------------------
End of SOILS-L Digest - 1 Sep 1997 to 2 Sep 1997
************************************************
Date: Fri, 05 Sep 1997 00:03:36 -0600
From: Automatic digest processor (LISTSERV@crcvms.unl.edu)
Subject: SOILS-L Digest - 2 Sep 1997 to 4 Sep 1997
There are 2 messages totalling 32 lines in this issue.
Topics of the day:
1. unsubscribe
2. Waste & Remediation Software?
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: Thu, 4 Sep 1997 09:04:21 -0600
From: Zhipeng Zhao (ZHAOZP@UWYO.EDU)
Subject: unsubscribe
Sorry to post it here, I just couldn't find a way to sign off. Would someone
please help me to sign off or let me know how to do it. Thanks.
Z. Zhao
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 5 Sep 1997 08:39:57 +1000
From: Budiman (budiman@FISHER.BIZ.USYD.EDU.AU)
Subject: Re: Waste & Remediation Software?
Please send me a copy of the software. Thank you very much.
*********************************************************
* budiman@fisher.biz.usyd.edu.au *
* Budiman Minasny *
* Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science *
* University of Sydney *
* Phone/Fax: 61 2 9351 3706 *
* NSW 2006, Australia *
*********************************************************
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End of SOILS-L Digest - 2 Sep 1997 to 4 Sep 1997
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Date: Sat, 06 Sep 1997 00:03:22 -0600
From: Automatic digest processor (LISTSERV@crcvms.unl.edu)
Subject: SOILS-L Digest - 4 Sep 1997 to 5 Sep 1997
There are 5 messages totalling 294 lines in this issue.
Topics of the day:
1. Sodium mitigation of brine contaminants (4)
2. Chittick apparati
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: Fri, 5 Sep 1997 16:17:26 -0400
From: "Richard E. Woodward" (rwoodward@MINDSPRING.COM)
Subject: Sodium mitigation of brine contaminants
I am working on a project where brine from oil well drilling and subsequent
production has contamianted about 20 acres of surface soils. I am looking
for information on chemicals, presummabably calcium compounds, to apply to
mitigate the sodium for revegetation. I found two references that may
contain the information I need:
Chemical Amendment and Irrigation Effects on Sodium Migration and Vegetation
Characteristics in Sodic Minesoils in Montana. 1980. Dollhopf, D.J., R.C.
Postle, R.B. Rennick and S.A. Young. Mont. Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. 736, 109 pp.
($13.75)
Chemical Amendment and Irrigation Effects on Sodium Migration and Vegetation
Characteristics in 7 year old sodic minesoils. 1985. Dollhopf, D.J., R.C.
Postle, R.B. Rennick and S.A. Young. Mont. Agric. Exp. Sta. Spec. Rpt. No.
17, 109 pp. ($13.25)
I would like to review more current references and to learn of first hand
experiences (positive or negative) others have had with similar projects.
Regards, Dick Woodward
"Richard E. Woodward" (rwoodward@mindspring.com)
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 5 Sep 1997 16:09:03 -0500
From: Ted Zobeck (tzobeck@MAIL.CSRL.ARS.USDA.GOV)
Subject: Chittick apparati
from Garry Running (runningl@uwec.edu)...
Dear Colleagues,
My name is Garry Running and I have a question for you. The good news is I
have received some funds to purchase equipment to upgrade our soils
laboratory here at the University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire (emphasis is on
improving an undergraduate teaching facility versus creating a research
facility). The bad news is I am having trouble locating one piece of
equipment.
In the past I have used Chittick apparati to determine pedogenic and
detrital carbonate content in soil samples. The method uses HCL to break
down carbonate and then measures the volume of CO2 released. Conversions
are used to determine carbonate content. The method, though relatively
simple is accurate enough for our needs, is relatively fast, easy to teach,
and has good "repeatability". However, I have conducted a rather extensive
inquiry with vendors and purveyors of scientific equipment and have been
unsuccessful in locating such an apparati available for purchase. Indeed, I
have not found any company that either manufactures or sells Chittick
apparati. Short of building one myself using specifications published in
Singer and Janitzky (1986) I am at somewhat of a loss.
So, does anyone know where a Chittick apparati can be purchased? Or
alternately, the difficulty of finding one of these leads me to believe that
some newer method for determining carbonate content in soil samples has
superseded the Chittick method. If I am correct in this assumption does
anyone have information on newer methods and equipment suitable for this
kind of analyses? I would entertain any information on alternate methods or
information leading to the location of the elusive Chittick apparati.
I would be grateful for any assistance you could offer and will be happy to
post the results of this inquiry for all to see. I can be reached at:
runningl@uwec.edu
Thank you all in advance for your help.
Dr. Garry Leonard Running IV
Department of Geography
University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire
Eau Claire, WI 54702-4004
715-836-2731 office
715-836-6027 fax
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 5 Sep 1997 16:45:17 -0600
From: "J. Jeffrey Wilson, Ph.D." (jwilso@ACS.UCALGARY.CA)
Subject: Re: Sodium mitigation of brine contaminants
Hi Dick,
I took a course on Remediation of Salt Affected Soils last year and have a
few references for you (if you can find them)...
L.G. Wetter et al. 1987. Amelioration of a Solonetzic Soil by Subsoiling
and Liming. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 67:919-930 (Nov. 1987).
Tanji. K.K. (editor). 1990. Agricultural Salinity Assessment and
Management. American Society of Civil Engineers. ASCE Manuals and Reports
on Engineering Practice No. 71. 619p.
Szabolcs, I. 1989. Salt-Affected Soils. CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton, FL.
274 pp.
Gypsum and Calcium nitrate are used most often in Alberta's oil patch
because of the clay soils and the need to echange the Na+ off the clay
with Ca++. The trick is to reduce the exhangeable sodium percentage (ESP
to (5% without causing the clay to swell. Then you have to get rid of the
saline leachate so that it doesn't migrate to another recharge area and
cause a problem there... FUN.
Good Luck,
Jeff Wilson
On Fri, 5 Sep 1997, Richard E. Woodward wrote:
)
) I am working on a project where brine from oil well drilling and subsequent
) production has contamianted about 20 acres of surface soils. I am looking
) for information on chemicals, presummabably calcium compounds, to apply to
) mitigate the sodium for revegetation. I found two references that may
) contain the information I need:
)
) Chemical Amendment and Irrigation Effects on Sodium Migration and Vegetation
) Characteristics in Sodic Minesoils in Montana. 1980. Dollhopf, D.J., R.C.
) Postle, R.B. Rennick and S.A. Young. Mont. Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. 736, 109 pp.
) ($13.75)
)
) Chemical Amendment and Irrigation Effects on Sodium Migration and Vegetation
) Characteristics in 7 year old sodic minesoils. 1985. Dollhopf, D.J., R.C.
) Postle, R.B. Rennick and S.A. Young. Mont. Agric. Exp. Sta. Spec. Rpt. No.
) 17, 109 pp. ($13.25)
)
) I would like to review more current references and to learn of first hand
) experiences (positive or negative) others have had with similar projects.
)
) Regards, Dick Woodward
) "Richard E. Woodward" (rwoodward@mindspring.com)
)
__________________________________________________________
J. Jeffrey Wilson, Ph.D., P.Biol. "Microbial Answers Inc."
Environmental Microbiology and Bioremediation Consulting
712 - 120th Avenue S.E. Calgary, Alberta, CANADA T2J 2K4
Tel/Fax: (403) 278-1901 email: jwilso@acs.ucalgary.ca
__________________________________________________________
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 5 Sep 1997 16:42:24 -0600
From: "Richard A. King" (raking@FREENET.CALGARY.AB.CA)
Subject: Re: Sodium mitigation of brine contaminants
Hi,
There is a sewer and water problems [L-SEWER list] out of the U of
Texas. Members have information which may help. The group has brought up
similar concerns with gray water and out flow beds.
You may inquire through sci.engineering.civil or websearch for the
sewer and water list.
Regards,
Richard A. King
"We owe a cock to Asclepios pay it in full"
[PLATO]
On Fri, 5 Sep 1997, Richard E. Woodward wrote:
)
) I am working on a project where brine from oil well drilling and subsequent
) production has contamianted about 20 acres of surface soils. I am looking
) for information on chemicals, presummabably calcium compounds, to apply to
) mitigate the sodium for revegetation. I found two references that may
) contain the information I need:
)
) Chemical Amendment and Irrigation Effects on Sodium Migration and Vegetation
) Characteristics in Sodic Minesoils in Montana. 1980. Dollhopf, D.J., R.C.
) Postle, R.B. Rennick and S.A. Young. Mont. Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. 736, 109 pp.
) ($13.75)
)
) Chemical Amendment and Irrigation Effects on Sodium Migration and Vegetation
) Characteristics in 7 year old sodic minesoils. 1985. Dollhopf, D.J., R.C.
) Postle, R.B. Rennick and S.A. Young. Mont. Agric. Exp. Sta. Spec. Rpt. No.
) 17, 109 pp. ($13.25)
)
) I would like to review more current references and to learn of first hand
) experiences (positive or negative) others have had with similar projects.
)
) Regards, Dick Woodward
) "Richard E. Woodward" (rwoodward@mindspring.com)
)
------------------------------
Date: Sat, 6 Sep 1997 13:30:22 +1000
From: Paul Nelson (pauln@TPGI.COM.AU)
Subject: Re: Sodium mitigation of brine contaminants
Dick,
Here are some more references that may be useful:
Abrol I P, Yadav J S P, Massoud F I. Salt-affected soils and their
management. Soils Bulletin 39 FAO Rome 131p. 1988.
Bresler E, McNeal B L, Carter D L. "Saline and Sodic Soils: Principles,
Dynamics, Modeling". Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany. 1982.
Shainberg and J Shalhevet (eds) Soil Structure in Saline and Sodic Soils.
Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany. 1984
Gupta R K, Abrol I P. Salt-affected soils: their reclamation and management
for crop production. Advances in Soil Science. 1990;11:223-288.
Keren R. Reclamation of sodic-affected soils. in M Agassi (ed.) Soil
Erosion, Conservation and Rehabilitation. Marcel Dekker. 1996:353-374 .
Oster J D. Sodic soil reclamation. In H Lieth and A Al Masoom (eds) Towards
the Rational Use of High Salinity Tolerant Plants. Vol. 1. Kluwer Academic
Publishers. 1993:485-490 .
Oster J D, Shainberg I, Abrol I P. Reclamation of salt-affected soil. in M
Agassi (ed.) Soil Erosion, Conservation and Rehabilitation. Marcel Dekker.
1996:315-352 .
Shainberg I, Letey J. Response of soils to sodic and saline conditions.
Hilgardia. 1984;52:1-57.
Regards,
Paul
Paul Nelson
Bureau of Sugar Experiment Stations
P.O. Box 117, Ayr, Qld. 4807, Australia
Tel. 61-77-825455, Fax. 61-77-825487
Email. pauln@tpgi.com.au
)
) On Fri, 5 Sep 1997, Richard E. Woodward wrote:
)
) )
) ) I am working on a project where brine from oil well drilling and
subsequent
) ) production has contamianted about 20 acres of surface soils. I am
looking
) ) for information on chemicals, presummabably calcium compounds, to apply
to
) ) mitigate the sodium for revegetation. I found two references that may
) ) contain the information I need:
) )
) ) Chemical Amendment and Irrigation Effects on Sodium Migration and
Vegetation
) ) Characteristics in Sodic Minesoils in Montana. 1980. Dollhopf, D.J.,
R.C.
) ) Postle, R.B. Rennick and S.A. Young. Mont. Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. 736,
109 pp.
) ) ($13.75)
) )
) ) Chemical Amendment and Irrigation Effects on Sodium Migration and
Vegetation
) ) Characteristics in 7 year old sodic minesoils. 1985. Dollhopf, D.J.,
R.C.
) ) Postle, R.B. Rennick and S.A. Young. Mont. Agric. Exp. Sta. Spec. Rpt.
No.
) ) 17, 109 pp. ($13.25)
) )
) ) I would like to review more current references and to learn of first
hand
) ) experiences (positive or negative) others have had with similar
projects.
) )
) ) Regards, Dick Woodward
) ) "Richard E. Woodward" (rwoodward@mindspring.com)
) )
)
) __________________________________________________________
) J. Jeffrey Wilson, Ph.D., P.Biol. "Microbial Answers Inc."
) Environmental Microbiology and Bioremediation Consulting
) 712 - 120th Avenue S.E. Calgary, Alberta, CANADA T2J 2K4
) Tel/Fax: (403) 278-1901 email: jwilso@acs.ucalgary.ca
) __________________________________________________________
------------------------------
End of SOILS-L Digest - 4 Sep 1997 to 5 Sep 1997
************************************************
Date: Wed, 10 Sep 1997 00:01:58 -0600
From: Automatic digest processor (LISTSERV@crcvms.unl.edu)
Subject: SOILS-L Digest - 5 Sep 1997 to 9 Sep 1997
There are 3 messages totalling 145 lines in this issue.
Topics of the day:
1. TCLP standards for the disposal of organic wastes to landfill.
2. Role of Oxygen in nutriewnt uptake (2)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: Tue, 9 Sep 1997 18:00:33 +1000
From: Anna Cochrane (Anna.Cochrane@EPA.VIC.GOV.AU)
Subject: TCLP standards for the disposal of organic wastes to landfill.
Dear Hazardous Waste Managers and fellow soil scientists,
I am working for the Environment Protection Authority, Melbourne, Victoria,
Australia. I looked your contact details up on the internet, and hope that
one of you will be able to help me, or refer this message on to someone who
can.
EPA Victoria has recently outlawed the practice of "fixing" liquid organic
and oily wastes with sawdust to make them "spadeable", prior to them being
disposed of to landfill. EPA Victoria is also working to review the
regulations concerning, and to develop alternative disposal strategies for,
the wastes which are currently being "fixed" by other methods (eg. flyash,
cement) prior to landfill disposal.
As part of this work, I am preparing a review report of interstate and
international Toxicity Characteristic Leach Procedure (TCLP - USEPA Method
1311) standards for the disposal of organics to landfill, and the
literature relevant to these.
I have already obtained information from the USEPA and several other
Australian jurisdictions. However, to complete my study, I need to gather
more information as to how other jurisdictions categorise and dispose of
these wastes.
I have looked at some of the information avaliable on the internet, but
would like some assistance to quickly identify the relevant guidelines, and
information relating to the scope and rationale behind these guidelines.
My questions are:
Does your jurisdiction use the TCLP method for classifying hazardous /
special wastes?
If not, then what method is used?
What standards for maximum leachate concentrations are used? Have you
developed your own, adopted a set of National standards, or do you use
others, such as the USEPA standards?
What are the relevant references for any supporting legislation or
other relevant documents for these methods and standards? Are any of
these available via the internet, or could you e-mail this document /
sections to me?
Have any other TCLP / leachate standards been developed / proposed /
implemented either by your agency, or any other that you may be aware?
What is the scope of your current TCLP / leachate standards?
What is the rationale for the development of these standards?
Any other references or URLs that you could provide me with would be much
appreciated.
I have a short timeline for the completion of this project, and would
therefore appreciate a response as soon as possible, either by e-mail or
phone.
Yours sincerely,
Anna Cochrane.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------
Anna Cochrane
Industry Services Unit
Environment Protection Authority
477 Collins St, Melbourne
Victoria, 3001
Australia
Tel (Work): +61 3 9628 5293
Fax(Work): +61 3 9628 5733
e-mail: anna.cochrane@epa.vic.gov.au
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 9 Sep 1997 08:50:45 -0500
From: Ralph Anderson (cnty4093@UNLVM.UNL.EDU)
Subject: Role of Oxygen in nutriewnt uptake
I will be visiting with a farmer this week who has a spot in his
field that is virually non productive this year. Plants are yellow and
dying, small or no ears, lot of corn borer damage. There apparently is a
high water table and at one time, there was standing water but the farmer
feels that he has it graded enough to drain off fairly rapidly.
How important is oxygen in nutrient uptake. If this problem is
caused by "wet feet (roots)", what should I be looking for now? Is there
something that either soil tests or tissue test can tell us? Is there
anything that we need to be wary about when looking at soil or plant tests
in these conditions?
Are soybeans more tolerant of these conditions than corn? If there
is a buried clay layer (restricting layer), how close to the surface can it
be before it starts to cause problems from saturated soil?
Is there any reason why corn borer would favor this environment or
would the damaged cause by corn borer be more critical in this environment?
We will appreciate any advise I can get on how to approach this
problem and what queations to ask. Thanks!
Ralph Anderson
Extension Educator Ph (308) 236-1235 Fax (308) 236 6319
1400 E 34 E-Mail cnty4093@unlvm.unl.edu
Kearney NE 68847
Home Page http://ianrwww.unl.edu/ianr/screc/fortepu/Buffalo/Buffalo.htm
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 9 Sep 1997 16:02:24 +0000
From: Cullan Riley (cullan.riley@LUTON.AC.UK)
Subject: Re: Role of Oxygen in nutriewnt uptake
Ralph Anderson wrote:
I will be visiting with a farmer this week who has a spot in his
field that is virually non productive this year. Plants are yellow and
dying, small or no ears, lot of corn borer damage. There apparently is a
high water table and at one time, there was standing water but the farmer
feels that he has it graded enough to drain off fairly rapidly.
How important is oxygen in nutrient uptake. If this problem is
caused by "wet feet (roots)", what should I be looking for now? Is there
something that either soil tests or tissue test can tell us? Is there
anything that we need to be wary about when looking at soil or plant tests
in these conditions?
Are soybeans more tolerant of these conditions than corn? If there
is a buried clay layer (restricting layer), how close to the surface can it
be before it starts to cause problems from saturated soil?
Is there any reason why corn borer would favor this environment or
would the damaged cause by corn borer be more critical in this environment?
We will appreciate any advise I can get on how to approach this
problem and what queations to ask. Thanks!
Ralph Anderson
Standing water in agricultural fields can result in phytotoxin
production especially if crop residues remain tilled in close to the
surface of the soil. Perhaps this is a solution to your problem
rather than the role of oxygen in nutrient uptake ?
Cullan Riley
Graduate School
Science and Computing
University of Luton
------------------------------
End of SOILS-L Digest - 5 Sep 1997 to 9 Sep 1997
************************************************
Date: Thu, 11 Sep 1997 00:03:57 -0600
From: Automatic digest processor (LISTSERV@crcvms.unl.edu)
Subject: SOILS-L Digest - 9 Sep 1997 to 10 Sep 1997
There are 4 messages totalling 241 lines in this issue.
Topics of the day:
1. calcic horizon development (4)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: Wed, 10 Sep 1997 13:31:06 -0700
From: Gail Olson (olsogl@INEL.GOV)
Subject: calcic horizon development
Dear Group,
Help!
The remains of a skeleton have been found on our DOE site and we
are in the process of trying to determine how old it is WITHOUT
doing any destructive testing. The skeleton is below a calcic
horizon. Remains from a different skeleton were determined to
be about 1200 years old (carbon dating, I believe). It's kind
of surprising to me that such a large amount (about 60-100 cm)
of sediments could be deposited and develop a calcic horizon in
this setting over such a short timeframe. (Rainfall is about 8"
per year, most of it in snowfall; summers on the Idaho desert
are relatively short, and winters are cold...quantification
available on request. The site is in a depression, so it may
receive more than just 8".) Anybody have any ideas or
references relative to the amount of time it takes to develop a
calcic horizon? We have plenty of soils in our area that do not
have calcic horizons, but are believed to be much older than
1200 years. Any help would be appreciated!
Gail
-------------------------------------
Gail Olson
Applied Engineering and Development
Lockheed Martin Idaho Technologies Co.
P.O. Box 1625
Idaho Falls, ID 83415-2107
(208)526-4069
-------------------------------------
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 10 Sep 1997 14:30:06 -0600
From: Tom Hilinski (hilinski@LAMAR.COLOSTATE.EDU)
Subject: Re: calcic horizon development
----------
) From: Gail Olson (olsogl@INEL.GOV)
) To: SOILS-L@crcvms.unl.edu
) Subject: calcic horizon development
) Date: Wednesday, 10 September 1997 2:31 PM
)
) Dear Group,
) Help!
) The remains of a skeleton have been found on our DOE site and we
) are in the process of trying to determine how old it is WITHOUT
) doing any destructive testing. The skeleton is below a calcic
) horizon. Remains from a different skeleton were determined to
) be about 1200 years old (carbon dating, I believe). It's kind
) of surprising to me that such a large amount (about 60-100 cm)
) of sediments could be deposited and develop a calcic horizon in
) this setting over such a short timeframe. (Rainfall is about 8"
) per year, most of it in snowfall; summers on the Idaho desert
) are relatively short, and winters are cold...quantification
) available on request. The site is in a depression, so it may
) receive more than just 8".) Anybody have any ideas or
) references relative to the amount of time it takes to develop a
) calcic horizon? We have plenty of soils in our area that do not
) have calcic horizons, but are believed to be much older than
) 1200 years. Any help would be appreciated!
) Gail
) -------------------------------------
) Gail Olson
) Applied Engineering and Development
) Lockheed Martin Idaho Technologies Co.
) P.O. Box 1625
) Idaho Falls, ID 83415-2107
) (208)526-4069
) -------------------------------------
McFadden and Machette (Univ. New Mexico) have done much on pedogenic
carbonate development rates in the southwest US. A starting point for
info could be the Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 203 (1985). Also,
much has been published since then.
Also, there are comonly-used techniques to carbon-date pedogenic
carbonate, such as by removing carbonate accumulated under clasts. This
will give you a "real" estimate of the age of the skeleton. Rates of
accumulation can vary widely, and tend to be sensitive to topography,
microclimate, and vegetation. Using rates of horizon development and
carbonate accumulation derived from other areas can be problematic.
Tom Hilinski
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
mail: Dept. Soil & Crop Sciences, Colorado State University,
Fort Collins, CO 80523
e-mail: hilinski@lamar.colostate.edu
WWW: http://lamar.colostate.edu/~hilinski/
voice: 970-491-7957
fax: 970-491-0564
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 10 Sep 1997 13:38:05 -0600
From: Bruce Harrison (bruce@NMT.EDU)
Subject: Re: calcic horizon development
At 01:31 PM 9/10/97 -0700, you wrote:
)Dear Group,
)Help!
)The remains of a skeleton have been found on our DOE site and we
)are in the process of trying to determine how old it is WITHOUT
)doing any destructive testing. The skeleton is below a calcic
)horizon. Remains from a different skeleton were determined to
)be about 1200 years old (carbon dating, I believe). It's kind
)of surprising to me that such a large amount (about 60-100 cm)
)of sediments could be deposited and develop a calcic horizon in
)this setting over such a short timeframe. (Rainfall is about 8"
)per year, most of it in snowfall; summers on the Idaho desert
)are relatively short, and winters are cold...quantification
)available on request. The site is in a depression, so it may
)receive more than just 8".) Anybody have any ideas or
)references relative to the amount of time it takes to develop a
)calcic horizon? We have plenty of soils in our area that do not
)have calcic horizons, but are believed to be much older than
)1200 years. Any help would be appreciated!
)Gail
)-------------------------------------
)Gail Olson
)Applied Engineering and Development
)Lockheed Martin Idaho Technologies Co.
)P.O. Box 1625
)Idaho Falls, ID 83415-2107
)(208)526-4069
)-------------------------------------
)
)
Gail
Some question/comments about your request.
1) How well developed is the calcic horizon that has developed over the
skeleton.?
2) How do you know thatthe buried skeleton is the same age as the skeleton
that was dated?
3) Is it possible that the skeleton was buried and the excavated material
used to bury the body?
4) Rates of calcic horizon development from other parts of the US are
probably going to be of little use to you. The rate of calcic horizon
development depends on the dust flux, the rainfall and the amount of
carbonate in the dust. All these vary significantly throughout the US.
Bruce Harrison
J.B.J. Harrison
Earth & Environmental Sciences Department
New Mexico Tech
Socorro, NM, 87801
505-835-5864
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 10 Sep 1997 16:40:47 -0700
From: Gail Olson (olsogl@INEL.GOV)
Subject: Re: calcic horizon development
Answers to the questions follow re: calcic horizon over
skeleton:
1) How well developed is the calcic horizon that has developed
over the
skeleton.?
--) For now I'll say medium to weak. I stopped at the site
briefly last week and am heading out to profile Monday. One of
the things that was prominent (and which may pose problems for
us if we try to obtain a carbon date) was the amount of
bioturbation within the calcic horizon resulting probably from
cicadas and other ground dwelling organisms.
2) How do you know thatthe buried skeleton is the same age as
the skeleton
that was dated?
--)We don't.
3) Is it possible that the skeleton was buried and the excavated
material
used to bury the body?
--) Certainly. It begs the question: why? Why would primative
people working with stone tools and the like go to the trouble
of digging a big, deep hole to bury a body? Furthermore,
because there are no known artifacts associated with the
skeleton, it is believed that the person (a woman) died in
place. In addition, I don't think that deep burials were
customary of the native tribes.
4) Rates of calcic horizon development from other parts of the
US are
probably going to be of little use to you. The rate of calcic
horizon
development depends on the dust flux, the rainfall and the
amount of
carbonate in the dust. All these vary significantly throughout
the US.
--) Significantly, I'm sure, but are there any situations in
the arid west where a calcic horizon would develop in 1200
years? I have a hard time believing that soil formation would
occur so rapidly here, where stuff just doesn't happen that
fast.
Thanks for your interest and insightful questions...
Gail
Bruce Harrison
J.B.J. Harrison
Earth & Environmental Sciences Department
New Mexico Tech
Socorro, NM, 87801
505-835-5864
-----------------End of Original Message-----------------
-------------------------------------
Gail Olson
Applied Engineering and Development
Lockheed Martin Idaho Technologies Co.
P.O. Box 1625
Idaho Falls, ID 83415-2107
(208)526-4069
-------------------------------------
------------------------------
End of SOILS-L Digest - 9 Sep 1997 to 10 Sep 1997
*************************************************
Date: Fri, 12 Sep 1997 00:04:02 -0600
From: Automatic digest processor (LISTSERV@crcvms.unl.edu)
Subject: SOILS-L Digest - 10 Sep 1997 to 11 Sep 1997
There is one message totalling 16 lines in this issue.
Topics of the day:
1. calcic horizon development
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: Thu, 11 Sep 1997 19:33:41 -0400
From: Douglas Frink (DSFrink@AOL.COM)
Subject: Re: calcic horizon development
Gail,
I'm an archaeologist and pedologist. Although I cannot directly answer your
question, the calcic horizon may have contaminated the earlier 14C sample. I
invite you to visit the OCR Carbon Dating Web-Site for an alternative to 14C
dating, and perhaps a technique which can indirectly address your question.
http://members.aol.com/dsfrink/ocr/ocrpage.htm
Douglas Frink
------------------------------
End of SOILS-L Digest - 10 Sep 1997 to 11 Sep 1997
**************************************************
Date: Tue, 16 Sep 1997 00:03:57 -0600
From: Automatic digest processor (LISTSERV@crcvms.unl.edu)
Subject: SOILS-L Digest - 11 Sep 1997 to 15 Sep 1997
There is one message totalling 18 lines in this issue.
Topics of the day:
1. Introduction
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: Mon, 15 Sep 1997 18:29:46 -0600
From: B Rawluk (brawluk@GPU.SRV.UALBERTA.CA)
Subject: Introduction
Hello everyone I am Brad Rawluk and I am currently in my fourth year at
the University of Alberta majorring in Land Resource Science. My interests
in this field currently are primarily agriculture related.
*******************************************************************
Brad Rawluk
4th Year
Land Resource Science
brawluk@gpu.srv.ualberta.ca
------------------------------
End of SOILS-L Digest - 11 Sep 1997 to 15 Sep 1997
**************************************************
Date: Fri, 19 Sep 1997 00:03:52 -0600
From: Automatic digest processor (LISTSERV@crcvms.unl.edu)
Subject: SOILS-L Digest - 15 Sep 1997 to 18 Sep 1997
There are 2 messages totalling 110 lines in this issue.
Topics of the day:
1. winter soil stripping (2)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: Thu, 18 Sep 1997 20:03:40 -0600
From: Bruce Dewar (dewar@TELUSPLANET.NET)
Subject: winter soil stripping
Sept 14, 1997
Hello I'd like to introduce myself as a new member of this mailing list.
My name is Bruce Dewar, I have a BSc in biochemistry and am involved in the oil
and gas industry of Alberta Canada. My duties involve the construction and
reclamation of leases for drilling rigs. Basically stripping the soils of of a
100m square and leveling the clay. Then afterwards reclaiming the site to
original condition.
I am involved with the reclamation business in Alberta and have a
question about
winter soil stripping. When stripping the topsoil and subsoils off of an area
of and when the soil is frozen is ther a method to prevent excessive admixing of
soil layers?
So far I have found that the only way to cut into the frozen soil is to drop the
ripper
of the cat and break-up the soils. This, however, creates a severe admixing
problem
that damages the topsoil and subsoil preventing successful reclamation results.
Is
there a way to reach the same ends without admixing the soils?
Bruce Dewar
Triad Technologies Inc.
dewar@telusplanet.net
Alberta, Canada
------------------------------
Date: Thu, 18 Sep 1997 20:32:17 -0700
From: "J.D. Oster" (oster@MAIL.UCR.EDU)
Subject: Re: winter soil stripping
Bruce: you could use ripping shanks mounted on wheels with a hydraulic
cylinder to control the depth. The equipment requires a D6 - D8 to pull, so
the shanks should be strong enough to fracture a frozen soil. The ripping
depth should be about 1.5 times the depth of top soil and the spacing
between the ripper shanks should be about 0.8 times the depth of ripping.
If this does too much mixing, then try ripping at shallower depths. The
shanks are parabolic in shape, made from steel about 1 inch thick. The
maximum width at the top portion of the curve is about 6 inches and the
width then tapers down towards the lower end of the shank. These rippers
are fairly commonly used in California to rip to depths varying from 1 to 3
feet. You could contact Doug Rheinhardt or Dave Howe at Westlake Farms,
Stratford for more details. Tell them I suggested you call them for more
information. Sorry, I do not have there phone number. It is listed under
Westlake Farms in the 209 calling area. At 08:03 PM 9/18/97 -0600, you wrote:
)Sept 14, 1997
)
) Hello I'd like to introduce myself as a new member of this mailing
list.
) My name is Bruce Dewar, I have a BSc in biochemistry and am involved in
the oil
)and gas industry of Alberta Canada. My duties involve the construction and
)reclamation of leases for drilling rigs. Basically stripping the soils of
of a
)100m square and leveling the clay. Then afterwards reclaiming the site to
)original condition.
)
) I am involved with the reclamation business in Alberta and have a
)question about
)winter soil stripping. When stripping the topsoil and subsoils off of an
area
)of and when the soil is frozen is ther a method to prevent excessive
admixing of
)soil layers?
)So far I have found that the only way to cut into the frozen soil is to
drop the
)ripper
)of the cat and break-up the soils. This, however, creates a severe admixing
)problem
)that damages the topsoil and subsoil preventing successful reclamation
results.
) Is
)there a way to reach the same ends without admixing the soils?
)
) Bruce Dewar
) Triad Technologies Inc.
) dewar@telusplanet.net
) Alberta, Canada
)
J.D.(Jim) Oster
Soil and Water Specialist and Adjunct Professor
Soil and Environmental Sciences
University of California
Riverside, CA.
FAX: 909 787-5522
P.O Box 1344
Graeagle CA 96103
Telehones
VOICE:
Riverside Office 909 787-5100 Nov 1997
Graeagle Office 916 8360938 May through October 1997
e-mail: Oster@mail.ucr.edu
http://esce.ucr.edu
------------------------------
End of SOILS-L Digest - 15 Sep 1997 to 18 Sep 1997
**************************************************
Date: Sat, 20 Sep 1997 00:02:35 -0600
From: Automatic digest processor (LISTSERV@crcvms.unl.edu)
Subject: SOILS-L Digest - 18 Sep 1997 to 19 Sep 1997
There are 2 messages totalling 48 lines in this issue.
Topics of the day:
1. winter soil stripping
2. winter soil stripping -Reply
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: Fri, 19 Sep 1997 09:33:29 -0400
From: "Richard E. Woodward" (rwoodward@MINDSPRING.COM)
Subject: Re: winter soil stripping
Hi Bruce:
I can't help you with the frozen soil problem (it never freezes here) but I
am interested in your approach to reclamation of drilling sites. Generally
brine contamination is a bigger problem than hydrocarbon contamination. How
do you treat brine impacted soils so they can be revegetated? The general
approach I find here is gypsum, calcitic lime or dolomite followed by
leaching. I have heard about calcium silicates but have not found any case
studies or a local source. I would be interested in your approach.
Regards, Dick
"Richard E. Woodward" (rwoodward@mindspring.com)
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 19 Sep 1997 08:55:22 -0500
From: Paul Reynolds (PREYNOLD@TNRCC.STATE.TX.US)
Subject: Re: winter soil stripping -Reply
Mr. Woodward,
There are a couple of companies here in Texas that deal with that.
Unfortunately, I do not recall any of the information, but I do recall that
there is a company out of the Bryan/College Station area that specializes
in brine remediation. You may want to call the Texas Railroad
Commission at 512/463-7288. This agency deals with the operation of oil
and gas wells and mining and are therefore, responsible for the
remediation of associated sites.
I hope this will be of some assistance to you.
James Paul Reynolds, Jr., Agronomist/Soil Scientist
Ground Water Assessment Section, Water Quality Division
Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission
12100 Park 35 Circle, Bldg. F, Austin TX 78753
(512)239-4508
------------------------------
End of SOILS-L Digest - 18 Sep 1997 to 19 Sep 1997
**************************************************
Date: Mon, 22 Sep 1997 00:02:35 -0600
From: Automatic digest processor (LISTSERV@crcvms.unl.edu)
Subject: SOILS-L Digest - 19 Sep 1997 to 21 Sep 1997
There is one message totalling 18 lines in this issue.
Topics of the day:
1. Rhizosphere research
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: Sun, 21 Sep 1997 11:45:27 -0400
From: Ahmed (ahmed@AEI.CA)
Subject: Rhizosphere research
Hello, my name is Kader Benmati, I have a Masters in soil science. Since
few years I started a field and experimental works on solutes root
permeability. Preliminary results showed that some plants under arid
climate accumulate salts on their root surface. Under wet climate the
accumulations occur into root cells. I'd like undertake experimental
studies in order to modelling solutes flux in root-soil interface. I should
very grateful to everyone interested to supervise my project.
A. Ben Mati
------------------------------
End of SOILS-L Digest - 19 Sep 1997 to 21 Sep 1997
**************************************************
Date: Thu, 25 Sep 1997 00:01:58 -0600
From: Automatic digest processor (LISTSERV@crcvms.unl.edu)
Subject: SOILS-L Digest - 21 Sep 1997 to 24 Sep 1997
There is one message totalling 271 lines in this issue.
Topics of the day:
1. Training Program "Optimizing Management for Precision Farming"
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Date: Wed, 24 Sep 1997 11:06:07 -0500
From: Joep Luyten (luyten@AGEN.UFL.EDU)
Subject: Training Program "Optimizing Management for Precision Farming"
Second announcement for the Training Program:
“Optimizing Management for Precision Farming: A Systems Approach”
March 9 - 14, 1998, Gainesville, Florida
**********************************************************************
********* WWW-site: http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~workshop/ *********
**********************************************************************
### SPONSORED BY:
- University of Florida
- Wageningen Agricultural University
- University of Georgia
- International Fertilizer Development Center
- International Consortium for Agricultural Systems Applications
### RATIONALE
Precision Farming has a goal of optimizing the use of soil and water
resources and chemical inputs (fertilizers and pesticides) on a
site-specific basis. This goal is now technically feasible due to
recent advances in sensor technology and controllers that allows
variable rate application of materials across a field. Technological
advances in remote sensing, grain yield monitoring, geographical
information systems (GIS), and global positioning systems (GPS),
provide new opportunities for characterizing variability in crop
fields. These new tools have now shown that many crop fields are
highly variable, thereby reducing overall field yield and resource use
efficiency. However, once one has a measure of the spatial
variability, optimizing management requires an understanding of what
caused the variability first of all, and a method to determine optimal
management over the field. Crop simulation models are needed to help
consultants, researchers, and other farm advisors determine the
pattern of field management that optimizes production or profit.
However, the effective use of these tools requires their evaluation in
fields to be optimized, their integration with other information tools
such as GIS, geostatistics, remote sensing, and optimization analysis.
A comprehensive crop model application package has been developed by
researchers from several countries. This system, DSSAT v3.1,
incorporates crop/soil/weather models, data input and management
software, and analysis programs for optimizing production or profit
for homogenous fields. It also has features linking DSSAT crop models
with GIS, geostatistics, and other software to enable users to
optimize management over spatially-variable fields considering a
number of important factors that affect crop development and yield.
This training program is designed to provide participants with
necessary concepts and a practical working knowledge of these tools,
with case study projects. It will also provide them with information
on how to link crop model components with other packages being
designed and developed for practical application to precision farming.
### PROGRAM GOAL AND OBJECTIVES
The overall goal of this training program is to increase the
capabilities of participants to apply quantitative tools to optimize
management of spatially-variable fields, taking advantage of new
sources of information, methods for its use, and equipment for
precision farming. Specifically, the program will focus on:
1. Information tools for managing spatial data, including GIS, remote
sensing, yield monitoring data, and GPS. Hands-on experience with a
GPS and GPS-GIS linkage.
2. Analysis software to gain insight into the magnitude of spatial
variability and possible reasons for this variability, including
kriging, correlation, and crop and soil model approaches.
3. Description of CERES and CROPGRO crop simulation models, focusing
on corn, wheat, and soybean crops, and information required for their
applications to spatially-variable fields.
4. Operation of the DSSAT v3.1 software system, including components
linking DSSAT crop models with spatial analysis programs and IDRISI
v2.0 GIS software.
5. Example applications of DSSAT v3.1 to optimize management in
specific field situations.
### PROGRAM CONTENT
This training program will describe concepts of spatial variability
and precision farming. It will describe practical approaches for
characterizing spatial variability and methods for analyzing reasons
for the variability. The program will make extensive use of
"hands-on" practical sessions that demonstrate the concepts, software
for analyzing spatial data, and models for determining management that
optimizes production, taking into account possible effects on the
environment.
The program will make extensive use of the Decision Support System for
Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) v3.1 software package. This
comprehensive package includes the CERES (maize, wheat, rice, sorghum,
barley, and millet) CROPGRO (soybean, peanut, dry bean, and tomato),
SUBSTOR (potato), CROPSIM (cassava), and CANEGRO (Sugarcane) models
for crop growth and yield. These models respond to weather, soil
water holding and root growth characteristics, cultivar, water
management, nitrogen management, and row spacing/plant population.
The program will describe information inputs required by these models,
outputs predicted by the models, and methods to interpret uncertainty
and risk associated with uncertain inputs. DSSAT also includes links
to GIS and remote sensing information, which allows mapping of
spatially variable inputs across a field and mapping of predicted
outputs from the models, such as yield, nitrogen leaching, water use,
etc. The entire DSSAT v3.1 package will be provided to each
participant along with documentation on its use. The program length
will be six working days.
### OUTLINE (PRELIMINARY):
Day 1 INTRODUCTION AND CONCEPTS OF PRECISION FARMING
- Yield maps, GIS, remote sensing tools, and GPS
Day 2 CROP, SOIL, WATER AND N-SIMULATIONS WITH DSSAT V3.1
- DSSAT v3.1 operation and basic data sets
- Examples of Corn, Soybean, and Wheat Crop Simulations
Day 3 CHARACTERIZING OF SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF FIELDS
- Spatial Interpolation of Point Data,
- Relating Remote Sensing Images to Yield Maps,
- GIS Technology for Digital Terrain Map Analysis,
- Spatial Data Bases for Crop Model Analyses
Day 4 ANALYSIS TOOLS
- Seasonal and Spatial analysis in DSSAT v3.1
- Data in DSSAT v3.1 for Applying Crop Models
- GIS-crop model linkage
- Model Evaluation Exercises
Day 5 OPTIMIZING MANAGEMENT FOR SPATIALLY VARIABLE FIELDS
- Obtaining Inputs for Spatially Variable Fields
- Simulating Different Segments of a Spatially-Variable Field
- Economic Analysis
Day 6 CONTINUATION OF OPTIMIZING MANAGEMENT
- Case Studies
- Reporting and Discussion of Results
### QUALIFICATIONS FOR APPLICATION
1. Participants should be university graduates currently engaged in
crop consulting, research on precision farming, providing advice
to farmers on precision farming, or development of information
tools and methods for precision farming.
2. They should have an understanding of crop production systems and
be relatively familiar with terminology in crop production.
3. They should be familiar with personal computers, including DOS
and Windows operating environments, and with the operation of
software packages in these environments. Computer programming
skills are not required.
4. They should be fluent in English.
### TRAINING FACULTY
Dr. James W. Jones, University of Florida,
Dr. Kenneth J. Boote, University of Florida,
Dr. John Schueller, University of Florida,
Dr. Johan Bouma, Wageningen Agricultural University,
Dr. Harry Booltink, Wageningen Agricultural University,
Dr. Gerrit Hoogenboom, University of Georgia,
Dr. Paul Wilkens, International Fertilizer Development Center,
Dr. Philip Thornton, International Livestock Research Center, Kenya
### REGISTRATION
In order to register, you have to provide all information on the
registration form. This form can be obtained by writing to the address
below, or preferably, by printing it from our WWW-site:
http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~workshop/registration_form.htm
Please fill in the form completely and accurately, and mail or fax it then
to:
Mail: Optimizing Management for Precision Farming: A Systems Approach
International Programs/Training Unit
P.O. Box 110329
Gainesville, FL 32611-0329,
United States of America
Fax: +1 (352) 392-7127
Tel: +1 (352) 392-1965
Email: apeters@gnv.ifas.ufl.edu
QUARANTY AND REGISTRATION DEADLINE: To guarantee enrollment, payment
must be made with a purchase order, check or credit card by February
1, 1998. Enrollment is limited to 25 participants. Priorities for
enrollment will be on the basis of date of receipt of payment.
REGISTRATION FEE: The fee for this training workshop is $1,900. It
covers registration for the six-day program, resource material
including DSSAT v3.1 software, and tea/coffee breaks. It does not
cover breakfast, lunch, dinner, or lodging during the program nor air
transportation and health insurance. Each participant is responsible
for these costs. Food and hotel lodging will average about $75/day.
LODGING: Rooms for participants will be reserved in the Rush Lake
Motel. This is a good quality motel which is located close to the
university campus and several restaurants. It is a 15-minute walk to
the university campus or the city bus can be used. Special
arrangements can be made for parking on campus. Please indicate on
your registration form if you would like to have lodging reserved at
the Rush Lake Motel. Payment for lodging is to be made directly to the
motel (advanced payment is not required).
VISA: A visa is required for entry into the United States. Each
Participant must obtain a visitor visa from the Embassy or Consulate
of the United States in his or her country of residence.
PROGRAM CANCELLATION POLICIES: Cancellation of pre-registration must
be made at least 72 hours before the program begins in order to avoid
being billed 25 percent of the registration fee. Substitution of
personnel is recommended in lieu of cancellation. Pre-registrants who
fail to attend or to send a substitute are liable for full
registration fee. To cancel a registration, call (352) 392-7127. In
the event the program is canceled for any reason, the organizers will
not be responsible for any cancellation changes or charges assessed by
airlines or travel agencies.
### MORE INFORMATION
More information on the training program can be found on the following
WWW-site: http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~workshop/
If you specific questions on program information (NOT on registration
and facilities information!!!), your may direct them to:
Dr. James W. Jones
Agricultural & Biological Engineering Dept.
University of Florida
Gainesville, FL 32611-0570
Fax: +1 (352) 392-4092
Email: jwj@agen.ufl.edu
======================================================
Joep. C. Luyten
Agricultural & Biological Engineering Dept.
University of Florida
P.O. Box 110570
Gainesville, FL 36211-0570
Tel: (352) 392-7736
Fax: (352) 392-4092
Email: luyten@agen.ufl.edu
URL: http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~luyten/joep/
======================================================
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End of SOILS-L Digest - 21 Sep 1997 to 24 Sep 1997
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Date: Fri, 26 Sep 1997 00:03:34 -0600
From: Automatic digest processor (LISTSERV@crcvms.unl.edu)
Subject: SOILS-L Digest - 24 Sep 1997 to 25 Sep 1997
There are 4 messages totalling 128 lines in this issue.
Topics of the day:
1. model list (2)
2. model list -Reply (2)
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Date: Thu, 25 Sep 1997 19:22:21 +0200
From: Sandra Novak (novaks@ENSAIA.U-NANCY.FR)
Subject: model list
Hi everybody,
Could someone be so kind to give me the e-mail and the way to subscribe to
a list dealing with models. I'm interested in modelling water and pesticide
flow in soils.
Thank you.
Sandra
******************************************
* Sandra NOVAK *
* Laboratory of Soils and Environnement *
* ENSAIA/INPL *
* BP 172 *
* F-54505 VANDOEUVRE-LES-NANCY Cedex *
* FRANCE *
* ----------------------------------- *
* phone : +03 83595845 *
* e-mail: novaks@ensaia.u-nancy.fr *
******************************************
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Date: Thu, 25 Sep 1997 14:26:48 -0500
From: Pat Coyle (p_coyle@VUL.COM)
Subject: Re: model list
Sandra:
I think that you want the Groundwater List
To subscribe, send a message DIRECTLY to MAJORDOMO at:
majordomo@ias.champlain.edu with "subscribe groundwater" or
"subscribe groundwater-digest" in the body, (no quotes). Posting
address: GROUNDWATER@ias.champlain.edu
Administrative problems: e-mail kenbannister@groundwater.com
Patrick Coyle
Research Chemist
Callaway Chemical Company
______________________________ Reply Separator
_________________________________
Subject: model list
Author: Soils-L Discussion List (SOILS-L@crcvms.unl.edu) at INTERNET
Date: 9/25/97 7:22 PM
Hi everybody,
Could someone be so kind to give me the e-mail and the way to subscribe to
a list dealing with models. I'm interested in modelling water and pesticide
flow in soils.
Thank you.
Sandra
******************************************
* Sandra NOVAK *
* Laboratory of Soils and Environnement *
* ENSAIA/INPL *
* BP 172 *
* F-54505 VANDOEUVRE-LES-NANCY Cedex *
* FRANCE *
* ----------------------------------- *
* phone : +03 83595845 *
* e-mail: novaks@ensaia.u-nancy.fr *
******************************************
------------------------------
Date: Thu, 25 Sep 1997 13:35:18 -0500
From: Paul Reynolds (PREYNOLD@TNRCC.STATE.TX.US)
Subject: model list -Reply
Agmodels is one. Sorry, I don't have an address for them for
subscribing. I do recieve their postings, but don't remember the address
for the subscribing part, but I'm sure that you can do a net search and it
will be adequate to get you to the point you need to go.
Thanks and goodluck.
------------------------------
Date: Thu, 25 Sep 1997 13:55:54 -0500
From: "Robert M. Caldwell" (serc018@UNLVM.UNL.EDU)
Subject: Re: model list -Reply
At 01:35 PM 9/25/97 -0500, you wrote:
)Agmodels is one. Sorry, I don't have an address for them for
)subscribing. I do recieve their postings, but don't remember the address
)for the subscribing part, but I'm sure that you can do a net search and it
)will be adequate to get you to the point you need to go.
To subscribe to the AgModels-L listserv, send a one line message (don't
append a signature file) containing:
sub agmodels-l yourOwnFirstName yourOwnSecondName
to:
listserv@unl.edu
Contact me personally if you have problems.
Sincerely,
Bob Caldwell, Cropping Systems Specialist, Dept. of Agronomy/SEREC/NEREC
University of Nebraska - Lincoln
204 Mussehl Hall, P.O. Box 830714, Lincoln, NE 68583-0714
serc018@unlvm.unl.edu Phone: (402) 472-3674. FAX: (402) 472-3858.
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End of SOILS-L Digest - 24 Sep 1997 to 25 Sep 1997
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Date: Sat, 27 Sep 1997 00:02:29 -0600
From: Automatic digest processor (LISTSERV@crcvms.unl.edu)
Subject: SOILS-L Digest - 25 Sep 1997 to 26 Sep 1997
There are 3 messages totalling 76 lines in this issue.
Topics of the day:
1. Water supply in soil columns
2. thank you
3. model list -Reply -Reply
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Date: Fri, 26 Sep 1997 10:17:18 +0200
From: =?iso-8859-1?Q?Andr=E9_?= Chassot (andre.chassot@IPW.AGRL.ETHZ.CH)
Subject: Water supply in soil columns
Hello everybody,
Does anybody have experience in supplying water separately into two layers
of a single soil column?=20
I would like to have in each column simultaneously two different water
tensions, for the upper and the lower layer, respectively. Each water
tension has to be kept constant at its initial level over the whole period
of growth (ca. 1 month). Water may be supplied to both layers only from the
top of the soil column.
I'm looking forward to get any idea that could help me.
Thank you in advance. Best regards.
Andre Chassot.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------
Andr=E9 Chassot
Institute of Plant Sciences Tel.: **41 1 632 33 23
ETH Zentrum, LFW A8 Fax.: **41 1 632 11 43
CH-8092 Zurich e-mail: andre.chassot@ipw.agrl.ethz.ch
Switzerland
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------
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Date: Fri, 26 Sep 1997 13:46:24 +0200
From: Sandra Novak (novaks@ENSAIA.U-NANCY.FR)
Subject: thank you
Hello,
I just want to thank all the soils-l members who answered to my question
and especially Robert Caldwell.
Sandra
******************************************
* Sandra NOVAK *
* Laboratory of Soils and Environnement *
* ENSAIA/INPL *
* BP 172 *
* F-54505 VANDOEUVRE-LES-NANCY Cedex *
* FRANCE *
* ----------------------------------- *
* phone : +03 83595845 *
* e-mail: novaks@ensaia.u-nancy.fr *
******************************************
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 26 Sep 1997 08:52:03 -0500
From: Paul Reynolds (PREYNOLD@TNRCC.STATE.TX.US)
Subject: Re: model list -Reply -Reply
Thank you for clarifying that. I lost all of my archived mails due to a mail
purging here at the agency and do not have access to this type of
information anymore. I was completely purged from our system for some
silly reason.
Again, thanks for the clarification.
preynold
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End of SOILS-L Digest - 25 Sep 1997 to 26 Sep 1997
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Date: Mon, 29 Sep 1997 00:01:31 -0600
From: Automatic digest processor (LISTSERV@crcvms.unl.edu)
Subject: SOILS-L Digest - 26 Sep 1997 to 28 Sep 1997
There is one message totalling 8 lines in this issue.
Topics of the day:
1. model list -Reply
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Date: Sun, 28 Sep 1997 16:13:39 -0400
From: DRTFRM@AOL.COM
Subject: Re: model list -Reply
delete from list
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End of SOILS-L Digest - 26 Sep 1997 to 28 Sep 1997
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Prepared by Steve Modena, AB4EL
Suggestions and comments to: modena@SunSITE.unc.edu