TRICKLE-L: 199610XX
is the compilation of discussion during Oct 96
via AB4EL Web Digests @ SunSITE
>From root@crcnis1.unl.edu Wed Oct 2 00:31 EDT 1996
Date: Tue, 1 Oct 1996 22:42:14 -0500
Message-Id: <199610020342.AA10915@crcnis1.unl.edu>
Subject: TRICKLE-L digest 606
Contents:
JOB ANNOUNCEMENT: Technical Services Representative (Jerome Pier <jpier@interramp.com>)
Date: Tue, 01 Oct 1996 08:41:37 -0700
From: Jerome Pier <jpier@interramp.com>
Subject: JOB ANNOUNCEMENT: Technical Services Representative
Position Announcement
Technical Service Representative
Netafim Irrigation, a leading manufacturer of drip irrigation equipment
has an outstanding opportunity for a Technical Services Representative
to be based in Fresno, California. In this position, the individual will
provide technical support to Customer Service and field sales personnel
as well as conducting various product research and evaluation functions.
Individual will also play a key role in the production of technical
publications. Associated duties will include product training and
assisting in the development of product line marketing plans.
The ideal candidate will possess:
7 Exceptional problem solving skills
7 Above average communication skills in both verbal and written form
7 Basic skill with MS Windows applications. Experience with CAD is
desirable
7 Above average organizational skills
7 Ability to give presentations in a group setting
7 Strong desire to assist others
7 Background in fluid mechanics or hydraulics. Irrigation experience
desired but not required
Netafim Irrigation is an equal opportunity employer committed to
providing an environment for personal growth and development. We offer
an excellent benefit package and a stimulating team environment.
Interested applicants should submit appropriate information to:
Netafim Irrigation, Inc.
Technical Services Position
4974 E Clinton Way, Suite 125
Fresno, CA 93727
Fax: (209) 453-6803
No phone calls please
End of Digest
>From root@crcnis1.unl.edu Wed Oct 2 23:55 EDT 1996
Date: Wed, 2 Oct 1996 22:42:29 -0500
Message-Id: <199610030342.AA06797@crcnis1.unl.edu>
Subject: TRICKLE-L digest 607
Contents:
Re: JOB ANNOUNCEMENT: Technical Services Representative (Farhad Fassihi <farhad@behzad.ntu.ac.uk>)
Date: Wed, 02 Oct 1996 18:37:27 +0100
From: Farhad Fassihi <farhad@behzad.ntu.ac.uk>
Subject: Re: JOB ANNOUNCEMENT: Technical Services Representative
Jerome Pier wrote:
>
> Position Announcement
> Technical Service Representative
>
>Hi Jerome,
I saw your message.
I am currently a lecturer in Polymer process Engineering.
I am a manufacturing engineer with background in electrical, Mechanical
and polymer processing.
I am interested in the problems faced in Drip Irrigation especially
those encountered during manufacture of the relevant equipment.
I am based at Nottingham-England.
I am looking for something commercio-technical! in industry.
Do I have a chance?
Is your vacancy appropriate for someone like myself?
What sort of a renumeration package is on offer?
End of Digest
>From root@crcnis1.unl.edu Thu Oct 3 23:55 EDT 1996
Date: Thu, 3 Oct 1996 22:43:13 -0500
Message-Id: <199610040343.AA04467@crcnis1.unl.edu>
Subject: TRICKLE-L digest 608
Contents:
RECYCLE PVC ("KEVIN B. BRONSON" <103644.2426@CompuServe.COM>)
Re: RECYCLE PVC (Farhad Fassihi <farhad@behzad.ntu.ac.uk>)
unscribe (ccarter@gumbo.bae.lsu.edu (Cade Carter))
unsubscribe (jeetu@hsmpk12a-55.eng.sun.com (Jeetendra Jangle))
Re: RECYCLE PVC (flatman@ix.netcom.com (Rick Peeren))
unsubsribe (Doug Burch <"doug@clandjop.com"@clandjop.com>)
Date: 03 Oct 96 00:02:51 EDT
From: "KEVIN B. BRONSON" <103644.2426@CompuServe.COM>
Subject: RECYCLE PVC
Trickle L Members:
Does anyone know of a way to recycle used PVC pipe that has been pulled from the
ground after an old sprinkler system has been abandoned? Is anyone recycling
drip tape or drip hose? I have customers interested in reducing waste.
Kevin Bronson
Weimer Irrigation & Supply, Inc.
6061N Winton Way
Winton, CA 95388
Voice (209)358-1443
Fax (209)358-1444
Date: Thu, 03 Oct 1996 13:32:20 +0100
From: Farhad Fassihi <farhad@behzad.ntu.ac.uk>
Subject: Re: RECYCLE PVC
KEVIN B. BRONSON wrote:
>
> Trickle L Members:
>
> Does anyone know of a way to recycle used PVC pipe that has been pulled from the
> ground after an old sprinkler system has been abandoned? Is anyone recycling
> drip tape or drip hose? I have customers interested in reducing waste.
>
>
This is an interesting question. There are a lot of people who are
trying to make us believe that recycling is the only thing we could do
with used plastics. Unfortunately most of these people are either
politicians or social scientists!
In order to recycle a material you need to know what is the end product
and assess the suitability of the recycled material for your
application. Let's assume you have done this already. Next, you need to
collect them. That means usually send the tractors or workers on the
ground to get them from the field. Use diesel fuel to transport them to
the appropriate location. Spend energy(heat), water,
chemicals(detergents) to clean it. Then if you are lucky and have dryers
and shreders/granulators at the same site, get them through all these
stages, before you can use them.
As you can see, you are using a lot of energy (dare I say harming the
environment!) to produce something that is low quality.
The best possible use of such material is burning it to reclaim the
thermal energy.
Failing that and when it is a requirement to recycle these materials,
certain things need to be considered.
How far a field do you need to travel to collect your scraps?
How much energy do you spend to separate scrap PVC from other
contaminating substances.
What range of material do you have to recycle, i.e. do you collect PE,
PP and other materials when you are collecting the tubing as part of it
How much in demand would your recycled material be at the end of your
process.
I am sure enough people in your neck of the woods will be to give you
some help and advice.
I hope this have been of some use.
Farhad.
Date: Thu, 3 Oct 96 12:34:32 CDT
From: ccarter@gumbo.bae.lsu.edu (Cade Carter)
Subject: unscribe
unsubscribe ccarter@gumbo.bae.lsu.edu
Date: Thu, 3 Oct 1996 11:10:08 -0700
From: jeetu@hsmpk12a-55.eng.sun.com (Jeetendra Jangle)
Subject: unsubscribe
unsubscribe jeetu@eng.sun.com
Date: Thu, 3 Oct 1996 16:13:05 -0700
From: flatman@ix.netcom.com (Rick Peeren)
Subject: Re: RECYCLE PVC
You wrote:
>
>Trickle L Members:
>
>Does anyone know of a way to recycle used PVC pipe that has been
pulled from the
>ground after an old sprinkler system has been abandoned? Is anyone
recycling
>drip tape or drip hose? I have customers interested in reducing waste.
>
>Kevin Bronson
>Weimer Irrigation & Supply, Inc.
>6061N Winton Way
>Winton, CA 95388
>Voice (209)358-1443
>Fax (209)358-1444
>
>Kevin
I heard that Bairos Recycling in Fresno might be recycling drip tape
and tubing, but I am very unsure of PVC. Their number is 209-233-0922.
Hope this helps.
Rick Peeren
IrriChem Sales
Date: Thu, 03 Oct 1996 22:23:57 -0700
From: Doug Burch <"doug@clandjop.com"@clandjop.com>
Subject: unsubsribe
unsubscribe doug@clandjop.com
End of Digest
>From root@crcnis1.unl.edu Sat Oct 5 00:00 EDT 1996
Date: Fri, 4 Oct 1996 22:43:45 -0500
Message-Id: <199610050343.AA27303@crcnis1.unl.edu>
Subject: TRICKLE-L digest 609
Contents:
Job Posting (Ingvard Find <76421.145@CompuServe.COM>)
Date: 04 Oct 96 00:29:02 EDT
From: Ingvard Find <76421.145@CompuServe.COM>
Subject: Job Posting
JOB OPENING
POSITION: Irrigation Technical Marketing Specialist (International Ag
Division)
DIVISION: Rain Bird International, Inc.
REPORTS TO: Ingvard Find, International Ag Brand Manager
JOB DESCRIPTION:
The Technical Marketing Specialist is responsible for assisting the
International Brand Manager with technical product information, technical
problem issues, and new product introduction. In addition, the person will
organize promotional programs and coordinate NPD, market research and customer
service on technical issues related to irrigation in global agricultural
markets.
JOB RESPONSIBILITIES:
. Technical support for inside and outside sales staff and customers.
-Provide technical support to field service, sales, marketing engineering
and manufacturing.
-Provide the market with technical product information and product
updates.
. Assist with strategic planning as related to direction and marketing plans.
. Product presentation to sales force and customers.
. Assist the SBU with development and management of product support materials.
. Development of technical sales material and programs for the sales staff.
MINIMUM QUALIFICATION:
An undergraduate degree in engineering or agronomy with 2-5 years of technical
sales, marketing or other business experience. A service minded person with
ability to emphasize product quality. Strong verbal and written skills required.
Skilled and familiar with MS Office, Pagemaker and other PC software.
Willingness to travel as business develops. Ability to interface with people of
various backgrounds and nationalities. Must be self-motivated and willing to
take responsibility for projects and problem solving.
DESIRABLE QUALIFICATIONS:
Proficient in a foreign language (Spanish, French Mandarin or Japanese).
International business or overseas living and working experience highly
desirable. Previous irrigation experience in agriculture or related fields an
advantage. Also a strong desire to advance into Product Management / Marketing
Management. An advanced degree in business management or engineering preferred.
OTHER INFORMATION:
Submit resumes and applications to:
Ingvard Find, Rain Bird International, Inc.
Fax 818 963 4287, ASAP No phone calls please.
End of Digest
>From root@crcnis1.unl.edu Sat Oct 5 23:58 EDT 1996
Date: Sat, 5 Oct 1996 22:44:27 -0500
Message-Id: <199610060344.AA06810@crcnis1.unl.edu>
Subject: TRICKLE-L digest 610
Contents:
GROUNDWATER Listserv (kenbannister@groundwater.com (Kenneth E. Bannister))
UNSUBSCRIBE Robert E. Chapman, Jr. ("Robert E. Chapman, Jr." <rchapman@bev.net>)
Date: Sat, 5 Oct 1996 16:49:21 -0400 (EDT)
From: kenbannister@groundwater.com (Kenneth E. Bannister)
Subject: GROUNDWATER Listserv
GROUNDWATER - An Internet Forum
Please join our global discussion group on groundwater and related topics.
It's FREE!
There are over 2500 members worldwide, from over 50 different countries.
GROUNDWATER is one of the world's largest and busiest environmental listservs.
If you have a groundwater question, or announcement, this is the place to
post it.
................................................................
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In the body of the e-mail type the command:
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...........................................................
Some of the recent topics discussed on GROUNDWATER include:
Average Hydraulic Conductivity
visualisation
Hydrocarbon pollution problem
Risk Assessment Symposium
International Conference !
Global Perspective on Groundwater - Summary
BACTERIA AND ALUMINIUM MOBILITY
NALMS 1996 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM
groundwater modeling books
Stability Index
SF6
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Conference Announcement
Information requested Groundwater Resources in Rodonia, Brazil
Leakage detection methodology
Market Pricing of Groundwater
New Water/Wastewater Resource
FE reduction in atmospheric conditions
Internet address-Modflow
Re: Porous Media Reynolds Number
Re: GW Reynolds' number
siltation
Risk-Based Corrective Action Analysis
Theory Questions on Groundwater
Re:retardation factor for Na
Re: MODFLOW documentation
Clean Water = Primary Healthcare
On-Line Environmental Tradeshow
Pollute for a fee?
RE: Looking for Hydrogeologist lists
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Zone of influence drawdown value
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For more information visit the groundwater.com Web Site.
We hope you will join our lively discussion on this interesting topic.
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Kenneth E. Bannister
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Owner - GROUNDWATER Mailing List
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http://www.groundwater.com kenbannister@groundwater.com
Indago Felix
--------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------
Kenneth E. Bannister
President - Bannister Research & Consulting
Owner - GROUNDWATER Mailing List
Charter Member - Digital Dowsers
http://www.groundwater.com kenbannister@groundwater.com
Indago Felix
--------------------------------------------------------------
Date: Sun, 06 Oct 1996 10:43:21 +0600
From: "Robert E. Chapman, Jr." <rchapman@bev.net>
Subject: UNSUBSCRIBE Robert E. Chapman, Jr.
End of Digest
>From root@crcnis1.unl.edu Sun Oct 6 23:57 EDT 1996
Date: Sun, 6 Oct 1996 22:45:03 -0500
Message-Id: <199610070345.AA19125@crcnis1.unl.edu>
Subject: TRICKLE-L digest 611
Contents:
screen filters (robert bertollo <rbert@webfront.net.au>)
July and August archives are in (rmead@cybergate.com (Richard Mead))
Date: Sun, 6 Oct 1996 20:43:53 +1000
From: robert bertollo <rbert@webfront.net.au>
Subject: screen filters
Dear Subscribers,
given that the water source is pure(clean)
would someone like to comment on how the degree of filtration effects the
head loss through a screen filter? how does this effect the flow rate? how
do you determine an acceptable headloss through a screen filter?
your thoughts on this would be very appreciated.
Thanks
Robert Bertollo
Yenda
AUSTRALIA
Date: Mon, 7 Oct 1996 00:10:30 GMT
From: rmead@cybergate.com (Richard Mead)
Subject: July and August archives are in
The "Readers Digest" version of Trickle-L for the July and August archives
have been collected and placed on the Microirrigation Forum web site
(http://www.cybergate.com/~rmead).
Topics include:
1) Water Softener to reduce applied Ammonia
2) Ionization of water and vigor in grape vines
3) Drip questions for Kenya
4) Water savings through SDI ?
5) Using tensiometers and SDI in Hops
6) Emitter up or down?
If you are new to Trickle-L or like viewing reruns, be sure to check out
http://www.cybergate.com/~rmead/best.html
Richard Mead
Trickle-L and MF owner/manager
End of Digest
>From root@crcnis1.unl.edu Mon Oct 7 23:58 EDT 1996
Date: Mon, 7 Oct 1996 22:45:27 -0500
Message-Id: <199610080345.AA12504@crcnis1.unl.edu>
Subject: TRICKLE-L digest 612
Contents:
New set up (apnesbitt@juno.com (Andrew P Nesbitt))
Veggies on Dip in Western NY ("Craig A. Storlie" <storlie@AESOP.RUTGERS.EDU>)
UNSUBSCRIBE TRICKLE-L (jeetu@hsmpk12a-55.eng.sun.com (Jeetendra Jangle))
Re: screen filters (cburt@oboe.aix.calpoly.edu (Charles M. Burt))
Unsubscribe (Alan <apf3@ix.netcom.com>)
Date: Mon, 07 Oct 1996 07:46:55 EDT
From: apnesbitt@juno.com (Andrew P Nesbitt)
Subject: New set up
I am planning on implementing a trickle irrigation system. I would like
to put approx. 10 acres under dri in 1997. We plan on using the
following system:
~ Raised bed system
6" beds with a 24 - 30" top
~ Twin rows
~ Drip tape down the center of beds
~ Crops grown
Tomatoes
Cucumbers
Statice - (dried flower)
~ Small flowing stream is my water source
In the summer the stream reaches 75 degrees
Western NY location
Questions
Is this a viable use for drip irrigation?
What is the cost per acre to set up?
What is the recommended pump size?
Would a watering of 2X per week be as much less effective tha daily as I
have seen recommended?
Andrew Nesbitt
APNEsbitt@Juno.com
Date: Mon, 07 Oct 1996 11:08:13 -0400
From: "Craig A. Storlie" <storlie@AESOP.RUTGERS.EDU>
Subject: Veggies on Dip in Western NY
------ =_NextPart_000_01BBB440.24A01C40
Andrew:
I'll give quick answers here - be happy to talk on the phone if you =
want more specifics (609-455-3100).
Drip?: Yes, tomatoes do great in the northeast on mulched, raised beds =
(in NJ, early cucumbers are usually grown on clear mulch, second =
planting on black mulch, both on a flat bed). Yields are easily =
doubled, and the factor can go much higher. In our humid region, the =
principle benefit of mulch and raised beds is disease control and fruit =
rot reduction. Weed control and spring soil warming also play a big =
role. A simple drip fertilization program also will boosts yields =
substantially.
Irrigation Scheduling: I assume you are in a medium-textured soil (a =
loam or a silt loam) in western NY, but I know there also are pockets of =
both heavier and lighter soils in the region. Soil texture, OM content, =
and CEC are important in determining fertigation needs and irrigation =
scheduling. Got your fall soil test handy?=20
When your crops reach "full canopy" you will need to irrigate the =
equivalent of 2-3 hours per day in July and August if rain is =
insufficient and you are using a "high flow" (about 0.5 gpm/100 ft) =
tape. However, there is no need to irrigate daily. Your soil probably =
can hold "several days" worth of water in the top 18 inches. That is, =
you probably only need to irrigate every 3rd, or 4th, or 5th day. Daily =
irrigation recommendations from other location in the U.S. do not =
necessarily apply in our region. In Florida, for example, many growers =
irrigate daily and in some cases more than once daily because THEY MUST. =
This is because they are growing in very coarse textured sands which =
will not hold "one day's worth" of water in the plant root zone. Soil =
mosture sensing devices (tensiometers and/or Watermark sensors) work =
excellent in our humid region to help with scheduling. I highly =
recommend spending a couple hundred dollars and getting a bunch.
Cost?: Depending on the piping system and other components already on =
hand, the type of drip system I envision you using will cost between =
$500-1000 per acre (5' x 1.25-mil mulch runs around $200/ac and 8-mil =
drip about $150/acre for 5-6 ft row spacing). Surface water will =
probably require that you use sand-media primary filtration.
Pump Size: With a stream as a source, you will likely invest in a =
trailer mounted diesel turning a centrifugal pump. This is a very =
common setup in NJ for surface water source drip irrigation. =
Recommending a pump size is impossible w/o more info. If you were never =
going to expand, pump size would be based on zone size (and thus, =
required zone flow rate) and hydrualic considerations. A 0.5 gpm/100 ft =
tape on 5-ft spaced beds will require about 44 gpm/acre. Commit to =
buying tape and supplies from a reputable dealer and let them help you =
with the desgn. If they balk, find another dealer.
Enough for now - I still have peppers to pick! One last thing, =
Andrew. Are you putting those tomatoes on stakes? Do it and watch your =
size and quality double again. But maybe you should save that one for =
1998. Good luck.
Craig Storlie
Extension Specialist in Agricultural Engineering
Rutgers University
----------
From: Andrew P Nesbitt[SMTP:apnesbitt@juno.com]
Sent: Monday, October 07, 1996 7:37 AM
To: Multiple recipients of list
Subject: New set up
I am planning on implementing a trickle irrigation system. I would like
to put approx. 10 acres under dri in 1997. We plan on using the
following system:
7
~ Raised bed system
6" beds with a 24 - 30" top
~ Twin rows
~ Drip tape down the center of beds
~ Crops grown
Tomatoes
Cucumbers
Statice - (dried flower)
~ Small flowing stream is my water source
In the summer the stream reaches 75 degrees
Western NY location=20
Questions
Is this a viable use for drip irrigation?
What is the cost per acre to set up?
What is the recommended pump size?
Would a watering of 2X per week be as much less effective tha daily as I
have seen recommended?
Andrew Nesbitt
APNEsbitt@Juno.com
------ =_NextPart_000_01BBB440.24A01C40
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------ =_NextPart_000_01BBB440.24A01C40--
Date: Mon, 7 Oct 1996 09:01:20 -0700
From: jeetu@hsmpk12a-55.eng.sun.com (Jeetendra Jangle)
Subject: UNSUBSCRIBE TRICKLE-L
UNSUBSCRIBE jeetendra.jangle@Eng
Date: Mon, 7 Oct 1996 12:46:56 -0700
From: cburt@oboe.aix.calpoly.edu (Charles M. Burt)
Subject: Re: screen filters
>Dear Subscribers,
>given that the water source is pure(clean)
>would someone like to comment on how the degree of filtration effects the
>head loss through a screen filter? how does this effect the flow rate? how
>do you determine an acceptable headloss through a screen filter?
>
>your thoughts on this would be very appreciated.
>
>Thanks
>
>Robert Bertollo
>Yenda
>AUSTRALIA
A clean screen filter should probably not have more than about 1-2 psi loss
across it. That means that a fine mesh screen may need to be larger (sq.
meters of filtration area) than a coarse mesh screen. Of course, the
problem occurs when it gets dirty - that's what the pump needs to be sized
for. The good manufacturers can provide graphs of flow rate vs. pressure
drop, for various meshes and models of screens (when clean).
There are a lot of different ideas about screen losses. I think most of us
veterans think that screens should only be used in situations in which they
won't get dirty - that is, they are typically very difficult to clean out,
and should only be used for backup devices or in EXTREMELY clean
conditions. Exceptions do exist such as the Thompson screen design which
is exclusively for sand and is oversized.
Charles M. Burt, P.E., Ph.D.
Professor and Director
Irrigation Training and Research Center (ITRC)
BioResource and Agricultural Engineering Dept.
California Polytechnic State University (Cal Poly)
San Luis Obispo, CA 93407
ph: 805-756-2379
FAX: 805-756-2433
e-mail: cburt@oboe.calpoly.edu
Date: Mon, 7 Oct 1996 14:28:08 -0700
From: Alan <apf3@ix.netcom.com>
Subject: Unsubscribe
unsubscribe apf3@ix.netcom.com
Alan Fisher
Bay City Flower Co.
(415) 712-5857
E-Mail: APF3@ix.netcom.com
End of Digest
>From root@crcnis1.unl.edu Tue Oct 8 23:59 EDT 1996
Date: Tue, 8 Oct 1996 22:45:58 -0500
Message-Id: <199610090345.AA09745@crcnis1.unl.edu>
Subject: TRICKLE-L digest 613
Contents:
Re: screen filters (Steve Jordan <sjordan@seldon.terminus.com>)
drip management (henri@ilink.nis.za)
Re: screen filters (Wally Menke <wallym@ozemail.com.au>)
Unsubscribe (Dan Scaliter <dan_scaliter@eee.org>)
Re: drip management (Jed Waddell <wadde002@maroon.tc.umn.edu>)
Re: drip management (Irrometer@aol.com)
Re: screen filters (ges@owt.com (Marty Grogan))
Re: screen filter headache (robert bertollo <rbert@webfront.net.au>)
RE: drip management ("Craig A. Storlie" <storlie@AESOP.RUTGERS.EDU>)
unsubscrbe (Doug Burch <"doug@clandjop.com"@clandjop.com>)
unsubscribe (94043415@zaphod.riv.csu.edu.au)
Date: Mon, 07 Oct 1996 13:39:00 -0700
From: Steve Jordan <sjordan@seldon.terminus.com>
Subject: Re: screen filters
>>given that the water source is pure(clean)
>>would someone like to comment on how the degree of filtration effects the
>>head loss through a screen filter? how does this effect the flow rate? how
>>do you determine an acceptable headloss through a screen filter?
>A clean screen filter should probably not have more than about 1-2 psi loss
>across it. That means that a fine mesh screen may need to be larger (sq.
>meters of filtration area) than a coarse mesh screen. Of course, the
>problem occurs when it gets dirty - that's what the pump needs to be sized
>for. The good manufacturers can provide graphs of flow rate vs. pressure
>drop, for various meshes and models of screens (when clean).
>
>There are a lot of different ideas about screen losses. I think most of us
>veterans think that screens should only be used in situations in which they
>won't get dirty - that is, they are typically very difficult to clean out,
>and should only be used for backup devices or in EXTREMELY clean
>conditions. Exceptions do exist such as the Thompson screen design which
>is exclusively for sand and is oversized.
>
>
Several growers are using the Amiad screen filter. It has a way to
automatically clean or easily manually clean. It is more compact than the
sand media. I never really considered them because they were priced the
same as sand media and (amateur opinion coming) inferior.
Inferior? I have been told that the sand medias have several faults, but
supply the greatest filter area and do the best on organics.
In the automated system, there are screens sold as backup to catastrophic
media failure. I have considered that (and pressure sustaining), but have
not added them to our installations.
Steve Jordan- Artichoke Evangelist, Wetland manager
Date: Tue, 8 Oct 1996 10:57:26 GMT
From: henri@ilink.nis.za
Subject: drip management
Hi All,
Has anyone Practical experience (successful or otherwise) of, or ideas on,
the best Economical means of Managing and Monitorinng the daily
two-dimensional flux of water under drippers in a sandy (orchard) soil?
Aim : Water saving through optimum uptake and minimum losses.
Date: Tue, 8 Oct 1996 21:52:20 +1000 (EST)
From: Wally Menke <wallym@ozemail.com.au>
Subject: Re: screen filters
At 05:37 AM 6/10/96 -0500, you wrote:
>Dear Subscribers,
>given that the water source is pure(clean)
>would someone like to comment on how the degree of filtration effects the
>head loss through a screen filter? how does this effect the flow rate? how
>do you determine an acceptable headloss through a screen filter?
>your thoughts on this would be very appreciated.
>
>Thanks
>
>Robert Bertollo
>Yenda
>AUSTRALIA
Dear Robert
Your above question has a simple answer. Generally the degree of filtration
of a screen filter has a small effect on the head loss across a CLEAN screen
filter. If you look at various mesh manufacturers literature (and this may
vary) you will find that from 40 - 200 mesh (400-80 micron) the actual open
surface area of the mesh varies very little from say 31-34 % depending on
the weave configuration. What happens is that as the aperture size decreases
so does the wire size used to make the mesh. As you have more apertures with
a finer mesh then the resistance will increase a bit. Generally the most
head loss through a filter is caused by the changes in direction that the
water goes through in the filter body itself, and not the actual clean screen.
What does vary naturally is the amount of dirt you'll collect on the screen,
and this will depend on the water source. For example, I have had experience
from Murray River water where at 200 mesh (80 micron) an automatic FILTOMAT
filter will be flushing every 3 minutes, the same filter after changing the
screen to 150 mesh (100 micron) flushes every 30 minutes!.
So it depends a lot on what your application is, if its for drip (150 mesh)
go for a filter with a larger screen surface area than you would if you were
using undertree sprinklers (80 mesh) as the level of filtration will be
finer and the cleaning of the filter more frequent. BEWARE though when
comparing different manufactureres of filters as (unfortunately) there is no
set standard for measuring the area on a screen filter. Some manufacturers
use the term
"Filter Area", which is actually the area of the total screen cylinder
including all the support structure and sealing rings, and has no real
relavence to the filter performance. In our case we use the term "Screen
Area", which is the actual effective mesh area available on the screen for
filtration.
The acceptable design head loss for a screen filter with a clean screen that
I work to with our FILTOMAT range of filters is 3 psi or 20 kPa. Head loss
charts are available from us for our filters, in our case they are
conservative, other manufacturers no doubt have their own. If your talking
automatic filters the head loss before backwashing will be an extra 5-6 psi
(adjustable) on top of this. I have customers that exceed this but the
higher the head loss the greater the energy/power loss, short term gain =
long term pain $.
Note that we have many of our filters in your area working for many years.
If you need any specific advice or literature contact me direct.
Wally Menke, Triangle Filtration, Melbourne, Australia.
Ph 03 9580 2122, Fax 03 9580 3131
Date: Tue, 08 Oct 1996 07:36:58 +0000
From: Dan Scaliter <dan_scaliter@eee.org>
Subject: Unsubscribe
unsubscribe dan_scaliter@eee.org
Date: Tue, 8 Oct 96 12:45:11 -0500
From: Jed Waddell <wadde002@maroon.tc.umn.edu>
Subject: Re: drip management
At 03:45 AM 10/8/96 -0500, you wrote:
>Hi All,
>Has anyone Practical experience (successful or otherwise) of, or ideas on,
>the best Economical means of Managing and Monitorinng the daily
>two-dimensional flux of water under drippers in a sandy (orchard) soil?
>Aim : Water saving through optimum uptake and minimum losses.
>
For the past two years I have been measuring the matric potential at two
depths (50 and 100 cm) under potato in the central sands of Minnesota.
Because of the hills created in potato production I placed tensiometers
directly under the hill and the furrow positions. With the matric potential
I can find the hydraulic gradient and multiply by the hydraulic conductivity
to get the flux. I determined the hydraulic conductivity from the average
matric potential.
As far as economics, tensiometers are cheap compared to the pressure
transducers and a data logger. Pressure transducers range in price but I
used Soil Moisture's version which cost about $250 for one. In my opinion
these are the best transducers because one calibration can be used for
years. Other cheaper transducers require annual or monthly calibrations.
My collegue used TDR to measure water distribution in a fine grid under the
potato hill. This method has high initial cost but is relatively cost free
after purchased.
We also used neutron probe tubes placed in the hill. These have a sphere of
influence about 20 cm or so. Once tubes are in place you can read them as
often as you want but is not practical for hourly measurements. We used
them for weekly measurements. Because of the radiation saftey procedures,
neutron probes are a hassle but you could probably find one fairly cheap.
Ours are old and have been around for years I don't know how much they cost.
Hope this information helps,
Jed
****************************************************
* Jed T. Waddell *
* Graduate Research Assistant *
* University of Minnesota *
* Department of Soil, Water, and Climate *
* St. Paul, MN 55108 *
* office (612) 625-1968 *
* fax (612) 625-2208 *
****************************************************
Date: Tue, 8 Oct 1996 14:28:07 -0400
From: Irrometer@aol.com
Subject: Re: drip management
In a message dated 96-10-08 05:05:02 EDT, you write:
>Hi All,
>Has anyone Practical experience (successful or otherwise) of, or ideas on,
>the best Economical means of Managing and Monitorinng the daily
>two-dimensional flux of water under drippers in a sandy (orchard) soil?
>Aim : Water saving through optimum uptake and minimum losses.
>
>
Try monitoring the soil moisture status with tensiometers appropriately
placed in the active root system and the area typically encompassed by
the suggested wetted "onion" for the specific crop root system.
Regards, Bill Pogue
Date: Tue, 8 Oct 1996 11:45:40 -0700
From: ges@owt.com (Marty Grogan)
Subject: Re: screen filters
>Dear Subscribers,
>given that the water source is pure(clean)
>would someone like to comment on how the degree of filtration effects the
>head loss through a screen filter? how does this effect the flow rate? how
>do you determine an acceptable headloss through a screen filter?
>
>your thoughts on this would be very appreciated.
>
>Thanks
>
>Robert Bertollo
>Yenda
>AUSTRALIA
>
>
Head loss can be approximated for slow flow rates using the specifications
provided by filter manufacturers. One form of calculation would be:
delP = Cv * Q delP - Head loss, Cv - filter coef., Q - flow rate
The units must be consistent to obtain useful results.
The amount of loss acceptable depends on overall system requirements--1% is
probably OK. 10% would be much too much. Other factors, i.e., the mechanical
construction of the filter and blockage ratios, also become important. More
loss
means bigger pumps and pipes, e.g., more expensive, to deliver the same
amount of water.
Date: Wed, 9 Oct 1996 06:23:28 +1000
From: robert bertollo <rbert@webfront.net.au>
Subject: Re: screen filter headache
At 11:55 PM 10/7/96 -0500, you wrote:
>>>given that the water source is pure(clean)
>>>would someone like to comment on how the degree of filtration effects the
>>>head loss through a screen filter? how does this effect the flow rate? how
>>>do you determine an acceptable headloss through a screen filter?
>
>>A clean screen filter should probably not have more than about 1-2 psi loss
>>across it. That means that a fine mesh screen may need to be larger (sq.
>>meters of filtration area) than a coarse mesh screen. Of course, the
>>problem occurs when it gets dirty - that's what the pump needs to be sized
>>for. The good manufacturers can provide graphs of flow rate vs. pressure
>>drop, for various meshes and models of screens (when clean).
>>
>>There are a lot of different ideas about screen losses. I think most of us
>>veterans think that screens should only be used in situations in which they
>>won't get dirty - that is, they are typically very difficult to clean out,
>>and should only be used for backup devices or in EXTREMELY clean
>>conditions. Exceptions do exist such as the Thompson screen design which
>>is exclusively for sand and is oversized.
>>
>>
>
>Several growers are using the Amiad screen filter. It has a way to
>automatically clean or easily manually clean. It is more compact than the
>sand media. I never really considered them because they were priced the
>same as sand media and (amateur opinion coming) inferior.
>
>Inferior? I have been told that the sand medias have several faults, but
>supply the greatest filter area and do the best on organics.
>
>In the automated system, there are screens sold as backup to catastrophic
>media failure. I have considered that (and pressure sustaining), but have
>not added them to our installations.
>Steve Jordan- Artichoke Evangelist, Wetland manager
>
>
>
Thanyou Charles,Steve & Wally for your thoughts on screen filters
What type of back up filter should be used when the main filter is a screen
filter (Automatic cleanning Amiad etc) , Would a different type of back up
filter be suggetsted? Do you think it is bad practice to have both main and
backup as screen filters? I have a 100micron (155 mesh) screen in the main
filter(self cleanning) but I am not sure what degree of filtration would be
suitable as backup(manual cleanning)?
Given clean water.My main screen filter has 6.5-7 psi head loss through the
filter when demanding 340cuM/hr (1530 USgpm), my screen size is 6000sq.cm
(930sq.in). But when I halve the flow rate the head loss is only 2 psi.
by doubling my screen size would it halve my head loss.I have always had
concerns with this high head loss , the filter appears undersized for the
higher flow rate, is this correct? Wally , I checked the spec's and the
Manufacturer does say "filter area"?!
Thankyou
Robert Bertollo
YENDA
Australia
Date: Tue, 08 Oct 1996 10:25:43 -0400
From: "Craig A. Storlie" <storlie@AESOP.RUTGERS.EDU>
Subject: RE: drip management
------ =_NextPart_000_01BBB53A.23933080
"henri":
Are you managing water or doing research (or both)? I buried =
Watermarks in a 2-D plane under a tape in a sandy loam and recorded =
"fluxes" with a Cambell datalogger - worked quite well. I wrote an ASAE =
paper if you are interested.
Craig Storlie
Extension Specialist in Agricultural Engineering
Rutgers University
----------
From: henri@ilink.nis.za[SMTP:henri@ilink.nis.za]
Sent: Tuesday, October 08, 1996 4:50 AM
To: Multiple recipients of list
Subject: drip management
Hi All,
Has anyone Practical experience (successful or otherwise) of, or ideas =
on,
the best Economical means of Managing and Monitorinng the daily
two-dimensional flux of water under drippers in a sandy (orchard) soil?
Aim : Water saving through optimum uptake and minimum losses.
------ =_NextPart_000_01BBB53A.23933080
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------ =_NextPart_000_01BBB53A.23933080--
Date: Tue, 08 Oct 1996 20:43:50 -0700
From: Doug Burch <"doug@clandjop.com"@clandjop.com>
Subject: unsubscrbe
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Date: Wed, 9 Oct 1996 11:24:46 GMT-1000
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End of Digest
>From root@crcnis1.unl.edu Thu Oct 10 00:02 EDT 1996
Date: Wed, 9 Oct 1996 22:47:01 -0500
Message-Id: <199610100347.AA06092@crcnis1.unl.edu>
Subject: TRICKLE-L digest 614
Contents:
Re: screen filter headache (Donbened@aol.com)
Media vs. screen??? ("Craig A. Storlie" <storlie@AESOP.RUTGERS.EDU>)
(tww1@cornell.edu (Thomas W. Walters))
drip management replies (henri@ilink.nis.za)
Screen filters (cburt@oboe.aix.calpoly.edu (Charles M. Burt))
Asparagus (Robert Carian <grapegrower@earthlink.net>)
Re: unsubscribe (biotech@rain.org)
Managing and Monitoring Flux of Water (Irrometer@aol.com)
Re: Asparagus (Jerome Pier <jpier@mindspring.com>)
Re: Asparagus (GroAire@aol.com)
Re: screen filter headache (Wally Menke <wallym@ozemail.com.au>)
Unsubscribe (94043415@zaphod.riv.csu.edu.au)
Date: Wed, 9 Oct 1996 02:18:52 -0400
From: Donbened@aol.com
Subject: Re: screen filter headache
Dear Robert,
Given that you have indicated 930 sq. in. of filter area, I assume that you
are using the Amiad SAF filter.
In my experience in filtering canal and reservoir water with the SAF, the
maximum flow that you should work with on a 130 micron screen is about 900
gpm. I derive this number from the various applications that we have
specified in central California using district canal water. You are correct
in concluding that the SAF is undersized for 1500 gpm.
I recommend using the EBS filter with a filter area of 1550 sq. in. We can
accomodate canal water with flows of up to 1900 gpm. using this filter.
You can obtain head loss information and other specifications from Amiad
Australia.
If you would like some references as to the efficacy of the Amiad line of
automatic filters, I would be happy to send you a list on personal E-mail.
In response, to the generalization that screen filters should be used only
for EXTREMELY clean water -- I can only say that Amiad would not be in
business if we were not able to offer primary filtration for ALL levels of
water quality.
Don Benedict
Amiad U.S.A.
Date: Wed, 09 Oct 1996 11:26:19 -0400
From: "Craig A. Storlie" <storlie@AESOP.RUTGERS.EDU>
Subject: Media vs. screen???
------ =_NextPart_000_01BBB5D4.B43E5A20
All:
I don't recall our group holding a discussion along this line before so =
I will pose a question: Can the self cleaning screen filters (SCSF) =
function under conditions of high organic matter (algae, aquatic "weeds" =
and animals) as well as media filters? =20
My limited experience with SCSF's suggests that they may fail under =
adverse conditions, especially if hit with a slug of OM which can occur, =
for example, upon system start. However, my experience with SCSF's is =
VERY LIMITED. One-half of the water used for drip in NJ is surface =
water. Many stagnent ponds become very "challenging" to use as a drip =
source by mid-August. Media filtration is used to clean ~99% of the =
surface waters used for drip in NJ. =20
Please comment on SCSF vs. media in terms of cost, failure potential, =
maintenance, etc.
Thanks All,
Craig Storlie
Extension Specialist in Agricultural Engineering
Rutgers University
------ =_NextPart_000_01BBB5D4.B43E5A20
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------ =_NextPart_000_01BBB5D4.B43E5A20--
Date: Wed, 9 Oct 1996 12:39:14 -0500
From: tww1@cornell.edu (Thomas W. Walters)
Subject:
unsubscribe tww1@cornell.edu
Thomas W. Walters
Cornell University
Department of Fruit and Vegetable Science
157 Plant Science Building
Ithaca, NY 14853-5908
(607)255-2493
tww1@cornell.edu
Date: Wed, 9 Oct 1996 19:40:44 GMT
From: henri@ilink.nis.za
Subject: drip management replies
My very grateful thanks to the following List members who kindly answered my
questions yesterday :
Dave Scott
Jed Waddell
Rick Allen
Craig A Storlie
Robert Phene
Tony Thomson
Jos Balendonck
Bill Pogue
Jack Hillen
The responses from Australia, South Africa the USA and The Netherlands
indicate the usefulness of the List. Thanks Richard! Must now get down to
studying the information received.
Date: Wed, 9 Oct 1996 10:47:47 -0700
From: cburt@oboe.aix.calpoly.edu (Charles M. Burt)
Subject: Screen filters
I noticed the note by Don Benedict of AMIAD, and it's obvious that I need
to clarify my comments about screens.
My comments were directly soley towards typical tubular screens, not
towards the type that AMIAD sells. I don't think of the AMIAD units under
the "screen" category, although they have a screen inside of them. One
look at the mechanism of self-cleaning, and the construction of the screens
themselves within the AMIAD unit, removes them from the standard screen
discussions.
Two big disadvantages of standard screens are eliminated with the AMIAD
design - (1) the small surface area is compensated for by automatic
self-cleaning, so the surface area does not need to hold and store large
amounts of contaminants, and (2) the flushing mechanism is unique,
localized, and effective. Most screens are difficult to clean because they
require some type of throughflush or manual removal.
Charles M. Burt, P.E., Ph.D.
Professor and Director
Irrigation Training and Research Center (ITRC)
BioResource and Agricultural Engineering Dept.
California Polytechnic State University (Cal Poly)
San Luis Obispo, CA 93407
ph: 805-756-2379
FAX: 805-756-2433
e-mail: cburt@oboe.calpoly.edu
Date: Wed, 9 Oct 96 14:11:50 -0000
From: Robert Carian <grapegrower@earthlink.net>
Subject: Asparagus
Does anyone out there have experience with growing asparagus on drip. If
so, what type of lines, emmitters, etc. are you using. I want to grow @8
acres organically in Mex.
thanks
Date: Wed, 9 Oct 1996 14:12:02 -0700 (PDT)
From: biotech@rain.org
Subject: Re: unsubscribe
unsubscribe biotech@rain.org
Date: Wed, 9 Oct 1996 17:31:18 -0400
From: Irrometer@aol.com
Subject: Managing and Monitoring Flux of Water
You may be interested in the use of the Watermark Soil
Moisture Sensor as used in a paper entitled "Placement
of Soil Moisture Sensors in Sprinkler Irrigated Potatoes",
by Tim Stieber and Clinton Shock (American Potato Journal,
1995, pp. 533-543). Shock can be reached via: mesosu@
primenet.com or you can check out the home page of
Oregon State University Malheur Experiment Station under
Granular Matrix Sensors for additional references in both
agriculture and landscape environmnets: http://www.primenet.
com/~mesosu/
Regards, Bill Pogue
Date: Wed, 09 Oct 1996 15:02:53 -0700
From: Jerome Pier <jpier@mindspring.com>
Subject: Re: Asparagus
Robert Carian wrote:
>
> Does anyone out there have experience with growing asparagus on drip. If
> so, what type of lines, emmitters, etc. are you using. I want to grow @8
> acres organically in Mex.
> thanks
Dear Robert,
There are several large growers on the west side of the San Joaquin
Valley in CA who are using Netafim Python 0.13 mil dripperline buried
10-12" on 40" beds. Steve Smith of Turlock Fruit has had very good
sucess with transplanting crowns. You will have to apply regular doses
of N-pHuric or some other acid to prevent root intrusion during the late
fall and winter when your irrigation applications will be infrequent
(assuming the use of acid is kosher with the organic certification
board; I presume that the use of Trifluralin is a no-no!). Asparagus has
an agressive, fibrous root system. If you cannot chemigate to prevent
root intrusion, then you must make sure that you irrigate even during
the off-season to maintain moisture about the emitters. I can find more
information if you are interested.
Date: Wed, 9 Oct 1996 21:03:58 -0400
From: GroAire@aol.com
Subject: Re: Asparagus
I have a client in Nebraska who has had 5 years experience growing asparagus
over buried drip with using the same system for injection of atmospheric air
into the root zone. I design and sell both types of systems. I also have 25
years of experience in designing all phases of irrigation from gated pipe to
center pivot with an emphasis in the last 10 years on buried drip for
injection of water and air. 90% of all my growers are organic growers
because of the benefits of air injection. I'm currently in the design phase
for a 1 million square foot greenhouse for growing organic tomatoes using the
technology for a group of investors from Denver, Colorado. I have plots of
rasberries in Washington, vegetables in Wisconsin, Vegetables in Colorado,
Vegetables in Nebraska, Purple coneflower in North Dakota, and Greenhouses in
Missouri, Nebraska, & Colorado. How may I be of service?
Dave Enyeart
Senior Engineer
GroAire Irrigation Inc
303-650-0472
GroAire@aol.com
Date: Thu, 10 Oct 1996 11:26:40 +1000 (EST)
From: Wally Menke <wallym@ozemail.com.au>
Subject: Re: screen filter headache
>Thanyou Charles,Steve & Wally for your thoughts on screen filters
>What type of back up filter should be used when the main filter is a screen
>filter (Automatic cleanning Amiad etc) , Would a different type of back up
>filter be suggetsted? Do you think it is bad practice to have both main and
>backup as screen filters? I have a 100micron (155 mesh) screen in the main
>filter(self cleanning) but I am not sure what degree of filtration would be
>suitable as backup(manual cleanning)?
>Given clean water.My main screen filter has 6.5-7 psi head loss through the
>filter when demanding 340cuM/hr (1530 USgpm), my screen size is 6000sq.cm
>(930sq.in). But when I halve the flow rate the head loss is only 2 psi.
>by doubling my screen size would it halve my head loss.I have always had
>concerns with this high head loss , the filter appears undersized for the
>higher flow rate, is this correct? Wally , I checked the spec's and the
>Manufacturer does say "filter area"?!
>
>
>Thankyou
>
>Robert Bertollo
>YENDA
>Australia
Dear Robert & Others
It depend on what inlet/outlet you have fitted on this filter, I assume it
would be 8", but for this flow I would suggest 10", and that this head loss
on a clean screen is too high from a design point of view, and will cost you
in power bills. I think possibly a case of a manufacturer being optimistic
about its figures?, as according to Amiad brochure for 8" SAF head loss at
340 m3/hr flow is listed at about 2.2 psi or 15 kPa. The screen or "filter
area" should be adaquate your main loss will be across the body, As a rule
of thumb if the filter is backwashing at 15 minutes + intervals its OK.
In my opinion all drip systems should be fitted with a manually cleaning
back-up filters fitted at ALL field valves, (where the sub-main starts) no
matter what filter you've got at the head of the system. (Its amazing how
many people don't follow this advice for the sake of saving a few $), you
could call it an insurance policy, something you don't need until a disaster
happens - like a burst main line, a failure in the main filters (no matter
what type or brand), or on the seasons first start-up where all sorts of
coagulated material and things that have grown in the lines come out. Media
filters should have back up filters straight after them as well in case of
internal failure, dumps the media into the system.
The mesh size should be 80-120 mesh depending on what drippers you've got,
if your using Plastro stick with 120. The type can be disc or screen again
depending on your personal preference.
Regarding the subject of screen vs media filter performance, there is now a
filter the MCFM Filtomat which can handle just about any bad water, organics
situation. We have units here running on primary settled sewage water with
250 mesh/50 micron filtration level running at 1030 usgpm, and even running
in paper mills on white water. In fact in Israel Kibuttz Naan have 3 of
these units on there own internal irrigation system that runs on treated
effluent. These replaced their previous filtration system that consisted of
14 x 36" media filters. They find then easier to run and maintain.
On Steves comment about pressure sustaining valves.
Virtually any extensive system should be fitted with one after your main
filters. This will control the flow going through your filters more evenly
on start-up. If you take a long time to build up pressure on start up the
velocity of water going through the filters can potentially cause a bit of
grief no matter what filters you've got. The other factors are that the
pumps could be screaming off their curves and cavitating, and water
hammer/surges downstream as the lines fill up with a full on flow.
Cheers
Wally Menke - Triangle Filtration - Melb, Aust.
Date: Thu, 10 Oct 1996 12:16:08 GMT-1000
From: 94043415@zaphod.riv.csu.edu.au
Subject: Unsubscribe
unsubscribe 94043415@zaphod.riv.csu.edu.au
End of Digest
>From root@crcnis1.unl.edu Fri Oct 11 00:04 EDT 1996
Date: Thu, 10 Oct 1996 22:47:09 -0500
Message-Id: <199610110347.AA00155@crcnis1.unl.edu>
Subject: TRICKLE-L digest 615
Contents:
Re: Asparagus(GroAire) ("David S. Ross" <dr27@umail.umd.edu>)
(BRIAN_DOTSON@ati.org (BRIAN DOTSON))
Date: Thu, 10 Oct 1996 08:33:07 -0400 (EDT)
From: "David S. Ross" <dr27@umail.umd.edu>
Subject: Re: Asparagus(GroAire)
GroAire, at the risk of learning something new, I would invite you to give
an overview on what you are doing with air injection - soil conditions,
amount of air, benefits, system requirements, etc. David Ross, Maryland
At 08:01 PM 10/9/96 -0500, GroAire@aol.com wrote:
>I have a client in Nebraska who has had 5 years experience growing asparagus
>over buried drip with using the same system for injection of atmospheric air
>into the root zone. I design and sell both types of systems. I also have 25
>years of experience in designing all phases of irrigation from gated pipe to
>center pivot with an emphasis in the last 10 years on buried drip for
>injection of water and air. 90% of all my growers are organic growers
>because of the benefits of air injection. I'm currently in the design phase
>for a 1 million square foot greenhouse for growing organic tomatoes using the
>technology for a group of investors from Denver, Colorado. I have plots of
>rasberries in Washington, vegetables in Wisconsin, Vegetables in Colorado,
>Vegetables in Nebraska, Purple coneflower in North Dakota, and Greenhouses in
>Missouri, Nebraska, & Colorado. How may I be of service?
>
>Dave Enyeart
>Senior Engineer
>GroAire Irrigation Inc
>303-650-0472
>GroAire@aol.com
>
............................................................................
Dr. David S. Ross 301-405-1188 office
Extension Agricultural Engineer 301-498-2234 home
Dept. of Biological Resources Engineering 301-314-9023 office fax
University of Maryland 301-405-1198 Dept.
College Park, Maryland 20742-5711 dr27@umail.umd.edu
NOTE: new department name 3/28/96
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>..........................................<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
Date: Thu, 10 Oct 1996 08:41:22 -0400
From: BRIAN_DOTSON@ati.org (BRIAN DOTSON)
Subject:
unsubscribe
End of Digest
>From root@crcnis1.unl.edu Sat Oct 12 00:00 EDT 1996
Date: Fri, 11 Oct 1996 22:47:43 -0500
Message-Id: <199610120347.AA23413@crcnis1.unl.edu>
Subject: TRICKLE-L digest 616
Contents:
Re: TRICKLE-L digest 604 (TPiatkowsk@aol.com)
RE: drip management (Stefano Ferraris <ferraris@lewy.dmsa.unipd.it>)
Air injection ("Dirk Keeler" <Dirk@zianet.com>)
(Alan <apf3@ix.netcom.com>)
Re: Air injection(Ross) ("David S. Ross" <dr27@umail.umd.edu>)
A new member from Florida (Richard Mead <rmead@asrr.arsusda.gov>)
Date: Fri, 11 Oct 1996 01:03:00 -0400
From: TPiatkowsk@aol.com
Subject: Re: TRICKLE-L digest 604
To J. D. Oster,
I am sending you the information by mail. I apologize for the delay, I was
out of town and way behind on my e-mail.
Tom
Date: Fri, 11 Oct 1996 09:23:37 +0100 (ITA)
From: Stefano Ferraris <ferraris@lewy.dmsa.unipd.it>
Subject: RE: drip management
i'm very iterested to your paper.
Stefano Ferraris
Dept. of Agricultural, Forest. and Environm. Economy and Engineering
Universita' di Torino
8, c.Raffaello Torino 10126
tel.+39.11.6692789 fax +39.11.658344 Italy:
On Tue, 8 Oct 1996, Craig A. Storlie wrote:
>
> ------ =_NextPart_000_01BBB53A.23933080
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
> Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
>
> "henri":
>
> Are you managing water or doing research (or both)? I buried =
> Watermarks in a 2-D plane under a tape in a sandy loam and recorded =
> "fluxes" with a Cambell datalogger - worked quite well. I wrote an ASAE =
> paper if you are interested.
>
> Craig Storlie
> Extension Specialist in Agricultural Engineering
> Rutgers University
>
> ----------
> From: henri@ilink.nis.za[SMTP:henri@ilink.nis.za]
> Sent: Tuesday, October 08, 1996 4:50 AM
> To: Multiple recipients of list
> Subject: drip management
>
> Hi All,
> Has anyone Practical experience (successful or otherwise) of, or ideas =
> on,
> the best Economical means of Managing and Monitorinng the daily
> two-dimensional flux of water under drippers in a sandy (orchard) soil?
> Aim : Water saving through optimum uptake and minimum losses.
>
>
>
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> ------ =_NextPart_000_01BBB53A.23933080--
>
>
Date: Fri, 11 Oct 1996 08:43:28 -0600
From: "Dirk Keeler" <Dirk@zianet.com>
Subject: Air injection
To: Dr. David S. Ross
I don't know about Dave Enyeart at GroAire@aol.com, but I would be very
interested to know what you have to say about air injection in SDI.
Also Dave Enyeart,
What equipment is involved in injecting the air? "Is there a special
tape?", would be my main question.
Dirk Keeler
New Mexico Irrigation
Chile pepper capital of the World
Date: Fri, 11 Oct 1996 07:49:01 -0700
From: Alan <apf3@ix.netcom.com>
Subject:
UNSUBSCRIBE apf3@ix.netcom.com
Alan Fisher
Bay City Flower Co.
(415) 712-5857
E-Mail: APF3@ix.netcom.com
Date: Fri, 11 Oct 1996 15:08:03 -0400 (EDT)
From: "David S. Ross" <dr27@umail.umd.edu>
Subject: Re: Air injection(Ross)
I am no expert on this topic, but I was curious and figured it might be a
worthy topic of discussion. I knew that there was work being done but I do
not have personal experience in the area. David Ross
At 09:36 AM 10/11/96 -0500, Dirk Keeler wrote:
>To: Dr. David S. Ross
>
>I don't know about Dave Enyeart at GroAire@aol.com, but I would be very
>interested to know what you have to say about air injection in SDI.
>
>Also Dave Enyeart,
>What equipment is involved in injecting the air? "Is there a special
>tape?", would be my main question.
>
>Dirk Keeler
>New Mexico Irrigation
>Chile pepper capital of the World
>
>
............................................................................
Dr. David S. Ross 301-405-1188 office
Extension Agricultural Engineer 301-498-2234 home
Dept. of Biological Resources Engineering 301-314-9023 office fax
University of Maryland 301-405-1198 Dept.
College Park, Maryland 20742-5711 dr27@umail.umd.edu
NOTE: new department name 3/28/96
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>..........................................<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
Date: Fri, 11 Oct 1996 22:54:04 GMT
From: Richard Mead <rmead@asrr.arsusda.gov>
Subject: A new member from Florida
Enclosed is a response to my introductory questions from a new member.
Allow me to introduce, Dr. Larry Parsons from Florida.
R. Mead
Trickle-L owner/manager
-------------------------------------------------------------
>To Trickle-L
> I am Dr. Larry Parsons and am on the faculty of the University of Florida.
>I'm located at the Citrus Research and Education Center in Lake Alfred, FL.
>I do research and extension work on microsprinkler irrigation of citrus. I'm
>particularly interested in microsprinkler and drip irrigation management on
>sandy soils. We have also done a lot of work on microsprinkler irrigation
>for citrus frost protection. We do not use subsurface drip irrigation much
>because cutting citrus roots to install subsurface systems can lead to root
>sprouts. Microspinkler systems are used more commonly on the central Florida
>ridge because they provide better coverage than drip on the sandy soils and
>also provide some frost protection.
> The major problems with trickle irrigation have been plugging of the systems
>due to iron or slime organisms. Fertigation is used and works well with young
>trees. Standard liquid fertilizer, primarily N and K, are most commonly used.
>We have not yet seen a real reduction in fertilizer or water use, but are
>interested in seeing if we can demonstrate possible reductions. Water quality
>problems include salinity (primarily along the coast but some inland sites as
>well) and iron slime plugging problems. Usually chlorine or other chemicals
>are injected to deal with plugging.
> We usually irrigate 2 to 3 times per week if there is no rainfall. We have
>some recent data that suggests that daily irrigation (with rain delays) may
>promote better growth of young citrus trees than longer irrigation periods
>every 2 or 4 days. I have not heard of much rodent damage, but we do have
>other pests in some areas that plug up or chew on irrigation lines. We are
>generally satisfied with the uniformity of our systems. We had an irrigation
>engineer design them, so we assume they are OK. I heard about trickle-l from
>other faculty at the University of Florida.
>
>
End of Digest
>From root@crcnis1.unl.edu Sun Oct 13 00:07 EDT 1996
Date: Sat, 12 Oct 1996 22:55:12 -0500
Message-Id: <199610130355.AA02114@crcnis1.unl.edu>
Subject: TRICKLE-L digest 617
Contents:
Drip Tape (ondeck@pacificrim.net)
Date: Fri, 11 Oct 1996 23:09:32 -0700 (PDT)
From: ondeck@pacificrim.net
Subject: Drip Tape
Just a brief question.. We installed subsurface drip irrigation,(T-Tape made
by T-Systems) about 4 years ago on 17 acres of raspberries. We are expanding
and need to know what other brands are available. Locally we have T-Tape and
Netafim. We are interested in finding out if there has been advance in
designs or new technology. We have had good luck with T-Tape but this is an
opportunity to explore a bit more before we commit. Root intrusion may be a
problem in the future but no problems yet.
Tena Ondeck
Borderland Farms
ondeck@pacificrim.net
End of Digest
>From root@crcnis1.unl.edu Mon Oct 14 00:12 EDT 1996
Date: Sun, 13 Oct 1996 22:55:32 -0500
Message-Id: <199610140355.AA12944@crcnis1.unl.edu>
Subject: TRICKLE-L digest 618
Contents:
Re: Asparagus (Rodney Ruskin <geoflow1@slip.net>)
Re: Drip Tape (Rodney Ruskin <geoflow1@slip.net>)
Re: Air injection (GroAire@aol.com)
Date: Sun, 13 Oct 1996 17:13:30 -0700
From: Rodney Ruskin <geoflow1@slip.net>
Subject: Re: Asparagus
>
At 04:22 PM 10/9/96 -0500, you wrote:
>>Does anyone out there have experience with growing asparagus on drip. If
>>so, what type of lines, emmitters, etc. are you using. I want to grow @8
>>acres organically in Mex.
>>thanks
>>
>There are several growers with very large systems in Salinas and Arizona
>growing asparagus with SDI. Because of the aggressive root system of
>asparagus they have found that tapes do not survive for the 10+ year life of
>the plant which is expected under SDI - despite anecdotal reports to the
>contrary. They use hard hose with ROOTGUARD emitters without any problems.
>The decision of using ROOTGUARD with organic farming is up to you and your
>organic association - some growers do, some do not.
>
>Rodney Ruskin
>geoflow1@slip.net
>
>
>
Date: Sun, 13 Oct 1996 17:13:48 -0700
From: Rodney Ruskin <geoflow1@slip.net>
Subject: Re: Drip Tape
At 12:59 AM 10/12/96 -0500, you wrote:
>Just a brief question.. We installed subsurface drip irrigation,(T-Tape made
>by T-Systems) about 4 years ago on 17 acres of raspberries. We are expanding
>and need to know what other brands are available. Locally we have T-Tape and
>Netafim. We are interested in finding out if there has been advance in
>designs or new technology. We have had good luck with T-Tape but this is an
>opportunity to explore a bit more before we commit. Root intrusion may be a
>problem in the future but no problems yet.
>Tena Ondeck
>Borderland Farms
>ondeck@pacificrim.net
>
>My comments of today with respect to asparagus apply equally as well for
raspberries. If you would like more information please reply to me at
geoflow1@slip.net with your snail mail address.
Rodney Ruskin
geoflow1@slip.net
>
Date: Sun, 13 Oct 1996 23:46:51 -0400
From: GroAire@aol.com
Subject: Re: Air injection
The type of air generation station is dictated by the size of the project
which relates directly to economics. I have designed & implemented aeration
systems as small as individual potted plants for botany classes. I have also
designed systems to deliver thousands of CFM to field plots. The type of air
compressor depends on economics and what is designed for the purpose of
aeration. There are other reasons for aerating other than to stimulate
microbial action in the soil. Added benefits of atmospheric air injection are
widely varied. Soils can be warmed as the act of compression creates btu's
which can be added to the ambient. I have had growers raise their soil from
54 degrees F. to 64 degrees and maintain that temperature until envirmental
conditions took over. Subaeration can also be used to maintainsoil moisture
content. In a greenhouse experiment raising micropropagated minitubers, the
entire crop was raised with humid air. A total of 25 gallons of water was
used to bring the crop to a harvestable state. I'm not talking about gpm but,
total gallons of water consumed by the plants. I have also had growers aerate
for the purpose of keeping their crops from going anerobic due to heavy
rainfall. I have a grower in Coolidge Arizona that almost lost a crop of
spinach due to excessive rainfall. Not an area that peop[le normally
associate with too much water. However, with an emergency installation the
color of the crop changed within 24 hours and strarted new growth within 72
hours. Aeration can also inhibit weed proliferation. Many types of weed like
anerobic conditions for the germination of their seed. By following the air
management programs that GroAire has researched a marked difference in weed
populations have ocurred. We are in the babyhood of subaeration technology.
All the research that has been performed at major universities all the way
back to 1893 have been designed around passive methods of soil aeration (
chiseling, plowing, and adding soil amendments).
The groAire systems are the first in the world at active treatment of soils
with atmospheric air. The benefits are too numerous to even try to address on
the net. I haven'y even mentioned PH's of soils, mellowing of tilth, rodent
control, or free nitrogen and trace elements. Do I have your mind wandering
in circles? Try the cleansing of air using the soils in City Parks and
athletic fields.
Dave Enyeart
GroAire@aolcom
End of Digest
>From root@crcnis1.unl.edu Tue Oct 15 00:11 EDT 1996
Date: Mon, 14 Oct 1996 22:55:54 -0500
Message-Id: <199610150355.AA09566@crcnis1.unl.edu>
Subject: TRICKLE-L digest 619
Contents:
Re: TRICKLE-L digest 617 (Ingvard Find <76421.145@CompuServe.COM>)
Re: Asparagus (Wally Menke <wallym@ozemail.com.au>)
Re: Air injection(Ross) (Irrometer@aol.com)
Re: A new member from Florida (flatman@ix.netcom.com (Rick Peeren))
Re: Air injection ("DAVID R. BUNN" <103273.136@CompuServe.COM>)
Re: Air injection (GroAire@aol.com)
Date: 14 Oct 96 01:55:07 EDT
From: Ingvard Find <76421.145@CompuServe.COM>
Subject: Re: TRICKLE-L digest 617
TO; ONDECK@PACIFICRIM
YOU CAN ALSO PURSUE TAPE FROM RAIN BIRD.
ATTENTION:
RAIN BIRD INTERNATIONAL INC.
CALL (818) 963 9311 OR FAX (818) 963 4287 TO GET MORE INFORMATION
BEST REGARDS
INGVARD FIND
INTERNATIONAL AG BRAND MANAGER
Date: Mon, 14 Oct 1996 20:41:35 +1000 (EST)
From: Wally Menke <wallym@ozemail.com.au>
Subject: Re: Asparagus
At 04:27 PM 9/10/96 -0500, you wrote:
>Does anyone out there have experience with growing asparagus on drip. If
>so, what type of lines, emmitters, etc. are you using. I want to grow @8
>acres organically in Mex.
>thanks
>
Dear Robert
If your going to go subsurface with the dripline then use ROOTGUARD by
Geoflow, it comes with a 10 year warranty against root intrusion, and you
don't need to do any guess work (and screwing around) of dosing with acid
and herbicides.
Cost is higher than using thin wall tape, as ROOTGUARD is a thick wall
dripline. But you'll sleep better at night.
Wally Menke - Triangle Filtration
Date: Mon, 14 Oct 1996 10:57:18 -0400
From: Irrometer@aol.com
Subject: Re: Air injection(Ross)
In a message dated 96-10-11 15:21:15 EDT, you write:
>I am no expert on this topic, but I was curious and figured it might be a
>worthy topic of discussion. I knew that there was work being done but I do
>not have personal experience in the area. David Ross
>
>
Try Jim Wolfe at Wolfejohn Irrigation shown as CC: recipient.
Regards, Bill Pogue
Date: Mon, 14 Oct 1996 12:04:27 -0700
From: flatman@ix.netcom.com (Rick Peeren)
Subject: Re: A new member from Florida
You wrote:
>
>Enclosed is a response to my introductory questions from a new member.
>Allow me to introduce, Dr. Larry Parsons from Florida.
>
>R. Mead
>Trickle-L owner/manager
>-------------------------------------------------------------
>>To Trickle-L
>> I am Dr. Larry Parsons and am on the faculty of the University of
Florida.
>>I'm located at the Citrus Research and Education Center in Lake
Alfred, FL.
>>I do research and extension work on microsprinkler irrigation of
citrus. I'm
>>particularly interested in microsprinkler and drip irrigation
management on
>>sandy soils. We have also done a lot of work on microsprinkler
irrigation
>>for citrus frost protection. We do not use subsurface drip
irrigation much
>>because cutting citrus roots to install subsurface systems can lead
to root
>>sprouts. Microspinkler systems are used more commonly on the central
Florida
>>ridge because they provide better coverage than drip on the sandy
soils and
>>also provide some frost protection.
>> The major problems with trickle irrigation have been plugging of
the systems
>>due to iron or slime organisms. Fertigation is used and works well
with young
>>trees. Standard liquid fertilizer, primarily N and K, are most
commonly used.
>>We have not yet seen a real reduction in fertilizer or water use, but
are
>>interested in seeing if we can demonstrate possible reductions.
Water quality
>>problems include salinity (primarily along the coast but some inland
sites as
>>well) and iron slime plugging problems. Usually chlorine or other
chemicals
>>are injected to deal with plugging.
>> We usually irrigate 2 to 3 times per week if there is no rainfall.
We have
>>some recent data that suggests that daily irrigation (with rain
delays) may
>>promote better growth of young citrus trees than longer irrigation
periods
>>every 2 or 4 days. I have not heard of much rodent damage, but we do
have
>>other pests in some areas that plug up or chew on irrigation lines.
We are
>>generally satisfied with the uniformity of our systems. We had an
irrigation
>>engineer design them, so we assume they are OK. I heard about
trickle-l from
>>other faculty at the University of Florida.
>>
>>
>
>
Welcome to the group. I have some products that may solve some of your
iron slime problems. If you will send me your e-mail address I can
send you the information.
Rick Peeren
IrriChem Sales
Date: 14 Oct 96 17:43:30 EDT
From: "DAVID R. BUNN" <103273.136@CompuServe.COM>
Subject: Re: Air injection
In a current air injection test project that I am aware of, the equipment
includes SDI tubing with Mazzei injectors. The test plots have treatments both
with and without air injection. Initial measurements show only a 30% difference
in the amount of air between the two treatments. The injection rate, based on
the Mazzei tables, is 2 cubic feet per hour of air per gallon per minute of
water.
What is required from a design standpoint is the amount of injected air that
gives beneficial results. What factors to consider, i.e.: crop, soil type, flow
rate (or system size), irrigation frequency, etc.. What published data is
available regarding air injection into irrigation systems. CIT is testing SDI
tubing, is there interest in having them include air injection as part of this
project.
Date: Mon, 14 Oct 1996 19:42:24 -0400
From: GroAire@aol.com
Subject: Re: Air injection
The type of air injection that GroAire is involved is radically different
from the mazzei injectors. After each irrigation, the water pump is
manifolded off and the air generation station is valved on. The same drip
tubes used to deliver the water is then used to deliver the air. Anytime a
soil is irrigated the water displaces the pore space in the soil and drives
the atmospheric air out. This is when the plant shuts down until gravity
pulls the excess moisture in a downward pattern and pulls the atmospheric air
back into the pore space. The roots require oxygen for the uptake of
nutrients and the lack thereof causes the plant to shutdown. If a surface
sealing has ocurred due to improper irrigation from above or a heavy
rainstorm then a soil can slide into an anaerobic condition thereby limiting
crop production. The forced injection of atmospheric air decreases the amount
of downtime on the plant. I don't see how injecting air with water
simultaneously would overcome the problem of removing the pore space due to
irrigation. I believe that process would be self destructive as opposed to
the GroAire system. The GroAire systems keep soils from going anerobic
irregardless of soil moisture conditions or surface sealing problems.
Dave Enyeart
Senior Engineer
GroAire@aol.com
End of Digest
>From root@crcnis1.unl.edu Wed Oct 16 00:09 EDT 1996
Date: Tue, 15 Oct 1996 22:56:51 -0500
Message-Id: <199610160356.AA04998@crcnis1.unl.edu>
Subject: TRICKLE-L digest 620
Contents:
Air injection ("Craig A. Storlie" <storlie@AESOP.RUTGERS.EDU>)
Re: Media vs. screen??? (Jean Piaget <henri@ilink.nis.za>)
Re: Air injection ("K. Dean Batal" <batal@tifton.cpes.peachnet.edu>)
CO2 Injection (Carbogation? Please...) ("Craig A. Storlie" <storlie@AESOP.RUTGERS.EDU>)
Re: Air injection (GroAire@aol.com)
Date: Tue, 15 Oct 1996 10:13:05 -0400
From: "Craig A. Storlie" <storlie@AESOP.RUTGERS.EDU>
Subject: Air injection
------ =_NextPart_000_01BBBA81.765BDD20
All:
If air injection through drip results in yield resonse, how about CO2 =
injection? Many have tried (including me), but few have suceeded. =
However, the book is not closed. Some have seen a significant yield =
boost...and no one knows why for sure...
I recently wrote a review for Hort Tech...April-June '96 6(2)111-114.
Craig
........................................................................=
...............................
Craig Storlie
Extension Specialist in Agricultural Engineering
Rutgers University
voice: (609)455-3100
fax: (609) 455-9682
........................................................................=
...............................
------ =_NextPart_000_01BBBA81.765BDD20
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Gc6gursBQAAIMCADGc6gursBHgA9AAEAAAABAAAAAAAAAMj5
------ =_NextPart_000_01BBBA81.765BDD20--
Date: Tue, 15 Oct 1996 20:03:34 GMT
From: Jean Piaget <henri@ilink.nis.za>
Subject: Re: Media vs. screen???
At 10:26 AM 10/9/96 -0500, you wrote:
>
>-:
>
> I don't recall our group holding a discussion along this line before so =
>I will pose a question: Can the self cleaning screen filters (SCSF) =
>function under conditions of high organic matter (algae, aquatic "weeds" =
>and animals) as well as media filters? =20
In my experience one should never depend on only one filter, of whatever kind,
to remove all that gunk. Whatever has happened to the concept of pre-filtering
by various means before a final fine filtation ? Jean/
Date: Tue, 15 Oct 1996 15:06:47 +0000
From: "K. Dean Batal" <batal@tifton.cpes.peachnet.edu>
Subject: Re: Air injection
Hi Craig,
Your comments on the CO2 injection and the plant response to it is
very interesting. Perhaps, the injection into the soil surface
causes the enrichment of the air with CO2 as it rises to the surface
and eventually surrounds the crop canopy???
I was also interested in your encoded part which is not readable
as is. Could you convert it and save it as ASCII TEXT, and then mail
it back to me? I would appreciate it very much.
With best regards,
Dean
Date: Tue, 15 Oct 1996 09:04:49 -0500
Reply-to: <trickle-l@unl.edu>
From: "Craig A. Storlie" <storlie@AESOP.RUTGERS.EDU>
To: Multiple recipients of list <trickle-l@unl.edu>
Subject: Air injection
------ =_NextPart_000_01BBBA81.765BDD20
All:
If air injection through drip results in yield resonse, how about CO2 =
injection? Many have tried (including me), but few have suceeded. =
However, the book is not closed. Some have seen a significant yield =
boost...and no one knows why for sure...
I recently wrote a review for Hort Tech...April-June '96 6(2)111-114.
Craig
........................................................................=
...............................
Craig Storlie
Extension Specialist in Agricultural Engineering
Rutgers University
voice: (609)455-3100
fax: (609) 455-9682
........................................................................=
...............................
------ =_NextPart_000_01BBBA81.765BDD20
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K. Dean Batal, Ph.D.
Horticulture Research
UGA/C.P.E.S.
Tifton, GA 31793-0748
Tel. 912-386-3906
E-mail: BATAL@TIFTON.CPES.PEACHNET.EDU
Date: Tue, 15 Oct 1996 16:26:32 -0400
From: "Craig A. Storlie" <storlie@AESOP.RUTGERS.EDU>
Subject: CO2 Injection (Carbogation? Please...)
------ =_NextPart_000_01BBBAB5.A8459540
Dean and List:
I am sorry about my "encoded" email. I recently started using new =
software (WIN95, MS Exchange) and haven't got the bugs out yet. There =
was NO attachment.
The "chimney effect" (ie., CO2 moving up thru the opening in plastic =
mulch and subsequent enrichment) has been proposed but is not believed =
to do much for enhanced growth. Enrichment that can be detected under =
VERY CALM conditions is LOW and DISAPPEARS shortly after the end of the =
irrigation period. Given that, consider how long we irrigate (percent =
of the photoperiod) you will quickly see that this one doesn't hold much =
water.
In my opinion, enhanced mineral nutrition caused by a drop in =
irrigation water pH (CO2 acidifies) and subsequent soil pH decrease in =
high-pH soils is the answer. But then...
Thanks Dean,
Craig
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Date: Tue, 15 Oct 1996 20:34:58 -0400
From: GroAire@aol.com
Subject: Re: Air injection
My organization has never experimented with CO-2 injection. The whole purpose
of our air management prograqms are designed toward eliminating C0-2in the
soil.
In areas where there have been successes using CO-2 , I suspect that chemical
reactions in the soil have broken down the bond between the carbon and the
oxygen and released the oxygen to benefit the root system. (Just theory from
the hip) Secondly, the economics of purchasing CO-2 as opposed to atmospheric
air which includes CO-2 just doesn't pan out. There are other reasons such
as weed populations would increase as many varities require the presence of
co-2 in high levels for germination . We get a reduced incidence of weeds due
to the nature of the beast of SDI and the flushing of the soil with
Atmospheric air to rerduce CO-2 levels.
Dave Enyeart
GroAire@aol.com
End of Digest
>From root@crcnis1.unl.edu Thu Oct 17 00:25 EDT 1996
Date: Wed, 16 Oct 1996 23:13:14 -0500
Message-Id: <199610170413.AA01293@crcnis1.unl.edu>
Subject: TRICKLE-L digest 621
Contents:
Re: Air injection ("Dr. Jean Piaget" <henri@ilink.nis.za>)
New Web Page Site (Irrometer@aol.com)
Re: Air injection (GroAire@aol.com)
Date: Wed, 16 Oct 1996 20:25:42 GMT
From: "Dr. Jean Piaget" <henri@ilink.nis.za>
Subject: Re: Air injection
At 07:26 PM 10/15/96 -0500, you wrote:
>My organization has never experimented with CO-2 injection. The whole purpose
>of our air management prograqms are designed toward eliminating C0-2in the
>soil.
Hi , I seem to remember reading in a potato Journal that someone tested out
the theory that water logging effect was due to a shortage of oxygen.
In pots they reduced the O2 content with N2 in one pot and CO2 in an other.
And voila the N2 potato pot kept growing but not the CO2 pot. Jean/
Date: Wed, 16 Oct 1996 19:25:40 -0400
From: Irrometer@aol.com
Subject: New Web Page Site
Dear correspondents on Trickle-L, Irrigation-L and SOWACS:
Excuse me if there are some duplications.
The Irrometer Company has established a webpage covering
Company background on its line of soil moisture measuring
and controlling instrumentation. Separate "Catalogs" are
available for both Agicultural and Landscape applications,
along with a Newsletter and and electronic Feedback Form.
We'd welcome your "visit" and an opportunity to be of help, or
to even hear any comments.
http://www.inet.net/irrometer/
Regards, Bill Pogue, President, Irrometer Company, Inc.
Riverside, CA USA
Date: Thu, 17 Oct 1996 00:06:47 -0400
From: GroAire@aol.com
Subject: Re: Air injection
Thanks for the support. At one point I built a large scale Jacobs ladder
inside a air tight chamber and passed the air from my generation station
through it before it was distributed throughout my laterals. The object was
to generate nitrogen just as lighting does. It worked too well. I killed 1
acre of potatoes because the end result was nitric acid in the soil. A little
would have been nice to buffer that aslkaline soil, But I went too far and
crispied the whole lotl
Dave Enyeart
End of Digest
>From root@crcnis1.unl.edu Fri Oct 18 00:29 EDT 1996
Date: Thu, 17 Oct 1996 23:13:16 -0500
Message-Id: <199610180413.AA23832@crcnis1.unl.edu>
Subject: TRICKLE-L digest 622
Contents:
(Fwd) Agricultural AMP's and BMPs (elewis@h2o.kda.state.ks.us)
Re: (Fwd) Agricultural AMP's and BMPs ("J.D. Oster" <oster@mail.ucr.edu>)
Re: Using EnviroSCAN parallel to the surface. ("Alan S. Wicks" <awicks@televar.com>)
Re: Using EnviroSCAN parallel to the surface. (Hortech Services Pty Ltd <hortech@www.ats.com.au>)
FW: (Fwd) Agricultural AMP's and BMPs ("Thurston, Anna" <athursto@ci.tacoma.wa.us>)
Re: Using EnviroSCAN parallel to the surface. (Richard Mead <rmead@cybergate.com>)
Re: (Fwd) Agricultural AMP's and BMPs (FLamm@oznet.ksu.edu (Freddie Lamm))
Date: Thu, 17 Oct 1996 12:41:41 +0000
From: elewis@h2o.kda.state.ks.us
Subject: (Fwd) Agricultural AMP's and BMPs
Hello,
I have been a member of this list since April but have not posted
anything until now. I work for the Kansas Department of
Agriculture's, Division of Water Resources. As a short introductory
statement, I am working with a basin management approach to develop
management strategies for areas of Kansas that are experiencing water
resource problems, mainly quantity. Each of the areas that we are
currently working in is mainly agricultural land. Therefore the
main use of water is for irrigation of crops. The main crops being
grown are corn, soybeans, grain sorghum and wheat.
While overall management of water resources seems to fall outside the
normal discussion of this list, it appears that many of you would
have some experience or useful comments on the subject. What I would
like to know is if anyone has good references for Acceptable Management
Practices and Best Management Practices for agriculture in the
Western United States. To this point most of the information we have
been able to find applies to eastern states with Forestry and Industrial
Uses being the main topics. Any information or references you could
supply would be much appreciated. Thank you. Earl Lewis
You can e-mail me directly at: elewis@h2o.kda.state.ks.us
Earl D. Lewis, Jr
KS Dept of Agriculture
Division of Water Resources
Phone (913) 296-3717
Fax (913) 296-1176
Date: Thu, 17 Oct 1996 13:40:59 -0500
From: "J.D. Oster" <oster@mail.ucr.edu>
Subject: Re: (Fwd) Agricultural AMP's and BMPs
Try Jim Ayars at the Water Management Laboratory (ARS) in Fresno
(jayars@asrr.arsusda.gov) and Blaine Hanson (brhanson@ucdavis.edu). At 12:32
PM 10/17/96 -0500, you wrote:
>Hello,
>
>I have been a member of this list since April but have not posted
>anything until now. I work for the Kansas Department of
>Agriculture's, Division of Water Resources. As a short introductory
>statement, I am working with a basin management approach to develop
>management strategies for areas of Kansas that are experiencing water
>resource problems, mainly quantity. Each of the areas that we are
>currently working in is mainly agricultural land. Therefore the
>main use of water is for irrigation of crops. The main crops being
>grown are corn, soybeans, grain sorghum and wheat.
>
>While overall management of water resources seems to fall outside the
>normal discussion of this list, it appears that many of you would
>have some experience or useful comments on the subject. What I would
>like to know is if anyone has good references for Acceptable Management
>Practices and Best Management Practices for agriculture in the
>Western United States. To this point most of the information we have
>been able to find applies to eastern states with Forestry and Industrial
>Uses being the main topics. Any information or references you could
>supply would be much appreciated. Thank you. Earl Lewis
>
>You can e-mail me directly at: elewis@h2o.kda.state.ks.us
>
>
>Earl D. Lewis, Jr
>KS Dept of Agriculture
>Division of Water Resources
>Phone (913) 296-3717
>Fax (913) 296-1176
>
J.D.(Jim) Oster
Dept. of Soil & Env. Sciences
University of California
Riverside, CA 92521
Phone (909)787-5100
FAX (909)787-5522
Date: Thu, 17 Oct 1996 12:42:56 -0700
From: "Alan S. Wicks" <awicks@televar.com>
Subject: Re: Using EnviroSCAN parallel to the surface.
Greetings,
I read the achives on the EnviroSCAN and still have some questions.
I am involved in irrigation/fertilization management of drip irrigated
vegetables in relatively porous soils. With drip irrigation in sandy
soils there is always the problem of rapid downward water movement vs
slower lateral movement. This makes it a bit difficult to use ETo
values. I am interested in measuring this lateral movement in relation
to the downward movement while using various application rates and
emitter configurations.
So, I was thinking that if I could dig a trench so as to be able to
insert an access tube for the EnviroSCAN parallel to the surface, I
could look at the lateral flow. Can I do it?? How close can I get to
the surface, etc??
Any other ideas??
Thank you,
Alan S. Wicks
awicks@televar.com
Tri-cities, Washington, USA
Date: Fri, 18 Oct 1996 06:38:07 +1000
From: Hortech Services Pty Ltd <hortech@www.ats.com.au>
Subject: Re: Using EnviroSCAN parallel to the surface.
At 02:38 PM 17/10/96 -0500, you wrote:
>Greetings,
>
>I read the achives on the EnviroSCAN and still have some questions.
>I am involved in irrigation/fertilization management of drip irrigated
>vegetables in relatively porous soils. With drip irrigation in sandy
>soils there is always the problem of rapid downward water movement vs
>slower lateral movement. This makes it a bit difficult to use ETo
>values. I am interested in measuring this lateral movement in relation
>to the downward movement while using various application rates and
>emitter configurations.
>
>So, I was thinking that if I could dig a trench so as to be able to
>insert an access tube for the EnviroSCAN parallel to the surface, I
>could look at the lateral flow. Can I do it?? How close can I get to
>the surface, etc??
>
>Any other ideas??
>
>Thank you,
>Alan S. Wicks
>awicks@televar.com
>Tri-cities, Washington, USA
>
>I have passed your questions on to the manufacturer Sentek.
If you wish to contact them personally
send email to
Attention Peter Buss
sentek@a011.aone.net.au
regards
Peter Broomhall
Horticulural Consultant
Hortech Services Pty Ltd
a.c.n. 060 406 957
P.O. Box 370
Kallangur QLD 4503
Australia
P: +61 418 708 573
F: +61 7 3886 0389
hortech@ats.com.au
Date: Thu, 17 Oct 96 14:03:00 PDT
From: "Thurston, Anna" <athursto@ci.tacoma.wa.us>
Subject: FW: (Fwd) Agricultural AMP's and BMPs
Cc: 'Earl Lewis'
Earl wrote:
What I would like to know is if anyone has good references for Acceptable
Management Practices and Best Management Practices for agriculture in the
Western United States. You can e-mail me directly at:
elewis@h2o.kda.state.ks.us
Earl D. Lewis, Jr
KS Dept of Agriculture
Division of Water Resources
Phone (913) 296-3717
Fax (913) 296-1176
*****
Earl -
As a Water Conservation Specialist, I'm in your field, and subscribing for
the same reasons. Can I suggest you look into California's BMP's via their
Sate Dept. of Water Resources (DWR) at (916)327-1628. I am reading from the
DWR's Water Conservation News, Fall 1993 publication. This may be old
information, but it hasn't lost it's value to me yet. The article makes
reference to US Bureau of Reclamation as a partner in the development of the
BMP's there. Good Luck!
Anna Thurston, Water Conservation Specialist
Tacoma Public Utilities, Water Resource Planning
PO Box 11007 Tacoma, Washington 98411
(206)502-8723 // FAX:(206)502-8694
<athursto@ci.tacoma.wa.us>
Date: Thu, 17 Oct 1996 21:41:18 GMT
From: Richard Mead <rmead@cybergate.com>
Subject: Re: Using EnviroSCAN parallel to the surface.
Dear Alan and others interested in EnviroSCAN technology,
Regarding your comment:
"I was thinking that if I could dig a trench so as to be able to
insert an access tube for the EnviroSCAN parallel to the surface,
I could look at the lateral flow."
We have installed EnviroSCAN access tubes vertically here at the
Water Management Research Laboratory in our lysimeters 'prior'
to installing them below ground. Check out
http://asset.arsusda.gov/WMRL/japan.gif
to see yours truly hammering* away at those tubes.
Needless to say, this was no easy task...hammering perpendicular to gravity.
Your trench would have to be wide enough to swing and pound the
tubes into the ground parallel to the soil surface. I would insist
on doing it this way and NOT creating a trench and burying the tubes by
hand. Close contact with the access tube and soil is essential!!
Alternatively, you could put numerous access tubes in a radial distance away
from your emitters and monitor any depth you want with 10 cm (4 in.)
increments.
Peter Buss will undoubtedly have better ideas. Let's see if one of his
colleagues picks up on this thread.
Richard Mead
Soil Scientist
Trickle-L & MF owner/manager
*100% of the credit for installing these critters should really go to
Richard Soppe, whose blood, sweat and tears contributed to the cause.
I just happened to be there the day pictures were being snapped. :-)
Date: 17 Oct 96 18:26:36 CDT
From: FLamm@oznet.ksu.edu (Freddie Lamm)
Subject: Re: (Fwd) Agricultural AMP's and BMPs
It would be nice to know what you are specifically looking for.
Nearly all of the western land grant universities (including Kansas
State University) and many of the USDA Research Stations have been
working on improved on-farm irrigation practices for decades. This
information is widely available.
There is also a western regional project, W-128 that deals with
microirrigation as a best management practice (It's in the title).
I am currently the chair of that group.
Perhaps you can be more specific or give me a call some time.
Freddie
*
Date: 17-Oct-1996 12:30:30 -0500
Reply-to: trickle-l@unl.edu
From: trickle-l@unl.edu
To: trickle-l@unl.edu (Multiple recipients of list)
Subject: (Fwd) Agricultural AMP's and BMPs
Hello,
I have been a member of this list since April but have not posted
anything until now. I work for the Kansas Department of
Agriculture's, Division of Water Resources. As a short introductory
statement, I am working with a basin management approach to develop
management strategies for areas of Kansas that are experiencing water
resource problems, mainly quantity. Each of the areas that we are
currently working in is mainly agricultural land. Therefore the
main use of water is for irrigation of crops. The main crops being
grown are corn, soybeans, grain sorghum and wheat.
While overall management of water resources seems to fall outside the
normal discussion of this list, it appears that many of you would
have some experience or useful comments on the subject. What I would
like to know is if anyone has good references for Acceptable Management
Practices and Best Management Practices for agriculture in the
Western United States. To this point most of the information we have
been able to find applies to eastern states with Forestry and Industrial
Uses being the main topics. Any information or references you could
supply would be much appreciated. Thank you. Earl Lewis
You can e-mail me directly at: elewis@h2o.kda.state.ks.us
Earl D. Lewis, Jr
KS Dept of Agriculture
Division of Water Resources
Phone (913) 296-3717
Fax (913) 296-1176
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Freddie Lamm *
Research Agricultural Engineer *** o
KSU Northwest Research-Extension Center ***** /|\
105 Experiment Farm Road *******\\
Colby, Kansas 67701-1697 *********
Ph. 913-462-6281 ***********
FAX 913-462-2315 *************
Email:flamm@oznet.ksu.edu It's all downhill from here.
------ THERE'S NO DOMAIN LIKE OZ, THERE'S NO DOMAIN LIKE OZ. ------
End of Digest
>From root@crcnis1.unl.edu Sat Oct 19 00:26 EDT 1996
Date: Fri, 18 Oct 1996 23:13:22 -0500
Message-Id: <199610190413.AA18816@crcnis1.unl.edu>
Subject: TRICKLE-L digest 623
Contents:
Re: Air injection (LodiCraig@aol.com)
CO2 Injection ("Craig A. Storlie" <storlie@AESOP.RUTGERS.EDU>)
Re: Using EnviroSCAN parallel to the surface. (blsanden@ucdavis.edu (Blake Sanden))
Re: EnviroSCAN (danyalk@ix.netcom.com (Danyal Kasapligil))
Date: Fri, 18 Oct 1996 16:59:52 -0400
From: LodiCraig@aol.com
Subject: Re: Air injection
Dear Dave:
In a message dated 96-10-17 00:25:54 EDT, you write:
<< I built a large scale Jacobs ladder
inside a air tight chamber and passed the air from my generation station
through it before it was distributed throughout my laterals. The object was
to generate nitrogen just as lighting does. It worked too well. I killed 1
acre of potatoes because the end result was nitric acid in the soil. A
little
would have been nice to buffer that aslkaline soil, But I went too far and
crispied the whole lotl >>
Do you have a write up on your experiment? How did you come to the
conclusion that you burned the potatoes with "generated" Nitric acid? ... Did
you consider the posibility that you generated toxic levels of ozone (03)?
(or some other harsh chemical critter?)
Cheers,
Craig Thompson
Date: Thu, 17 Oct 1996 12:38:36 -0400
From: "Craig A. Storlie" <storlie@AESOP.RUTGERS.EDU>
Subject: CO2 Injection
------ =_NextPart_000_01BBBD20.52625600
All:
The injection of air through a drip system may reduce water-logging, =
increasing the O2 content of the soil, increasing respiration, and make =
plants happy. However, the CO2 content of the soil may be sub- or =
supra-optimal for the beneficial bacteria which live in the soil (had to =
read my own paper again - no laughing, D. Ross). I do not believe that =
the injection of CO2 with irrigation water can effect the O2 balance in =
a significant manner. Not when one considers that small amount of CO2 =
that is actually injected and more importantly, the overriding influence =
of soil saturation on soil O2 content.
Craig Storlie
=20
------ =_NextPart_000_01BBBD20.52625600
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------ =_NextPart_000_01BBBD20.52625600--
Date: Fri, 18 Oct 1996 16:06:44 +0000
From: blsanden@ucdavis.edu (Blake Sanden)
Subject: Re: Using EnviroSCAN parallel to the surface.
Alan,
I used this technique to monitor redistribution of moisture from hoses
buried 16" below the top of potato beds. Use a balling spade or maddox to
cut a narrow trench across the beds once you established the stand. The
tube must be at least 5" below the soil surface in the furrow and sensors
centered over the hose. Be sure and put some silicone around the entrance
of the wire cable into the top of the pipe. Tamping the soil back to the
original density is the tricky part -- not too bad on a sandy loam though.
Total subbing was no more than 20 cm.
Blake Sanden
Univ of CA Coop Ext -- Kern County
>Greetings,
>
>I read the achives on the EnviroSCAN and still have some questions.
>I am involved in irrigation/fertilization management of drip irrigated
>vegetables in relatively porous soils. With drip irrigation in sandy
>soils there is always the problem of rapid downward water movement vs
>slower lateral movement. This makes it a bit difficult to use ETo
>values. I am interested in measuring this lateral movement in relation
>to the downward movement while using various application rates and
>emitter configurations.
>
>So, I was thinking that if I could dig a trench so as to be able to
>insert an access tube for the EnviroSCAN parallel to the surface, I
>could look at the lateral flow. Can I do it?? How close can I get to
>the surface, etc??
>
>Any other ideas??
>
>Thank you,
>Alan S. Wicks
>awicks@televar.com
>Tri-cities, Washington, USA
Date: Fri, 18 Oct 1996 17:25:09 -0700
From: danyalk@ix.netcom.com (Danyal Kasapligil)
Subject: Re: EnviroSCAN
"Alan S. Wicks" <awicks@televar.com> wrote:
I read the achives on the EnviroSCAN and still have some questions.
I am involved in irrigation/fertilization management of drip irrigated
vegetables in relatively porous soils. With drip irrigation in sandy
soils there is always the problem of rapid downward water movement vs
slower lateral movement. This makes it a bit difficult to use ETo
values. I am interested in measuring this lateral movement in relation
to the downward movement while using various application rates and
emitter configurations.
So, I was thinking that if I could dig a trench so as to be able to
insert an access tube for the EnviroSCAN parallel to the surface, I
could look at the lateral flow. Can I do it?? How close can I get to
the surface, etc??
Any other ideas??
Thank you,
Alan S. Wicks
awicks@televar.com
Tri-cities, Washington, USA
Alan:
I now have one season's worth of experience using the enviroSCAN in the
Salinas Valley, CA and thought I'd share some of it with you.
I have been involved with four "field assessment" systems working with
growers to try out this new technology locally.
Lateral water movement seems to be limited under drip (to various
extents) regardless of soil texture. If you are interested in taking
the high-tech approach using the enviroSCAN, I would encourage you to
use it as a production tool rather than a research tool. By this I
mean: use the enviroSCAN to improve and fine tune your irrigation
management rather than to try to determine exactly what the extent of
your lateral water movement is. [all you would learn is it's
incredibly variable]. Depending on your crop I would encourage you to
place the probes in the wetter 1/3 of the area (close to the dripper,
which is really the most active root volume). In a vineyard drip and
citrus micro-spray we tried putting probes next to the water source and
mid-way between sources (drippers, sprayers) and found that there was
very limited lateral water movement. Contributing to this was the fact
that the growers were under-irrigating.
The enviroSCAN will show you exactly how deep your irrigations are
penetrating and how much and from which depths water is being extracted
by the crop, which for our area and crops is far more useful than ET
calcs.
Sentek in Australia and their US distributers could give you more info.
End of Digest
>From root@crcnis1.unl.edu Sun Oct 20 00:26 EDT 1996
Date: Sat, 19 Oct 1996 23:13:54 -0500
Message-Id: <199610200413.AA28528@crcnis1.unl.edu>
Subject: TRICKLE-L digest 624
Contents:
Re: EnviroSCAN .. underirrigating? (LodiCraig@aol.com)
Date: Sat, 19 Oct 1996 14:01:24 -0400
From: LodiCraig@aol.com
Subject: Re: EnviroSCAN .. underirrigating?
Dear Danyal Kasapligil:
In a message dated 96-10-18 20:31:17 EDT, you write:
<< In a vineyard drip and citrus micro-spray we tried putting probes next to
the water source and mid-way between sources (drippers, sprayers) and found
that there was
very limited lateral water movement. Contributing to this was the fact
that the growers were under-irrigating. >>
Please elaborate on your use of the term under-irrigating. Do you mean
simply that the growers were simply irrigating at a replacement rate below
maximum ETc, or at levels so low you feel they were inducing economic loss?
In your opinion, do you think the orchards or vineyards were economically
suffering due to the artificially restricted active root zone area induced by
the limited application of water?
Sincerely,
Craig Thompson
End of Digest
>From root@crcnis1.unl.edu Mon Oct 21 00:31 EDT 1996
Date: Sun, 20 Oct 1996 23:17:46 -0500
Message-Id: <199610210417.AA08656@crcnis1.unl.edu>
Subject: TRICKLE-L digest 625
Contents:
Re: Using EnviroSCAN parallel to the surface. (jetfixer@interaccess.com (B.LORCH))
Re: Air injection (GroAire@aol.com)
Date: Sun, 20 Oct 1996 10:39:07 -0500
From: jetfixer@interaccess.com (B.LORCH)
Subject: Re: Using EnviroSCAN parallel to the surface.
Dear MR. Mead, could you please do what you could to get me off this list?
Thank you.
William Lorch.
Date: Sun, 20 Oct 1996 20:34:33 -0400
From: GroAire@aol.com
Subject: Re: Air injection
sorry no write up was ever made of the experiment. The university of Nebraska
was working with us at the time and the chemical makeup had been determined
by them.
Dave Enyeart
End of Digest
>From root@crcnis1.unl.edu Tue Oct 22 00:31 EDT 1996
Date: Mon, 21 Oct 1996 23:18:45 -0500
Message-Id: <199610220418.AA03470@crcnis1.unl.edu>
Subject: TRICKLE-L digest 626
Contents:
root intrusion / copper (TPiatkowsk@aol.com)
PUMPS ? PIPES ? (robert bertollo <rbert@webfront.net.au>)
RE: Effectiveness of Gypsum and Tensiometers in top 6 inches. ("Craig A. Storlie" <storlie@AESOP.RUTGERS.EDU>)
Re: PUMPS ? PIPES ?...private email? (Richard Mead <rmead@asrr.arsusda.gov>)
RE: Effectiveness of Gypsum and Tensiometers in top 6 inches. ("J.D. Oster" <oster@mail.ucr.edu>)
RE: Effectiveness of Gypsum and Tensiometers in top 6 inches. (Don Pitts <djp@ICON.IMOK.UFL.EDU>)
Re: Effectiveness of Gypsum and Tensiometers in top 6 inches. ("Alan S. Wicks" <awicks@televar.com>)
Re: Effectiveness of Gypsum and Tensiometers in top 6 inches. (Irrometer@aol.com)
Re: Air injection (blsanden@ucdavis.edu (Blake Sanden))
Re: Effectiveness of Gypsum and Tensiometers in top 6 inches. (blsanden@ucdavis.edu (Blake Sanden))
Re: PUMPS ? PIPES ? (htec@pacifier.com (Dale Kidwell))
Date: Mon, 21 Oct 1996 01:45:24 -0400
From: TPiatkowsk@aol.com
Subject: root intrusion / copper
I am interested in any available information and/or research that has been
done regarding the use of copper to prevent root intrusion into sub surface
drip tape.
If anyone could assist me with my quest for knowledge in this area I would be
grateful.
Thank you,
Tom
Ag H2o
Date: Mon, 21 Oct 1996 21:54:05 +1000
From: robert bertollo <rbert@webfront.net.au>
Subject: PUMPS ? PIPES ?
Dear subscribers,
I have a irrigation problem and would like some expert advise on centrifugal
pumps and pipe line friction losses .
I am not sure if my questions will be relevant to trickle irrigation, so
some correspondence to my personal email address would be greatfully accepted.
Thankyou
ROBERT BERTOLLO rbert@webfront.net.au
YENDA
AUSTRALIA
Date: Mon, 21 Oct 1996 09:57:05 -0400
From: "Craig A. Storlie" <storlie@AESOP.RUTGERS.EDU>
Subject: RE: Effectiveness of Gypsum and Tensiometers in top 6 inches.
------ =_NextPart_000_01BBBF36.3C897080
I use tensiometers extensively in research plots, placing about 100 =
tensiometers each year at depths ranging from 6-18 inches. Yes, salts =
change the osmotic potential of the soil solution and should effect =
tensiometer response. We ignore this fact (yikes), I assume because the =
effect is small (help me, list - anyone calculated these potentials =
recently? Thinking about it a little, the tensiometer solution becomes =
a salt solution over time, doesn't it?). =20
Regardless, within a 5- or 10-foot distance down a mulched, =
drip-irrigated bed I have seen differences in tensiometer values of up =
to 20 cb! I have always assumed that these differences were due to soil =
texture differences (soil lenses, tillage anomalies) which effect water =
movemnt and soil water storage characteristics, etc. Knowing that =
these "uncontrollables" can effect tension reading fairly dramatically, =
I suspect that the potential differences resulting from liming, =
fertilizing, etc. are not worth fretting over. Growers have more =
important hairs to split.
Craig Storlie
Extension Specialist in Agricultural Engineering
Rutgers University
------ =_NextPart_000_01BBBF36.3C897080
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------ =_NextPart_000_01BBBF36.3C897080--
Date: Mon, 21 Oct 1996 15:00:11 GMT
From: Richard Mead <rmead@asrr.arsusda.gov>
Subject: Re: PUMPS ? PIPES ?...private email?
Regarding:
>I am not sure if my questions will be relevant to trickle irrigation<
Please, do discuss this openly! Pumps and pipes are part of a trickle
irrigation system. It would be a shame if this aspect of our list
is shunted off to personal communications. Carry on and share with all :-)
R. Mead
Trickle-L owner/manager
Date: Mon, 21 Oct 1996 10:07:03 -0500
From: "J.D. Oster" <oster@mail.ucr.edu>
Subject: RE: Effectiveness of Gypsum and Tensiometers in top 6 inches.
Salts do not affect tensiometer readings. The ceramic pores are too large to
exclude salt from moving back and forth, into and out of the solution in the
cup. Consequently, differences in salt concentration cannot generate
potential gradients (the ability to generate a tensiometer reading). If your
interested in more details, the words used to describe the ability of salts
to generate potential gradients are 'reflection coefficient'. The
researchers worked on this phenomenon in the 60's and 70's. Some names
include John Cary, Sterling Taylor, Doral Kemper, and John Letey.
>
>------ =_NextPart_000_01BBBF36.3C897080
>Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
>Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
>
> I use tensiometers extensively in research plots, placing about 100 =
>tensiometers each year at depths ranging from 6-18 inches. Yes, salts =
>change the osmotic potential of the soil solution and should effect =
>tensiometer response. We ignore this fact (yikes), I assume because the =
>effect is small (help me, list - anyone calculated these potentials =
>recently? Thinking about it a little, the tensiometer solution becomes =
>a salt solution over time, doesn't it?). =20
>
> Regardless, within a 5- or 10-foot distance down a mulched, =
>drip-irrigated bed I have seen differences in tensiometer values of up =
>to 20 cb! I have always assumed that these differences were due to soil =
>texture differences (soil lenses, tillage anomalies) which effect water =
>movemnt and soil water storage characteristics, etc. Knowing that =
>these "uncontrollables" can effect tension reading fairly dramatically, =
>I suspect that the potential differences resulting from liming, =
>fertilizing, etc. are not worth fretting over. Growers have more =
>important hairs to split.
>
>Craig Storlie
>Extension Specialist in Agricultural Engineering
>Rutgers University
>------ =_NextPart_000_01BBBF36.3C897080
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J.D.(Jim) Oster
Dept. of Soil & Env. Sciences
University of California
Riverside, CA 92521
Phone (909)787-5100
FAX (909)787-5522
Date: Mon, 21 Oct 1996 12:22:40 -0500 (EST)
From: Don Pitts <djp@ICON.IMOK.UFL.EDU>
Subject: RE: Effectiveness of Gypsum and Tensiometers in top 6 inches.
Craig,
Since the porous cup walls of the tensiometer is permeable to both water and
solutes, the water inside of the tensiometer tends to be same solute
concentration as the soil water. Thus, the tensiometer does not measure
osmotic forces.
Don Pitts
At 09:33 AM 10/21/96 -0500, you wrote:
>
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> I use tensiometers extensively in research plots, placing about 100 =
>tensiometers each year at depths ranging from 6-18 inches. Yes, salts =
>change the osmotic potential of the soil solution and should effect =
>tensiometer response. We ignore this fact (yikes), I assume because the =
>effect is small (help me, list - anyone calculated these potentials =
>recently? Thinking about it a little, the tensiometer solution becomes =
>a salt solution over time, doesn't it?). =20
>
> Regardless, within a 5- or 10-foot distance down a mulched, =
>drip-irrigated bed I have seen differences in tensiometer values of up =
>to 20 cb! I have always assumed that these differences were due to soil =
>texture differences (soil lenses, tillage anomalies) which effect water =
>movemnt and soil water storage characteristics, etc. Knowing that =
>these "uncontrollables" can effect tension reading fairly dramatically, =
>I suspect that the potential differences resulting from liming, =
>fertilizing, etc. are not worth fretting over. Growers have more =
>important hairs to split.
>
>Craig Storlie
>Extension Specialist in Agricultural Engineering
>Rutgers University
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Date: Mon, 21 Oct 1996 09:55:42 -0700
From: "Alan S. Wicks" <awicks@televar.com>
Subject: Re: Effectiveness of Gypsum and Tensiometers in top 6 inches.
Craig A. Storlie wrote:
> Regardless, within a 5- or 10-foot distance down a mulched, =
> drip-irrigated bed I have seen differences in tensiometer values of up =
> to 20 cb! I have always assumed that these differences were due to soil =
> texture differences (soil lenses, tillage anomalies) which effect water =
> movement and soil water storage characteristics, etc.
I have found that the placement of the tensiometer in relation to the
emitter is critical to reproducibility of the reading. Also, the root
density, which is a function of water, O2 and CO2 levels in the soil
atmosphere, and fertility, would obviously change the rate of change in
soils moisture. Since root density is often highest between 2 and 15 cm
from the emitter ( I rarely find roots at the emitter when using daily
irrigations) a tensiometer 30+ cm to the side will react rather
differently than one in the middle of the root zone.
As regards the change in osmotic potential, an approximate relationship
between the EC (dS/m) and the osmotic pressure (kPa) is osmotic pressure
(kPa) = 40EC @25C. We can let somebody at the Tensiometer group turn
that into a change in tensiometer reading.
Since my experience with drip has been on rapidly drained soils in warm
climates where daily irrigation was the norm, I am not familiar with the
changes that would occur in heavy soils with less frequent irrigations.
Sincerely yours,
Alan S. Wicks
Date: Mon, 21 Oct 1996 15:00:57 -0400
From: Irrometer@aol.com
Subject: Re: Effectiveness of Gypsum and Tensiometers in top 6 inches.
In a message dated 96-10-19 06:10:22 EDT, you write:
(Peter Broomhall)
>I am after a little bit of information on the use of Gypsum blocks and
>tensiometers within the top 6 inches of soil.
The tensiometer does not "see" any of the effect on the ability
of the plant to extract water caused by the osmotic potential.
The salts are in solution and move across the cup of the
tensiometer with the soil water. If the EC of the soil solution
is such that it could impede water uptake, it would be necessary
to monitor this condition with suction lysimeters or some sort
of portable EC meter, so as to implement periodic leaching
of accumulated salts. This would apply to the 6" depth together
with any other "depth" which contained the active portion of the
plant root system. Depending on the effective rooting depth of
the crop, soil water status measurements are normally taken
at the bottom of the top 1/4 of the effective rooting depth and
at the bottom of top 3/4 of the same, with this area accounting
for roughly 90% of the water extracted by the root system of
a well watered crop (assuming this is the goal). As far as pH
and temperature are concerned, I know of no effect which they
can have on a tensiometric measurement. I'll leave that subject
to others better trained than I in soil chemistry and soil physics.
Regards, Bill Pogue
Date: Mon, 21 Oct 1996 19:29:10 +0000
From: blsanden@ucdavis.edu (Blake Sanden)
Subject: Re: Air injection
Dave,
I too am much intrigued by your 'in-field' potato crisps. Did you indeed
create nitric acid? If so, any idea of the energy and equipment cost if
one wanted to set up a production unit? You see the old sulfur burners in
CA don't meet current air quality standards and many of our waters and
soils would benefit be acidification. Growers, however, are reluctant to
have poly tanks of bulk acid sitting around due to liability. Any
thoughts?
Blake Sanden
Irrigation Farm Advisor, Kern County
>Dear Dave:
>
>In a message dated 96-10-17 00:25:54 EDT, you write:
>
><< I built a large scale Jacobs ladder
> inside a air tight chamber and passed the air from my generation station
> through it before it was distributed throughout my laterals. The object was
> to generate nitrogen just as lighting does. It worked too well. I killed 1
> acre of potatoes because the end result was nitric acid in the soil. A
>little
> would have been nice to buffer that aslkaline soil, But I went too far and
> crispied the whole lotl >>
>
>Do you have a write up on your experiment? How did you come to the
>conclusion that you burned the potatoes with "generated" Nitric acid? ... Did
>you consider the posibility that you generated toxic levels of ozone (03)?
> (or some other harsh chemical critter?)
>
>Cheers,
>Craig Thompson
Date: Mon, 21 Oct 1996 19:29:14 +0000
From: blsanden@ucdavis.edu (Blake Sanden)
Subject: Re: Effectiveness of Gypsum and Tensiometers in top 6 inches.
Thanks Alan and Jim Oster for the pertinent remarks on tensiometers!!
Alan, do you have a reference for your osmotic pressure equivalency? Years
ago Don Grimes, UC Extension Specialist at the Kearney Ag Center gave me an
equation for equivalent osmotic stress based on the saturation paste EC
extract and % saturation in the field. Unfortunately, I have lost this
reference. Jim, perhaps you can help.
A saline soil with ECe of say 6 dS/m could conceivably concentrate to 15 or
higher before an irrigation. Using Alan's equation this would only produce
0.6 MPa osmotic pressure or 6 cb 'tension'. This is nothing!! My
increasingly forgetful brain says that this kind of salt level results in
several bars of osmotic potential. Set me straight, gents.
Blake Sanden
UCCE Kern County
>
>As regards the change in osmotic potential, an approximate relationship
>between the EC (dS/m) and the osmotic pressure (kPa) is osmotic pressure
>(kPa) = 40EC @25C. We can let somebody at the Tensiometer group turn
>that into a change in tensiometer reading.
>
>Since my experience with drip has been on rapidly drained soils in warm
>climates where daily irrigation was the norm, I am not familiar with the
>changes that would occur in heavy soils with less frequent irrigations.
>
>Sincerely yours,
>Alan S. Wicks
Date: Mon, 21 Oct 1996 21:16:36 -0800
From: htec@pacifier.com (Dale Kidwell)
Subject: Re: PUMPS ? PIPES ?
>Dear subscribers,
>I have a irrigation problem and would like some expert advise on centrifugal
>pumps and pipe line friction losses .
>I am not sure if my questions will be relevant to trickle irrigation, so
>some correspondence to my personal email address would be greatfully accepted.
>
>Thankyou
>
>ROBERT BERTOLLO rbert@webfront.net.au
>YENDA
>AUSTRALIA
>
Dear Robert
I have been in the irrigation and pumping business for about 20 years. now
that it is raining here in the pacific northwest. I may be of help to you.
Please share your problem with this group. I am sure with all the action on
this site someone will be able to solve your problems>
>
>
End of Digest
>From root@crcnis1.unl.edu Wed Oct 23 00:38 EDT 1996
Date: Tue, 22 Oct 1996 23:25:26 -0500
Message-Id: <199610230425.AA03071@crcnis1.unl.edu>
Subject: TRICKLE-L digest 627
Contents:
Re: Effectiveness of Gypsum and Tensiometers in top 6 inches. (Hortech Services Pty Ltd <hortech@www.ats.com.au>)
Pumps and pipes (robert bertollo <rbert@webfront.net.au>)
Pressure head drop-off formula query ("Bruce Metelerkamp" <BRUCE@mailgate.icfrnet.unp.ac.za>)
Re: Media vs. screen??? (LodiCraig@aol.com)
Tensiometers and things forgotten ("Craig A. Storlie" <storlie@AESOP.RUTGERS.EDU>)
UNSUBSCRIBE (John Malone <john_malone@malone.net>)
Pressure at house ("Dirk Keeler" <Dirk@zianet.com>)
osmotic potentials of salt solutions ("J.D. Oster" <oster@mail.ucr.edu>)
osmotic potentials/tensiometers and gypsum blocks ("J.D. Oster" <oster@mail.ucr.edu>)
unsubscribe (delchiaro_jeff <jeff@mpd.tandem.com>)
Re: Effectiveness of Gypsum and Tensiometers in top 6 inches. (Irrometer@aol.com)
unsubscibe (bhays <bhays@taipan.nmsu.edu>)
unsubscribe (wcs5@cornell.edu (Warren C. Stiles))
Re: Pressure head drop-off formula query (ges@owt.com (Marty Grogan))
Re: Pumps and pipes (Dripigate@aol.com)
Date: Tue, 22 Oct 1996 20:15:59 +1000
From: Hortech Services Pty Ltd <hortech@www.ats.com.au>
Subject: Re: Effectiveness of Gypsum and Tensiometers in top 6 inches.
At 09:24 PM 21/10/96 -0500, you wrote:
>Thanks Alan and Jim Oster for the pertinent remarks on tensiometers!!
>
>Alan, do you have a reference for your osmotic pressure equivalency? Years
>ago Don Grimes, UC Extension Specialist at the Kearney Ag Center gave me an
>equation for equivalent osmotic stress based on the saturation paste EC
>extract and % saturation in the field. Unfortunately, I have lost this
>reference. Jim, perhaps you can help.
>
>A saline soil with ECe of say 6 dS/m could conceivably concentrate to 15 or
>higher before an irrigation. Using Alan's equation this would only produce
>0.6 MPa osmotic pressure or 6 cb 'tension'. This is nothing!! My
>increasingly forgetful brain says that this kind of salt level results in
>several bars of osmotic potential. Set me straight, gents.
>
>Blake Sanden
>UCCE Kern County
>>
If there is a possible effect to tensiometer reading, how now does it effect
the readings obtained from a Gypsum Block ?
A large number of farmers are now looking at fertigation as a main method of
fertilizer application. Many also are irrigating over a confined area
(mini-sprinklers and drip)more frequently. Would you expect to see under
these conditions possible fluctuations in soil chemical properties (eg
conductivity, pH) within a short period of time (eg weekly to monthly)? If
this is so, and based on the comments above and that of Bill Pogue, would
not the Irrigation Full Points and Refill Points set when using Gypsum
Blocks and Tensiometers need constant re-adjustment through out the growing
season ?
Regards
Peter Broomhall
Peter Broomhall
Horticulural Consultant
Hortech Services Pty Ltd
a.c.n. 060 406 957
P.O. Box 370
Kallangur QLD 4503
Australia
P: +61 418 708 573
F: +61 7 3886 0389
hortech@ats.com.au
Date: Tue, 22 Oct 1996 21:37:07 +1000
From: robert bertollo <rbert@webfront.net.au>
Subject: Pumps and pipes
Thankyou for your response on pumps and pipes .
My drip irrigation system is currently overloaded by a corrupted water
source . My pump site is located 500 meters from a clean water source . The
water feeds into a 10 inch main into drip system etc.
It seems the only way to fix the problem is to move the pump site 500 meters
to the clean water source and piping to the main, or will a 500 meter
suction line work ? There is an even fall from the pump site to the clean
water source of 2.5 meters(2.5 m head) . If a suction line works , would any
further power be required to pump the same water. What problems can be
associated with long suction lines (I have always been told , the shorter
the suction, the better)? I am pumping 340 CuM/hr (1530 US g/m)at 50 m
head. What size pipe should I use if sucking 500 m or pumping the 500 m ?
My PUMP -KSB AJAX MEGA 2000 125-250 STD IMP.
thankyou .
Robert
Date: Tue, 22 Oct 1996 13:59:44 +200
From: "Bruce Metelerkamp" <BRUCE@mailgate.icfrnet.unp.ac.za>
Subject: Pressure head drop-off formula query
Could any supply Cliff Simms with a formula or an answer to the
question below? If so, please send directly to him please as he
is not subscribed. Thanks
========
Cliff Sims asks:
Can anyone tell me how to estimate water pressure in a
gravity-fed system. For example I am planning to supply water
from a tank about 40 metres higher than my house thru about 500
metres of 1" pipe.
What pressure can I expect at the house?
Thanks in advance...
--
Cliff Sims Tasman Pulp & Paper Co Ltd,
Email: cliffs@tasman.co.nz New Zealand
Web: http://www.tasman.co.nz/tasman/
Date: Tue, 22 Oct 1996 09:43:50 -0400
From: LodiCraig@aol.com
Subject: Re: Media vs. screen???
The comment was made a while back, as
In a message dated 96-10-15 14:14:11 EDT:
<< In my experience one should never depend on only one filter, of whatever
kind,
to remove all that gunk. Whatever has happened to the concept of
pre-filtering
by various means before a final fine filtation ? >>
And there is exactly why I like sand media filters ... besides being
sacrificial (always cleans itself by letting go) when particularly sticky
contaminants come along ... all sand media filters have a dual filtration
system ... the media ... and the screens that keep the media in place and act
as secondary filters. Stacking different grades of sand give you a
progressive filtration system if needed. Of course, heavy sand brought up by
pumps must be settled or spun of first, else the sand media filters get
jammed with it.
That's my personal preferance anyway... sand media filters.
Cheers,
Craig Thompson
Date: Tue, 22 Oct 1996 10:01:20 -0400
From: "Craig A. Storlie" <storlie@AESOP.RUTGERS.EDU>
Subject: Tensiometers and things forgotten
------ =_NextPart_000_01BBBFFF.FC458200
List:
Thanks for the reeducation!
Learning as we speak,
Craig
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Date: Tue, 22 Oct 1996 09:43:36 -0500
From: John Malone <john_malone@malone.net>
Subject: UNSUBSCRIBE
unsubscribe
Date: Tue, 22 Oct 1996 09:30:03 -0600
From: "Dirk Keeler" <Dirk@zianet.com>
Subject: Pressure at house
Cliff Sims,
You need to give us one more bit of data - At what rate do you want to use
the water? In other words, how many gallons per min (gpm) or cubic meters
per min/sec do you need?
The static pressure (all valves closed) in the pipe you described will be
about 57psi (sorry, pounds per square inch, I'm in the US and don't know
what units you use there, kPa?)
If we had the flow rate we could calculate the loss due to friction and
subtract it from the 57 psi. So the answer is something less than 57psi.
Dirk Keeler
New Mexico Irrigation
Dirk@zianet.com
Date: Tue, 22 Oct 1996 10:19:38 -0500
From: "J.D. Oster" <oster@mail.ucr.edu>
Subject: osmotic potentials of salt solutions
Osmotic potential of salt solutions at 25 C equals 0.4 times electrical
conductivity (EC) when EC is expressed in units of dS/m or mmho/cm; 1 dS/m =
1 mmho/cm. A 6 dS/m salt solution has an osmotic potential of -2.4 bars. At
09:24 PM 10/21/96 -0500, you wrote:
>Thanks Alan and Jim Oster for the pertinent remarks on tensiometers!!
>
>Alan, do you have a reference for your osmotic pressure equivalency? Years
>ago Don Grimes, UC Extension Specialist at the Kearney Ag Center gave me an
>equation for equivalent osmotic stress based on the saturation paste EC
>extract and % saturation in the field. Unfortunately, I have lost this
>reference. Jim, perhaps you can help.
>
>A saline soil with ECe of say 6 dS/m could conceivably concentrate to 15 or
>higher before an irrigation. Using Alan's equation this would only produce
>0.6 MPa osmotic pressure or 6 cb 'tension'. This is nothing!! My
>increasingly forgetful brain says that this kind of salt level results in
>several bars of osmotic potential. Set me straight, gents.
>
>Blake Sanden
>UCCE Kern County
>>
>>As regards the change in osmotic potential, an approximate relationship
>>between the EC (dS/m) and the osmotic pressure (kPa) is osmotic pressure
>>(kPa) = 40EC @25C. We can let somebody at the Tensiometer group turn
>>that into a change in tensiometer reading.
>>
>>Since my experience with drip has been on rapidly drained soils in warm
>>climates where daily irrigation was the norm, I am not familiar with the
>>changes that would occur in heavy soils with less frequent irrigations.
>>
>>Sincerely yours,
>>Alan S. Wicks
>
>
>
J.D.(Jim) Oster
Dept. of Soil & Env. Sciences
University of California
Riverside, CA 92521
Phone (909)787-5100
FAX (909)787-5522
Date: Tue, 22 Oct 1996 10:19:42 -0500
From: "J.D. Oster" <oster@mail.ucr.edu>
Subject: osmotic potentials/tensiometers and gypsum blocks
Osmotic potential/tensiometers: Since salt molecules move freely through the
ceramic, salt concentration gradients across the ceramic DO NOT affect the
tensiometer reading. Put a tensiometer filled with distilled water and
reading 0 cbars into a salt solution of your choice and see if the reading
changes.
Osmotic potential/gypsum blocks. Gypsum blocks are electrical conductivity
cells. The electical resistance to current conductance between the
electrodes depends on the water content of the gypsum block: the dryer the
block the higher the resistance. The resistance also depends on the salt
concentration of the water in the gypsum block. The salt concentration in
the block will equal about 0.015 molar when it is in equilibrium with
distilled water. This is the concentration of a saturated gypsum solution --
a solution in equilibrium with gypsum. This concentration is not fixed: if
the block is exposed to solutions containing any chloride salts (e.g.
calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium chloride), or sodium and
magnesium sulfate, or sodium and magnesium bicarbonate the salt
concentration in the block will increase. The gypsum of the gypsum block
will buffer, to a limited extent, the effects of calcium chloride and will
buffer, to a considerable extent, the effects of calcium bicarbonat.
Sorry for the long bit about inorganic chemistry in the presence of gypsum!
As the concentration increases the resistance to currant conductance between
the electrodes decreases. At 05:10 AM 10/22/96 -0500, you wrote:
>At 09:24 PM 21/10/96 -0500, you wrote:
>>Thanks Alan and Jim Oster for the pertinent remarks on tensiometers!!
>>
>>Alan, do you have a reference for your osmotic pressure equivalency? Years
>>ago Don Grimes, UC Extension Specialist at the Kearney Ag Center gave me an
>>equation for equivalent osmotic stress based on the saturation paste EC
>>extract and % saturation in the field. Unfortunately, I have lost this
>>reference. Jim, perhaps you can help.
>>
>>A saline soil with ECe of say 6 dS/m could conceivably concentrate to 15 or
>>higher before an irrigation. Using Alan's equation this would only produce
>>0.6 MPa osmotic pressure or 6 cb 'tension'. This is nothing!! My
>>increasingly forgetful brain says that this kind of salt level results in
>>several bars of osmotic potential. Set me straight, gents.
>>
>>Blake Sanden
>>UCCE Kern County
>>>
>
>If there is a possible effect to tensiometer reading, how now does it effect
>the readings obtained from a Gypsum Block ?
>
>A large number of farmers are now looking at fertigation as a main method of
>fertilizer application. Many also are irrigating over a confined area
>(mini-sprinklers and drip)more frequently. Would you expect to see under
>these conditions possible fluctuations in soil chemical properties (eg
>conductivity, pH) within a short period of time (eg weekly to monthly)? If
>this is so, and based on the comments above and that of Bill Pogue, would
>not the Irrigation Full Points and Refill Points set when using Gypsum
>Blocks and Tensiometers need constant re-adjustment through out the growing
>season ?
>
>Regards
>
>Peter Broomhall
>
>
>Peter Broomhall
>Horticulural Consultant
>
>Hortech Services Pty Ltd
>a.c.n. 060 406 957
>P.O. Box 370
>Kallangur QLD 4503
>Australia
>
>P: +61 418 708 573
>F: +61 7 3886 0389
>
>hortech@ats.com.au
>
>
J.D.(Jim) Oster
Dept. of Soil & Env. Sciences
University of California
Riverside, CA 92521
Phone (909)787-5100
FAX (909)787-5522
Date: Tue, 22 Oct 1996 11:15:13 -0700
From: delchiaro_jeff <jeff@mpd.tandem.com>
Subject: unsubscribe
unsubscribe jeff@mpd.tandem.com
Date: Tue, 22 Oct 1996 14:27:45 -0400
From: Irrometer@aol.com
Subject: Re: Effectiveness of Gypsum and Tensiometers in top 6 inches.
In a message dated 96-10-22 07:41:00 EDT, Peter Broomhall said:
>If there is a possible effect to tensiometer reading, how now does it effect
>the readings obtained from a Gypsum Block ?
>
>A large number of farmers are now looking at fertigation as a main method of
>fertilizer application. Many also are irrigating over a confined area
>(mini-sprinklers and drip)more frequently. Would you expect to see under
>these conditions possible fluctuations in soil chemical properties (eg
>conductivity, pH) within a short period of time (eg weekly to monthly)? If
>this is so, and based on the comments above and that of Bill Pogue, would
>not the Irrigation Full Points and Refill Points set when using Gypsum
>Blocks and Tensiometers need constant re-adjustment through out the growing
>season ?
>
>
The above message from Peter Broomhall seems to indicate
that this discussion is moving onto a tangent. The tensiometer
"reading" is NOT affected by EC, and thus EC has no effect
whatsoever on the "Full" and "Refill" points of a given soil. The
effect of EC would have an impact on the osmatic potential and
thus the ability of the root system to extract water by limiting
it (even in a soil water condition of "Full"). You can't measure
osmatic potential with a tensiometer, and thus matric potential
is a separate matter (and vice versa). " Gypsum Blocks", since
their method of operation is to measure the electrical resistance
between two electrodes imbedded in the block, can be affected
by EC levels which reached a point wherein the "gypsum" could
no longer function as an adequate buffer. I don't know what that
point is--it likely could vary from one situation to the next (perhaps
also from one "block" to the next). The point is this--if salinity is
a problem it needs to be addressed as a separate, but related,
matter in terms of managing irrigation events and it would require
measurement of and by itself to provide for an adequate leaching
fraction. I think Jim Oster ought to perhaps comment on these
issues of matric potential vs. osmatic potential, tensiometric
vs. electrical resistance, EC vs pH, irrigating to "Fill" vs irrigating
to "leach", EC's of 0.5 vs 5.0, apples vs oranges, Grayeagle vs
Riverside. If you get enough balls in the air even the juggler
could get confused--and I'm not the best juggler (Blake, Jim and
many others would agree to that).
Regards, Bill Pogue, Irrometer Company
Date: Tue, 22 Oct 1996 12:37:09 -0600 (MDT)
From: bhays <bhays@taipan.nmsu.edu>
Subject: unsubscibe
---------- Forwarded message ----------
unsubscribe
Date: Tue, 22 Oct 1996 14:57:56 -0400 (EDT)
From: wcs5@cornell.edu (Warren C. Stiles)
Subject: unsubscribe
unsubscribe wcs5@cornell.edu
Date: Tue, 22 Oct 1996 12:52:31 -0700
From: ges@owt.com (Marty Grogan)
Subject: Re: Pressure head drop-off formula query
>Could any supply Cliff Simms with a formula or an answer to the
>question below? If so, please send directly to him please as he
>is not subscribed. Thanks
>========
>
>Cliff Sims asks:
>
>Can anyone tell me how to estimate water pressure in a
>gravity-fed system. For example I am planning to supply water
>from a tank about 40 metres higher than my house thru about 500
>metres of 1" pipe.
>What pressure can I expect at the house?
>Thanks in advance...
>--
>Cliff Sims Tasman Pulp & Paper Co Ltd,
>Email: cliffs@tasman.co.nz New Zealand
>Web: http://www.tasman.co.nz/tasman/
>
The specific density of water is about one gram per ml. A one meter column
of water presents one kilogram/cm^2 pressure at the base of the column. In
English units, water weighs about 62.4 pounds/ft^3. Therefore, a one-foot
column of water presents 62.4/144 pounds per in^2 at its base.
The static pressure at the base of a column of water, measured in feet,
regardless of the crosssection of the column, is approximately 1/2 psi/ft.
The 40 meters elevation difference presents a maximum base pressure of 40
kg/cm^2, nearly 60 psi.
Given the viscosity of water, unrestricted flow should provide about 10-15
gpm at the low end.
Date: Wed, 23 Oct 1996 00:27:26 -0400
From: Dripigate@aol.com
Subject: Re: Pumps and pipes
A considerable mix!in Puping plant. I am surprised Mather and Platt are not
involved. Basically is the problem a "pumping problem?" or is it a water
quality problem, Essentially if the pump sump and pumping condition are
attended to then the water quality can be addressed prior to injection to the
drip system. My experience i s, that it is far more practical to adress the
water quality issue prior to pumping!
End of Digest
>From root@crcnis1.unl.edu Thu Oct 24 00:51 EDT 1996
Date: Wed, 23 Oct 1996 23:27:15 -0500
Message-Id: <199610240427.AA01129@crcnis1.unl.edu>
Subject: TRICKLE-L digest 628
Contents:
Re: Media vs. screen??? (Dripigate@aol.com)
Water Reuse Association of California (Manrique Brenes <mjbrenes@ucdavis.edu>)
Drip lateral movement (Yan.Diczbalis@DPIF.nt.gov.au)
Re: Water Reuse Association of California (Scott Matyac <scott_matyac@water.ca.gov>)
Re: Effectiveness of Gypsum and Tensiometers in top 6 inches. ("Alan S. Wicks" <awicks@televar.com>)
Re: Drip lateral movement (Rodney Ruskin <geoflow1@slip.net>)
An international meeting: Call for papers (Richard Mead <rmead@asrr.arsusda.gov>)
Re: Media vs. screen??? (Jean Piaget <henri@ilink.nis.za>)
Re: Drip lateral movement (Richard Mead <rmead@cybergate.com>)
Re: An international meeting: Call for papers (Jomaa Ben-Hassine <jbh@worldnet.att.net>)
Re: Drip lateral movement ("Alan S. Wicks" <awicks@televar.com>)
Trickle Irrigation of Apples ("John A. Cline" <ac620@freenet.hamilton.on.ca>)
Re: Effectiveness of Gypsum and Tensiometers in top 6 inches. (Hortech Services Pty Ltd <hortech@www.ats.com.au>)
Re: Drip lateral movement (ges@owt.com (Marty Grogan))
Re: Air injection (GroAire@aol.com)
Date: Wed, 23 Oct 1996 00:30:01 -0400
From: Dripigate@aol.com
Subject: Re: Media vs. screen???
In a message dated 96-10-22 09:52:35 EDT, you write:
>g
I have at my dispossal the latest from the Israeli Water Works Institute a
"clogging potetial meter" I will be happy to share this technology with you.
Date: Tue, 22 Oct 1996 22:37:43 -0700
From: Manrique Brenes <mjbrenes@ucdavis.edu>
Subject: Water Reuse Association of California
I would appreciate it if someone could tell me how to contact the Water =
Reuse Association of California. Specifically I would like to get a =
copy of the Survey for Future Water Recycling Potential (final report, =
July 1993).
Thanks.
Manrique Brenes
Bio & Ag Eng
UC Davis
Date: Wed, 23 Oct 1996 17:11:34 +0930
From: Yan.Diczbalis@DPIF.nt.gov.au
Subject: Drip lateral movement
Dear Subscribers,
We are planing an experiment to evaluate drip irrigation vs
microsprinkler in mango. The trial will commence at planting.
The question we pose is; Do emitters of a lower flow rate have a
smaller wetted area?? The soil texture at the site is sandy loam
progressing to a sandy clay loam. The answers to the question will
determine whether we control irrigation inputs by time or emitter flow
rate.
look forward to your thoughts
Yan Diczbalis and Chris Wicks
Horticulture Division
Northern Territory Dept of Primary Industry and Fisheries
Australia
Date: Wed, 23 Oct 1996 07:00:12 -0400
From: Scott Matyac <scott_matyac@water.ca.gov>
Subject: Re: Water Reuse Association of California
At 12:29 AM 10/23/96 -0500, you wrote:
>I would appreciate it if someone could tell me how to contact the Water =
>Reuse Association of California. Specifically I would like to get a =
>copy of the Survey for Future Water Recycling Potential (final report, =
>July 1993).
>Thanks.
>
>Manrique Brenes
>Bio & Ag Eng
>UC Davis
>
>
>
>
Here is the address and telephone number:
WATEREUSE
915 L STREET,
SUITE 1000
SACRAMENTO, CA
95814-3701
916) 442-2746
or visit their web site:
http://www.watereuse.org/h2o/
Best regards,
-Scott
-------------------------------------------------------
J. Scott Matyac
Division of Planning
California Department of Water Resources
scott_matyac@water.ca.gov (916) 654-6265 fax 653-6077
Date: Wed, 23 Oct 1996 08:45:51 -0700
From: "Alan S. Wicks" <awicks@televar.com>
Subject: Re: Effectiveness of Gypsum and Tensiometers in top 6 inches.
Greetings,
Re EC and affect on plant growth. A good reference for this is the
American Society of Civil Engineers book titled "Agricultural Salinity
Assessment and Management". That is Manual #71 copyright 1990 ISBN
0-87262-762-4. The main office is at 345 East 47th St., New York, NY
10017. I don't remember the price, but I have found it invaluable in
understanding salinity and sodicity affects and effects in agriculture
and how to assess and handle the problems.
Since you are at UC Davis this volume should be in the library.
The reference to the osmotic potential as a function of EC is discussed
on the bottom of page 221.
I also appreciate the clarification on tensiometers and osmotic
potential.
Sincerely yours,
Alan S. Wicks
Date: Wed, 23 Oct 1996 10:32:34 -0700
From: Rodney Ruskin <geoflow1@slip.net>
Subject: Re: Drip lateral movement
At 02:44 AM 10/23/96 -0500, Yan.Diczbalis@DPIF.nt.gov.au wrote:
> Dear Subscribers,
>
> We are planing an experiment to evaluate drip irrigation vs
> microsprinkler in mango. The trial will commence at planting.
> The question we pose is; Do emitters of a lower flow rate have a
> smaller wetted area?? The soil texture at the site is sandy loam
> progressing to a sandy clay loam. The answers to the question will
> determine whether we control irrigation inputs by time or emitter flow
> rate.
Reply:
Maybe it all depends on definitions of your words.
If you are experimenting with interest in the effect on disease of different
technologies then I would suggest that you consider subsurface drip
irrigation (SDI) rather than on the surface drip. Refer for example to work
by Dr. Goldhamer (UC Davis) on Atanaria (late blight) in pistachios.
With subsurface drip we must now consider wetted volume and wetted surface
area of the wetted volume as well as wetted radius of the wetted vloume. If
you pulse the irrigation cycles at no more than one hour per pulse from work
by our leader Dr. Richard Mead and others at USDA/ARS, Fresno you can expect
a 46% greater volume, 62% greater surface area and 10% less radius with SDI
than pulsed surface drip. The idea is to allow the capiliary forces to carry
the water away, and to minimize the forces of gravity. Hence a slower flow
rate from the dripper is bound to be better, but if the pulse length was
adjusted to apply the same amount of water per pulse I do not believe that
the differences will be substantial except on sandy soils. This last
statement is an opinion unsupported by data.
Rodney Ruskin
geoflow1@slip.net
Date: Wed, 23 Oct 1996 20:02:16 GMT
From: Richard Mead <rmead@asrr.arsusda.gov>
Subject: An international meeting: Call for papers
A new subscriber to Trickle-L (Jomaa Ben-Hassine) would like to announce a
call for papers
for an international meeting in Tunisia next year.
Jomaa was having some trouble with email addresses and posting to the group,
so I thought
I'd post his announcement for him while his subscribing process is being
repaired.
Incidentally, I think Jomaa is the first participant on Trickle-L from North
Africa.
Welcome !
R. Mead
Trickle-L owner/manager
------------------------------------------------------------------
Call for Papers
THE TUNISIAN WATER FORUM
Water resources development, protection, management, economy,
conservation, forecasting and technology
Organized by
Tunisian Institute for Strategic Studies (ITES)
and
Tunisian Scientific Consortium (TSC)
July 16-18, 1997
Tunis, Tunisia
URL: <http://www.menet.umn.edu/~TSC/TWF>
Water is a resource that is key to the survival of mankind, nations and
all living organisms. Many factors are negatively impacting the
availability of this vital resource in clean, life-sustaining forms.
Water is particularly important to North African and Middle Eastern
countries where the environment is arid or semi-arid, the climate is dry
and the available water resources are scarce, over-taxed and quite-often
severely damaged by pollution. Particularly for these countries, water
is a strategic resource that must be developed, protected and
well-managed.
The Tunisian Water Forum (TWF) is an opportunity to present latest
technology and research in various aspects of water resources
development, protection and management. It is a forum for debating
policy matters relative to such pressing issues as water conservation
and environmental protection. It is also an opportunity to present the
latest technological developments in such fields as energy-efficient
desalination processes, artificial precipitation, groundwater pollution
remediation, integrated environmental management systems, used water
recycling, geographic information systems applications and effective use
of modern networking technology in water-related fields. Finally, the
forum will address the issues of water costing, pricing and
value-adding.
Organizers
The Tunisian Institute for Strategic Studies (ITES) is a public
institution acting under the oversight of the office of the President of
Tunisia. Its mission is to carry out research, studies, analysis and
forecasting regarding short and longer-term horizons for all issues
related to various national and international phenomena that are liable
to affect the process of development of Tunisia in all fields-
political, economic, social and cultural.
The Tunisian Scientific Consortium (TSC) is a non-government,
not-for-profit scientific organization of Tunisian scientists around the
world. It was established in May 1995 and now counts more than 200
members that are active researchers or professionals in Europe, North
America, Tunisia and Asia.
Potential Sponsors and Co-organizers
Ministry of Economic Development, Ministry of Agriculture (SONEDE, DRE),
Ministry of Environment (ANPE, ONTEAT), Ministry of Social Affairs
(OTE), Institut Mediterrann=E9 de l=92Eau (France), United Nations
Development Programme (UNDP) and other national, regional and
international development institutions and firms with research and
development activities.
Topics/Issues
Groundwater resources: artificial recharge of groundwater, groundwater
quality control and seawater intrusion, water level control and
measurement;
Surface water resources: river basin management, reservoir
development, silt control, watersheds, cloud seeding and artificial
precipitation. Of particular interest are case studies and experiences
in countries and regions with characteristics similar to Tunisias;
Other water resources: used water treatment and uses, desalination
processes and energy-efficient desalination technology.
Water Economics: pricing/costing, value added, public education,
demand management, transfer loss, water markets;
Irrigation: efficient irrigation technology in arid and semi-arid
environments, irrigation network technology and efficiency, irrigated
crops management, yield per cubic meter;
Environmental issues: risk assessment in water pollution clean up,
preventing groundwater pollution from septic systems and other common
sources, ecological impacts, remediation of polluted groundwater;
Computer Tools: water modeling (econometric, integrated,..), Water
Information Systems, decision support systems, Geographic Information
Systems, integrated Environmental Management Systems (EMS).
Program
-Lectures by invited international and national experts and technical
presentations by active researchers;
-Parallel round table and panel discussions on critical issues;
-Exhibition of water and environment-related products & services by
international and local firms;
-Exhibition of innovative national and international programs and
projects. Sample national programs include those by SONEDE, DRE and DGR
for the Ministry of Agriculture and ANPE and ONTEAT from the Ministry of
the Environment.
-Site visit to a water-related facility such as a dam under
construction or a wastewater treatment facility.
Participants & Target Audience
The TWF is open to all international and national experts working in
fields related to water with an interest in the issues and topics
mentioned above. A strong presence from Tunisian policy makers,
municipal leaders and professionals is expected. International experts
and high level policy makers from North African and Middle Eastern
countries will be invited to attend. The exhibition, which will be
organized during this event, will be a golden opportunity for
international and national firms to present their water and
environment-related products and services.
To Submit Papers or for More Information:
International experts, water specialists, researchers and graduate
students are invited to submit abstracts for papers dealing with any of
the topics described above. Papers can be in English, French or Arabic.
Abstracts shall be in French and English. Abstracts (300-400 words)
along with biographies of the authors shall be received by January 15,
1997. Final versions of the papers shall be received in duplicates by
April 15, 1997. To send abstracts and papers and for further
information, please write to:
ITES
85 Avenue de la Libert
Tunis 1002, Tunisia
Fax: +216 (1) 802 377
E-mail: ites@ites.rnrt.tn
or
TSC-Tunisian Water Forum
P. O. Box 13238
Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
Fax: +1 (612) 624-5230 (Att. Salim Khemakhem)
E-mail: TSC-1@me.umn.edu
Date: Wed, 23 Oct 1996 22:27:17 GMT
From: Jean Piaget <henri@ilink.nis.za>
Subject: Re: Media vs. screen???
At 08:39 AM 10/22/96 -0500, you wrote:
>The comment was made a while back, as
>In a message dated 96-10-15 14:14:11 EDT:
>
><< In my experience one should never depend on only one filter, of whatever
>kind,
> to remove all that gunk. Whatever has happened to the concept of
>pre-filtering
> by various means before a final fine filtation ? >>
>
>And there is exactly why I like sand media filters ... besides being
>sacrificial (always cleans itself by letting go) when particularly sticky
>contaminants come along ... all sand media filters have a dual filtration
>system ... the media ... and the screens that keep the media in place and act
>as secondary filters. Stacking different grades of sand give you a
>progressive filtration system if needed. Of course, heavy sand brought up by
>pumps must be settled or spun of first, else the sand media filters get
>jammed with it.
>
>That's my personal preferance anyway... sand media filters.
>
>Cheers,
>Craig Thompson
>
>Hi Craig, I made that remark because the surface of sand filters can become
so covered with gunk that backwashing becomes less and less efective and
interval shorter and shorter. Not an ideal situation. But we must agree to
disagree as we each have our own quality of irrigation water to deal with.
However,if you stack the filter with different grades of sand- how do you
keep the layers seperated after backwashing has stirred everything about?
Someone also mentioned that the sand has to be changed every year as it
becomes rounded. I have looked at many sands after a year and have never
seen that happening.Have you? If sand should wear out that fast we would not
have many sandy beaches left! Jean
Date: Wed, 23 Oct 1996 20:41:05 GMT
From: Richard Mead <rmead@cybergate.com>
Subject: Re: Drip lateral movement
Rodney and others interested.
Thanks for the plug Rodney, but Claude Phene and Jiftah Ben-Asher should get
the credit
for doing research on wetted areas/volumes of both SI and SDI.
There is a diagram on the Microirrigation Forum web site which explains this
basic concept.
Check out http://www.cybergate.com/~rmead/sdivdi.html
>From that diagram I combined the information that Phene/Ben-Asher had along with
a paper called "Potential of Subsurface Drip Irrigation for Management of
Nitrate in Wastewater"
authored by C.J. Phene and R. Ruskin. This can be found on p 155-167 of the
Proceedings of
Microirrigation for a Changing World, 5th International Microirrigation
Congress, an ASAE publication.
Also, regarding: >If you pulse the irrigation cycles at no more than one
hour per pulse...<
I think this applies to small fields on loam type soils. I don't think it
would apply with
large fields with heavy clay soil. The attempt at high frequency might be
diluted by lower distribution uniformities on long runs (>250 meters). One
mm applications
like Claude recommends, 'might' be too frequent to sustain a good D.U.
However, the idea of small doses per time to match daily ET is the way to go.
Drip experts such as Tim Hertz (sp?) think high frequency is bogus.
We need to address this issue openly one of these days!
Richard Mead
Trickle-L owner/manager
Date: Wed, 23 Oct 1996 21:11:57 +0000
From: Jomaa Ben-Hassine <jbh@worldnet.att.net>
Subject: Re: An international meeting: Call for papers
At 08:05 PM 10/23/96 +0000, you wrote:
>A new subscriber to Trickle-L (Jomaa Ben-Hassine) would like to announce a
>call for papers
>for an international meeting in Tunisia next year.
>Jomaa was having some trouble with email addresses and posting to the group,
>so I thought
>I'd post his announcement for him while his subscribing process is being
>repaired.
>
>Incidentally, I think Jomaa is the first participant on Trickle-L from North
>Africa.
>Welcome !
>
>R. Mead
>Trickle-L owner/manager
Thank you Dr. Mead for reposting the CFP and for the welcome.
I wanted to be on this list primarily for self-education. I am also on a few
other lists related to water and the environment. My formal background is in
Geotechnical/Structural Engineering (FEM applications) but I have interests
in environmental issues and GIS applications (and computer applications in
general).
I hope there will be many contributions to the Tunisian Water Forum,
particularly in the area of irrigation in arid and semi-arid climates
(something Tunisia and California share by both having Mediterranean climate).
I look forward to being on Tricle-L and I hope this message makes it.
Sincerely,
Jomaa Ben-Hassine.
Date: Wed, 23 Oct 1996 16:02:26 -0700
From: "Alan S. Wicks" <awicks@televar.com>
Subject: Re: Drip lateral movement
>Drip experts such as Tim Hertz (sp?) think high frequency is bogus.
>We need to address this issue openly one of these days!
Maybe you are referring to Tim Hartz? the veg extension specialist at
UC Davis.
I agree, the concept of high frequency pulse irrigation is an
interesting topic and I would like to hear more about it. Especially
since I have problems, even with high flow buried tape, moving the water
laterally 45 cm in eight hours (measured at 15cm depth with a
tensiometer). Also, how does this practice affect the 'spoon-feeding'
of vegetable crops where one is applying nitrogen daily?
Sincerely yours,
Alan S. Wicks
Date: Wed, 23 Oct 1996 19:27:52 -0400 (EDT)
From: "John A. Cline" <ac620@freenet.hamilton.on.ca>
Subject: Trickle Irrigation of Apples
I am planning on establishing a multi-site trickle irrigation trial for
apples in Southern Ontario in 1997, and amongst other things, would like
to investigate irrigation scheduling (3/4 potential ET, TDR- applied
daily, TDR- applied weekly) emitter type (drip vs sprinkler), and
fertigation. Since these sites will be established on grower orchards, I
will need to have the irrigation scheduling automated. Is anyone on this
list aware of products that are currently commercially available and that
are flexible enough to modifiy for research purposes? For example, I am
considering purchasing a Campbell Scientific logger and weather sensors,
TDR sensors, and programming the system from 'scratch'. This approach
could be rather time consuming and would likely require 'debugging' that
could compromise the quality of the experiment. A pupose-built product may
be more desirable if available.
One further question - Is it feasible and relatively easy to install an
automated irrigation scheduling system when the main water line is not
always pressurized (ie, using pond water etc)?
Any comments or suggestions would be most appreciated.
... John Cline, Research Scientist TEL: 519-426-7120
... Horticultural Research Institute of Ontario FAX: 519-426-1225 ...
... Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food EMAIL: ClineJ@gov.on.ca ...
... P.O. Box 587 (Blueline and Hwy#3) ...
... Simcoe, Ontario N3Y 4N5 Canada ...
Date: Thu, 24 Oct 1996 10:03:33 +1000
From: Hortech Services Pty Ltd <hortech@www.ats.com.au>
Subject: Re: Effectiveness of Gypsum and Tensiometers in top 6 inches.
At 11:07 AM 23/10/96 -0500, you wrote:
>Greetings,
>Re EC and affect on plant growth. A good reference for this is the
>American Society of Civil Engineers book titled "Agricultural Salinity
>Assessment and Management". That is Manual #71 copyright 1990 ISBN
>0-87262-762-4. The main office is at 345 East 47th St., New York, NY
>10017. I don't remember the price, but I have found it invaluable in
>understanding salinity and sodicity affects and effects in agriculture
>and how to assess and handle the problems.
>
>Since you are at UC Davis this volume should be in the library.
>
>The reference to the osmotic potential as a function of EC is discussed
>on the bottom of page 221.
>
>I also appreciate the clarification on tensiometers and osmotic
>potential.
>
>Sincerely yours,
>Alan S. Wicks
>
>
>
I thank all those which responded to my questions. The discussion has been
most informative.
Many Thanks
Peter Broomhall
Peter Broomhall
Horticulural Consultant
Hortech Services Pty Ltd
a.c.n. 060 406 957
P.O. Box 370
Kallangur QLD 4503
Australia
P: +61 418 708 573
F: +61 7 3886 0389
hortech@ats.com.au
Date: Wed, 23 Oct 1996 17:11:49 -0700
From: ges@owt.com (Marty Grogan)
Subject: Re: Drip lateral movement
> Dear Subscribers,
>
> We are planing an experiment to evaluate drip irrigation vs
> microsprinkler in mango. The trial will commence at planting.
> The question we pose is; Do emitters of a lower flow rate have a
> smaller wetted area?? The soil texture at the site is sandy loam
> progressing to a sandy clay loam. The answers to the question will
> determine whether we control irrigation inputs by time or emitter flow
> rate.
>
> look forward to your thoughts
>
>
> Yan Diczbalis and Chris Wicks
> Horticulture Division
> Northern Territory Dept of Primary Industry and Fisheries
> Australia
>
>
Why not control by measuring soil moisture?
Date: Wed, 23 Oct 1996 21:24:28 -0400
From: GroAire@aol.com
Subject: Re: Air injection
In the previous experiment the jacobs ladder was run 24 hours a day with
constant air injection. In a controlled experiment, two alternative
experimental groups would be suggested.
1. 2 hours of operation per day - 7 days per week
2. 2 hours of operation per day - 2 days per week
This would give an indicator as to the proper levels of gas injection from
the jacobs ladder based on Ph of soils and water. I wish I could remember the
exact chemical reaction that had the nitric acid as the final product. The
experiment was performed closer to ten years ago and the other participant
who would remember those details passed away about 18 months ago. It might be
possible for me to contact Nyle C. Brady as he summers in Manassa, Colorado.
Mr. Brady is one of the world's top Agronomists and writes several of the
textbooks used in colleges across the nation.
He has been observing one of my installations near his summer home with great
intrest. He might have relocated to his winter home which I'm not sure of the
location.
Surely, there would be some agronomists who might be able to provide some
basis
of chemical reactionsd in the soil. Once we had the basis for investigation,
then we could apply for grant money through a number of resources in your
locale to perform the experiment.
Dave Enyeart
End of Digest
>From root@crcnis1.unl.edu Fri Oct 25 00:40 EDT 1996
Date: Thu, 24 Oct 1996 23:27:25 -0500
Message-Id: <199610250427.AA29947@crcnis1.unl.edu>
Subject: TRICKLE-L digest 629
Contents:
Re: Water Reuse Association of California ("M. Meron" <MERON@migal.co.il>)
Re: Water Reuse Association of California ("M. Meron" <MERON@migal.co.il>)
Re: Trickle Irrigation of Apples ("M. Meron" <MERON@migal.co.il>)
Re: Trickle Irrigation of Apples ("W. Bryan Smith" <wsmth@clemson.edu>)
Re: Trickle Irrigation of Apples/Helpful Products for your (Clem Wehner <cww@pacificcoast.net>)
CO2 injection (LRP@ICON.LAL.UFL.EDU)
Re: John Cline/Apples/Helpful Products for your (Clem Wehner <cww@pacificcoast.net>)
unsubscribe (polson@orednet.org (Phil Olson))
Re: CO2 injection (sjef@nelson.planet.org.nz)
Re: CO2 injection ("J.D. Oster" <oster@mail.ucr.edu>)
Re: CO2 injection (GroAire@aol.com)
Date: Thu, 24 Oct 1996 09:30:58 GMT+0200
From: "M. Meron" <MERON@migal.co.il>
Subject: Re: Water Reuse Association of California
Me too.
=========================================================================
MIGAL Galilee Technology Center Crop Ecology Laboratory
Kiryat Shmona PO Box 90 000 Rosh Pina 12 100 ISRAEL
Phone +972-6-953559 Fax: +972-6-944980 Email: MERON@migal.co.il
=========================================================================
Date: Thu, 24 Oct 1996 09:31:41 GMT+0200
From: "M. Meron" <MERON@migal.co.il>
Subject: Re: Water Reuse Association of California
> I would appreciate it if someone could tell me how to contact the Water =
> Reuse Association of California. Specifically I would like to get a =
> copy of the Survey for Future Water Recycling Potential (final report, =
> July 1993).
> Thanks.
>
> Manrique Brenes
> Bio & Ag Eng
> UC Davis
>
>
>
Me too
M. Meron
=========================================================================
MIGAL Galilee Technology Center Crop Ecology Laboratory
Kiryat Shmona PO Box 90 000 Rosh Pina 12 100 ISRAEL
Phone +972-6-953559 Fax: +972-6-944980 Email: MERON@migal.co.il
=========================================================================
Date: Thu, 24 Oct 1996 10:25:55 GMT+0200
From: "M. Meron" <MERON@migal.co.il>
Subject: Re: Trickle Irrigation of Apples
We are running here a similar setup in an Apple orchard for four years
now. It is a combination of soil water data acquisition and processing
with a Campbel 21X and irrigation control with a MOTOROLA MIR 5000
controller (now superseded with IRRINET).
Initial results were published in the proceedings of the 5th
Microirrigation Congress.
For additional details you can contact me directly.
M. Meron
=========================================================================
MIGAL Galilee Technology Center Crop Ecology Laboratory
Kiryat Shmona PO Box 90 000 Rosh Pina 12 100 ISRAEL
Phone +972-6-953559 Fax: +972-6-944980 Email: MERON@migal.co.il
=========================================================================
Date: Thu, 24 Oct 1996 09:10:42 -0500
From: "W. Bryan Smith" <wsmth@clemson.edu>
Subject: Re: Trickle Irrigation of Apples
John,
It is feasible and relatively simple to install automated drip
irrigation on pond and well systems where the line is not constantly
pressurized (the company I worked for previously has been doing it
for over 15 or 20 years now). That company - and I'm sure many
others - have any number of multi-pump stations installed on ponds to
provide varying flows for different water demands.
Something you might look at - Programmable Language Controllers
(PLCs) for your control. A friend sets these up - his comment is,
"If you can think it up and get the right sensors you can probably do
it with a PLC." His company was previously using Motorola computers
before trying PLCs. They are using all PLCs now. The PLC comes
"dumb" - you provide all programming for its operation. Not as hard
as it sounds, especially since you can use a laptop to
save/modify/re-install the program if needed (and it reportedly can
even be done using phone lines or radio - no need to visit the field).
Bryan
> Date: Wed, 23 Oct 1996 18:21:41 -0500
> Reply-to: <trickle-l@unl.edu>
> From: "John A. Cline" <ac620@freenet.hamilton.on.ca>
> To: Multiple recipients of list <trickle-l@unl.edu>
> Subject: Trickle Irrigation of Apples
> I am planning on establishing a multi-site trickle irrigation trial for
> apples in Southern Ontario in 1997, and amongst other things, would like
> to investigate irrigation scheduling (3/4 potential ET, TDR- applied
> daily, TDR- applied weekly) emitter type (drip vs sprinkler), and
> fertigation. Since these sites will be established on grower orchards, I
> will need to have the irrigation scheduling automated. Is anyone on this
> list aware of products that are currently commercially available and that
> are flexible enough to modifiy for research purposes? For example, I am
> considering purchasing a Campbell Scientific logger and weather sensors,
> TDR sensors, and programming the system from 'scratch'. This approach
> could be rather time consuming and would likely require 'debugging' that
> could compromise the quality of the experiment. A pupose-built product may
> be more desirable if available.
>
> One further question - Is it feasible and relatively easy to install an
> automated irrigation scheduling system when the main water line is not
> always pressurized (ie, using pond water etc)?
>
> Any comments or suggestions would be most appreciated.
>
> ... John Cline, Research Scientist TEL: 519-426-7120
> ... Horticultural Research Institute of Ontario FAX: 519-426-1225 ...
> ... Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food EMAIL: ClineJ@gov.on.ca ...
> ... P.O. Box 587 (Blueline and Hwy#3) ...
> ... Simcoe, Ontario N3Y 4N5 Canada ...
>
>
>
>
>
--------------------------------------------------
W. Bryan Smith
Area Extension Agent - Irrigation / Water Quality
Clemson Extension Service
P.O. Box 160
Newberry, South Carolina 29108
USA
Office: 803 276-1091 FAX: 803 276-1095
Internet: wsmth@clemson.edu
--------------------------------------------------
All opinions are my own and not reflective of the
policies of Clemson University or the Cooperative
Extension Service.
Date: Thu, 24 Oct 1996 08:12:12 -0700 (PDT)
From: Clem Wehner <cww@pacificcoast.net>
Subject: Re: Trickle Irrigation of Apples/Helpful Products for your
Dear John Cline:
I'm forwarding, your request to two interested and helpful parties,
who have products and knowledge that are currently commercially
available and that are flexible enough for research purposes.
They could be beneficial to your multi-site irrigation trial.
1) Gabel Corporation, Victoria, B.C. has a TDR soil moisture
measuring instrument (called Moisture Point) as well as weather
sensors and automated weather stations. (I believe the University
of Guelph in your province of Ontario has one or more Moisture
Point units). Suggest you email or call:
Mike Sly, Gabel Corporation, Victoria, B.C.: 250-479-6588 tel.; or
fax: 250-479-1412; email <gabel@amtsgi.bc.ca>.
2) Wing'd Pump & Associates, Victoria, B.C. have successfully completed
tests and trials and are now commercialising their F3P (full
name: Flutter Float Force Pump). This is a wind powered device that sits
in a pond or reservoir and uses wind power (as low as 3 knots) to move
water for irrigation puposes. Just yesterday I received by email a
description of the F3P which I will include in this message to you. Suggest
you call:
Simon Farthing, Ph.D. in Victoria, B.C.: 250-656-3478 or send
him an email at <ut038@freenet.victoria.bc.ca>. Besides the F3P, which
he developed, he might be able to help you with the fluid dynamics of
your irrigation system.
If you have difficulty reaching the persons or companies I mentioned, please
get in touch with me in Victoria, B.C.: Phone and Fax, 250-383-1959 or
email <cww@pacificcoast.net>.
Yours truly,
Clem Wehner C. Wehner & Associates
Marketing Consultants International
Victoria, B.C., Canada V8W 3P9
------------------------------ 0 -------------------------------
Here's the description of the F3P. Somewhat technical and
lengthy but comprehensive. You can get performance figures
(pumping capacity) and costs from Dr. Farthing.
Your initial, John Cline, email enquiry to the trickle listserv
follows the F3P description.
------------------------------ 0 -------------------------------------
Introducing the FLOATING Flutter Force PUMP F3P
A Totally NEW Concept in Surface Water Pumping by Windpower
..Unprecedented SILENT Pumping POWER as low as 3 knots
..INHERENT High Wind PROTECTION - feathers into blast
..SUBMERGED Cylinders always PRIMED with submerged intake
..BUILT-IN AIR BAG smoothes flow for easy overland piping
..EASY to Move to IRRIGATE all around lake with least pipes
..INSTALLS & Maintains without CLIMBS or POWER LIFTING
..can PUMP aerated surface water downwards to destratify.
Visuals:
Side & Stern Views Projected Performance
(Diagrams and Captions)
Technical Description:
The F3P relates to transporting surface water whereas
the W3P (the land-based version of the flutter concept)
relates to lifting water from wells: both machines use
the principle of to pump with windpower--effectively.
Comparitive Notes:
Conventional surface pumps and their motors are set up
on shore and suck water from an intake submerged at a fixed
depth or while mounted on a float. The combination of an air
leak into the pump or intake line and a leak in the intake
foot valve can quickly drain the inlet when the pump is off.
Manual repriming is required for each run of the pump.
In comparison, the F3P floats the entire windpump; so suction,
and its attendant priming and cavitation problems, are totally
avoided thereby providing reliable and automatic operation.
Furthermore, with respect to turning in and into the wind --
which requires good mechanical bearings on land -- these actions,
on water, are facilitated by freely floating motions. Moreover,
on lakes and slow-moving rivers, a floating windpump is exposed
to better winds and can be easily moved about to serve several
irrigators and fields without extensive and costly on-shore piping.
Similarly, as with the W3P (land-based wind-driven device),
a wing turns about the top of a spar projecting upwards. But in
the case of the waterborne machine the wing is on the stern-end
of a standard steel cylindrical tank which forms the F3P's hull.
The tank is ballasted by pouring a calculated weight of liquid-mix
cement and aggregate fines through the tank inlet hole and allowing
the concrete to set while the tank is slightly nose down and the
spar straight up. The greater volume of cement in the bow compensates
for the weight of the spar and wing at the stern; thus, the hull
floats level, half immersed. Bolts, pre-welded so they project from
the tank's ends underwater allow trimming the support vessel by means
of external steel plates. This simple arrangement serves as the
mechanism's basic oscillator: the round hull easily rolls in the
water at anchor whilst the wing twists back and forth around the spar.
Design criteria require that a) the pump must NOT impede the hull's
return to upright or dampen an incipient oscillation, b) the pump MUST
act as an endstop to limit the roll swing away from vertical, short of
wing contact with the water; and c) the pump must supply water ASHORE
at various heads. These design criteria led to a pump catamaran at the
stern of the hull with bearings below the crossbeams on a
steel pipe axle projecting from the bottom of the spar on
the hull center. Rocker beams pivoting above each float are
increasingly depressed by a roller in the middle of the
spar as the hull rolls away from vertical. The angle of
contact progresses from glancing to square on and the moment
arm also decreases for a very strong increase in movement
with angle of roll. In all, a very efficient, inexpensive water
delivery system.
At work, propelled by breezes or strong winds, the F3P's
rocker beams push the pistons and the water below them down
cylinders hung from the assembly's crossbeams then through
elbows into a totally submerged crosspipe. The pipe's
endcaps have non-return flap valves inside over their entry holes.
An internal airbag smoothes individual pumping strokes from alternate
ends. This makes water output continuous through an underside port.
Air from the internal bag can flow through a hose into one of
the pontoon tanks the latter serving as an air reservoir. The
cylinder bottoms have inlet flap valves that open to the surrounding
water. Incoming, replacement water pushes each piston upward as its
rocker beam is re-elevated by a counterweight over the pontoon on the
other side of a hinge.
From the port the smoothed output travels in a pipe underneath
the rolling hull to a elbow in the anchor line. The bowline angles
down from the center of the bow face to an eye on the top of the
elbow where a buoy is also attached. The elbow is followed
immediately by a vertical pipe union that is locked by setscrews
to form a swivel, and then by another elbow into a submerged
polyetheylene pipeline directed horizontally to shore. The lower
elbow may be the top of a solid anchor block in shallow ponds or
chained to multiple anchors when in very deep waters.
The tailvanes which keep the hull aligned with the
wind direction are mounted on the pontoons so as not to dampen
the roll of the hull or require it to counterbalance them plus
the wing. Standard plywood sheets, their lengthwise edges water-
sealed, can be hung just above the water to gain aspect ratio
yet act unimpeded, clear of the wing's path.
The front crossbeam has hooks on either side which
latch the spar roller root if it contacts them in an
excessive swing due to pump failure. This holds the wing
safely immobile and signals to the irrigator to come and repair
the pump. Just as in the W3P (land-based) this locked position is
also used when mounting the wing onto the spar. In practice, a
single, unilateral pump failure event will usually cause corresponding,
telegraphed assymetric rolling in most winds yet with some water
output retained.
All the bearings below the wing are UHMW journals on
chromed pipes (roller and rocker pivots) or stainless
sleeves (catamaran-hull axle underwater). The double flanged
UHMW roller runs on an aluminum strip on the top of the
rocker beams.
The hull and wing can be locked upright to the raft
by a pin to stop oscillation during maintenance. However,
in storm winds this secured, parked position is not as
safe as an unsecured, mobile wing position. An untethered wing
allows it to deflect sideways in the brunt of strong instantaneous
lifts from gusts rather than concentrate the forces to the base.
For more information call:
Simon Farthing
Wing'd Pump Associates 975 Tuam Rd RR#1
Sidney B.C. V8L 5P2 CANADA (604) 656-3478
email: ut038@freenet.victoria.bc.ca
------------------------------- 0 ----------------------------------
At 06:22 PM 10/23/96 -0500, John Cline wrote:
>I am planning on establishing a multi-site trickle irrigation trial for
>apples in Southern Ontario in 1997, and amongst other things, would like
>to investigate irrigation scheduling (3/4 potential ET, TDR- applied
>daily, TDR- applied weekly) emitter type (drip vs sprinkler), and
>fertigation. Since these sites will be established on grower orchards, I
>will need to have the irrigation scheduling automated. Is anyone on this
>list aware of products that are currently commercially available and that
>are flexible enough to modifiy for research purposes? For example, I am
>considering purchasing a Campbell Scientific logger and weather sensors,
>TDR sensors, and programming the system from 'scratch'. This approach
>could be rather time consuming and would likely require 'debugging' that
>could compromise the quality of the experiment. A pupose-built product may
>be more desirable if available.
>
>One further question - Is it feasible and relatively easy to install an
>automated irrigation scheduling system when the main water line is not
>always pressurized (ie, using pond water etc)?
>
>Any comments or suggestions would be most appreciated.
>
>... John Cline, Research Scientist TEL: 519-426-7120
>... Horticultural Research Institute of Ontario FAX: 519-426-1225 ...
>... Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food EMAIL: ClineJ@gov.on.ca ...
>... P.O. Box 587 (Blueline and Hwy#3) ...
>... Simcoe, Ontario N3Y 4N5 Canada ...
>
>
>
>
>
Date: Thu, 24 Oct 1996 12:20:09 -0500 (EST)
From: LRP@ICON.LAL.UFL.EDU
Subject: CO2 injection
From: LAL::LRP 16-OCT-1996 12:42:39.94
To: IN%"trickle-l@unl.edu"
CC: LRP
Subj: RE: CO2 Injection (Carbogation? Please...)
Work from the 1940's showed that a high concentration of CO2 reduced
the permeability to water of roots (i.e. increased the resistance to water
movement through the roots). I'm not familiar with more recent work on
CO2 injection in the root zone, but I wonder how beneficial CO2 would be to
the roots. More CO2 to the leaves will improve photosynthesis. Does CO2
injection to the roots really benefit overall plant growth in the field?
Larry Parsons
Date: Thu, 24 Oct 1996 09:30:56 -0700 (PDT)
From: Clem Wehner <cww@pacificcoast.net>
Subject: Re: John Cline/Apples/Helpful Products for your
Dear John Cline:
Please note that the email address for Gable Corporation, Victoria, B.C.,
one of the two companies I told you about this morning, has been changed.
The new address is <gabel@islandnet.com>
Regards,
Clem Wehner
Date: Thu, 24 Oct 1996 08:53:48 -0700
From: polson@orednet.org (Phil Olson)
Subject: unsubscribe
unsubscribe
--
Date: Fri, 25 Oct 1996 08:20:36 +1300
From: sjef@nelson.planet.org.nz
Subject: Re: CO2 injection
CO2 can become carbonic acid in the soil. Any incraese in acid in the soil
solution has to be neutralized by "plucking" cations of the colloidal clay
and humus complex. The higher the acid loading of the soil solution the
higher valation elements will come into the soil solution. The biggest
danger is that aluminium comes into the soil solution.
So at first potassium, calcium and magnesium will be made soluble which
could increase plant growth. BUT at a later stage aluminium will come into
the solution, which is a toxic element.
Regards
Sjef Lamers
sjef@nelson.planet.org.nz
>From: LAL::LRP 16-OCT-1996 12:42:39.94
>To: IN%"trickle-l@unl.edu"
>CC: LRP
>Subj: RE: CO2 Injection (Carbogation? Please...)
>
> Work from the 1940's showed that a high concentration of CO2 reduced
>the permeability to water of roots (i.e. increased the resistance to water
>movement through the roots). I'm not familiar with more recent work on
>CO2 injection in the root zone, but I wonder how beneficial CO2 would be to
>the roots. More CO2 to the leaves will improve photosynthesis. Does CO2
>injection to the roots really benefit overall plant growth in the field?
> Larry Parsons
>
>
Date: Thu, 24 Oct 1996 15:46:44 -0500
From: "J.D. Oster" <oster@mail.ucr.edu>
Subject: Re: CO2 injection
In the calcareous soils of the Western U.S., increasing the CO2 in the soil
air and water dissolve calcite and lower the soil pH. The level of CO2 that
can be maintained in the soil depends on soil water content -- Buyanovsky
and Wagner. Annual cycles of carbon dioxide level in soil air. Soil Sci.
Soc. Am. J. 47:1139-1145. 1983.theAt 02:12 PM 10/24/96 -0500, you wrote:
>CO2 can become carbonic acid in the soil. Any incraese in acid in the soil
>solution has to be neutralized by "plucking" cations of the colloidal clay
>and humus complex. The higher the acid loading of the soil solution the
>higher valation elements will come into the soil solution. The biggest
>danger is that aluminium comes into the soil solution.
>
>So at first potassium, calcium and magnesium will be made soluble which
>could increase plant growth. BUT at a later stage aluminium will come into
>the solution, which is a toxic element.
>
>Regards
>
>Sjef Lamers
>sjef@nelson.planet.org.nz
>
>>From: LAL::LRP 16-OCT-1996 12:42:39.94
>>To: IN%"trickle-l@unl.edu"
>>CC: LRP
>>Subj: RE: CO2 Injection (Carbogation? Please...)
>>
>> Work from the 1940's showed that a high concentration of CO2 reduced
>>the permeability to water of roots (i.e. increased the resistance to water
>>movement through the roots). I'm not familiar with more recent work on
>>CO2 injection in the root zone, but I wonder how beneficial CO2 would be to
>>the roots. More CO2 to the leaves will improve photosynthesis. Does CO2
>>injection to the roots really benefit overall plant growth in the field?
>> Larry Parsons
>>
>>
>
>
J.D.(Jim) Oster
Dept. of Soil & Env. Sciences
University of California
Riverside, CA 92521
Phone (909)787-5100
FAX (909)787-5522
Date: Thu, 24 Oct 1996 22:22:00 -0400
From: GroAire@aol.com
Subject: Re: CO2 injection
I do not believe that the current research literature would support increased
levels of co-2 in the root zone would be beneficial. If anyone requires
specific citings of literature, I'm sure I have all the appropriate data in
my archives. The roots require oxygen for the uptake of nuterients and will
cease the uptake if concentrations reach certain levels. This commonly occurs
during the spring months when the microflora of the soil start expanding
their populations. The by-product of aerobic bacteria is CO-2 and this limits
root growth in the early developmwent stages of roots.
Dave Enyeart
GroAire@aol.com
End of Digest
>From root@crcnis1.unl.edu Sat Oct 26 00:41 EDT 1996
Date: Fri, 25 Oct 1996 23:27:48 -0500
Message-Id: <199610260427.AA24913@crcnis1.unl.edu>
Subject: TRICKLE-L digest 630
Contents:
Re: Trickle Irrigation of Apples (Gideon Oron <gidi@bgumail.bgu.ac.il>)
(Robert May <RMAY@ibr2gw80.mp.usbr.gov>)
Re: under-irrigation (danyalk@ix.netcom.com (Danyal Kasapligil))
(Richard Vermeulen <reverm@vs1.invsn.com>)
Re: (Richard Vermeulen <reverm@vs1.invsn.com>)
Date: Fri, 25 Oct 1996 08:52:31 +0200 (IST)
From: Gideon Oron <gidi@bgumail.bgu.ac.il>
Subject: Re: Trickle Irrigation of Apples
Dear Sir
Look at the April 1995 ASAE proceedings from Oralando on
our paper regarding pears.
SIncerely
Gideon Oron
****************************************************************************
* Gideon Oron E-mail:Gidi@bgumail.bgu.ac.il *
* Ben-Gurion University of the Negev *
* The Institute for Desert Research Tel:+972-7-656-5070 *
* Kiryat Sde-Boker, 84990 Israel Fax:+972-7-655-7042 *
* and *
* Dept of Industrial Engineering and Management Tel:+972-7-647-2200 *
* Beer-Sheva, 84105 Israel Fax:+972-7-647-2958 *
****************************************************************************
Date: Fri, 25 Oct 1996 08:05:03 -0800
From: Robert May <RMAY@ibr2gw80.mp.usbr.gov>
Subject:
unsubscribe rmay@ibr2fro100.mp.usbr.gov
Date: Fri, 25 Oct 1996 09:07:08 -0700
From: danyalk@ix.netcom.com (Danyal Kasapligil)
Subject: Re: under-irrigation
You wrote:
>
>Contents:
>Re: EnviroSCAN .. underirrigating? (LodiCraig@aol.com)
>
>----------------------------------------------------------------------
>
>Date: Sat, 19 Oct 1996 14:01:24 -0400
>From: LodiCraig@aol.com
>Subject: Re: EnviroSCAN .. underirrigating?
>
>Dear Danyal Kasapligil:
>
>In a message dated 96-10-18 20:31:17 EDT, you write:
>
><< In a vineyard drip and citrus micro-spray we tried putting probes
next to
>the water source and mid-way between sources (drippers, sprayers) and
found
>that there was
> very limited lateral water movement. Contributing to this was the
fact
> that the growers were under-irrigating. >>
>
>Please elaborate on your use of the term under-irrigating. Do you
mean
>simply that the growers were simply irrigating at a replacement rate
below
> maximum ETc, or at levels so low you feel they were inducing economic
loss?
>
>In your opinion, do you think the orchards or vineyards were
economically
>suffering due to the artificially restricted active root zone area
induced by
>the limited application of water?
>
>Sincerely,
>Craig Thompson
>
>------------------------------
>End of Digest
>************************
>
GRAIG:
Re: under-irrigation:
1. In the vineyard (owned by a winery much more interested in quality
than quantity) the soil water content was maintained at a level that
reduced the vine water uptake (reduced ETc). After the water uptake
slowed down in mid june began to draw moisture from deeper (sensors to
5 ft). Reduced growth was desired here.
2. In the lemons with limited roting depth the moisture profile
gradually declned during the summer as the irrigations did not keep up
with the crop demand. Reduced growth was not desired here.
3. Strawberries: When soil water content fell below optimal (near
"field capacity") by over an inch of water in the main 1.5 ft root
zone, the plants were visibly suffering, and when the water content was
brought back up, the plants perked back up. It was a real eye opener
to see the effects of such under-irrigation in such a moisture
sensitive crop. Most definate yield reduction.
Date: Fri, 25 Oct 1996 09:27:45 -0700
From: Richard Vermeulen <reverm@vs1.invsn.com>
Subject:
unsubscribe reverm@vsl.invsn.com
Date: Fri, 25 Oct 1996 15:29:36 -0700
From: Richard Vermeulen <reverm@vs1.invsn.com>
Subject: Re:
unsubscribe reverm@vsl.invsn.com
>
>
End of Digest
>From root@crcnis1.unl.edu Sun Oct 27 09:26 EST 1996
Date: Sun, 27 Oct 1996 08:13:28 -0600
Message-Id: <199610271413.AA08911@crcnis1.unl.edu>
Subject: TRICKLE-L digest 631
Contents:
Drip article (rmead@cybergate.com (Richard Mead))
Date: Sun, 27 Oct 1996 14:24:37 GMT
From: rmead@cybergate.com (Richard Mead)
Subject: Drip article
For those of you who don't get "Landscape and Irrigation" by AIP, there
is a nice (albeit generic) article on drip irrigation titled:
'The Truth About Drip Irrigation'. It is written by Tim Wilson who is the
education director of The Irrigation Association. Please stop by and read
the information at:
http://www.aip.com/green/li/html/1096DRIP.HTML
This URL will be up for just a few days. After November 1, it will probably be
placed in the AIP archives. I'll have a link to that on "Related links" of the
Microirrigation Forum* as soon as it's there.
Richard Mead
Trickle-L owner/manager
*http://www.cybergate.com/~rmead
End of Digest
>From root@crcnis1.unl.edu Mon Oct 28 09:27 EST 1996
Date: Mon, 28 Oct 1996 08:14:21 -0600
Message-Id: <199610281414.AA22813@crcnis1.unl.edu>
Subject: TRICKLE-L digest 632
Contents:
(Manrique Brenes <mjbrenes@ucdavis.edu>)
Date: Sun, 27 Oct 1996 19:14:48 -0800
From: Manrique Brenes <mjbrenes@ucdavis.edu>
Subject:
I have been looking for the quality standards for waste water reuse in =
irrigation in California. The information that I have found does not =
include subsurface drip irrigation for landscape as a category. However =
almost 20% of the current reuse in the state is listed as landscape =
irrigation.
Can anyone point me in the right direction to see if California (or any =
other state in the US) is developing (or has developed) such standard?
Thanks.=20
Manrique Brenes
Bio. & Ag. Eng.
UC Davis
End of Digest
>From root@crcnis1.unl.edu Tue Oct 29 09:34 EST 1996
Date: Tue, 29 Oct 1996 08:21:20 -0600
Message-Id: <199610291421.AA21838@crcnis1.unl.edu>
Subject: TRICKLE-L digest 633
Contents:
RE: (Goldberg <goldberg@eden.com>)
recycling poly tube (Orval Jewell <ojewell@thegrid.net>)
Re: Drip lateral movement ("Alan S. Wicks" <awicks@televar.com>)
RE: ("M. Meron" <MERON@migal.co.il>)
Irrigation scheduling programmes -Reply ("Bruce Metelerkamp" <BRUCE@mailgate.icfrnet.unp.ac.za>)
Date: Mon, 28 Oct 1996 15:20:34 -0600
From: Goldberg <goldberg@eden.com>
Subject: RE:
------ =_NextPart_000_01BBC50E.76640120
Check with Louis Herrin of the Texas Natural Resources Conservation =
Commission in Austin. We are presently rewriting our entire wastewater =
rule (including reuse), and copies of the current draft might be =
available from him.
Rick Goldberg
----------
From: Manrique Brenes[SMTP:mjbrenes@ucdavis.edu]
Sent: Sunday, October 27, 1996 9:10 PM
To: Multiple recipients of list
I have been looking for the quality standards for waste water reuse in =
=3D
irrigation in California. The information that I have found does not =3D
include subsurface drip irrigation for landscape as a category. However =
=3D
almost 20% of the current reuse in the state is listed as landscape =3D
irrigation.
Can anyone point me in the right direction to see if California (or any =
=3D
other state in the US) is developing (or has developed) such standard?
Thanks.=3D20
Manrique Brenes
Bio. & Ag. Eng.
UC Davis
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------ =_NextPart_000_01BBC50E.76640120--
Date: Mon, 28 Oct 1996 08:57:03 -0800
From: Orval Jewell <ojewell@thegrid.net>
Subject: recycling poly tube
Hi All,
I need to know if there are any recycling centers here in California that
will take used SDI tubing, and if they do. How much clean-up needs to be
performed before it would be accepted, and do they want it bailed or
loose? I know this has been much discussed in the past, but has there
been any forward movement? Any help or thoughts are greatly appreciated.
Orval
Date: Mon, 28 Oct 1996 09:09:42 -0800
From: "Alan S. Wicks" <awicks@televar.com>
Subject: Re: Drip lateral movement
Yan.Diczbalis@DPIF.nt.gov.au wrote:
>
> Dear Subscribers,
>
> We are planing an experiment to evaluate drip irrigation vs
> microsprinkler in mango. The trial will commence at planting.
> The question we pose is; Do emitters of a lower flow rate have a
> smaller wetted area??
Greetings,
There is a good discussion on this at
http://hammock.ifas.ufl.edu/txt/fairs/22063
Hope that this helps.
Sincerely yours,
Alan S. Wicks
Date: Tue, 29 Oct 1996 09:16:55 GMT+0200
From: "M. Meron" <MERON@migal.co.il>
Subject: RE:
PLEASE STOP TO SEND UNDECODABLE GIBBERISH
> From: Manrique Brenes[SMTP:mjbrenes@ucdavis.edu]
> Sent: Sunday, October 27, 1996 9:10 PM
> To: Multiple recipients of list
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>
=========================================================================
MIGAL Galilee Technology Center Crop Ecology Laboratory
Kiryat Shmona PO Box 90 000 Rosh Pina 12 100 ISRAEL
Phone +972-6-953559 Fax: +972-6-944980 Email: MERON@migal.co.il
=========================================================================
Date: Tue, 29 Oct 1996 15:22:49 +200
From: "Bruce Metelerkamp" <BRUCE@mailgate.icfrnet.unp.ac.za>
Subject: Irrigation scheduling programmes -Reply
sowacs (and irrigation-l and trickle-l)
Hamish Lowe asked about irrigation scheduling for a forestry
application on IRRIGATION-L (see post below).
I can only refer to the lists of companies who supply irrigation
scheduling services on the various irrigation Web pages. (Start
at the Virtual Library :
http://fserv.wiz.uni-kassel.de/kww/projekte/irrig/irrig_i.html
As far as I know there have been very few irrigated forestry
trials worldwide - please reply if you know of others.
The Australian work is really aimed at getting rid of effluent
(which is similar to the area you are in, Hamish?) who when at
the New Zealand Massey Uni also worked on this.
See also http://www.ozemail.com.au/~hewlett/ where Brian White's
Hardwood Investments Pty Ltd page describes some of the waste
water options. (ie irrigating eucalypts with the water!)
There was some work done in California by the Simpson Timber
company, I believe. See earlier editions of their newsletter "The
California Eucalypt Grower". From reading this newsletter, there
does seem to be a fair amount of irrigation of eucalypts going
on... perhaps someone knows more?
Recent work done in Turkey at the Eastern Mediterranean Forestry
Research Institute by Gurses and Ozkurt.
and then there is the South African trial on eucalypts at Mkuze,
Zululand done by Mondi. Contact Mike Howard
<mikeh@icfr.unp.ac.za>
Luis Gurovic in Chile is also working on irrigating eucalypts.
<lgurovic@sas.puc.cl>
I know of no scheduling software for forestry per se, but surely
orchard tree programs exist, and wouldn't be far different?
The irrigation requirements of eucalypts will be near potential
evaporation rates for maximal growth, but they can survive on far
less.
I would be interested to hear more on the where, how and why you
are considering irrigated forestry. It can only be profitable in
very few circumstances.
In situations where water is abundant and irrigation is being
used as a means of disposing of it (and the nasties it may
contain), cogniscance should be taken of the possibility of
reducing the tree's potential to use water by oversupply. (I
presume this is why you want the scheduling program.)
All the talk of air-injection systems notwithstanding! :>
Regards
-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.
Bruce Metelerkamp SOIL WATER RESEARCH OFFICER
Institute for Commercial Forestry Research,
University of Natal, PO Box 100281
Scottsville, ZA3209
Rep. of South Africa Voice:27 331 62314
E-mail: bruce@icfr.unp.ac.za FAX:27 331 68905
brooz@pobox.com
Bruce.Metelerkamp@pobox.com
URL http://www.icfrnet.unp.ac.za/~metele
../SoWaCS.html
../RR.html
Host of SoWaCS (Soil Water Content Sensor) Discussion List.
SEND info sowacs OR subscribe sowacs TO
majordomo@aqua.ccwr.ac.za
>>
From: Pattle Delamore Partners Ltd (IRRIGATION-L)
To: IRRIGATION-L@LISTSERV.GMD.DE
Date: Tuesday, October 29, 1996 9:59 am
Subject: Irrigation scheduling programmes
To fellow readers
I am in the search for equipment and software that I can use for
forestry irrigation scheduling. Ideally I would like to know of
compatable equipment that can be used to measure soil moisture
and combine this information with real time weather data to
schedule irrigation requirements. We can possibly get our hands
on the met station and soil moisture equipment, but are in need
of computer software to combine the data and develop an
irrigation schedule.
Can anyone help or refer me onto people in the know.
Cheers
Hamish Lowe
End of Digest
>From root@crcnis1.unl.edu Wed Oct 30 10:01 EST 1996
Date: Wed, 30 Oct 1996 08:48:56 -0600
Message-Id: <199610301448.AA23414@crcnis1.unl.edu>
Subject: TRICKLE-L digest 634
Contents:
organic fertilizers through drip (ARON QUIST <stanworth@MAIL.TELIS.ORG>)
Re: Soil cracking & Sensor contact. SOWACS (Jean Piaget <henri@ilink.nis.za>)
unsubscribe (kls@eng.ks.nrcs.usda.gov (Kevin L. Shamburg))
Re: Irrigation scheduling programmes -Reply (ROBERT and FILOMENA PLUS ONE <EXPLORER1@worldnet.att.net>)
re: forestry irrigation scheduling ("KEVIN B. BRONSON" <103644.2426@CompuServe.COM>)
RE: RECYCLING POLY TUBE ("KEVIN B. BRONSON" <103644.2426@CompuServe.COM>)
Date: Tue, 29 Oct 1996 09:38:44 -0800 (PST)
From: ARON QUIST <stanworth@MAIL.TELIS.ORG>
Subject: organic fertilizers through drip
> I have been asked by a client who is growing fruit trees in Hawaii about what organic fertilizers are available for application through drip irrigation systems.
>
>Does anyone know of any? No ideas for experimentation or research please. We want to use products that have been applied with success.
>
>Aron Quist, CPSS
>Stanworth Crop Consultants
>stanworth@mail.telis.org
>
>
Date: Tue, 29 Oct 1996 21:23:55 GMT
From: Jean Piaget <henri@ilink.nis.za>
Subject: Re: Soil cracking & Sensor contact. SOWACS
At 09:29 AM 10/28/96 +200, you wrote:
>
>Would a pocket of diatomaceous earth (or a non-swelling clay &
>sand concoction) do the job?
>
>Perhaps the users of tensiometers could help us here. (They use a
>slurry to promote cup:soil contact.)
>
>Regards Bruce Metelerkamp
All soil sensors, of whatever kind, must be for obvious reasons (?) in
close proximity to roots . Roots on the other hand generally hate growing
from one medium into another, especially from fine to coarse.
You would thus first have to show that roots would easily penetrate the
artificial pocket. That is apart from now having two mediums with
considerably different moisture characteristics and with definite boundaries.
By the way, many a tensiometer station has ben ruined by over zealous
slurying thereby putting the point in a waterproof envelope.In any case the
slurry should be made with the same material as that present at the
measuring depth.
How about keeping the soil moist enough to stop it from cracking? Jean/
Date: Tue, 29 Oct 96 13:35:41 CST
From: kls@eng.ks.nrcs.usda.gov (Kevin L. Shamburg)
Subject: unsubscribe
unsubscribe
Date: Tue, 29 Oct 1996 13:01:31 -0800
From: ROBERT and FILOMENA PLUS ONE <EXPLORER1@worldnet.att.net>
Subject: Re: Irrigation scheduling programmes -Reply
Bruce Metelerkamp wrote:
>
> sowacs (and irrigation-l and trickle-l)
>
> Hamish Lowe asked about irrigation scheduling for a forestry
> application on IRRIGATION-L (see post below).
>
> I can only refer to the lists of companies who supply irrigation
> scheduling services on the various irrigation Web pages. (Start
> at the Virtual Library :
> http://fserv.wiz.uni-kassel.de/kww/projekte/irrig/irrig_i.html
>
> As far as I know there have been very few irrigated forestry
> trials worldwide - please reply if you know of others.
>
> The Australian work is really aimed at getting rid of effluent
> (which is similar to the area you are in, Hamish?) who when at
> the New Zealand Massey Uni also worked on this.
> See also http://www.ozemail.com.au/~hewlett/ where Brian White's
> Hardwood Investments Pty Ltd page describes some of the waste
> water options. (ie irrigating eucalypts with the water!)
>
> There was some work done in California by the Simpson Timber
> company, I believe. See earlier editions of their newsletter "The
> California Eucalypt Grower". From reading this newsletter, there
> does seem to be a fair amount of irrigation of eucalypts going
> on... perhaps someone knows more?
>
> Recent work done in Turkey at the Eastern Mediterranean Forestry
> Research Institute by Gurses and Ozkurt.
>
> and then there is the South African trial on eucalypts at Mkuze,
> Zululand done by Mondi. Contact Mike Howard
> <mikeh@icfr.unp.ac.za>
>
> Luis Gurovic in Chile is also working on irrigating eucalypts.
> <lgurovic@sas.puc.cl>
>
> I know of no scheduling software for forestry per se, but surely
> orchard tree programs exist, and wouldn't be far different?
>
> The irrigation requirements of eucalypts will be near potential
> evaporation rates for maximal growth, but they can survive on far
> less.
>
> I would be interested to hear more on the where, how and why you
> are considering irrigated forestry. It can only be profitable in
> very few circumstances.
>
> In situations where water is abundant and irrigation is being
> used as a means of disposing of it (and the nasties it may
> contain), cogniscance should be taken of the possibility of
> reducing the tree's potential to use water by oversupply. (I
> presume this is why you want the scheduling program.)
>
> All the talk of air-injection systems notwithstanding! :>
>
> Regards
>
> -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.
> Bruce Metelerkamp SOIL WATER RESEARCH OFFICER
> Institute for Commercial Forestry Research,
> University of Natal, PO Box 100281
> Scottsville, ZA3209
> Rep. of South Africa Voice:27 331 62314
> E-mail: bruce@icfr.unp.ac.za FAX:27 331 68905
> brooz@pobox.com
> Bruce.Metelerkamp@pobox.com
> URL http://www.icfrnet.unp.ac.za/~metele
> ../SoWaCS.html
> ../RR.html
> Host of SoWaCS (Soil Water Content Sensor) Discussion List.
> SEND info sowacs OR subscribe sowacs TO
> majordomo@aqua.ccwr.ac.za
>
> >>
> From: Pattle Delamore Partners Ltd (IRRIGATION-L)
> To: IRRIGATION-L@LISTSERV.GMD.DE
> Date: Tuesday, October 29, 1996 9:59 am
> Subject: Irrigation scheduling programmes
>
> To fellow readers
>
> I am in the search for equipment and software that I can use for
> forestry irrigation scheduling. Ideally I would like to know of
> compatable equipment that can be used to measure soil moisture
> and combine this information with real time weather data to
> schedule irrigation requirements. We can possibly get our hands
> on the met station and soil moisture equipment, but are in need
> of computer software to combine the data and develop an
> irrigation schedule.
>
> Can anyone help or refer me onto people in the know.
>
> Cheers
>
> Hamish Lowe
THERE IS A COMPANY THAT I KNOW OF IN CALIFORNIA, THAT HAVE SEVERAL
ONGOING PROJECTS ON TREES USING SUBSURFACE DRIP AND CONTROLING THEM BY
WEATHER STATION,PAN MEASUREMENTS AND SOIL MOISTURE SENSORS. THEY ARE
HAVING GREAT SUCCESS WITH THEIR SYSTEMS.
IF YOU ARE INTEESTED PLEASE CONTACT:
DR. CLAUDE J. PHENE
SDI PLUS
P.O. BOX 314
CLOVIS, CA. 93613-0314
PHONE:209-298-8068
FAX:209-298-0513
Date: 30 Oct 96 00:49:40 EST
From: "KEVIN B. BRONSON" <103644.2426@CompuServe.COM>
Subject: re: forestry irrigation scheduling
Potlatch Farms in northern Oregon has been raising cottonwood trees (?25,000
acres)on drip for pulp for several years, and have as much experience as anyone
in that field.
Contact: John Olsen or Greg Roland
(503)481-2620
Date: 30 Oct 96 00:49:42 EST
From: "KEVIN B. BRONSON" <103644.2426@CompuServe.COM>
Subject: RE: RECYCLING POLY TUBE
I did some research recently on recycling tubing and the only company that I
found interested was stiill working on a market and program. For more info
contact:
Barios Recycling
Attention: Sandy
2788S Orange Ave
Fresno, CA 93725
(209)233-0922
Kevin Bronson
103644,2426@Compuserve.com
End of Digest
>From root@crcnis1.unl.edu Thu Oct 31 10:03 EST 1996
Date: Thu, 31 Oct 1996 08:50:37 -0600
Message-Id: <199610311450.AA20591@crcnis1.unl.edu>
Subject: TRICKLE-L digest 635
Contents:
Re: organic fertilizers through drip (GroAire@aol.com)
Date: Wed, 30 Oct 1996 22:44:44 -0500
From: GroAire@aol.com
Subject: Re: organic fertilizers through drip
One of my clients have extensive background in applying organic fertilizers
through
T-Tape in greenhouse and field crops (vegetables). I could give the
information to you second hand, but it would probably be better for you to
talk to them directly. Call for Mike or Eric Kautz @ 308-436-5634. I am an
SDI and an SA design engineer. I specialize in subaeration of soils in
conjunctiion with subirrigation.
Dave Enyeart
GroAire@aol.com
303-650-0472
End of Digest
Prepared by Steve Modena, AB4EL
Suggestions and comments to: modena@SunSITE.unc.edu