52 pp. Pest Management Analysis and Planning Program, California EPA, Dept. of Pesticide Regulation, Environmental Monitoring and Pest Management Branch, 1020 N Street, Sacramento, CA 95814. *Science and Institution: Building Efforts in Africa, 1994.* Bo Bengtsson. Proceedings of the 24th Annual Research Conference of the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE) held in Duduville, Nairobi May 9-12, 1994. Focuses on remarks of Prof. Bengtsson, ICIPE's Guest Speaker at this conference and former Chairman of the ICIPE's Governing Council, which highlight the early history of ICIPE and its development in African agricultural research. 21 pp. ICIPE Science Press, The International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya. *Agriculture and the Policy Environment: Tanzania and Kenya, 1993.* David Bevan, et. al. Study shows how macroeconomic and trade policies, not simply producer prices, are largely responsible for the very different performances of the agricultural sectors in these two East African countries. 103 pp. OECD Publications and Information Centre, 2001 L Street NW, Suite 700, Washington, D.C. 20036-4910; phone (202) 785-6323; fax (202) 785-0350. *Beyond Farmer First: Rural People's Knowledge, Agricultural Research and Extension Practice, 1994.* Ian Scoones and John Thompson (eds.). Details of field agricultural research and extension from collaborating institutions in Africa, Asia and Latin America presented at a workshop at the Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex in October 1992. The book consists of contributions representing the disciplines of agronomy, agricultural science, anthropology, ecology, entomology, forestry, geography, management science, pedagogy, sociology and others. 228 pp. UK$14.95. IT Publications, 103-105 Southampton Row, London WC1B 4HH, U.K.; phone (0171) 436-9761; fax (0171) 436 2013; email: itdgcru@gn.apc.org. *Diversity.* This quarterly news journal covers the issues pertinent to the international genetic resources community including scientists, policymakers, executives, activists and administrators who are working to conserve and use the world's genetic resources. Explores the issues of breeders' rights, biotechnology, farmers' rights, intellectual property rights, plant research and related themes. Annual subscription dues vary from US$35 North America and US$50 outside North America for government, non-profit and individuals; all others are US$55 North America and US$70 outside North America. DIVERSITY, 4905 Del Ray Avenue, Suite 401, Bethesda, MD 20814; phone (301) 907-9350; fax (301) 907- 9328. *Handle With Care: Children and Environmental Carcinogens, 1994.* Lawrie Mott, Farrel Vance, and Jennifer Curtis. A call to action for the federal government to revise existing safety standards to take into account children's unique exposure to carcinogens present in air, food and water. Report utilizes the list of 392 carcinogens published under California's Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986 (Proposition 65) including ten carcinogenic pesticides listed by the State of California. 50 pp. US$7.50 (plus $1.45 shipping and handling per copy). NRDC Publications, 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011. *Agriculture + Rural Development.* This new bi-annual journal draws from the Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation's (CTA) collection of German articles on tropical agriculture and rural development. The first issue, Volume 1(1)/1994 focuses on declining aid to agriculture, rural development, and food security. English and French. DLG-Verlags-GmbH, Eschborner LandstraBe 122, 60489 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. *Status of Internationally-Recruited Women in the International Agricultural Research Centers of the CGIAR: A Quantitative Perspective, 1992.* Deborah Merrill-Sands and Pammi Sachdeva. Analyzes the status of internationally- recruited women in the 16 international agricultural research centers supported by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) and the key areas affecting participation of women professionals: recruitment, retention and advancement. 45 pp. CGIAR Secretariat, World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20433; phone (202) 473-4502; fax (202) 473-3112. *Ceres.* A bi-monthly magazine on development by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) addresses the current issues in agriculture, forestry, fisheries, nutrition and sustainable development. US$24 for a one year subscription. Ceres, Distribution and Sales selection (FAO), Via delle Terme di Caracalla, I-00100 Rome, Italy; Fax (39-6) 52256167. We encourage those interested in having resources listed in the Online Resource Pointer to send review copies of publications, videos or other sources to our office (address listed below) or to contact Publications and Information Coordinator Ellen Hickey or Information Program Associate Gina Schilling for further information. =========================================================== | PANNA | for standard information | | Phone:(415) 541-9140 | about PANNA send a short | | Fax:(415) 541-9253 | email message to | | email: panna@econet.apc.org | panna-info@econet.apc.org | | gopher: gopher.igc.apc.org | | =========================================================== --- * Origin: Psychotronic BBS (1:3641/1) @PATH: 3641/1 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- (43) Thu 1 Dec 94 3:15 By: Lawrence F. London, Jr. To: All Re: Re: Farming with Hedgerows (fwd) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- @MSGID: 1:3641/223 0006a9a8 @PID GIGO+ sn 175 at psybbs vsn 0.99 pl1 From: london@calypso-2.oit.unc.edu (Lawrence F. London, Jr.) @Subject: Re: Farming with Hedgerows (fwd) Date: 1 Dec 1994 03:15:52 -0000 @Sender: daemon@bigblue.oit.unc.edu @Message-Id: @Mime-Version: 1.0 @Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII ---------- Forwarded message ---------- Date: Wed, 30 Nov 94 17:01 EST >From: lc97 Subject: Re: Farming with Hedgerows (fwd) Yes, I would like to receive a copy of the draft on hedgerows you have put together. You can either send to my email address LC97@umail.umd.edu or my work address: Wye Research and Education Center, Univ. of MD, P.O. Box 169, Queenstown, MD 21658. Thank you. Leslie Cooperband --- * Origin: [via Psychotronic BBS = Durham, NC = 919-286-4542]sustag- (1:3641/1) @PATH: 3641/1 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- (44) Mon 21 Nov 94 22:37 By: Jim Chen To: All Re: Theory and praxis, part 1 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- @MSGID: 1:3641/223 0006a9b5 @PID GIGO+ sn 175 at psybbs vsn 0.99 pl1 From: chenx064@maroon.tc.umn.edu (Jim Chen) @Subject: Theory and praxis, part 1 Date: 21 Nov 1994 22:37:58 -0000 @Sender: daemon@bigblue.oit.unc.edu @Message-Id: <64260.chenx064@maroon.tc.umn.edu> In response to Brian Carlson's inquiry on the following debate topic: "Whereas many Agricultural Chemicals (Pesticides and Fertilizers) degrade water quality and are hazardous to consumers, therefore environmental taxes should be imposed on these chemicals." I think that the most useful point of departure, at least with respect to the economic theory of pollution taxation, is to identify the feasibility of imposing a "Pigovian" tax -- i.e., a direct tax on the harm itself. See generally Arthur C. Pigou, The Economics of Welfare (4th ed. 1932). Most taxes in practice are not strictly Pigovian in that they target a workable surrogate for the pollution itself (which often eludes easy measurement and/or detection). See generally Thomas A. Barthold, Issues in the Design of Environmental Excise Taxes, 8 J. Econ. Perspectives 133 (1994) (a very good source). For example, a Pigovian tax on auto exhaust would assess a charge per cubic meter of CO (or any other pollutant du jour). That tax would perfectly reflect the social cost of each marginal cubic meter of CO. But because we can't stick a cheap, reliable CO meter on every car (and can't trust drivers not to disable the meters!), we rely on two principal alternatives to the Pigovian auto exhaust tax: (1) gasoline excise taxes and (2) fleet-wide "CAFE" [corporate average fuel efficiency] standards imposed on automobile manufacturers. I think you'll have no trouble drawing the appropriate analogies to farm chemicals. Farmer Meade has made a very powerful point regarding the regressive food taxation effect of a proposed tax on farm chemicals. The trouble arises because we have different discount rates, levels of risk aversion, and levels of wealth. Witness the traditional debate over fuel excise taxes whenever they are proposed as revenue measures. A Pigovian retort goes something like this: redistribution by *failing* to tax the pollution-related externalities of gas use is no good deed at all, because all that happens is that past patterns of polluting behavior become exacerbated, and the poor will continue to absorb an ever larger share of the harm. Marxist and pseudo-Marxist economists frequently make the same argument, but they offend many by calling the populist argument against taxation the product of a "false consciousness." It's like the practice of using the word "praxis" -- you score huge points with tenure-and-promotion gurus in university circles, but only at the expense of broader acceptance. (See, for example, the subject heading to this post!) Another problems with economic incentives aimed at reducing pollution is a direct outgrowth of the imprecision inherent in non-Pigovian taxes. People forced to pay an extra nickel on each gallon of gas won't necessarily reduce their total automotive travel. They may just as easily buy more fuel-efficient cars that achieve an illusory level of parsimoniousness by dispensing with heavy, fuel-consuming pollution control equipment! This effect has been documented in the related context of "negawatt acquisition