27 Lucy Gorham, "The Growing Problem of Low Earnings in Rural Areas," in Rural Poverty in America, edited by Cynthia M. Duncan (New York: Auburn House, 1992), 26. 28 International Labor Office, Yearbook of Labor Statistics, "Wages in Agriculture," (Geneva: International Labor Office, 1988), 891-898. Also cited in Linda Schmittroth, ed., Statistical Record of Women Worldwide, 1st ed. (Detroit/London: Gale Research Inc., 1991), table 441, p. 368. 29 Lucy Gorham, "The Growing Problem of Low Earnings in Rural Areas," in Rural Poverty in America, edited by Cynthia M. Duncan (New York: Auburn House, 1992), 25. 30 William P. OUHare, The Rise in Poverty in Rural America, Population Trends and Public Policy Series ISSN: 0736-7716, no. 15 (Washington D.C.: Population Ref. Bureau, July 1988), 1. 31 U.S. Department of Agriculture, The Economic Well-Being of Farm Operator Households, 1988-90, prepared for the Economic Research Service by Mary C. Ahearn, Janet E. Perry, and Hisham S. El-Osta, Agricultural Economic Report no. 666 (Herndon, VA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, January 1993), calculated from table, p. 8. 32 U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1990 Agricultural Chartbook (Washington, D.C.: Economic Research Service, April 1990), 6. 33 U.S. General Accounting Office, Hired Farmworkers: Health and Well- Being at Risk, Human Resources Division, report no. 92-46 (Washington, D.C.: GAO, February 1992), 25. 34 Doris P. Slesinger and Max J. Pfeffer, "Migrant Farm Workers," in Rural Poverty in America, edited by Cynthia M. Duncan (New York: Auburn House, 1992), 143. 35 Kai Siedenburg, "The Community Alliance with Family Farmers: Linking Agriculture with Social Justice and the Environment," Gaining Ground, 2, no. 1 (Winter 1994): 8. 36 Dean MacCannell, "Industrial Agriculture and Rural Community Degredation [sic]," in Agriculture and Community Change in the U.S., edited by Louis E. Swanson (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1988), 50. 37 Don Villarejo, "Environmental Effects of Living and Working In Agricultural Areas of California: Social and Economic Factors," in Health Concerns of Living and Working in Agricultural California, report of a conference held at the University of California at Davis (Davis, CA: Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, 1990), 23. 38 Don Villarejo, "Environmental Effects of Living and Working In Agricultural Areas of California: Social and Economic Factors," in Health Concerns of Living and Working in Agricultural California, report of a conference held at the University of California at Davis (Davis, CA: Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, 1990), 22. 39 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture and Rural Economy Division, Economic Research Service, Economic Indicators of the Farm Sector: National Financial Summary 1992, ECIFS 12-1 (Herndon, VA: U.S.D.A., January 1994), calculated from table 49. 40 Doris P. Slesinger and Max J. Pfeffer, "Migrant Farm Workers," in Rural Poverty in America, edited by Cynthia M. Duncan (New York: Auburn House, 1992), 139. 41 Clifton B. Luttrell, The High Cost of Farm Welfare (Washington, D.C.: Cato Institute, 1989), 120. 42 Economic Report of the President, Transmitted to the Congress January 1987 (Washington, D.C.: US Government Printing Office, 1987), 152. 43 Paul Faeth et al., Paying the Farm Bill: U.S. Agricultural Policy and the Transition to Sustainable Agriculture, World Resources Institute. (Washington, D.C.: WRI, 1991), 1. 44 Clifton B. Luttrell, The High Cost of Farm Welfare (Washington, D.C.: Cato Institute, 1989), ix. 45 Don Villarejo, "Environmental Effects of Living and Working In Agricultural Areas of California: Social and Economic Factors," in Health Concerns of Living and Working in Agricultural California, report of a conference held at the University of California at Davis (Davis, CA: Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, 1990), 20. 46 U.S. General Accounting Office, Hired Farmworkers: Health and Well- Being at Risk, Human Resources Division (HRD), report no. 92-46 (Washington, D.C.: GAO, February 1992), 18. 47 U.S. General Accounting Office, Hired Farmworkers: Health and Well- Being at Risk, Human Resources Division (HRD), report no. 92-46 (Washington, D.C.: GAO, February 1992), 28. 48 Dr. Marion Moses, testimony prepared for the Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, Hearings on Amendments to the Federal Insecticide Fungicide Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) on 30 July, 1987, (San Francisco, CA: Pesticide Education Center), 3. 49 U.S. General Accounting Office, Hired Farmworkers: Health and Well- Being at Risk, Human Resources Division (HRD), report no. 92-46 (Washington, D.C.: GAO, February 1992), 13. 50 U.S. General Accounting Office, Hired Farmworkers: Health and Well- Being at Risk, Human Resources Division (HRD), report no. 92-46 (Washington, D.C.: GAO, February 1992), 3. 51 For example, parathion, one of the pesticides used today in place of DDT, is much more toxic to humans. Although parathion breaks down more quickly in the environment than older chemicals like DDT, it releases a chemical which is fifty-five times more toxic than the parent chemical when absorbed by human skin. For more on this subject see Robert F. Wasserstrom and Richard Wiles, Field Duty: U.S. Farmworkers and Pesticide Safety, World Resources Institute Study no. 3 (Washington, D.C.: WRI, July 1985), 1-3. 52 U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry. Subcommittee on Nutrition and Investigations. Hearing on Economic Concentration in the Meatpacking Industry. 101st Congress, 2nd session (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 20 July 1990), 5. 53 U.S. Congress, Hearing on H.R. 3160, House Committee on Education and Labor, Comprehensive Occupational Safety and Health Reform Act, and the Fire at the Imperial Food Products Plant in Hamlet, North Carolina, (statement made by Rep. George Miller-CA)102nd Cong., 1st sess. (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 12 September 1991), 16. 54 See, for example, the report published by the Committee on the Role of Alternative Farming Methods in Modern Production Agriculture, Board on Agriculture, National Research Council, Alternative Agriculture (Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1989). 55 Jennifer Dunn, Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report, 51, no. 3 (16 January 1993): S146. 56 "Inside the USDA, itUs a white male bastion," Headline in The Kansas City Star, 8-14 December 1991. 57 U.S. Office of Personnel Management, Statistical Analysis and Services Division, Federal Civilian Workforce Statistics: Demographic Profile of the Federal Workforce, PSO-OWI-5 (Washington, D.C.: Office of Personnel Management, 30 September 1992), calculated from tables on pages 80 and 104. 58 Permission to publish the specific data was withheld. 59 Suzanne Vaupel, Minorities and Women in California Agriculture, University of California Agricultural Issues Center Paper no. 88-2, (Davis, CA: UC Agricultural Issues Center, January 1988), 42. 60 Lawrence Busch and William B. Lacy, Science, Agriculture, and the --- * Origin: [via Psychotronic BBS = Durham, NC = 919-286-4542]sustag- (1:3641/1) @PATH: 3641/1 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- (59) Thu 1 Dec 94 18:31 By: Lawrence F. London, Jr. To: All Re: 06:issue paper text (fwd) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- @MSGID: 1:3641/223 0006aa42 @PID GIGO+ sn 175 at psybbs vsn 0.99 pl1 @SPLIT: 04 Dec 94 14:29:11 @3641/223 6797 06/06 ++++++++++ From: london@calypso-2.oit.unc.edu (Lawrence F. London, Jr.) @Subject: issue paper text (fwd) Date: 1 Dec 1994 18:31:14 -0000 @Sender: daemon@bigblue.oit.unc.edu @Message-Id: @Mime-Version: 1.0 @Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Politics of Research (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1983), 51. 61 National Science Foundation, Profiles--Agricultural Science: Human Resources and Funding, NSF 89-319, (Washington, D.C.: NSF, 1989), 19, 27. 62 U.S. Department of Labor, WomenUs Bureau, Facts on Working Women, report no. 89-4 (Washington, D.C.: Govt. Printing Office, December 1989), 5. Also cited in Linda Schmittroth, ed., Statistical Record of Women Worldwide, 1st ed. (Detroit/London: Gale Research Inc., 1991), table 540, p. 445. 63 U.S. Department of Labor, WomenUs Bureau, Facts on Working Women, report no. 89-5 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, December 1989). Also cited in Linda Schmittroth, ed., Statistical Record of Women Worldwide, 1st ed. (Detroit/London: Gale Research Inc., 1991), table 58, p. 40. 64 U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, An Assessment of the United States Food and Agricultural Research System, OTA-F-155 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, December 1981), 21. 65 Elizabeth Bird, "Reviewing Commitments to Sustainable Agriculture Research," Consortium News, Consortium for Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education, Center for Rural Affairs, no. 1 (1994): 3-4. 66 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Dynamics of the Research Investment: Issues and Trends in the Agricultural Research System (Washington, D.C.: Cooperative State Research Service, July 1993), 47. 67 National Science Foundation, Profiles--Agricultural Science: Human Resources and Funding, NSF 89-319, (Washington, D.C.: NSF, 1989), calculated from tables 32 and 34, pp. 144, 147. 68 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Competitively Awarded Research and Education Grants: Fiscal Year 1993 (Washington, D.C.: Office of Grants and Program Systems, Cooperative State